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CUL-DAR75.137-144
Abstract:
[1809--1882.04.00]
[index to references concerning] `Laws of Variation: Nature'
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9) Laws of Variation. Nature 6. Journal Linn. Soc. Vol. V. Suppl. Bot. p. VIII — On acidity [forming] formation of Spines on aromatic odour of such plants N. Hist. R. no. 2 p. 162 correlation between larger frontal sinuses great strength of Bones [D. Schaaffhausen. 1861. On the crania of the most ancient races of man.] p. 186 Carpenter wide-rangers varying much in Foramifera as Decandolle as found, show effect of conditions of cones varied 197. Carpenter c. variation of Foramifera, same
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CUL-DAR75.127-135
Abstract:
[1809--1882.04.00]
[index to references concerning] `[Ch] 7 Variation under Nature'
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] PDF 184 195 Carpenter — wide ranging Foraminifera always vary most 197 animal variations [William B. Carpenter. 1861. General results of the study of typical forms of foraminifera, in their relation to the systemic arrangement of that group, etc.] ?. Morlot (pamph. 192) p 289 on [Rohn sepila] pedunculated difference in antiquity. good Morlot, Charles Adolphe. 1859. Etudes géologico-archéologiques en Danemark et en Suisse. [Read January.] Bulletin des séances. Société Vaudoise des Sciences
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. 400-470.) [inscribed with Ramsay's compliments][Darwin Pamphlet Collection 361] [PDF] 364 Carpenter on Eozoon age of p. 283, 285, 300 Carpenter, William Benjamin. 1865. On the structure, affinities, and geological position of Eozoon canadense. Intellectual Observer 7: 278-302. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 364] PDF 365 Hutton p. 7 intermedial breed — from — p. 10. Representative petrels in N. S. hemisphere — very good for glacial — Hooked beak useful for plants Hutton, Frederick Wollaston. 1865
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CUL-DAR75.127-135
Abstract:
[1809--1882.04.00]
[index to references concerning] `[Ch] 7 Variation under Nature'
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des Sciences de Toulous 5th ser. 5: 28-61.) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 244] PDF Loven (8vo Pamph 247) on vars. of count in Lakes sea different. Lovén, Sven Ludvig. 1861. Om några i Vettern och Venern Funna Crustaceer. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 18: 285-314. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 247] PDF Phil Transact. 1861 p. 570 Carpenter on great variability of Foraminifera reason why can be discovered — great range — Low beings ∴ good to give this as one instance
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [90] (28 8vo Pamphlets 1324 Asa Gray answer to G. Henslow on weeds Gray, Asa. 1879. [Review of] Henslow, On the self-fertilisation of plants. Botanical Gazette 4 (July): 182-187. (whole issue) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 1324] PDF 1326 Hildebrand Farben den Bluthen — good on variation Hildebrand, Friedrich Hermann Gustav. 1879. Die Farben der Blüthen in ihrer jetzigen Variation und früheren Entwicklung. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. [Darwin Pamphlet
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CUL-DAR45.97
Abstract:
[Undated]
Carpenter `Philosophical Transactions' [reference incomplete]
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6 Small Knives Carpenter, William Benjamin. 1860. Researches on Foraminifera: fourth and concluding series. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 150 no. 2: 535-594
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [4.2] p. 138— 2 hands 4 hands good case of Division of Labour Ch. 8 p 181 Aye-Aye Lemur with Rodent teeth — abnormally for group 2 mammæ on groin — but another genus has 2 on groin 2 on breast— we may suppose later aborted. Ch. 8 p 392 Swallow flew from Milan to Pavia in 13 minutes = 21 British mile = 97 miles an hour. — vol. 2 (Carpenter Zoology) Nothing for m
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CUL-DAR45.97
Abstract:
[Undated]
Carpenter `Philosophical Transactions' [reference incomplete]
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [97] Ch 4 Dr Carpenter in Phil. Transact has shown what truly extraordinary amount of variation the Foraminifera are subject to.— Many species even several genera, being specifically the same, as has been shown by gradations diverse forms occurring in different parts of same individual. — It is remarkable that the same vary very often occur exclusively or very frequently in certain localities [97v
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Die Saugethiere, Vogel Amphibien nach ihren Geograph. Verbreitung. Tabellarisch zusammengestellt. Dr. H. Pompper. Leipzig 1841. (new by Berghaus for Birds) Die Wirbelthiere Europas. von Keyserling Prof. Blasius. Brunswick 1840 I fancy only a Catalogue Schinz seems to have written on inhabitants animals of high valley of Ursern in Alps (Johnston Atlas) Nott Gliddon Types of Mankind (read) Carpenter has written in Encyclop of Anatomy Physiology, article on Variation races of mankind. Yarrell has
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 29 Man—. Language.— Bucklands' Bridgewater Treatise Geology p. 411. Some encrinites are composed of at least 150 thousand pieces of bone branched in complex manner perfectly symmetry every part except the stem basal cup, being repeated 5 times — Carpenter Phil. Transact 1866 — shows that basal plates in each arm differ, some 5 or 7 I think — In the cup of Encrinite, how many different plates?? Buckland, William. 1836. Geology and mineralogy considered
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breast the other pointed one in a hole in a piece of wood, then rapidly turns the curved part, like a Carpenter carpenter does with a Centre-bit. — The Tahitians, having made a small fire of sticks, placed a score of stones about the size of a mans fist cricket ball on the burning wood. In about 10 ten minutes time, the sticks were consumed the stones hot. Previously They had previously folded up in small parcels made on of leaves, pieces of beef, fish, ripe unripe Bananas, the tops of the wild
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[35] 1550-1560. Bahia Blanca Buenos Ayres. + 1550. White compact argillaceous calcareous superior bed, grand ridge between R. Colorado Bahia Blanca. (This specimen is uncommonly pure compact.) + 1551. Argill-Calc. great bed, surface of plain, N. of Fort Bahia Blanca. (Not quite so pure; + 1552. brecciated state; fragments compact breaking with a fracture approaching to stalactitic: by stalactitic I mean smooth instead of earthy fracture, approaching to crystalline.) (1552 to Dr Carpenter
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; Covington, fiddler boy to Poop-cabin; Billet, gunroom-boy; Royal Marines, Beareley, sergeant; William, Jones, Burgess, Bute, Doyle, Martin, Middleton, Prior (midshipmen steward); Boatswain, Mr Sorrell; Carpenter, Mr May. [page] 197 Rio de Janeiro to M: Vide
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1833 The Aluminous matter is small in proportion to Calc: [this sentence appears to be a continuation of the last entry on 42v] 1550x white compact Arg: Calc: superior bed, grand ridge. between R. Colorado Bahia.Blanca =Dr Carpenter [William Benjamin Carpenter (1813-1885) examined some of Darwin's specimens by microscope; see correspondence December 1844 and chapter 11 of South America.] 1551x: 1552. Arg: Calc. bed. surface of plain. N of Fort Bahia Blanca 1553x Arg: Calca: north side of the
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1835 Valparaiso - Coquimbo [these specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.153] 2910 Brown Copper Pyrites 2911 Black Crys in Quartz Schorl? 2912x White fol: glassy Fr with much pale green crys of imperfect Hornblende --------------------------------------------------------- Coquimbo 2924: 2925: 2926: 2927 Shells in Tosca rock ['26' circled in pencil and linked by pencil line to 'Dr Carpenter' written in pencil. This is William Benjamin Carpenter (1813-1885). The barnacles photographed by Lister (2018
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Mammalia, p. 88, and spelled as 'Bizcacha' (elsewhere spelled 'Viscacha' or 'Biscatcha' by Darwin). 2 Hydrous calcium sulphate, often in the form of crystals (selenite). Darwin explained that in Chile gypsum was called 'Padre de la sal', while potassium sulphate ('potash') was called 'Padre de la sal'. 3 Jonathan May was the Beagle's carpenter. [page 16b
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CUL-DAR36.425-426
Correspondence:
Alison Robert Edward to Darwin Charles Robert
[1834][.06.00?]
Alison Robert Edward to Darwin Charles Robert
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [425] The pretil or sea-wall of Valparaiso which runs from Cruz de Reyes to the Arsenal was built about 1680 and was of very considerable elevation, but the sea during northers broke over it and washed the houses on the opposite side of the way at the foot of an old fort on the present site of the prison, up to the year 1817— An old Spaniard of the name of Jose Padin who at present is master mason to the builder of the Custom House, arrived in
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CUL-DAR73.53-58
Abstract:
[Undated]
Roulin `Mem presentes par divers savans a l'Acad Royale des Sci' 6 1835: 324
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p. 223 clearly selection applied to c[illeg] good Hogs of Florida. Selection applied to Carpenter says cannot live in Paramos or cold region. 5
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CUL-DAR36.420-422
Note:
1835.04.00--1835.12.00
Geological diary: Valparaiso (appendix to p. 47)
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for me. There is now standing a very small part (almost concealed) of the Pretil or sea wall of Valparaiso, which runs from Cruz de Reyes to the Arsenal: it was built about 1680 was of very considerable elevation; but up to the year 1817 the sea broke over it during the [illeg] washed the houses on the opposite side of the way (at the foot of an old Fort on the present site of the Prison) up to the year 1817. Mr John Martin, a ship carpenter of this place, mentions that in 1819 he has walked at
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F1645
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1837. Observations of proofs of recent elevation on the coast of Chili, made during the survey of His Majesty's Ship Beagle commanded by Capt. FitzRoy R.N. [Read 4 January] Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 2: 446-449.
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Martin, a ship carpenter of Valparaiso, remembers walking in 1819 on the beach at the foot of this wall, and he has been frequently obliged to climb up to the street to avoid the sea. This wall is now separated from the bay by two rows of houses, but a portion of what * See note* in the preceding page. 1 Robert Edward Alison (1803-1866), English author and resident of Valparaiso and later managing director of a Chilean mining company who wrote on South American affairs. Darwin cites documents
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Mr J. Kennedy 46 Lincoln's Inn John L. Kennedy Esq., Irish barrister. Mr Kay 4 Albany Untraced. Leonard Mr 83 Upper Stamford St. Waterloo Road Samuel William Leonard (c.1778-1873), painter and lithographer who created illustrations of objects as seen through the microscope. This entry comes from Darwin's request in Darwin to W. B. Carpenter [Oct.–Dec. 1846]. Correspondence vol. 3. In late 1846 Darwin still planned to publish descriptions of marine invertebrates from the Beagle voyage as
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Carpenter Dr 1 Clarence Terrace, Albion Rd. Stoke Newington 6 Regent's Park Terrace Gloucester Gate 8 Queens Road W. Regents Park N.W. William Benjamin Carpenter (1813-1885), invertebrate zoologist, and physiologist. Conrad. T. A. Esq 104 Arch St. Philadelphia U.S. Timothy Abbott Conrad (1803-1877), American geologist and malacologist. Cowtan Mr Robert Library Brit. Mus. London. Robert Cowtan (1817-1893), assistant in the Library of the British Museum. Not known in any other Darwin document
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [97] Sillimans J. vol 34 p. 202. In Louisiana in same stratified bed teeth of Mastodon of horse. The latter larger than the existing species, whereas all those described by Cuvier are smaller slight deviations in the festoons of cranial, but not more than sometimes occur in living horses. [W. M. Carpenter. 1838. Interesting fossils in Louisiana. American journal of science and art, vol. 34: 201-203
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F273
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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those in oolitic rocks, but not having a concentric structure), united by a cement which is often crystalline. In some, Dr. Carpenter can perceive distinct traces of shells, corals, Polythalamia, and rarely of spongoid bodies. For the sake of comparison, I sent Dr. Carpenter specimens of the calcareous rock, formed chiefly of fragments of recent shells, from Coquimbo in Chile: in one of these specimens, Dr. Carpenter finds, besides the larger fragments, microscopical particles of shells, and a
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CUL-DAR74.130-131
Abstract:
[Undated]
[references incomplete]; Zuccarini; Storer; Rigand `American Journal of Science and Arts' 2d ser. 1 1846: 247ff; 2: 135; 145; 289
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [130] 21 (1 Silliman American Journal of Sciences. Second Series vol. I. 1846 p 247 Fossil Tapir Carpenter, William M. 1846. Remarks on some fossil bones recently brought to New Orleans from Tennessee and from Texas. American Journal of Science and Arts 2d ser. 1: 244-250. p 321 H. Hale on migrations in the Pacific (of U. States Expedition) Man from Caroline Arch. driven on the Radark chain nearly 1500 miles E. Beechy [found] natives on Barrow Isd 600
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F273
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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-water origin. Of the thirteen Phytolitharia, nine are met with in the two deposits in Bahia Blanca, where there is evidence from two other species of Polygastrica that the beds were accumulated in brackish water. The traces of corals, sponges, and polythalamia, found by Dr. Carpenter in the tosca-rock, (of which I must observe the greater number of specimens were from the upper beds in the southern parts of the formation), apparently show a more purely marine origin. At St. Fé Bajada, in Entre Rios
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F273
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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like composition, at the level of the sea and under it, at M. Hermoso in Bahia Blanca. Dr. Carpenter finds that the harder varieties of tosca-rock, collected chiefly to the south, contain marine spongoid bodies, minute fragments of shells, corals, and polythalamia; these perhaps may have been drifted inwards by the tides, from the more open parts of the sea. The absence of shells, throughout this deposit, with the exception of the uppermost layers near Buenos Ayres, is a remarkable fact: can it
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F273
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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, boulders in valley of, 64, 66 Caldcleugh, Mr. on elevation of Coquimbo, 38 on rocks of the Portillo range, 183 Callao, elevation near, 47 old town of, 51 Cape of Good Hope, metamorphic rocks of, 165 Carcharias megalodon, 129 Carpenter, Dr. on microscopic organisms, 77 Castro (Chiloe), beds near, 120 Cauquenes Baths, boulders near, 64, 66 volcanic formation near, 175 stratification near, 176 pebbles in porphyry near, 170 Caves above sea-level, 28, 31, 46 Cervus pumilis, fossil horns of, 28 Chevalier
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F1822
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1849. On the use of the microscope on board ship. In Owen, R., Zoology. In Herschel, J. F. W. ed., A manual of scientific enquiry; prepared for the use of Her Majesty's Navy: and adapted for travellers in general. London: John Murray, pp. 389-395.
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of blotting-paper), wonderfully minute objects can be dissected; needles bent at their tips are convenient for some purposes. Arm supports are useful in minute dissections; two blocks of wood with inclined surfaces, coming up a little below the level of the stage, and resting partly on the stand of the microscope, can be made by a common carpenter. As it is often rather dark in the cabins of ships, a large bull's-eye glass on a stand (such as are sold with most compound microscopes) would be
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [31] Todd Cyclop vol. 4. p 465-467 Carpenter on mind increasing checking flows of saliva — Milk in breast (face contracting vessels of skin?) Theory.— Consult —— (All supporting blushing all supposed to depend on mind or small action on their [illeg] ) (There are no thought to be secreting nerves?) Erectile tissues Todd, Robert Bentley ed. 1835-1859. The cyclopaedia of anatomy and physiology. 5 vols. in 6. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans
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. Busk, George. 1852-4. Catalogue of marine Polyzoa in the collection of the British Museum. ed. by J. E. Gray. 2 parts London. [Darwin Library-CUL Abstract in CUL-DAR71.85-6.] Carpenter, William Benjamin. 1854. Principles of comparative physiology. 4th ed. London. [Darwin Library-CUL] Desmoulins, Louis Antoine. 1822. Mémoire sur la distribution géographique des animaux vertébrés, moins les oiseaux. Journal de Physique 94: 19-61. Godron, Dominique Alexandre. 1853. Florula juvenalis. Montpellier
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F339.2
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1854. A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. etc. etc. London: The Ray Society. vol. 2.
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, venture to suppose that by their means, some degree of sensibility is given to the bristles? * I regret that I have used this term tubuli ; for the threads thus designated, I believe, are not the same with the tubuli of Dr. Carpenter, which are not left after dissolution in acid. I have seen tubuli, as called by me, in the shell from the leg of a crab, after having been placed in acid. [page] 6
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CUL-DAR45.68
Abstract:
[1855]
Carpenter `[On the fossil shells of foraminifera, called by him 'Orbitolites'.]
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [68] Dr. Carpenter in his Paper on orbitolites shows that certain vars, with calcareous external rays abound in the Philippine Seas, — that certain monstrous vars in the Aegean sea, certain forms in the Eocene strata of Paris; but that all belong to same one species.— 5 Chapt 4. Carpenter, William Benjamin. 1856. On the fossil shells of foraminifera, called by him 'Orbitolites' [Read 14 June 1855.] Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
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CUL-DAR205.6.58-59
Abstract:
[Undated]
Huxley T.H Carpenters `Physiology' `Westm Review' January 1855: 243ff
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [58] (12) Westminster R. Jan. 1855. by Huxley on Carpenter's Physiology p. 243. H objects strongly to Carpenter palæontological view He says if an old form be osculant it cannot be general with respect to the types between which it lies, compares the groups in each type to a sphere p. 244. Does not admit trilobite like embryo of crustacean is furthest from type. Disputes vehemently Agassiz view on fish: generalised only from salmon, which latter - is
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CUL-DAR46.1.24
Draft:
[Undated]
Notes for Natural selection chap. 5 'Struggle for existence' The True Law of Population / Struggle for Existence
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [24] * The True Law of Population: I have read this work, a an Article by Mr Hickson in the Westminster Foreign Quarterly Review Oct 1849, Mr Godwin on Population various other Essays written against Malthus' great work, with all the attention of which I am capable, but I cannot say that they have had any weight with me, in opposition to the few facts, given in this chapter, which could have been largely added to. I am bound to add that so eminent an
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [69] 3 Ch. 4 May 5' 1855. Dr. Carpenter in his paper on Foraminifera is going to discuss common or making species certain vars. common at old times now rare. —so also in one area in another. N. B. Here vars seem to follow same laws as species. Known to be vars. from same individual shell presenting the two variations Darwin, C. R. 8.1855. Referee report on W. B. Carpenter's manuscript On the fossil shells of foraminifera, called by him 'Orbitolites'
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RoySoc-RR3.38
Draft:
1855.08.18
Referee report of W.B. Carpenter's manuscript "On the fossil shells of foraminifera, called by him 'Orbitolites'"
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1855 Report Dr Carpenter by Mr Darwin Carpenter, William Benjamin. 1856. On the fossil shells of foraminifera, called by him 'Orbitolites' [14 June 1855]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 146: 181-236. See Correspondence vol. 5
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RoySoc-RR3.38
Draft:
1855.08.18
Referee report of W.B. Carpenter's manuscript "On the fossil shells of foraminifera, called by him 'Orbitolites'"
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of physiological importance in the memoir to justify going to a very great expence. Dr. Carpenter seems rather to overrate the novelty of connecting forms, apparently very different, by intermediate structures; though he most justly appreciates the importance of always attempting to do this, he gives, under the form of Canons, the processes which every all sound naturalists [3
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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modify the reflex action of breathing. The act of sucking in a young animal which has so often been advanced as an example of an instinct ought, perhaps to be called a reflex action; for a puppy with all the intellectual part /5/of the brain removed, the medula oblongata alone being left, sucked a finger moistened with milk placed between its lips.1 Another class of reflex actions (the sensori-motor of Carpenter) can be excited through the mind, as well as by the stimulus of certain nerves, as
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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de g n rations. M. De Candolle lays stress on making the element of descent subordinate to that of resemblance, so that the definition may be less hypothetical. But as animals plants must be here equally considered, I agree with Dr. Carpenter who gave at Glasgow to the British Association an interesting lecture on this subject,1 that descent does come in as a prominent idea. Although when speaking of the resemblance of two forms, the comparison should of course extend to all ages sexes, yet as
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Fuego, 555; C. exasperatus, C. purpurascens, and C. violaceus cross at limits of their range, 259 Cardamine pratensis, has bracts, 109 Carmichael, Dugald Species shared on Tristan d'Acunha, Kerguelen Land, and Tierra del Fuego, 563 Tame birds of Tristan d'Acunha, 495 n 1 Carpenter, William B. Contra Malthus, 89 n 2 Definition of species implies descent, 96 Egg production in Ascaris, 176 n 2 Electric organs of fishes, 363 n 4 Retina different in vertebrate and cuttlefish, 375 n 3 Same tissue
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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could be proved that the most flourishing wild animals plants, which exist in the greatest numbers in any country, from this very cause of their flourishing so much, had their fertility checked, it would be a most serious objection to the principles hereafter to be elucidated in the chapter on selection. But to me, all the facts seem to point in an opposite direction. / 1 [At the foot of the blank portion of fol. 98, Darwin pencilled the following dubiously legible memorandum: 'In carrot [?] I
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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.] Silliman's Journal. Vol. 18, p. 282. Wasp the Rev. Prof. Henslow counted 300 females in one nest in Autumn Ascaris lumbricoides, sixty-four million. Carpenter Comp. Phys. p. 590. This is the greatest number, I recollect to have seen; it is almost inconceivable. Plants Helenium 3000 seeds Linnaeus [p. 93] in Brands Amoen. Acad. vol. 2 p. 409 Zea mays 2000 Brands Amoen. Papaver 3200 Acad. vol. 2. Nicotiana 4300 p. 409 Wild carrot, (a very fine one) according to my calculations had 40,000 seeds Wild
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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) the whole alimentary canal acts of course for its proper end, but likewise in aid of the lungs, as this fish swallows air voids car-bonic acid 4 : in the larva of the Dragon-fly, water is taken into the intestine by the anus its oxygen absorbed for respiration; I may add by the violent expulsion of this water, the animal progresses./ 1 Annales des Scien. Nat. 3 series Zoolog. Tom 3. p. 264 and Introduct. Zoolog. Generale. 2 Dr. Carpenter in his admirable Principles of Comparative Physiology 4th
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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to two or three of the most distinct orders or better sub-classes of Fish.6 This curious/55/ subject of closely similar organs occurring in organic beings, which are remote, in the scale of nature, that is, according to our theory, 1 Gardeners Chronicle 1857. p. 518. 2 Philosoph. Trans 1848. p. 63. 3 Owen, Hunterian Lectures: Fish. p 217. 4 Dr. Carpenter in his Principles of Comparative Physiology (IV. Edit.) has an interesting discussion on the Electric organs of fishes: compare p. 465-470, 471
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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have been, would give 1 Owen: Hunterian Lectures, Fish. p. 214. 2 M ller Physiology p. 1117. 3 Carpenter Principles of Comp. Physiology 4th Edit. p. 730. 4 R. Brown. Transact. Linn. Soc. vol 16. p. 685. 5 Lecons de Botanique p. 448. [page] 376 DIFFICULTIES ON THE THEOR
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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. Gen ve, M m., 2 part 2 (1824), 125-43. IV, 25. 'Revue de la famille des Lythraires.' Soc. Phys. Gen ve, Mini., 3 part 2 (1826), 65-96. VII, 95. Carmichael, Dugald. 'Some account of the Island of Tristan da Cunha and of its Natural Productions.' Linn. Soc. Lond. Trans., 12 (1817), 483-513. X, 58. XI, appendix, 45. Carpenter, William B. Lecture: 'On the Character of Species', given at Glasgow meeting of Brit. Ass., 1855. See Athen. (1855), 1090. IV, 1. Principles of Comparative Physiology. 4th ed
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RoySoc-RR3.41
Draft:
1856.07.18
Second referee report of W. B. Carpenter's manuscript 'Researches on the Foraminifera'
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Carpenter 1858 by Darwi
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (1 (Ch. 4. Variability natural Definition of Species.) In this Chapter we have to discuss the variability of species in a state of nature. It would The first obvious thing to do would be to give a clear simple definition of what is meant by a species; but this has been found hopelessly difficult by naturalists, if we may judge by scarcely two having given the same. I will copy the latest most laboured definition by Alph. De Candolle (Géographic
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CUL-DAR10.1.(1-78)
Draft:
1857
'Natural selection' chapter 5 (The struggle for existence as bearing on natural selection)
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and 21,285 do Smelt 38,278 and 14,411 do Lobster 21,699 — 7,227 do Prawn 3,806 3,479 do Shrimp 6,807 4,090 do Astacus gammarus 12,440 L. Brand Amœn Acad. p. 343 Holothuria 5000 ova in one night Sir J. Dalyell Doris, 600,000— counted by myself. Journal of Researches p. 201. Bombyx mori 500. Silliman's Journal. vol. 18, p. 282. Wasp the Rev. Prof. Henslow counted 300 females in one nest in Autumn Ascaris lumbricoides, sixty-four million. Carpenter Comp. Phys. p. 590. This is the greatest number
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