RECORD: Darwin, C. R. & Francis Darwin. [1878].12.22-[1879].01.05. Common bean. CUL-DAR209.11.144-148. (Cite as: John van Wyhe ed., 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed by Christine Chua and edited by John van Wyhe 7.2023. RN2
NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin. The volume CUL-DAR209.11 contains material for Darwin's book Movement in plants (1880).
Dec 22 common Bean 11 am to 11 40 finished
4 test control beans 8 blackened with of black grease all round at tip some 2 mm, some 3 mm; all marked with dot at 10 mm—
Dec 23 - 9. 30
One 3 mm black not bent, all others black & white slightly & about equally bent
10 45 Blackened all again making 2 mm. into 3
Oct Decr 24. 920 am
All 4 white ones bent clearly
4 black ones fairly horizontal
4 bent abt as much as white
The strt black ones have grown, 19, 16, 18 20?
Dec 25. 10. 5 am 3 out of 4 white ones nearly vertically down—
Only 2 black ones clearly more horizontal than the rest— No black ones quite as vertical as the white ones
Dec 25 Horizontal common Beans Vicia
Two jars a & b with beans all marked with dot of grease at 10 mm & some greased for 3 mm at tip. Fixed horizontally in damp air
jar (a). 4 with black tips ("Black")
2 not ("white")
7. Black tip
jar (b) 3 black
2 white
7. Black tip
Examined 8.25 pm
jar a, one white much bent down, one another not perceptibly
3 blacks clearly bent the 4th one hardly bent
jar b one white very much, the other very little bent
2 blacks slightly one (the 3rd) hardly bent
Dec 26 8.40 am
jar a All both bk & white bent except 2 blacks, 2 Black bent which have nevertheless grown to 17 & 18 mm (the tips are 3 & 4 mm)
Now filled up jar a so that beans and roots wet.
jar b Both whites § well bent tho' not vertically.
*2 blacks slightly the 3rd hardly at all bent & is nevertheless 20 mm its tip being 4 to 5 mm
These two are 19 mm (tip 4 mm) 20 tip 5 § Both whites are 15 mm
jars a + B
Horizontal beans
The forgoing ones same
De 27 1050 am
jar a — Black 1 has its grease washed off is 40º below horiz
Bk 2 20º below horizon & 20 mm in length (ie up to mark)
Bk 3 — 55º below
Bk 4 Horizontal— 20 mm long (to mark)
White i — 75º below — about 20 mm long
White ii 55º below
Dec 27 1040 am
jar b White i— 75º below 30 mm to mark from tip
White ii 55º below 25
Black 1 20º — 32 {That is what was 10 mm has grown to 30, 25, &c
[black] 2 25º — 29
Black 3 15º — 31 {The tips are now 6 or 7 mm, they were 3 mm
Dec 28 930 am
jar b still marked difference between black & white
jar a The two horizontal black beans have not perceptibly altered
On comparing
Begin comparing young of animals with young of plants
Then since these precautions are needed the plant must be expose
The heliotrop & geotrop—
Then race & individual going on to onerious system & back to movements again as examples—
Dec 29 Jars a + b Horizontal beans
Jar a
Jar a |
|
tip |
length m. m |
|
Black 1 |
90º below |
|
80-90 |
—NB { this had grown through the |
2 |
25 — |
4 |
20 |
black which had been partly |
3 |
45º— |
|
21 |
washed off |
4 |
45 above |
|
20 |
|
White i |
78 below |
|
20 |
|
ii |
60 below |
|
25 |
|
Jar b |
below Hor |
mm |
|
White i— |
70º— |
66 long |
|
White ii |
60 |
31 |
tips |
Black 1 |
15 |
47 |
20mm |
— 2 |
30 |
38 |
20 |
— 3 |
20 |
39 |
? |
Grese 90 [+] 25 [+] 45 [+] 15 [+] 30 [+] 20 [=] 225 [÷] 6 [=] 37.5
Control 78 [+] 60 [+] 70 [+] 60 [=] 268 [÷] 4 [=] 67º
Beans {I think certainly Vicia} B1 B2 Dec 30 about 10 am
Beans germinated in peat on table, pinned to cork or stoppered bottle, 1, 2, 3, 4, only marked with 10 mm
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 also have 3 mm at tip blackened with grease — Put to grow in damp air on table in study
White 1 — 60 below horizon ← Exam 5. 40 pm
—"— 2 60—70
—"— 3 — 50.
White 4 — 5 above or Horizontal, but has grown to 12 mm
Blk 5 30 below
Blk 6 50
Bl 7 — 45º below
Bl 8 — 55º below
Bl 9 65º below{Average of the white ones excluding No 4 is 55º average of black ones 49, so there is hardly any difference}
Dec 31 — 855 am
No 4 still horizontal The rest show nothing new
Jan 1 845 am. No difference between the whites & blacks— Owing to a mistake in my notes I am not sure whether all the beans where kept till Jan 1 or whether one jarful was thrown away on Dec 31. but I am nearly certain both were kept till Jan 1
Horizontal Beans (Vicia)
(Radicles)
Jan 2. 11. 45 am
Germinated in peat; roots from 4 to 6 cm long: Those called "black" have 3 mm of the tip greased: all, "white" or "black" marked at 10 mm. In damp air on study table
Jar X
at 11. 15 pm }
Black 1 — 8 below
— 2 — 8 above
— 3 — 10º below
— 4 — 0 —"—
White 5 — 5º —"—
White 6 — 5º —"—
Jan 3 10 20 am } The two white ones slightly hooked at tips, not so the blackened ones
Jan 4. 10 20 am } no difference to the eye between black & white, all but one bent down
Jar Y — ground glass edge & plate; beans in damp air — 2 black & 2 white fixed Jan 2. 12. 10 pm.
Examined 11.15 pm, one white is 40 below, all 3 others about horizontal
Jan 3 filled up with water
Jan 5. The two whites have not geotroped properly one being 15º below & the other 40º (?); while the marked pieces originally 10 mm have grown to 15mm & 19 mm.
(Grease Beans)
Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
File last updated 18 December, 2025