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miocene plant in America. - 447 On migration in warm period subsequent to Drift. 47 Spencer Bate 589 On Land-crab Cray-fish not undergoing metamorphosis very interesting subject – Metamorphosis quite gradual in [illeg] with change of important impact 602 Bate, Charles Spence. 1857. On the development of decapod Crustacea. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 148: 589-605. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 47] PDF - 593 On all Crust. being hermaphrodite
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. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 26: 217-226. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 187] PDF p. 5 on range of C. Livia 188 St. Bate p 9. On Crustacean having rudiment of both sexes. Bate, Charles Spence. 1858. On Praniza and Anceus, and their affinity to each other. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser. 2: 165-172, pls. VI-VII. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 188] PDF 189 Newman p 5765 On barren Lepidoptera (for Hybrid intercrossing Chapter) Newman, Edward. 1857. A word on the Pseudogynous
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [B133] a) Kirby S. Vol. 3. p. 342 The law is that the male shall seek the female. It is not a little remarkable that throughout animal K. as fast as known the males seek the female, we know this in higher animals, with birds though they do not in some cases actually seek them, they attract them. With insects it is the law c we see this in many females in all classes being apterous or even unable to walk, in males being furnished with far more highly
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chemists, 146 Holborn Bars. C. S. Bate Esq 8 Mulgrove Place Plymouth.— Charles Spence Bate (1819-1889), dentist and science writer. Boccius The Terrace. Hammersmith. Fish ova Gottlieb Boccius, author who sold apparatus for breeding and rearing fish in the 1840s and 1850s. Not mentioned in any other known Darwin document. Baily Mr J. 113 Mount St Beo Grosvenor Sqr John Baily Son, dealers, breeders, and importers of poultry, pigeons and other birds. Advertising from this address 1848-1876. Baker 3
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CUL-DAR50.E48
Abstract:
[Undated]
Liljeborg `Annals and Magazine of Natural History' 3d ser. 7 1861: 231
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [E48] Annals Mag. of Nat. Hist. (3rd Series) Vol. 7. 1861. p. 231. Prof. Liljeborg states that in a deep lake in Sweden 400 to 500 fathoms Gammarus laricatus which is an Arctic Species has been found, so that this Crust: has changed from marine to fresh water has been left as the Prof. suggests during the retreat of the glacial period. This lake Wettern lies in South Sweden parallel with N. Scotland. C. Spence Bate confirms that this crust is strictly
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F339.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1851 [=1852]. A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Lepadidæ; or, pedunculated cirripedes. London: The Ray Society. vol. 1
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the difference in the two families, instead of to the stage of development. Burmeister* first showed, and the discovery is an important one, that in Lepas the larvæ pass through two totally different stages. This has subsequently been proved by implication to be the case in Balanus, by Goodsir,† who has given excellent drawings of the larva in the first stage; and quite lately, Mr. C. Spence Bate, of Swansea, has made other detailed observations and drawings of the larvæ of five species in
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F339.2
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1854. A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. etc. etc. London: The Ray Society. vol. 2.
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, Spermatozoa (copied from Mr. C. Spence Bate, in 'Annals and Mag. of Natural History' (S. 2), vol. viii, Pl. VIII). (a), of Verruca Strömia, in an early condition. (b), of Balanus balanoides, more mature. (c), of Balanus perforatus, apparently mature. 8, Larva of Scalpellum vulgare, immediately after coming out of the egg, seen on the ventral surface (letters of reference given below). 9, Larva of Balanus balanoides, immediately after coming out of the egg, seen on the ventral surface, copied from Mr. C
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F339.2
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1854. A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. etc. etc. London: The Ray Society. vol. 2.
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, being equal only to once and a half the length of the pedicel of the sixth * 'Annales des Sciences Naturelles,' (2d series), tom. xix, p. 348. Kölliker refers to Wagner's paper on the same subject, in Wiegmann's 'Archiv,' 1835, part ii, pl. iii, fig. 9. He also refers to Von Siebold's observations. Mr. C. Spence Bate has figured, in the 'Annals and Magazine of Natural History' (vol. viii, 2d series, 1851), the spermatozoa of Balanus balanoides, perforatus, and of Verruca (Clitia) Strömia, and
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F339.2
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1854. A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. etc. etc. London: The Ray Society. vol. 2.
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Expedition,' p. 1386), that he knows of no instance of a mandible becoming so completely a leg, as to lose wholly the mandibular function even of its basal portion. † 'Annales des Sciences Naturelles,' 2d series, tom, xix, 1843, p. 34. M. Joly's observations were made on the Caridina. I owe to the great kindness of Mr. C. Spence Bate, an examination of some larvæ of the allied genus [page] 10
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F339.2
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1854. A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. etc. etc. London: The Ray Society. vol. 2.
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inch in length; they appeared loose and not attached, as in the Lepadidæ, to any ovigerous fræna. The ova, in their earliest age, have one end much pointed, and are 8/1000ths of an inch in length; they become blunter and increase a little in size before the larvæ burst forth. The larvæ, both during their earliest stage and after the first moult, have been excellently figured and described* by Mr. C. Spence Bate: they present no particular characters distinct from the larvæ of other Cirripedes. I
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Man 8vo. Pamph. (188) Spence Bate — (p. 9) on crustaceans having rudiments of both sexes. — Bate, Charles Spence. 1857. On the development of decapod Crustacea. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 148: 589-605. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 47] PDF Bate, Charles Spence. 1858. On Praniza and Anceus, and their affinity to each other. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser. 2: 165-172, pls. VI-VII. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 188] PD
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Rolle P. Oscar Schmid Hochschule Graz Virchow H. Müller, Lippstadt (Murray's copy) French Edit Self M. Camille Dareste, Lille Quatref ages Naudin, Jardin du Plantes AI. Gaudry 12 R. Taranne Paris Prof Ernest Faivre Lyon. France [2 words illeg] 2d Edit 1 Self 2 George Darwin 3 W. S. Dallas 4. Lettington 5 F. Müller 6 F. Darwin 7 R. M'Lachlan 8 C. Spence Bate 9 J. Jenncr Weir 10 Stanton. 14. Boccardo 11 Asa Gray 12 Bartlett 13 American Edition 14 Canestrini for Italian Translation 14
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CUL-DAR81.154
Abstract:
[1868--1871]
Bate C.S `Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London' 1868: 363
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [154] Proc. Z. Soc. 1868 p. 363. C. Spence Bate on a freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium) ?? with 2nd pr of legs in male longer than the entire length of the animal. [Remainder in Darwin's hand:] (See last no of Z. Proc) (Crustacea) (Used) Bate, Charles Spence. 1868. On a new genus, with four new species, of freshwater prawns. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 36 no. 2 (28 May): 363-368, pls. XXX-XXXI. [CUL-DAR.LIB.PER-U1387] PDF Darwin
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CUL-DAR81.150
Draft:
[1868-1871]
Fritz Muller suspects that the one large pincer of Gelasimus may serve / Draft of Descent 1: 331.
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [150] (XX) Fritz Muller suspects that the one large pincer of Gelasimus may serve for fighting, as when several males are imprisoned together in a glass they often kill or mutilate each other. On the other hand, see C. Spence Bate [150v
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Wallace W. D. Fox E. A. Darwin Bates Gunther H. Wedgwood Hooker Galton Jos. Wedgwood Huxley St G. Mivart Lubbock Cupples ✓M'Lennan Lyell Sir H Holland Crotch Gould Jenner Weir ✓ Dr. Crichton Browne E. Blyth Bartlett ✓Dr Ogle Tegetmeier Anthropology Soc Dr Farr ✓Sclater Royal Soc. Rev F. W. Farrer Rolleston E. Ray Lankester ✓F. Smitt Prof. Claus Woolner Dr Murie Prof. Turner Flower ✓Salvin ✓H. Spencer Finished Chauncey C. Spence Bate Wright MacLachlan Boyd Dawkins Cost 16s 25 for 24 copies 32
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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of moulting, she could then be seized with impunity. Fritz M ller states that certain species of Melita are 6 See a paper by Mr. C. Spence Bate, with figures, in 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.' 1868, p. 363; and on the nomenclature of the genus, ibid. p. 585. I am greatly indebted to Mr. Spence Bate for nearly all the above statements with respect to the chel of the higher crustaceans. 7 'Hist. Nat. des Crust.' tom. ii. 1837, p. 50. [page] 33
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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. With respect to colour which so often differs in the two sexes of animals belonging to the higher classes, Mr. Spence Bate does not know of any well-marked instances with our British crustaceans. In some cases, however, the male and female differ slightly in tint, but Mr. Bate thinks not more than may be accounted for by their different habits of life, such as by the male wandering more about and being thus more exposed to the light. In a curious Bornean crab, which inhabits sponges, Mr. Bate
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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In the higher crustaceans the anterior legs form a pair of chel or pincers, and these are generally larger in the male than in the female. In many species the chel on the opposite sides of the body are of unequal size, the right-hand one being, as I am informed by Mr. C. Spence Bate, generally, though not invariably, the largest. This inequality is often much greater in the male than in the female. The two chel also often differ in structure (figs. 4 and 5), the smaller one resembling those of
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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the possession of the females, but this is probable; for with most animals when the male is larger than the female, he seems to have acquired his greater size by having conquered during many generations other males. Now Mr. Spence Bate informs me that in most of the crustacean orders, especially in the highest or the Brachyura, the male is larger than the female; the parasitic genera, however, in which the sexes follow different habits of life, and most of the Entomostraca must be excepted. The
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F1065.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. Die Abstammung des Menschen und die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl. Translated by J. V. Carus. 2 vols. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart. Volume 1.
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Brasilianischen Amphipoden (Orchestia Darwinii, Fig. 7), welcher ähnlich wie Tanais einen Fall von Dimorphismus darbietet; es finden sich hier nämlich zwei männliche Formen, welche in der Structur ihrer Scheeren von einander abweichen 8. Da Scheeren einer der beiden Formen ganz 6 s. einen Aufsatz von C. Spence Bat e mit Abbildungen in: Proceed. Zool. Soc. 18G8, p. 363 und über die Nomenclatur der Gattung ebenda p. 585. Ich bin Herrn Spence Bäte für fast alle die oben erwähnten Angaben in Bezug auf
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F1065.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. Die Abstammung des Menschen und die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl. Translated by J. V. Carus. 2 vols. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart. Volume 1.
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296 Geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl. II. The iL Weibchen. Bei vielen Species sind die Scheeren auf den entgegengesetzten Seiten des Körpers von ungleicher Grösse, wobei, wie mir Mr. C. Spence Bäte mittheilt, die der rechten Seite meistens, wenn auch nicht unabänderlich, die grössten sind. Diese Ungleichheit ist oft beim Männchen viel bedeutender als beim Weibchen. Auch weichen die beiden Scheeren oft Fig. i. Yordertheil des Körpers von CalUanassa (nach Milm-Edwards), die ungleich und vorschieden
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F1065.1
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Darwin, C. R. 1871. Die Abstammung des Menschen und die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl. Translated by J. V. Carus. 2 vols. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart. Volume 1.
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Cap. 9. Secundäre Scxualcharactere der Crustaceen. 299 Männchen grösser als das Weibchen ist; dabei müssen indessen die parasitischen Gattungen, wo die beiden Geschlechter verschiedene Lebensweisen haben, und die meisten Entomostraken ausgenommen werden. Die Scheeren vieler Crustaceen sind Waffen, welche für einen Kampf wohl geeignet sind. So sah ein Sohn des Mr. Spence Bäte, wie eine Krabbe, Portunus puber, mit einer andern, Carduus maenas kämpfte, wobei es nicht lange dauerte, bis die
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F1065.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. Die Abstammung des Menschen und die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl. Translated by J. V. Carus. 2 vols. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart. Volume 1.
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in der Xähe liegen und da sie augenscheinlich dachte, dass diese gleichfalls hinein rollen könnten, schleppte sie auch diese auf die Stelle, wo sie die erste hingebracht hatte. Ich meine es dürfte schwer sein, diese Handlung von einer zu unterscheiden, die der Mensch mit Hülfe der Vernunft ausführt. Was die Färbung betrifft, welche so oft in den beiden Geschlechtern bei Thieren der höheren Gassen verschieden ist, so kennt Mr. Spence Bäte kein irgend scharf ausgesprochenes Beispiel einer solchen
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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apparently with Batrachians. Throughout the enormous class of insects, as Kirby remarks,11 the law is, that the male shall seek the female. With spiders and crustaceans, as I hear from two great authorities, Mr. Blackwall and Mr. C. Spence Bate, the males are more active and more erratic in their habits than the females. With insects and crustaceans, when the organs of sense or locomotion are present in the one sex and absent in the other, or when, as is frequently the case, they are more highly
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F1065.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. Die Abstammung des Menschen und die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl. Translated by J. V. Carus. 2 vols. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart. Volume 1.
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Organe gewisse specielle, aber beinahe gleiche Vortheile erlangten. Es ist nicht bekannt, dass männliche Crustaceen um den Besitz der Weibchen mit einander kämpfen, doch ist dies wahrscheinlich; denn es gilt für die meisten Thiero, dass, wenn das Männchen grösser ist als das Weibchen, ersteres seine bedeutende Grösse dadurch erlangt hat, dass es viele Generationen hindurch andere Männchen besiegt hat. Nun thoilt mir Mr. Spence Bäte mit, dass in den meisten Ordnungen der Crustaceen und besonders
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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latter genus, 63 specimens caught the same day, included 57 males; but he suggests that this preponderance may be due to some unknown difference in the habits of the two sexes. With one of the higher Brazilian crabs, namely a Gelasimus, Fritz M ller found the males to be more numerous than the females. The reverse seems to be the case, according to the large experience of Mr. C. Spence Bate, with six common British crabs, the names of which he has given me. On the Power of Natural Selection to
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F1065.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. Die Abstammung des Menschen und die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl. Translated by J. V. Carus. 2 vols. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart. Volume 1.
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bei Alligatoren und, wie es scheint, auch bei Batrachiern der Fall. Durch die ungeheure Classe der Insecten hindurch herrscht, wie Kirby bemerkt11, »das Gesetz, dass das Männchen das Weibchen aufzusuchen hat. Wie ich von zwei bedeutenden Autoritäten, Mr. Blackwall und Mr. C. Spekce Bäte, höre, sind unter den Spinnen und Crustaceen die Männchen lebendiger und in ihrer Lebensweise herumschweifender als die AVeibcheu. Wenn bei Insecten und Crustaceen die Sinnes- oder Locomotionsorgane in dem einen
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F1065.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. Die Abstammung des Menschen und die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl. Translated by J. V. Carus. 2 vols. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart. Volume 1.
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Cap. 8. Zahleuverkitltnisse der Geschlechter. 28.3 der reichen Erfahrung des Mr. Spence Bäte scheint hei sechs gemeinen Britischen Krabben, deren Namen er mir mitgetheilt hat, das Umgekehrte der Fall zu sein. Ueber das Vermögen der natürlichen Zuchtwahl die proportionalen Zahlen der Geschlechter zu reguliren und über Allgemeine Fruchtbarkeit. — In einigen besonderen Fällen kann ein Ueberwiegen des einen Geschlechts au Zahl über das andere für eine Species von grossem Vortheile sein; dies ist z
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F944
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.
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in fighting with his rivals; but this will not account for their Fig. 5. Anterior part of body of Callianassa (from Milne-Edwards), showing the unequal and differently-constructed right and left-hand chel of the male. N.B The artist by mistake has reversed the drawing, and made the left-hand chela the largest. Fig. 6. Second leg of male Orchestia Tucuratinga (from Fritz M ller). Fig. 7. Ditto of female. 10 See a paper by Mr. C. Spence Bate, with figures, in 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.' 1868, p. 363; and
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F1050.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1874. Menneskets Afstamning og Parringsvalget. Translated by J. P. Jacobsen. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. Volume 1.
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haarde Skal, paa hvilket Tidspunkt den er saa bl d, at den vilde tage Skade, dersom den blev grebet af Hannens st rke Griberedskaber; men da den fanges og 1) Jevnf r en Afhandling af Hr. C. Spence Bate, med Figurer, i »Proc. Zoolog. Soc«, 1868, S. 363, og Sl gtens Nomenklatur ibid. S. 585. Jeg er Hr. Spence Bate stor Tak skyldig for n sten alle de ovenfor anf rte Bem rkninger om de h jere Krebsdyrs Kl er. 2) »Hist. Nat. des Crust«, Tom. II, 1837, S. 50. [page] 83
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F1050.1
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Darwin, C. R. 1874. Menneskets Afstamning og Parringsvalget. Translated by J. P. Jacobsen. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. Volume 1.
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Tang. I en anden Familie ere de lavere eller bageste P lehorn »b jede besynderligt i Zigzag« hos Hannen alene. Hos de h jere Krebsdyr ere de forreste af de egenlige Ben omdannede til et Par Griberedskaber, som i Almindelighed er st rre hos Hannerne end hos Hunnerne. Hos mange Arter ere de ligeover hinanden siddende Griberedskaber ulige store, saaledes at det h jre, efter hvad Hr. C. Spence Bate har meddelt mig, i Almindelighed, skj ndt Fig. 4. Den forreste Del af Legemet af en Callianassa
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F1050.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1874. Menneskets Afstamning og Parringsvalget. Translated by J. P. Jacobsen. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. Volume 1.
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. Jeg synes, at det er vanskeligt at skjelne denne Handling fra de Handlinger, vi Mennesker udf re ved Fornuftens Hj lp. Hvad angaaer. Farven, der saa ofte er forskjellig hos de to Kj n hos Dyr, der h rer til de h jere Klasser, saa har Hr. Spence Bate ikke truffet udpr gede Exenipler herpaa blandt de britiske Krebsdyr. I nogle Tilf lde er der imidlertid lidt Forskjel paa Hannernes og Hunnernes Farvetone, men Hr. Bate synes ikke, at det er mere, end hvad der kan forklares ved deres forskjellige
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F1050.1
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Darwin, C. R. 1874. Menneskets Afstamning og Parringsvalget. Translated by J. P. Jacobsen. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. Volume 1.
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varieret paa en Maade, Nogle paa en anden, idet begge Former have vundet s regne, men n sten ens, Fordele ved de omtalte Redskabers forskjellige Uddannelse. Man kjender ikke Noget til, at Krebsehannerne k mpe sammen om Hunnerne, men det er sandsynligt; thi hos de fleste Dyr, hvor Hannen er st rre end Hunnen, synes han at have erhvervet sin Overlegenhed i St rrelse ved mange Generationer igjennem at have overvundet mange Hanner. Nu meddeler Hr. Spence Bate mig, at i de fleste Krebseordener, s rlig
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F944
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Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.
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chel or pincers; and these are generally larger in the male than in the female, so much so that the market value of the male edible crab (Cancer pagurus), according to Mr. C. Spence Bate, is five times as great as that of the female. In many species the chel are of unequal size on the opposite side of the body, the right-hand one being, as I am informed by Mr. Bate, generally, though not invariably, the largest. This inequality is also often much greater in the male than in the female. The two
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F1050.1
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Darwin, C. R. 1874. Menneskets Afstamning og Parringsvalget. Translated by J. P. Jacobsen. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. Volume 1.
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deres Fjerpragt, danse s lsomme Danse og lade deres Toner h re. Hos de faa Fisk, man har iagttaget, synes Hannen at v re meget ivrigere end Hunnen; dette gj lder ogsaa om Alligatorerne og tilsyneladende ligeledes om Padderne. Overalt i hele den uhyre store Insektklasse, siger Kirby1), »er Reglen, at Hannen skal s ge Hunnen«. To saa store Avtoriteter som D'Hrr. Blackwall og C. Spence Bate have meddelt mig, at hos Edderkoppene og Krebsene ere Hannerne mere virksomme og mere udskejende i deres S
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F944
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Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.
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.' tom. ii. 1837, p. 50. 12 Mr. C. Spence Bate, 'Brit. Assoc., Fourth Report on the Fauna of S. Devon.' 13 Fritz M ller, 'Facts and Arguments for Darwin,' 1869, pp. 25 28. [page] 26
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F944
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.
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authorities, Mr. Blackwall and Mr. C. Spence Bate, tell me that the males of spiders and crustaceans are more active and more erratic in their habits than the females. When the organs of sense or locomotion are present in the one sex of insects and crustaceans and absent in the other, or when, as is frequently the case, they are more highly developed in the one than in the other, it is, as far as I can discover, almost invariably the male which retains such organs, or has them most developed; and this
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F944
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Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.
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the higher Brazilian crabs, namely a Gelasimus, Fritz M ller found the males to be more numerous than the females. According to the large experience of Mr. C. Spence Bate, the reverse seems to be the case with six common British crabs, the names of which he has given me. The proportion of the sexes in relation to natural selection. There is reason to suspect that in some cases man has by selection indirectly influenced his own sex-producing powers. Certain women tend to produce during their
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F1050.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1874. Menneskets Afstamning og Parringsvalget. Translated by J. P. Jacobsen. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. Volume 1.
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stylid og Cypridina. Saaledes var der hos en Art af den sidste Sl gt af 63 Individer, der vare fangede paa en Dao-57 Hanner; men han formoder, at denne Hannernes Overv gt maa skyldes en eller anden ubekjendt Forskjellighed i de to Kj ns Levevis. Hos en af de h jere brasilianske Krabber nemlig en Gelasimus, fandt Fritz Muller Hannerne langt talrigere end Hunnerne. Det Omvendte synes if lge Hr. C. Spence Bate, der har stor Erfaring i saa Henseende, at v re Tilf ldet med seks almindelige britiske
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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Catalogues (British Museum) 102 Amphiopodus Crustacea. By C. S. Bate. 8° 1862. [Bate, C. Spence. See British Museum. Catalogue of the specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea.] 18 Birds of the Tropical Islands. By G. Gray. 8° 1859. 96 British Hymenoptera. By F. Smith. 12° 1855. 85 Chiroptera. By G. E. Dobson. 8vo. London, 1878. 102 Coleopterous Insects of Madeira. By T. Wollaston 8° 1857. [Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira. . . By T. Vernon Wollaston. 8vo. London.] 8
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von Nachkommen hinterlassen haben. Ein anderer Brasilianischer Amphi- pode (Orchesthi Darwinü, Fig. 8) bietet ähnlich wie Timms einen Fall von Dimorphismus dar; es finden sich nämlich hier zwei männ- 10 s. einen Aufsatz von C. Spence Bäte mit Abbildungen in: Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 3G3 und über die Nomenclatur der Gattung ebenda p. 585. Ich bin Herrn Spence Bäte für fast alle die oben erwähnten Angaben in Bezug auf die Scheeren der höheren Crustaceen ausserordentlich verbunden. Histoire
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die Ungleichheit beim Männchen viel bedeutender ist als beim Weibchen; und warum sie, auch wenn sie von gleicher Grösse sind, oft beide beim Männchen viel grösser sind als beim Weibchen, ist unbekannt. Die Scheeren sind zuweilen von solcher Länge und Grösse, dass sie, wie ich von Mr. Spence Bäte höre, unmöglich dazu benutzt werden können, Nahrung zum Munde zu führen. Bei den Männchen gewisser Süsswasser-Garneelen Palaemon) The ComDlete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page break
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unterscheiden, die der Mensch mit Hülfe der Vernunft ausführt. Was die Färbung betrifft, welche so oft in den beiden Geschlech- tern bei Thieren der höheren Classen verschieden ist, so kennt Mr. Spence Bäte kein irgend scharf ausgesprochenes Beispiel einer solchen Verschiedenheit bei den Englischen Crnstaceen. Indessen weichen in einigen Füllen Männchen und Weibchen unbedeutend in der Schattinmg ab; doch hält Mr. Bäte diese Verschiedenheit nicht für grösser, als durch die verschiedenen Lebensgewohnheiten
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Cap. B. Das relative Verhältniss der Geschlechter. 335 Mr. Spence Bäte scheint bei sechs geraeinen Britischen Krabben, deren Namen er-mir mitgetheilt hat, das Umgekehrte der Fall zu sein. Das relative Verhältniss der Geschlechter in Bezug auf natürliche Zuchtwahl. Wir haben Grund zu vermuthen, dass der Mensch in manchen Fällen durch Zuchtwahl indirect sein eignes, geschlechterzeugendes Vermögen verloren hat. Gewisse Frauen neigen dazu, während ihres ganzen Lebens mehr Kinder des einen
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Fasse (b) auf derselben Seite des Körpers in eine Scheere verwandelt. Bei einer andern Familie sind die unteren oder hinteren Antennen nur bei den Männchen in merkwürdiger Weise zickzack- förmig gebildet . Bei den höheren Crustaceen bilden die vordem Füsse ein Paar Zangen oder Scheeren und diese sind allgemein beim Mannchen grösser als beim Weibchen, — und zwar so bedeutend, dass der Marktpreis der männlichen essbaren Krabbe (Cancer jhi }hm.s) nach Mr. C. Spence Bäte fünfmal so hoch ist als der
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. Spence Bäte, höre, sind unter den Spinnen und Crustaceen die Männ- chen lebendiger und in ihrer Lebensweise herumschweifender als die Weibchen. Wenn bei Insecten und Crustaceen die Sinnes- oder Loco- motionsorgane in dem einen Geschlechte vorhanden sind, in dem andern dagegen fehlen, oder wenn sie, wie es häufig der Fall ist, in dem einen Geschlechte höher entwickelt sind als in dem andern, so ist es beinahe unabänderlich, soweit ich es nachweisen kann, das Männchen, welches derartige Organe
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male in fighting with his rivals; but this will not account for their Fig. 5. Anterior part of body of Callianassa (from Milne-Edwards), showing the unequal and differently-constructed right and left-hand chelæ of the male. N.B—The artist by mistake has reversed the drawing and made the left-hand chela the largest. Fig. 6. Second leg of male Orchestia Tucuratinga (from Fritz Müller). Fig. 7. Ditto of female. 10 See a paper by Mr. C. Spence Bate, with figures, in 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.' 1868, p. 363
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into chelæ or pincers; and these are generally larger in the male than in the female,—so much so that the market value of the male edible crab (Cancer pagurus), according to Mr. C. Spence Bate, is five times as great as that of the female. In many species the chelæ are of unequal size on the opposite side of the body, the right-hand one being, as I am informed by Mr. Bate, generally, though not invariably, the largest. This inequality is also often much greater in the male than in the female. The
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.' tom. ii. 1837, p. 50. 12 Mr. C. Spence Bate, 'Brit. Assoc., Fourth Report on the Fauna of S. Devon.' 13 Fritz Müller, 'Facts and Arguments for Darwin,' 1869, pp. 25-28. [page] 26
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authorities, Mr. Blackwall and Mr. C. Spence Bate, tell me that the males of spiders and crustaceans are more active and more erratic in their habits than the females. When the organs of sense or locomotion are present in the one sex of insects and crustaceans and absent in the other, or when, as is frequently the case, they are more highly developed in the one than in the other, it is, as far as I can discover, almost invariably the male which retains such organs, or has them most developed; and this
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