EH88202575    Note:    1839--1882   Charles Darwin's Address Book.   Text   Image

), Scottish lawyer and horticulturist. Hewitt. Eden Cottage Spark-Brook Birmingham Edward Hewitt (1815/16-1880), poultry breeder and judge of poultry exhibitions. Hildebrand Dr. Freiburg Baden. (Sept 68) Friedrich Hermann Gustav Hildebrand (1835-1915), German botanist. Haliburton Mrs Bridge House Richmond. London S.W Sarah Harriet (Mostyn Owen) Haliburton (1804-1882), Darwin sent her a copy of Expression in 1872. Listed on p. 44 when Mrs Williams. Hartnack Dr. R. Bonaparte I. Paris Edmund Hartnack

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

them, for Temminck3 asserts that out [of] 100 eggs, only two or three young can be raised: Mr. Hewitt informs me that out of above 800 eggs from these two birds, he raised not above a dozen hybrid chickens: in the same laying, however, if a single egg proves to have been fertilised, several can generally be hatched.4 /81/On the other hand, hybrids from the common Duck the Musk-Duck. (Anas boschas and Cairina moschata) are utterly sterile even without any passion; but yet can be raised with

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

Gold Pheasant common Fowl on the authority of the M. S. return from Zoological Society: this hybrid was quite sterile. Mr. Hewitt has repeatedly tried to make this cross, likewise between the Silver Pheasant common Hen without success, though the birds coupled freely. 9 Mr. Hewitt informs me that he raised three hen hybrids from the cock Gold Pheasant Hen Silver Pheasant. 10 [There is no note with Darwin's reference number here, but on verso of fol. 88 he added:] Temminck Gallinac es 2 p.75

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

the case of the hybrids themselves from the Canary other finches, in the few instances in which they have bred the 1 Flourens de la Longevite Humaine 1855. p. 156. [Darwin added in pencil (one wonders when): 'See my paper on Species of Primula for additional facts.' See Darwin, 'On the Character and Hybrid-like Nature of the Offspring from the Illegitimate Unions of Dimorphic and Trimorphic Plants.' Linn. Soc. London. J. Rot., 10 (1869), 433-4.] 2 Dict. Class. de Hist. Nat. Tom 3. p. 448

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

the Production of Hybrid Vegetables; with the Result of many Experiments Made in the Investigation of the Subject.' Hort. Soc. Lond. Trans., 4 (1822), 15-50.IV, 71, 73, 79. Footnote in Gilbert White, The National History and Antiquities of Selbourne. Edward T. Bennett, London, 1837. v, 23. Heron, Sir Robert. Notes. Grantham, 1850, etc. IX, 131. x, 72. Hesselgren, Nicolaus L. See Linn . Hewitson, William Chapman. British Oology, 2 vols. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, [1831-44.] IV, 30. x, 75. 'Notes on the

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

mongrel has to be compared more or less with both sexes of both parents;/123 v/ in hybrids, owing I presume to their sterility, the secondary male characters are developed late in life apparently not fully at any period; for instance Mr. Hewitt informs me that he has never seen even in old hybrid Pheasants fowls, full-sized spurs./123/In the next place, differently from in plants, the progeny from reciprocal crosses between two species, or two races, is generally unlike, this greatly complicates

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

Hewitt, Edward (cont.) silver pheasant, 429; Gold x silver pheasant, 435 n 4; Unsuccessful -common hen x silver or gold pheasant, 435 n 3; Pheasant x (fowl x pheasant), 435 n Pheasant prefers own species after habitation with common fowl, 428 n 3 Prepotency: Fowl x pheasant, 457 n 1, 458; Wild disposition over domestic, 486 Secondary sexual characters and virile force deficient: in Sebright bantams, 316 n 1; pheasant hybrids, 429, 452 Sterility of hybrid Gallinaceae trom aborted embryos, 422

F373    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1859. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 1st ed., 1st issue.   Text   Image   PDF

male element may reach the female element, but be incapable of causing an embryo to be developed, as seems to have been the case with some of Thuret's experiments on Fuci. No explanation can be given of these facts, any more than why certain trees cannot be grafted on others. Lastly, an embryo may be developed, and then perish at an early period. This latter alternative has not been sufficiently attended to; but I believe, from observations communicated to me by Mr. Hewitt, who has had great

F373    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1859. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 1st ed., 1st issue.   Text   Image   PDF

, changes in vegetation, 72. Heer, O., on plants of Madeira, 107. Helix pomatia, 397. Helosciadium, 359. Hemionus, striped, 163. Herbert, W., on struggle for existence, 62. ——, on sterility of hybrids, 249. Hermaphrodites crossing, 96. Heron eating seed, 387. Heron, Sir R., on peacocks, 89. Heusinger on white animals not poisoned by certain plants, 12. Hewitt, Mr., on sterility of first crosses, 264. Himalaya, glaciers of, 373. ——, plants of, 375. Hippeastrum, 250. Holly-trees, sexes of, 93

F376    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1860. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 2d ed., second issue.   Text   Image   PDF

than why certain trees cannot be grafted on others. Lastly, an embryo may be developed, and then perish at an early period. This latter alternative has not been sufficiently attended to; but I believe, from observations communicated to me by Mr. Hewitt, who has had great experience in hybridising gallinaceous birds, that the early death of the embryo is a very frequent cause of sterility in first crosses. I was at first very unwilling to believe in this view; as hybrids, when once born, are

F380    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1860. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. New York: D. Appleton. New edition, revised and augmented.   Text   Image   PDF

experiments on Fuci. No explanation can be given of these facts, any more than why certain trees cannot be grafted on others. Lastly, an embryo may be developed, and then perish at an early period. This latter alternative has not been sufficiently attended to; but I believe, from observations communicated to me by Mr. Hewitt, who has had great experience in hybridising gallinaceous birds, that the early death of the embryo is a very frequent cause of sterility in first crosses. I was at first

F381    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1861. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 3d ed. Seventh thousand.   Text   Image   PDF

more than why certain trees cannot be grafted on others. Lastly, an embryo may be developed, and then perish at an early period. This latter alternative has not been sufficiently attended to; but I believe, from observations communicated to me by Mr. Hewitt, who has had great experience in hybridising gallinaceous birds, that the early death of the embryo is a very frequent cause of sterility in first crosses. I was at first very unwilling to believe in this view; as hybrids, when once born, are

F385    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1866. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 4th ed. 8th thousand.   Text   Image   PDF

period. This latter alternative has not been sufficiently attended to; but I believe, from observations communicated to me by Mr. Hewitt, who has had great experience in hybridising pheasants and fowls, that the early death of the embryo is a very frequent cause of sterility in first crosses. Mr. Salter has recently given the results of an examination of about 500 eggs produced from various crosses between three species of Gallus and their hybrids; the majority of these eggs had been

F879.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. [1868]. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. With a preface by Asa Gray. New York: Orange Judd and Co. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

mallard became broader and less regular, and some of the longer primary wing-feathers became more or less white. When this occurred, Mr. Hewitt always destroyed his old stock and procured fresh eggs from wild nests; so that he never bred the same family for more than five of six generations. His Loudons Mag. of Nat. Hist., vol. viii. 1835, p. 542; and Mr. St. John, Wild Sports and Nat. Hist. of the Highlands, 1846, p. 129. 9 Mr. E. Hewitt, in Journal of Horticulture, 1832, p. 773; and 1836, p. 39

F878.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

occurred in Sweden, Mr. Hewitt found that his young birds always changed and deteriorated in character in the course of two or three generations; notwithstanding that great care was taken to prevent any crossing with tame ducks. After the third generation his birds lost the elegant carriage of the wild species, and began to acquire the gait of the common duck. They increased in size in each generation, and their legs became less fine. The white collar round the neck of the mallard became

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

horse than is the tail of the mule, and this is generally accounted for by the males of both species transmitting with greater power this part of their structure; but a compound hybrid which I saw in the Zoological Gardens, from a mare by a hybrid ass-zebra, closely resembled its mother in its tail. 17 Mr. Hewitt, who has had such great experience in raising these hybrids, says ('Poultry Book,' by Mr. Tegetmeier, 1866, pp. 165-167) that in all, the head was destitute of wattles, comb, and ear

F878.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

feeblest power of transmitting its two chief characteristic qualities. I will give one other instance with fowls and pigeons of weakness and strength in the transmission of the same character to their crossed offspring. The Silk-fowl breeds true, and there is reason to believe is a very ancient race; but when I reared a large number of mongrels from a Silk-hen by a Spanish cock, not one exhibited even a trace of the so-called silkiness. Mr. Hewitt also asserts that in no instance are the silky

F878.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

strain is occasionally obtained. So it is with Malays, according to Mr. Hewitt, as far as size is concerned.28 An experienced writer29 remarks that the same amateur, as is well known, seldom long maintains the superiority of his birds; and this, he adds, undoubtedly is due to all his stock being of the same blood; hence it is indispensable that he should occasionally procure a bird of another strain. But this is not necessary with those who keep a stock of fowls at different stations. Thus, Mr

F877.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

black skin and bones degenerates, as has been observed by Mr. Hewitt and Mr. R. Orton, in our climate; that is, it reverts to the ordinary colour of the common fowl in its skin and bones, due care having been taken to prevent any cross. In Germany30 a distinct breed with black bones, and with black, not silky plumage, has likewise been observed to degenerate. Mr. Tegetmeier informs me that, when distinct breeds are crossed, fowls are frequently produced with their feathers marked or pencilled by

F877.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

alarmed at strange men and dogs. Differently from what 8 I quote this account from 'Die Enten, Schwanen-zucht,' Ulm, 1828, s. 143. See Audubon's 'Ornithological Biography,' vol. iii. p. 168, on the taming of ducks on the Mississippi. For the same fact in England, see Mr. Waterton, in Loudon's 'Mag. of Nat. Hist.,' vol. viii., 1835, p. 542; and Mr. St. John, 'Wild Sports and Nat. Hist. of the Highlands,' 1846, p. 129. 9 Mr. E. Hewitt, in 'Journal of Horticulture,' 1862, p. 773; and 1863, p. 39. [page

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

with extreme rarity, in these same breeds, as long as they are pre- 24 'Essais Hist. Nat. du Paraguay,' tom. ii. 1801, p. 372. 25 These facts are given on the high authority of Mr. Hewitt, in 'The Poultry Book,' by Mr. Tegetmeier, 1866, p. 248. 26 'The Poultry Book,' by Tegetmeier, 1866, p. 97. [page] 4

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

zur Naturgesch,' viii. s. 397-413. 53 In his 'Essays on Nat. Hist.,' 1838. Mr. Hewitt gives analogous cases with hen-pheasants in 'Journal of Horticulture,' July 12, 1864, p. 37. Isidore Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, in his 'Essais de Zoolog. Gén.' (suites à Buffon, 1842, pp. 496-513), has collected such cases in ten different kinds of birds. It appears that Aristotle was well aware of the change in mental disposition in old hens. The case of the female deer acquiring horns is given at p. 513. E 2

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

prolonged selection. We see what selection, though acting on mere individual differences, can effect when families of cattle, sheep, 36 'Gardener's Chronicle,' 1862, pp. 820, 821. 37 'On the Varieties of Wheat,' p. 59. 38 Mr. Hewitt and others, in 'Journal of Hort.,' 1862, p. 773. [page] 23

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

according to the excellent authority of Mr. Hewitt,6 been seen to exceed the wing-feathers in length, and in one case were actually nine and a half inches in length! As Mr. Blyth has remarked to me, these leg-feathers resemble the primary wing-feathers, and are totally unlike the fine down which naturally grows on the legs of some birds, such as grouse and owls. Hence it may be suspected that excess of food has first given redundancy to the plumage, and then that the law of homologous

F878.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

black skin and bones degenerates, as has been observed by Mr. Hewitt and Mr. R. Orton, in our climate; that is, it reverts to the ordinary colour of the common fowl in its skin and bones, due care having been taken to prevent any cross. In Germany30 a distinct breed with black bones, and with black, not silky plumage, has likewise been observed to degenerate. Mr. Tegetmeier informs me that, when distinct breeds are crossed, fowls are frequently produced with their feathers marked or pencilled by