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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 41 (2 Linnean Journal [Zoology, 1858] vol. 2. continued p. 52, 59 Ants [Smith, Frederick. 1857-1858. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 2 (6-7): 42-130, pls. 1-2. Text PDF] - p. 136 Sclater on Distribution of Birds, important Sclater, Philip Lutley. 1858. On the general geographical distribution of the
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CUL-DAR75.157
Abstract:
[1809--1882.04.00]
Abstract of `Transactions of the Entomological Society' ns 5; 3d ser. 1-5
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [157] (3 Transactions of Entomolog. Soc. (Before this all references at end of each vol. then marked with X) Vol. V. New Series Part I. p. 2 Bates on pairing of all similar dissimilar vars. [Henry W. Bates. Notes on South American Butterflies.] Part 5. (p. 73 Proc.) Waterhouse on one species varying greatly anther closely allied not so. (p. 85) on use of tomentum on leaves preventing [cucues] — On [illeg] detecting differences in closely allied
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CUL-DAR75.127-135
Abstract:
[1809--1882.04.00]
[index to references concerning] `[Ch] 7 Variation under Nature'
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.] 4to Pamphlet no. 90 p. 6 Marcusen states that the Branchiostoma [illeg] or Amphioxus Lanceolatus of Janell has [illeg] / eye [illeg] 2. Transact Linn. Soc. Vol. 25 Part. I. Wallace on Malay Lepidoptera Much grand [matter], on c c Polymorphism. Local vars. p. 20 [Mimatus] forms — grand Paper, full of facts Laws Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1865. On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan Region. Transactions of the Linnean Society of
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Stainton — confined localities of Butterflies — Machaon inhabiting different sites in England Germany [Stainton, Henry Tibbats.] 1859. Localities of species. Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer 7: 17-18. (whole issue) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 178] PDF 179 Sclater Wallace on nos. of sp of Birds c square mile Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1859. Letter from Mr. Wallace concerning the geographical distribution of birds. Ibis 1 (4): 449-454. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 179] Text Image (cover sheet) PDF
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Electrical organ of Torpedo. McDonnell, Robert. 1862. On the organs which in the common ray are homologous with the electrical organs of the torpedo. Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Dublin 7: 200-203. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 258] PDF 259 Wallace on distribution of Birds in Malay Arch World Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1859. Letter from Mr. Wallace concerning the geographical distribution of birds. Ibis 1 (4): 449-454. CUL-DAR133.9.1 / [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 259] Text Image
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. Suecica gave good definition of Highness. Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de. 1863. Principes de zooclassie ou classification des animaux. Paris: Roret. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 328] PDF 329 Wallace on phys. geography. Distribution in Malay Arch. Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1863. On the physical geography of the Malay Archipelago. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 33: 217-234, 1 map. [inscribed offprint] CUL-DAR133.10.1 /[Darwin Pamphlet Collection 329] Text Image PDF 330 Walsh on
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CUL-DAR75.137-144
Abstract:
[1809--1882.04.00]
[index to references concerning] `Laws of Variation: Nature'
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 137 1. 9) Laws of Variation: Nature A means for vol. on Domestication. Linnean Journ vol IV. Supplements Bentham p. 22 var. analogous to difference in sections of genus Babington Bot. p. 120 analogous vars in 2 sp of Lepigonum in 2 sp pr vars. of Spergula Lyell told me that every variation in number of bands in being without bands occur in Helix hortensis nemoralis, which, I think, must be called species Gardeners Chron 1844 151 variation in leaves
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. 17: 375-381. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 373] PDF 375 Wallace on abundance rarity of pigeons depending on presence of monkeys squirrels on their distribution in Malay archipelago Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1865. On the pigeons of the Malay Archipelago. Ibis n.s. 1 (4): 365-400, pl. 9. CUL-DAR133.11.1 /[Darwin Pamphlet Collection 375][inscribed offprint] Text Image PDF 377 Packard on distribution during glacial period Packard, Alpheus Spring Jr. 1866. Results of observations on the drift phenomena of
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [87] (25 Abstract of 8vo Pamphlets 1111 Schomburgh, naturalized Plants in S. America, list of. Schomburgk, Richard. 1875. The flora of South Australia. From the Handbook of South Australia. Adelaide: W. C. Cox. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 1111] PDF 1113 Nathusius — has found Leporides fertile Bruggemann, Friedrich. 1876. [Review of] Ueber die sogenannten Leporiden von Nathusius. Jena. (from: Jenaische Literatur-Zeitung) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection
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CUL-DAR75.47
Abstract:
[1809--1882.04.00]
Abstract of `Transactions of the Linnean Society of London' 23-28
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 47 Linnean Transactions Vol. 23 Part II 1860. p. 1. Hooker grand paper on Greenland — Glacial other Distribution. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1860. Outlines of the distribution of Arctic plants. [Read 21 June.] Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 23: 251-348. [do] Part III. 1862 p. 455 A. Murray on Relation of Beetles of Africa S. America Murray, Andrew. 1862. On the geographical relations of the coleoptera of old Calabar. [Read 6 February
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!!! — 31 Coral snake, innocuous [marks] very good 33 Mocking Birds — 34 Mammal like a squirrel to catch prey. 37 Female insects require most protection — Does he admit that in the 2 sexes that the bright colours are due to sexual selection. 38 Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1867. Mimicry, and other protective resemblances among animals. Westminster Review n.s. 32, 173 (1 July): 1-43. CUL-DAR133.13.1 /[Darwin Pamphlet Collection 423] [inscribed offprint 'Charles Darwin, with the
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [75] (13 8vo Pamphlets Abstract 427. Wallace. Philosophy of Birds nest. — good as showing in goatsucker that instinct governed by structures. Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1867. The philosophy of birds' nests. Intellectual Observer 11 (6): 413-420. CUL-DAR133.12.1/[Darwin Pamphlet Collection 427] Text Image PDF 428 Müller p. 41-58 very few insects feed on cryptogamic plants, excepting Fungi Möller, L. 1867. Die Abhängigkeit der Insecten von ihrer Umgebung
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. Distribution Pike, Nicolas. 1870. Notes on the fauna of Round Island, with special reference to the prepared case sent to H. Barkly. Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius n.s. 4: 131-135. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 136] PDF 137 Wallace measurement of Geolog. Time Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1870. The measurement of geological time. Nature 1: 399-401, 452-455. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 137] Text / Text PDF, Text PDF 138 Askenasy young of distinct sp. of
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rather to nearest to monocots. — But the 2 great groups quite distinct. 236 Wallace p. 86 acclimatization of rice in China Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1874. Acclimatisation. Encyclopedia Britannica. 9th ed. Edinburgh: Adam Charles Black, vol. 1, pp. 84-90. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 236] Text PDF 240 De Candolle — a kind of selection struggle between Buds on same tree Candolle, Alphonse de. 1875. Des effets différents d'une même température sur une même espèce au nord et au midi. Comptes
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CUL-DAR75.121
Abstract:
[1809--1882.04.00]
[index to references concerning] `Variation under Nature'
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 121 Variation under nature American Nat. Sept. 1875 p. 506 to end Review of Allen on Variability of squirrels in different geographical regions [Anon. 1875. [Review of] R. Ridgeway and J. A. Allen, Geographical variation in color among squirrels. American naturalist 9 no. 9 (September): 506-509. PDF] [do] Oct. p. 542 on variation of fossil shells same as recent shells of the same species Dr Dawson [Dawson, John William. 1875. Vice president's address
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(1874): 1-82. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 652] 654 Claperède grt difference in larvæ of allied Annelids Claparède, Édouard and Mecznikow, Elias. 1869. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Entwickelungsgeschichte der Chaetopoden. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 19: 163-205. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 654] PDF 658 Wallace address Ent. Soc 1871 p. 14 Means of Distribution of Insects excellent on the stocking of Madeira Azores. Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1871. An address read at the anniversary meeting
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und Österreichischen Alpenvereins 21: 34-41. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 731] PDF 733 Wallace, address remarks on H Spencers theory of articulate animals ie separate [illeg] — Ray Lankester has answered. Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1872. The President's address. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London : li-lxxv. CUL-DAR133.16.1 /[Darwin Pamphlet Collection 733] Text Image PDF 738 Kerner on limited power of wind to transport seeds in great distance Kerner, Anton Joseph. 1871. Der Einfluss
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [88] (26 Abstract of 8vo Pamphlets 1189 Huggins — Dog inherited fear of Butcher shop Huggins, Margaret Lindsay. 1877. Kepler - Biography of a dog. (from: Weekly Welcome: A Magazine for the Home Circle). [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 1189] [see F1757] 1193 Fayrer — on number of wild animals developed in India annually Fayrer, Joseph. [1878.] Destruction of life by wild animals and venomous snakes in India. Paper read before the Indian Section of the
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. Edinburgh: n.p. (offprint) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 110] (from: Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 9: 101-115.) PDF 112. Wallace on Disguises in Insects with wood cuts. Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1867. The disguises of insects. Hardwicke's Science-Gossip 3: 193-198. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 112] Text PDF 113 Martins on immense range of certain F. W. Plants Martins, Charles Frédéric. 1866. Mémoire sur les racines aérifères ou vessies natatoires des espèces aquatiques
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Würzburg) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 526] PDF 531 Gengenbaur on the Pterodactyl extinction of Vertebrata. Gegenbaur, Carl. 1870. Ueber das Gliedmaassenskelet der Enaliosaurier. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft 5: 332-349, pl. XIII. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 531] PDF 533 Marsh p. 5 on Cretaceous Birds in U. States Marsh, Othniel Charles. 1870. Cretaceous birds and vertebrae of reptiles. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia 22: 5-6. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection
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CUL-DAR75.113-117
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[1809--1882.04.00]
[index to references concerning] `Variation under Nature'
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 113 Variation under Nature 112 (Reviews) Hoffmann. Table [illeg] of variation of all Plants Hoffmann, Hermann. 1869. Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung des Werthes von Species und Varietät, ein Beitrag zur Kritik der Darwinischen Hypothese. Giessen: J. Ricker'sche Buchhandlung. [with quotation from Mendel 1865 on p. 52. No Darwin annotations are on this page.][Darwin Pamphlet Collection reviews 112] PDF Zoological Record 1867 p. 524 variation in tail of
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CUL-DAR75.127-135
Abstract:
[1809--1882.04.00]
[index to references concerning] `[Ch] 7 Variation under Nature'
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Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 245-314. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 254] PDF (8 Pam. 266) admirable many facts of important variation in F. W. Fishes. Jeitteles, Ludwig Heinrich. 1861. Über die Süss-wasser-Arten der Fisch-Gattung Cottus: Beitrag zu einer wiederholten Revision dieses Genus. Archivio per la zoologia, l'anatomia e la fisiologia 1: 158-177. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 266] PDF Claparède (4to Pamph. 71) number of [test [illeg] ] vary in worms, fixed in others, possesses
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Wings Lubbock, John. 1873. On the origin of insects. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 11: 422-425. Vol. XIII. Bot. no 65. p. 46 Weale on self-fertile Orchis case analogous to Ophrys Weale, James Philip Mansel. 1873. Notes on a species of Disperis found in the Hagaberg, South Africa. Communicated by Charles Darwin. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 13 (August): 42-45. PDF ― p 58. Bentham on Dichogamy of Proteaceae Bentham, George. 1873. Notes on the styles of Australian
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CUL-DAR84.2.39-45
Note:
[Undated]
(1) Are [females] of any species (get names) quite destitute of ocelli
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B. Mus. (14) Look at Chatterers or Cotingidæ, for Wallace says females almost invariably different from males [Descent 2: 177
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CUL-DAR84.2.13
Note:
[Undated]
Birds / Ceriornis American Gold-finch / Kingfishers — Halcyon pulchella
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [13] Birds Ceriornis. American Gold-finch. Kingfishers. - Halcyon pulchella - Dacelo Gaudichaudi - Ceryle. Wallace says the sexes differ in these genera
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CUL-DAR80.B17
Note:
[Undated]
Huxley says Orang very abnormal — Length of arms & dentition connect
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Huxley Interval of development of wise teeth after last molar. Size of do, relatively to others, in man Anthropomorphids— Brace on dray teeth length or size of lower jaw, relatively to head — relative size of teeth is difference— American monkey About affinities of Anthropomorpherat Gratiolet's views.— Refer Bird paper Wallac
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [140] B. Museum. Look at Chiasognathus stridulating Is Indian orange tip with underside of wings like a leaf a true Anthocaris, name? Not Anthocaris but near it — Wallace thinks not very near name is — Iphias glaucippe F. Smith — number of sexes in Hymenoptera? All females, think larva of different siz
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (25 (25 (Ch / Reptiles) Except in S. America, here no less those from genera occur, one of which Elaps is venomous, a second widely distinct genus doubtfully so venomous the two others quite venomous harmless. Hence Mr. Wallace believes that the latter genera The species belonging to these genera inhibit the same districts, they are so much alike in all separate external characters appearance, that no one but a naturalist would distinguish the
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [138] On quantity of Brain required for use of Language Chauncey Wright. American R. (155) p 295 296 - Language Brain - Man's Mental Powers. Wright, Chauncey. 1870. Limits of natural selection. [Review of] Wallace, Contributions to the theory of natural selection. North American Review 111 (October): 282-311. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection reviews 155] PDF Darwin cited this in Descent 2d ed., p. 48, n66: Limits of Natural Selection, 'North American
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CUL-DAR186.9
Note:
[Undated]
Expression queries (answers summarised by subject): dogged obstinacy
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [9] Q8. Dogged obstinacy Australia No 2. Dyson Lacy — yes — arms folded 3 Taplin — yes often seen 5 Hagenauer yes he described the expression 6 Lang yes expressly 7 Lane yes 8 Bunnett yes 9 Bulmer yes — 10 Hagenauer — yes India 13 H. Erskine yes — 14 J. Scott yes see original. Abyssinia 23 Speedy yes — 26 Kafir yes when fighting China 27 Swinhoe yes — N. America 30 Matthews yes — 31 Rottrock yes decidedly Malay 33 Wallace yes nout not certain 34 Geach
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CUL-DAR84.2.16
Note:
[Undated]
It is doubtful point whether masculine characters first appear
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [16] It is a doubtful point whether masculine characteristics first appear exclusively in male are transmitted exclusively to the male, or whether they are first transmitted equally to both sexes excluded from female through selection. I originally leaned to former view. Mr Wallace apparently rather to latter has proved it to larger extent — Rudiment in female wd seem the indicate same view, but might originate from some of the successive variations
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CUL-DAR84.2.9
Note:
[Undated]
Birds / I saw that male character for conspicuous[ness] & other reasons
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [9] Birds I saw that male character for conspicuous other reasons probable to be noticed wd be injurious to female but I was far from seeing how far this view might be extended. Wallace — The question is whether this will account for all differences ie whether male female wd have been always equally beautiful. This in itself is very improbable for we know that with pigeon Pouter — wattle colour have gone with male alone — Woodpeckers with crimson Head
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CUL-DAR45.55
Note:
[Undated]
Var under Nature & Transition / Discuss Dimorphism as in 4th Edit of
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Sexual characters, not yet Known — Here allude to summer autumn Broods of moths — Wallace but this may be case of Phytophagic variation — [Origin 4th ed., p. 50: Individuals of the same species often present great differences of structure, not directly connected with variability, as in the two sexes, as in the two or three castes of sterile females or workers amongst insects, and as in the immature and larval states of all animals. There are, however, other cases, namely of dimorphism and
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CUL-DAR72.65
Abstract:
[Undated]
Wilson `Botanical Society of Edinburgh' : 32; Magnus `Bot Verein Brandenburg' [reference incomplete]; Wallace `American Naturalist' [reference incomplete]: 161; Hollis ` Journal Anat Phys' [reference incomplete]; Hoffman `Botanische Zeitung' [reference incomplete]
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Darwin, C. R. Wilson `Botanical Society of Edinburgh' : 32; Magnus `Bot Verein Brandenburg' [reference incomplete]; Wallace `American Naturalist' [reference incomplete]: 161; Hollis `Journal Anat Phys' [reference incomplete]; Hoffman `Botanische Zeitung' [reference incomplete]. [undated] CUL-DAR72.65. Edited by John van Wyhe (The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) [65] Wilson. Bot. Soc. of Edinburgh p. 32 young Turnips plant leaves draw together at night so
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CUL-DAR53.2.90
Abstract:
[[1809.02.12--1872]]
[various] pamphlets relating to expression of the emotions
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [90] Expression of the Emotions C. D 22 8vo Pamphlets 792 Mantegazza on Pain Respiration c good 795 do do do Reviews - collection of pamphlets of Review 218 Review about Pfluyger 219 Mantegazza on Grief, but I think I have all materials, see above. 221. J. of Mental Science — Review, see, marked 226 Edinburgh R. on expression p. 523 227 Wallace - do -marked 228 St. Pauls. Mag do 231. Revue Scientifique do good 8vo Pamphlets 833 Maclay - Expression of
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(2 Abstracts of reviews of C. Darwin 145.- The Month, p. 9 Why many forms not like Giraffe. p. 11 Prehensile tail whalebone — analogy teeth of Thylacinus p. 14 dog. p. 13 Difficulty (p. 12) from manner of development of certain Diptera — Rattle-snake mammary glands p. 26 On ancient generalized forms. p. 29 Difficulties from Geograp. Distribution. p. 39 Difficulty from abhorrence of incest Henslow M= Hooker Kew Brehm 146. Quatrefages, p. 52 in herds of antelopes the rear perish from hunger p
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CUL-DAR186.4
Note:
[Undated]
Expression queries (answers summarised by subject): indignation and
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [4] Q. 3. Indignation Defiance Australia 1 Wilson yes frown holds body more erect 2 Dyson Lacy. yes not clench fists, but clutch weapon, frowns erect. 3 Taplin Rage by Müller other signs protruding lips, open eyes, [Expression, p. 247.] 5 10 Hagenauer clench fists square shoulder, not frown c 6 Lang yes partly (see answer) frowns, eyes flash. ans this about 7 Lane yes. 8 Bunnett. [Burnett] yes. 9 Bulmer long description bite lip nod head. snort pick
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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-Wallace papers at the Linnean Society on 1 July 1858, disapproved of what he heard, and wrote in his annual presidential report that the year had not 'been marked by any of those striking discoveries which at once revolutionize, so to speak, the department of science on which they bear'! A collection of CD's Beagle invertebrates stored in spirits was presented to the Zoology Museum of Cambridge University in 1870 by Francis Darwin, and was catalogued by S. F. Harmer in 1901. Harmer's identifications
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Nevertheless, he was quickly acting in many of his Zoology Notes on the strongly felt principle often quoted later on by Emma Darwin18: 'it is a fatal fault to reason whilst observing, though so necessary beforehand and so useful afterwards'; while to Wallace he wrote in 185719 'I am a firm believer that, without speculation there is no good original observation'. Although at the end of his life he wrote somewhat misleadingly in his Autobiography20 that 'My first note-book was opened in July
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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College London xvii, xxvi Uruguay 169, 175, 181, 184, 393 Uspallata Pass 286, 410 Valdes Peninsula 82 Valdivia 242, 256, 357, 358, 403, 410, 411 Valparaiso 69, 210, 235 7, 242 3, 245 7, 279, 282 3, 286, 319, 352 4, 358, 368, 391, 404 406, 408, 410 12 Victoria Museum, Melbourne 152, 159 Von Buch, Leopold 132, 135 Wallace, Alfred Russel x Wallis, Captain Samuel 102, 304 Waterhouse, George xxxii, 28, 42, 52, 68, 95, 103, 149, 166, 180 182, 210, 251, 376 Waterton, Charles 254 Wernerian Natural History
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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his theory of evolution through natural selection was at a meeting of the Linnean Society held on 1 July 1858. For an assessment of the meeting see J. W. T. Moody, 'The reading of the Darwin and Wallace papers: an historical non-event ', Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, vol. 5 (1971), p. 474-476. The resultant publication with Alfred Russel Wallace appeared under a general title as: 'On the Tendency of Species to Form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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(1967), pp. 162-163. Darwin's earliest draft of his theory was his 'Sketch' of 1842, followed by his lengthier Essay of 1844. For these see Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, Evolution by Natural Selection (with a foreword by Sir Gavin de Beer) (Cambridge, 1958). In 1856 Darwin began his longest exposition of his argument. For the reconstructed text of this version see R. C. Stauffer, ed., Charles Darwin's Natural Selection (Cambridge, 1975). The theory finally came before the public in 1858
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F1574a
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part I. First notebook [B] (July 1837-February 1838). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (2) (January): 23-73.
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Nora Barlow, London 1958, p. 120. 2 Alfred Russel Wallace, Note on the passages of Malthus's 'Principles of Population' which suggested the idea of natural selection to Darwin and myself. The Darwin and Wallace Celebration held on Thursday, I July 1908 by the Linnean Society of London, London 1908, 111-118; especially p. 117. 3 Darwin's Sketch of 1842, and Essay of 1844 are reprinted in Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace: Evolution by Natural Selection with a Foreword by Sir Gavin de Beer
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F1574d
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. de Beer, G. ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part IV, Fourth notebook [E] (October 1838-10 July 1839). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (5) (September): 151-183.
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. Thirdly, both Lyell and Blyth2 used the principle of natural selection, implicit in the penalization of variants from the specific type, to prove that species remain constant; whereas Darwin and Wallace showed that this argument must be turned on its head to show that natural selection can make varieties depart indefinitely from the specific type. This last case is particularly instructive, because natural selection can in some cases bring about change and in other cases preserve stability, and T. H
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F1574a
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part I. First notebook [B] (July 1837-February 1838). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (2) (January): 23-73.
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generation , which means sexual reproduction, is a mechanism whereby variation can be produced (p. 3). Fully-developed organisms have difficulty in varying, but sexual reproduction 1 P. H. Jespersen. Charles Darwin and Dr. Grant , Lychnos 1948 49, vol. II, p. 159. 2 Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, vol. 2, p. 264. 3 More Letters of Charles Darwin, edited by Francis Darwin and A. C. Seward, London 1903, vol. I, p. 133, to which attention was called by Eiseley: Darwin's Century, p. 163. 4 Some
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F1574c
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part III. Third notebook [D] (July 15 to October 2nd 1838). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (4) (July):119-150.
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-called Baconian principles of induction were widely thought to be the only correct method of scientific inquiry, Adam Sedgwick4 accused Darwin of deserting 1 More Letters of Charles Darwin, edited by F. Darwin and A. C. Seward, London 1903, vol. I, p. 118. 2 Sir Gavin de Beer. Some unpublished letters of Charles Darwin , Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 1959, vol. 14, pp. 12-66. 3 M. L., vol. 1, pp. 183, 184. 4 Life and Letters of Charles Darwin edited by Francis Darwin, London
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F1574c
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part III. Third notebook [D] (July 15 to October 2nd 1838). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (4) (July):119-150.
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de Beer. The Darwin-Wallace Centenary , Endeavour, 1958, vol. 17, p. 65. 4 Although sperms were first discovered in 1677 by Hamm, and Spallanzani's experiments proved that sperms and not the liquid in which they swam are the element responsible for fertilization, the penetration of an egg by a sperm was first observed by G. Newport in the frog's egg in 1854, and by N. Pringsheim in 1855 in an alga. It was not until 1875 that Oskar Hertwig discovered in the sea urchin that after fertilization one
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F1574d
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. de Beer, G. ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part IV, Fourth notebook [E] (October 1838-10 July 1839). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (5) (September): 151-183.
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they were aware both in artificial conditions and in nature. Familiar with the results of artificial selection, Darwin had already seen that selection in nature would cause species to vary from the original type; and both he and Wallace, independently, saw that Malthus's principle of quantitative limitation working on natural populations must inevitably result in natural selection of the better adapted variants through a qualitative elimination, and they used the struggle for existence to
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F3484
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1909. [Letter to F. W. Hope, 1837, 19 letters to R. Trimen, 1863-71]. In E. B. Poulton ed. Charles Darwin and the Origin of species: addresses, etc., in America and England in the year of the two anniversaries. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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Lasiocampa. I think I have seen in England many Butterflies pursuing one.—But here comes a doubt may not the same male serve more than one female. I think I will write to Dr. Wallace of Colchester.2— in which the females are apparently the more numerous. These numbers are quoted by Darwin in Descent of Man, c. (1874), 250. 1 Mr. Trimen has kindly given me the following note:— 'E. Blanchard (in his Métamorphoses, Moeurs et Instincts des Insectes) had attributed to some special and peculiar sense the power
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Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1909. [Letter to F. W. Hope, 1837, 19 letters to R. Trimen, 1863-71]. In E. B. Poulton ed. Charles Darwin and the Origin of species: addresses, etc., in America and England in the year of the two anniversaries. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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of Fritz Müller's earlier suggestion that Mimicry may be due to Sexual Selection (see pp. 127-8). I do not think that the words really bear this interpretation, but even if they do, it is obvious that a suggestion intended to be taken as a joke cannot be looked upon as a serious anticipation! Inasmuch as Hewitson makes special reference to the three papers of Bates, Wallace and Trimen, it is not inappropriate to quote his criticisms at this point. After describing some of the wonderful forms
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