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Cuy a rabbit in the Bichiche language. V. Falkner The earthquake of Chiloe had a severe shock of ½ minute three days small shocks. = The Valparaiso have forgotten their language Bichichas in Caylen Tapaculo1 December 1st [1834] Left St Ca Castro early a large group watching us: Indian family with periagua young man, in morning wet to skin from the torrents, with thin trowsers drawers professed to be quite 1 A bird of the genus Sclerochilus and the larger turca belong to the Rhinocryptid
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pieces of table land. sloping on their southern front. — at that time I had no doubt about their being outlying patches of some modern bed. — A Gaucho who accompanied me, said the rock was reddish but quite as hard as hence, that the white pieces were sought for striking fire. He called one the corrall, for which purpose it is used, the surrounding cliffs are about 30 or 40 feet high quite perpendicular the diameter 2 or 3 miles. — Falkner says this is the first true rock gives a curious account
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little so. — In Encyclop: Britt. — salt is said to be found between St Fe Cordova. — And on authority of Azara, that Sulp: of Magnesia at Melinari. — (a small town in Lati: of St Nicholas about 70 miles in interior). Beginning at the North, the first section of these plains, which I visited, was on the banks of the R. Carcarana or Quinto. This place has long been celebrated for its large fossil bones. The old Jesuit Falkner mentions them, together with the Armadillo-like or Megatherium case. I
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baying driving him up a tree, where he is easily dispatched with bullets.— for anecdotes of these attacks V 387 private Journal.— I heard of Jaguars, though uncommon near the Sierra Guitro-gugo (N of the Ventana) believe they certainly (though very rarely are found in the islands of the R. Negro, Lat 41.— Falkner says, the Lake Nahuel-Naupi, from which this river rises, takes its name from the Indian name of Tiger. Its Latitude is 42°.— The same author talking of the many tigers at South
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sudden alterations. — Mem: Report of Geolog: Paraguay Sandstone is said to be a Tertiary Molasse (?) (Nature? Authority?) if so. continuation R. Negro. — Mendozan beds: — Where the Salinas. grandes are. West of Ventana. does not Falkner there are Spiny bushes? if so. Sandstone. — There is a probability from. Mastodons bones. in the low cliff, which I think must have been under water. when the three hundred was above that the Mastodon has lived within a period. in which shells. have not lost
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In Patagonia the blending of pebbles the appearance of travelling may be owing to successive transportal from prevailing swell, (as Shingle travels on the Chesil bank V. De la Beche) Ask Capt. F. R: how the swell generally during gales would tend to travel on a central line of Patagonia. NB. Mr Lyell P. 211 Vol III talks of line of cliff marking a pause When mentioning pumice of Bahia Blanca, mention black scoriaceous rocks of R Chupat. fall of Ashes of Falkner, ?how far is the distance? 6
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F1640
Periodical contribution:
FitzRoy, R. and Darwin, C. R. 1836. A letter, containing remarks on the moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand &c. South African Christian Recorder 2 (4) (September): 221-238.
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introducing agriculture, and the mechanical arts, among the natives. The thoroughly English ap- _____________________________________________ * The British Resident. b 1 Falkner 1774. [page] 23
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A73
Periodical contribution:
FitzRoy, R. 1836. Sketch of the Surveying Voyages of his Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle, 1825-1836. Commanded by Captains P. P. King, P. Stokes, and R. Fitz-Roy, Royal Navy. Journal of the Geological Society of London 6: 311-343. (Communicated by John Barrow)
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gathered about them, hanging from the shoulders to their ankles, adds so much to the bulkiness of their appearance, that one ought not to wonder at their having been called gigantic. I am not aware that any Patagonian has appeared during late years whose height exceeded six feet and some inches; but I see no reason to disbelieve the Jesuit Falkner's account of the Cacique Cangapol, whose height, he says, was seven feet and some inches. When Falkner stood on tiptoe he could not reach the top of
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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Thomas, 19e, 20e, 67e Deluc, Jean Andr , 181 Falkner, Thomas, 67e Fitton, William, 6e, 38e, 101 FitzRoy, Captain Robert, 67e, 135e Foster, Henry, 138 Fox, Robert Were, 20e Gaimard, Paul, 174e Gay, Claude, 65e Helms, Anthony Zachariah, 155 Henry, Samuel P., 12 Henslow, John Stevens, 5e, 7e, 127 Herschel, John, 32, 115 Hoffman, Friedrich, 165e Holland, Henry, 159 Humboldt, Alexander von, 24, 43e, 70, 72, 73, 100e, 157e, 160, 163e, 164e, 165e, 166e, 171e, 176e, 177e Hutton, James, 112, 161 Isabelle
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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black scoriaceous rocks of R Chupat. fall of Ashes of Falkner, ؟ how far is the distance? 89 68e Fossil bones black as if from peat. yet cetaceous bones so likewise [of miocene period]. Mem Bahia blanca P. 204 Vol III. Lyell90 Owing to [open] faults in mountains: to elevated strata in eocene lakes of France, unequal action of Earthquakes [on Chili delta of Indus]. my belief in submarine tilting alone, must be modified. [Moreover, the Volcanos from sea there burst out, after rise from sea: As
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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a, Sand of the Landes. b, Limestone. c, Clay. 89 Thomas Falkner, A Description of Patagonia (London, 1774), p. 51: Being in the Vulcan, below Cape St. Anthony, I was witness to a vast cloud of ashes being carried by the winds, and darkening the whole sky. It spread over great part of the jurisdiction of Buenos-Ayres, passed the River of Plata, and scattered it's contents on both sides of the river, in so much that the grass was covered with ashes. This was caused by the eruption of a volcano
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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. London, 1837. Falkner, Thomas. A Description of Patagonia, and the Adjoining Parts of South America: Containing an Account of the Soil, Produce, Animals, Vales, Mountains, Rivers, Lakes, c. of those Countries; the Religion, Government, Policy, Customs, Dress, Arms, and Language of the Indian Inhabitants; and Some Particulars relating to Falkland's Islands. London, 1774. Fitton, William. 'An Account of some Geological Specimens, collected by Captain P. P. King, in his Survey of the Coasts of
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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ones of the armadillo. On this point see Thomas Falkner, A Description of Patagonia (London, 1774), p. 55. 18 Sir Gavin de Beer, ed., 'Darwin's Journal', Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series, vol. 2 (1959), p. 7. 19 Nora Barlow, ed., 'Darwin's Ornithological Notes', Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series, vol. 2 (1963), p. 262. The full paragraph reads as follows: I have specimens from four of the larger islands; the two above enumerated
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F1574b
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part II. Second notebook [C] (February to July 1838). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (3) (May): 75-118.
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Ovington Voyage to Surinam Voyage Congo Expedition Zaire except Browns Appendix excellent table of Canary Island plants Home's History of Man Transactions of the Entomological Society vol. I Ist no. of vol. II (read remainder) when out 276 Most of those which have references at end, is so said to have Books examined with ref: to species Mackenzie's Iceland Molinas Chile Falkner Patagonia Azara Voyage Quadrupeds of Paraguay Dobrizhoffer Abipomnes Edinburgh New Phil. Journal about 13 numbers
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F1574f
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin, Rowlands, M. J. and Skramovsky, [Mrs] B. M. eds. 1967. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part VI. Pages excised by Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 3 (5) (21 March): 129-176.
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,19 Reinwardt,20 , Forrest21 authors on E. Indian Arch. Borneo Sumatra both seem to have elephant has orangs.22 Tapir common to Sumatra Molucca. Borneo Molucca Cochin China are said to have orang- 1 Thomas Falkner. A Description of Patagonia and the adjoining parts of South America, Hereford, 1774. 2 Martinus Dobritzhofer, Account of the Abipones, London, 1822. 3 Jean Ren Quoy et Joseph Paul Gaimard, Voyage de d couvertes de l'Astrolabe, Zoologie, Paris, 1830, tome 1, p. 60. 4 ibid., P. 61 5
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. In New Guinea a Kangaroo D'Aroe (Didelphus Brunii)6 which as yet had only been found in isle of Aroe Solor. 1 Thomas Falkner. A Description of Patagonia and the adjoining parts of South America, Hereford, 1774. 2 Martinus Dobritzhofer, Account of the Abipones, London, 1822. 3 Jean René Quoy et Joseph Paul Gaimard, Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe, Zoologie, Paris, 1830, tome 1, p. 60. 4 ibid., p. 61 5 ibid., p. 62 6 ibid., P. 62 1
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Mackenzie's Iceland [Mackenzie 1811] Molina's Iceland Chile [Molina 1788-95] Falkner's Patagonia [Falkner 1774] Azara's Voyage [Azara 1809] Quadrupeds of Paraguay [Azara 1801] Dobrizhoffer's Abipones [Dobrizhoffer 1822] Edinburgh New Philosoph. Journ. 13 numbers have been read [Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal] Voyage à l'isle de France [[Saint Pierre] 1773] Voyage de l'Astrolabe partie Zoolog. [Quoy and Gaimard 1830-4] Pernety voyage à l'ile Malouines [Pernety 1769] Zoolog. Journal 5 Vols
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F8.4
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1838. Mammalia Part 2 no. 2 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By George R. Waterhouse. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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it probable that it is not an inhabitant of Paraguay or La Plata. The two Foxes mentioned by him are the Aguará-guaza, (Canis jubatus, Auct.) a very large kind of fox (a strangely exaggerated description of this animal is given by Falkner) of which I could not obtain a specimen; and the Aguará-chay, or Canis Azaræ. † Molina, Compendio de la Historia del Reyno de Chile, vol. i. p. 330 and 332. C 2 [page] 12 ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE
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Most of those which have references at end, is so said to have Books examined with ref: to species Mackenzie's Iceland Molinas Chile Falkner Patagonia Azara Voyage Quadrupeds of Paraguay Dobrizhoffer Abipomnes Edinburgh New Phil. Journal about 13 numbers have been read Voyage a l'isle de France Voyage de l'Astrolabe { Partie Zoologique Pernety voyage a l'isle Malouines Zoological Journal 5 vols Voyage de la Coquille Zoological Transactions up to parts published March 1838. done Whole of
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Guinea a Kangaroo D'Aroe (Didelphus Brunii)6 which as yet had only been found in isle of Aroe Solor. 1 Thomas Falkner. A Description of Patagonia and the adjoining parts of South America, Hereford, 1774. 2 Martinus Dobritzhofer, Account of the Abipones, London, 1822. 3 Jean René Quoy et Joseph Paul Gaimard, Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe, Zoologie, Paris, 1830, tome 1, p. 60. 4 ibid., p. 61 5 ibid., p. 62 6 ibid., P. 62 14
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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than actual water, being only covered at half tide. Falkner says (p. 77), that a Spanish vessel was lost in this bay, the crew of which saved themselves in one of the boats, and sailing up the river arrived at Mendoza. Whether this ship was called 'Los Cesares' I am not aware, but as there is an islet in the 'Bahia Anegada' named in the old Spanish charts, 'Isla de los Cesares,' I suspect that such was the fact, and incline to connect this story with the many rumours of a settlement, 'de los
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F10.1
Book:
King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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muscular forms, and length of body, in some measure bear out the above accounts; for had the present generation proportionate limbs, they might, without any exaggeration, justify the account of Commodore Byron. The Jesuit Missionary Falkner,* who, from an intercourse of forty years with the Indians of South America, must be considered as one of the best authorities, says, speaking of a Patagonian named Cangapol, This chief, who was called by the Spaniards the Cacique Bravo, was tall and well
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F10.1
Book:
King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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discovery, very vague accounts had been given of this, or indeed of any other part of the coast. The Gulf, upon that examination, was found to possess no river or creek in any part excepting on the north side, where there are several deep bays and coves, which are, and have been frequented by our sealing vessels. The country about is dry and parched, although partially covered with small shrubs, and a wiry grass on which large herds of guanacoes feed. According to Falkner (the Jesuit missionary, who
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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.) Falkner, in whose accounts of what he himself saw I have full faith, has a curious passage illustrative of this supposition; and it is not impossible nor even, I think, improbable that some of the pumice we saw fell at the time mentioned in the following extract: Being in the Vu lcan, below Cape St. Anthony, I was witness to a vast cloud of ashes being carried by the winds, and darkening the whole sky. It spread over great part of the jurisdiction of Buenos Ayres, passed the river of Plata, and
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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, had no horses, and that tribe was called 'Yacana-kunny,' (foot people). Westward of those people, separated from them by a ridge of mountains, was a tribe called Key-uhue, Key-yus, or Key-es; and northward, the Sehuau-kunny . Falkner, in his account, rather confuses the habits of the Yacana-kunny with those of the Key-uhue, which is not to be wondered at, as he described those tribes solely from the accounts of others. The Key-uhue have neither 'bowls,' or balls (bolas), nor 'ostriches,' (see
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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good-will are in general very faithful and laborious, says Falkner; their lives are but one continued scene of labour; for, besides nursing and bringing up children, they are obliged to do much drudgery. Except hunting, providing food, and fighting, all work is done by the women. Indeed they sometimes aid in battle. Some families have slaves who do household work; but if they should have no slaves, not even the wives of a cacique are exempt from every-day labour. Men do not marry before they are
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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vessels can generally run from the River Negro to Port San Jos without much risk and in a short time, whereas there are strong tides and dangerous 'races' off the peninsula of San Jos , and the entrance of the Chupat will not admit a vessel drawing more than seven feet: even this only at high-water. I think that the Chupat is the river alluded to by Falkner, as being in the country of Chulilaw. * He was told that it traversed the continent as far as the Andes, and judging from the drift-timber
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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small battery stood in 1826, there were two fathoms water in 1833; and within the same period the deepest water for a few miles within the entrance, changed gradually from the south side to the north. Mr. Darwin was told that the river was called Negro after a cacique of that name; but Falkner asserts that it was so called by the Spaniards, because the aborigines knew it by the name of 'Cusu Leuvu,' which means black river. * There are two floods annually: one about December or January, caused by
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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danger Tide Races Bar of the Negro Hunting Attack of Indians Villarino Falkner 295 CHAPTER XV. Beagle and Adventure sail from MonteVideo Port Desire Bellaco Rock Refraction Port San Julian Viedma Drake Magalhaens Patagonians Port Famine San Sebastian Bay Wooll a Jemmy Story Treachery Oens men Improvement Gratitude Falklands Events Capt. Seymour Search for Murderers Lieut. Smith Brisbane Wreck Sufferings Lieutenant Clive Sail from Falklands 316 [page] x
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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Temperature of Water 481 CHAPTER XXII. Dangerous Archipelago of the Low Islands Krusenstern Squalls Discoveries Otaheite Matavai Natives Houses Point Venus Theft Singing Pomare Sugar Papiete Church Mr. Pritchard Thierry Shells Mr. Nott Bible Paamuto Natives Falkner 'Ua' Papawa Relics Divine Service Hitote Henry Audience Queen Missionaries Roman Catholics Form- [page] xii
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F10.2a
Book:
[FitzRoy, R.] 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Appendix to Volume II. London: Henry Colburn.
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. Orders to Mr. Stokes ............... 100 10. Orders to Lieut. Wickham ............... 100 11. Extract from Falkner ............... 101 12. Extract from Pennant ............... 102 13. Extract from Viedma ............... 110 14. Extract from Byron ............... 124 15. Fuegian Vocabulary, c. ............... 135 16. Remarks by Mr. Wilson (surgeon) ............... 142 17. Phrenological Remarks ............... 148 17 a. Papers relating to the Falklands ............... 149 18. Orders to Lieut
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F10.2a
Book:
[FitzRoy, R.] 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Appendix to Volume II. London: Henry Colburn.
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. ENGLISH FUEGIAN. HUILLICHE. Belly k p pud puay.* Bones osh ki voso, or voro. Cold c c we chosay. Day n qu l antu, or antuigh. Fire t t t l k tal, or cutal. Hand y c c b cuugh, or cuu. Moon cunn qu cuyen. Moon (new) tu qu ll chum cuyen. Salt-water cha sh, or sh a m chasi-co, or chadi-co. Sea chah b el, or hay c lavquem. Sun, (or bright light) l m, or l m antu pelon, or luv. Shine, to lumulmen. * The words in this column are taken from Molina, but compared with Falkner and Febres. [page] 14
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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himself among the low islanders so securely that he scrupled not to visit any of their islands, Aura alone excepted. How necessary it must be for a missionary to have a knowledge of medicine and surgery. The Jesuit, Falkner, wandered alone in safety among the tribes of South American Indians, owing, in a great measure, to his knowledge of the healing art.* 21st. I went to see 'Ua,' an old man, who remembered 'Toote' (Cook); yet was still strong and active: he told me that in those days he was
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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CHAPTER VII. SOUTHERN ABORIGINES OF SOUTH AMERICA. OF the tribes which scantily people Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, far less is yet known than might generally be expected. Although frequently seen by white men, and often holding intercourse with them, probably no person even moderately educated, excepting Falkner, has staid among them long enough to become acquainted with, and describe their peculiarities. His description of the aboriginal natives who, in his time (1740-80), roamed over the
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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CHAPTER XIV. Paz and Liebre begin work Chronometers Fish Animals San Blas Wrecks River Negro Del Carmen Inhabitants Indians Trade Williams drowned Port Desire Gale Salinas Lightning Bones in Tomb Trees Dangers New Bay Cattle Seals Soil River Chupat Drift Timber Fertility Wild Cattle Valdes Creek Imminent danger Tide Races Bar of the Negro Hunting Attack of Indians Villarino Falkner. THE Paz and Liebre parted company with the Beagle on the 18th of October 1832, and commenced their undertaking
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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CHAPTER XXII. Dangerous Archipelago of the Low Islands Krusenstern Squalls Discoveries Otaheite Matavai Natives Houses Point Venus Theft Singing Pomare Sugar Papiete Church Mr. Pritchard Thierry Shells Mr. Nott Bible Paamuto Natives Falkner 'Ua' Papawa Relics Divine Service Hitote Henry Audience Queen Missionaries Roman Catholics Forming head Meeting at Papiete Dress Behaviour Eloquence of natives Honourable feelings Interesting discussion Venilia. AFTER sailing before the wind twelve days
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F10.1
Book:
King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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. They call it 'piccolo.' The leaf was described to me as having a prickle upon it, and the flower as of a yellow colour. A species of berberis also is found, which when ripe may afford a very palatable fruit. Our short visit gave us no flattering opinion of the fertility of the country near this port. Of the interior we were ignorant; but, from the absence of Indians and the scarcity of fresh water, it is probably very bare of pasturage. Falkner, the Jesuit missionary, says these parts were
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F10.1
Book:
King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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such power He would controul my dam's god Setebos. * Maria's dress was similar to that of other females of the tribe; but she wore ear-rings, made of medals stamped with a figure of the Virgin Mary, which, with the brass-pin that secured her mantle across her breast, were given to her by one Lewis, who had passed by in an American sealing-vessel, and who, we understood from her, had made them Christians. The Jesuit Falkner, who lived among them for many years, has written a long and, apparently
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F10.1
Book:
King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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their bowls. Their stature is much the same as that of the other Tehuelhets, rarely exceeding seven feet, and oftentimes not six feet. They are an innocent, harmless people. * To the north of this race, Falkner describes the Sehuau-cunnees, the most southern Indians who travel on horseback; Sehuau signifies in the Tehuel dialect a species of black rabbit, about the size of a field rat; and as their country abounds in these animals, their name may be derived from thence: cunnee signifying
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F10.1
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King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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nent by their powerful neighbours, are now called Tekeenikas. Our knowledge of the names of these two tribes, Alikhoolip and Tekeenika, results from Captain Fitz-Roy's subsequent examination of the outer coast of Tierra del Fuego in the Beagle (1830). A Cacique, belonging to the nation of the Key-yus, told Falkner that he had been in a house made of wood, that travelled on the water. A party of the Indians, in four canoes, were met on the borders of the Otway Water by Captain Fitz-Roy in 1829
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F10.1
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King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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, as a squalid, meagre-looking man; but he was now enlarged to Patagonian dimensions, by his improved diet and more cheerful mode of life. The appearance of bad weather obliged us to suspend the barter and get on board. After we had reached the ship, successive parties of the tribe arrived, * Falkner says, in his account of the burial ceremonies of the southern Patagonians that, after a certain interval, the bodies are taken out of the tomb, and skeletons are made of them by the women the flesh
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F10.1
Book:
King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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them in his narrative a large race (Gente grande). There it was that he was attacked by the Indians, whom he repulsed, and one of whom he made prisoner. We remained a night in Port Famine, and again set out in the Adelaide to survey some of the western parts of the Strait. * Falkner describes the Indians who inhabit the eastern islands of Tierra del Fuego, to be 'Yacana-cunnees,' and as he designates those who inhabit the Patagonian shore of the Strait by the same name, it might be inferred that
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F10.1
Book:
King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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little information. They had not then assumed the Indian garb, although, from the state of their clothes, they would very soon be obliged to adopt it. At Pecket's Harbour a few words of the native language were collected, which are very different from those given by Falkner, in his description of the Patagonian natives: he says himself, that the language of the northern Indians differs materially from that of the 'Yacana Cunnees.' During Lieutenant Graves's communication with the natives, at
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F10.1
Book:
King, P. P. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826-30, under the command of Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. London: Henry Colburn.
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and west direction, on the top of the highest pinnacle of the hill, and then covered over with large stones until secure from beasts of prey. Decomposition takes place, or the flesh is consumed by small animals or insects, without the bones being removed, so that complete skeletons are formed. According to Falkner, the bones are collected at a certain period, and removed to some general cemetery, where the skeletons are set up, and tricked out with all the finery the Indians can collect. The
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F10.2
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FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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. Its shape resembled that of a hog, but it had talons on its feet instead of hoofs; the snout was like a hog's, but much longer. When half-grown, he was told that it would be capable of seizing and carrying away a horse or a bullock. I concluded that he must have seen a tapir or anta; yet as he persisted in asserting that the animal he saw was a beast of prey,* and that it was extremely rare,* I here repeat what he said. (See extract from Falkner. Appendix No. 11.) Abundance I may well say shoals
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F10.2
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FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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-hati (high hill); and the Molu-che, Vuta-calel (great bulk.) Falkner, p. 74. Tide-races, or ripples. [page] 11
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F10.2
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FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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waters is a tribe, or fraction of a tribe, whose name I could not learn; for the present I shall call them 'Huemul' because they have many skins of a kind of roebuck, which is said to be the animal described by Molina as the 'Huemul'*. Their number may be one hundred, or thereabouts. I am inclined to think that these Huemul Indians are a branch of the Yacana people, whom Falkner describes as living on both sides of the Strait. On the western coast of Patagonia, between the Strait of Magalhaens and
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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appeared, during late years, exceeding in height six feet and some inches; but I see no reason to disbelieve Falkner's account of the Cacique Cangapol, whose height, he says, was seven feet and some inches. When Falkner stood on tiptoe he could not reach the top of Cangapol's head. It is rather curious, that Byron could only just touch the top of the tallest man's head * The colour of these aborigines is extremely like that of the Devon-shire breed of cattle. From the window of a room in which I
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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the natives are not always without them. The women are dressed and booted like the men, with the * Byron's voyage, 1765. Falkner, 1740-80. Ochre. Charcoal and oil. Felspathic earth and oil. [page] 13
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F10.2
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FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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body is large, in proportion to their cramped and rather crooked limbs. Their rough, coarse, and extremely dirty black hair half hides yet heightens a villanous expression of the worst description of savage features. Passing so much time in low wigwams, or cramped in small * Excepting boots. See Magalhaens' first interview. Burney, vol. i. p. 34. Falkner says (p. 93, speaking of this country), It is evident that this place has the conveniences of wood, water, and soil; and, if there could be
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