CUL-DAR75.67    Abstract:    [1809--1882.04.00]   [Abstracts of 8vo Pamphlets] `[G]131-[G]157'   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 67 (5 Pamphlets 8vo 131 Mauduyt p. 8 on wolves crossing in state of nature (Q) Mauduyt, Lubin. 1851. Du loup et de ses races ou variétés. Poitiers: Henri Oudin. (from: Bulletin de la Société académique d'agriculture, belles-lettres, sciences et arts, établie à Poitiers) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 131] PDF 132 Selys Longchamp p. 5 Hybrids range alike of same parentage (n. Q) Selys-Longchamps, Edmond de. 1845. Récapitulation des hybrides observés dans

F1840    Book:     Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

2528 P Wild Potatoe V 314 Copy [Solanum tuberosum var. vulgare. See Plant Notes p. 180] 2529 A Otter V 312 [listed as Lutra chilensis in Zoology 2:22-4] 1835 Jany2530 A Nutria V 3122531 B Barking bird (male). Chiloe [listed as Pteroptochos tarnii G.R.Gray in Zoology 3:70-1, labelled 2531D] * 2532 S Marine shells. Chonos Archip: 2544 I 2 Beetles from either Cocao or Sugar on board 2545 I Insects from S. Carlos de Chiloe 2546 I Meloe. common: crawling about grass flying about. Cudico S. of

F1574f    Pamphlet:     de Beer, Gavin, Rowlands, M. J. and Skramovsky, [Mrs] B. M. eds. 1967. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part VI. Pages excised by Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 3 (5) (21 March): 129-176.   Text   Image   PDF

desert or separation of mountain chains c.) the species have not been much altered they will cross (perhaps more fertility so make that sudden step, species or not. 210 A plant submits to more individual change, (as some animals do more than others cut off limbs new ones are formed) but yet propagates varieties according to same law with animals ?? Why are species not formed during ascent of mountain or approach of desert? because the crossing of species less altered prevents the complete adaptation

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

action might be called incidental, for as the poison did not exist naturally the species would not have been created, or modified by natural selection, so as to have different powers of resisting it. The action moreover, would be incidental in differences in the absorbent nutritive systems, wholly inappreciable by us. But another illustration already alluded is so apposite, that it is worth giving in rather fuller detail: I refer to grafting budding./ 65/The capacity for grafting, like that

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

definite, it seems at first almost impossible that a substance in one plant should change by gradual transition into a chemically different compound in another plant. That the proportions of different compounds in the same species change most readily under culture is well known; as in the case of wheat the opium-poppy. But Prof. Christison has shown1 that Oenanthe crocata produces a virulent poison in England, but is innocuous in Scotland: that Hemp yields a peculiar gum-resin only when grown in hot

CUL-DAR10.1.(1-78)    Draft:    1857   'Natural selection' chapter 5 (The struggle for existence as bearing on natural selection)   Text   Image

anteater with its long tongue great claws; or the giraffe with its long tongue long neck high fore quarters—or look at what we are pleased to consider as the humblest parasite see how beautifully its limbs are formed to cling to the hairs or feathers of the animal on which it lives. There are insects with admirably adapted structures formed to lay their eggs in the bodies of other insects species of insects, others are adapted to lay their eggs on special plants, together with a poison, which no

CUL-DAR54.29-38    Note:    1862.09.14   Drosera rotundifolia [application of hair, toenail, sulphate of zinc,   Text   Image

Bournemouth Saturday 20th Chloroform as before on another part for 2' only very slight effect on Hairs. — Another plant for 4' no effect!!! The hairs on the first of these two plant moved with meat so were not rendered insensible. (Anæsth) Sunday 21. 3º 5' P.m. 4 drops for 2' 25 caused movement to begin plainly (not all evaporated) tentacles stood perpendicularly some curled inwards — rapid movement. — 3º 45' 2 of the leaves well closed in. — 4º 45' look deadish. 22d. 11º not dead, beginning

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

agent in determining the form of the gall than the specific character of the tree which is acted on. As the poisonous secretion of insects belonging to various orders has the special power of affecting the growth of various plants;—as a slight difference in the nature of the poison suffices to produce widely different results;—and lastly, as we know that the chemical compounds secreted by plants are eminently liable to be modified by changed conditions of life, we may believe it possible that

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

form. It is interesting to observe the graduated series from plants which, when fertilised by their own pollen, yield the full number of seed, but with the seedlings a little dwarfed in stature—to plants which when self-fertilised yield few seeds—to those which yield none—and, lastly, to those in which the plant's own pollen and stigma act on each other like poison. This peculiar state of the reproductive organs, when occurring in certain individuals alone, is evidently abnormal; and as it

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

According to Spinola and others,37 buckwheat (Polygonum fagopyrum), when in flower, is highly injurious to white or white-spotted pigs, if they are exposed to the heat of the sun, but is quite innocuous to black pigs. By two accounts, the Hypericum crispum in Sicily is poisonous to white sheep alone; their heads swell, their wool falls off, and they often die; but this plant, according to Lecce, is poisonous only when it grows in swamps; nor is this improbable, as we know how readily the

F878.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

natural selection of serviceable variations which have arisen independently of the nature of the conditions. If, for instance, a plant had to be modified so as to become fitted to inhabit a humid instead of an arid station, we have no reason to believe that variations of the right kind would occur more frequently if the parent-plant inhabited a station a little more [page] 29

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

characteristic features of certain allied species, or even genera. Suppose, says Reissek, the condition originally caused by the fungus to become constant in the course of time, the plant would, if found growing wild, be considered as a distinct species or even as belonging to a new genus. I quote this remark to show how profoundly, yet in how natural a manner, this plant must have been modified by the parasitic fungus. Facts and Considerations opposed to the belief that the Conditions of Life

F877.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

contrivances, which have justly excited in the mind of every observer the highest admiration. There is, for instance, a fly (Cecidomyia)3 which deposits its eggs within the stamens of a Scrophularia, and secretes a poison which produces a gall, on which the larva feeds; but there is another insect (Misocampus) which deposits its eggs within the body of the larva within the gall, and is thus nourished by its living prey; so that here a hymenopterous insect depends on a dipterous insect, and this depends on

F879.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. [1868]. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. With a preface by Asa Gray. New York: Orange Judd and Co. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

stamens of a Scrophularia, and secretes a poison which produces a gall, on which the larva feeds; but there is another insect (Misocampus) which deposits its eggs within the body of the larva within the gall, and is thus nourished by its living prey; so that here a hymenopterous insect depends on a dipterous insect, and this depends on its power of producing a monstrous growth in a particular organ of a particular plant. So it is, in a more or less plainly marked manner, in thousands and tens

F2282    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. [Letters to J. Fayrer on cobra poison and Drosera] In T. L. Brunton and J. Fayrer, On the nature and physiological action of the Crotalus-poison as compared with that of Naja tripudians and other Indian venomous snakes; also investigations into the nature of the influence of Naja- and Crotalus-poison on ciliary and amoeboid action and on Vallisneria, and on the influence of inspiration of pure oxygen on poisoned animals. [Read 18 February 1875] Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 23 (1874-5): 261-79, pp. 273-4.   Text   Image

an immersion of 48 hours, the protoplasm within the cells incessantly changes form, and I never saw it on any other occasion so active. Hence I cannot doubt that this poison is a stimulant to the protoplasm; and I shall be very curious to find out in your papers whether you have tried its action on the cilia and on the colourless corpuscles of the blood. If the poison does arrest their movement, it will show that there is a profound difference between the protoplasm of animals and of this plant

F1217    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Insectivorous plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

these substances are not poisonous and have no power, or only a very slight one, of inducing inflection. It should, however, be observed that curare, colchicine, and veratrine are muscle-poisons that is, act on nerves having some special relation with the muscles, and, therefore, could not be expected to act on Drosera. The poison of the cobra is most deadly to animals, by paralysing their nerve-centres,* yet is not in the least so to Drosera, though quickly causing strong inflection

F1217    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Insectivorous plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

a fresh leaf from another plant. The latter had most of its tentacles strongly inflected within 30 m.; whereas the leaf which had been exposed to the carbonic acid remained for 24 hrs. in the solution without undergoing any inflection, with the exception of two tentacles. This leaf had been almost completely paralysed, and was not able to recover its sensibility whilst still in the solution, which from having been made with distilled water probably contained little oxygen. Concluding Remarks

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

become deeply impressed with the conviction that in such cases the nature of the variation depends but little on the conditions to which the plant has been exposed, and not in any especial manner on its individual character, but much more on the inherited nature or constitution of the whole group of allied beings to which the plant in question belongs. We are thus driven to conclude that in most cases the conditions of life play a subordinate part in causing any particular modification; like that

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

remark to show how profoundly, yet in how natural a manner, this plant must have been modified by the parasitic fungus. Mr. Meehan56 also states that three species of Euphorbia and Portulaca olereacea, which naturally grow prostrate, become erect when they are attacked by the Œcidium. Euphorbia maculata in this case also becomes nodose, with the branchlets comparatively smooth and the leaves modified in shape, approaching in these respects to a distinct species, namely, the E. hypericifolia

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

rinderpest, if placed in the blood of a healthy ox, increases so fast that in a short space of time the whole mass of blood, weighing many pounds, is infected, and every small particle of that blood contains enough poison to give, within less than forty-eight hours, the disease to another animal. The retention of free and undeveloped gemmules in the same body from early youth to old age will appear improbable, but we should remember how long seeds lie dormant in the earth and buds in the bark

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

in the genus Passiflora, and with the Vandeae amongst Orchids. Self-sterility differs much in degree in different plants. In those extraordinary cases in which pollen from the same flower acts on the stigma like a poison, it is almost certain that the plants would never yield a single self-fertilised seed. Other plants, like Corydalis cava, occasionally, though very rarely, produce a few self-fertilised seeds. A large number of species, as may be seen in Table F, are less fertile with their

F1251    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1878. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

species of Oncidium and of Maxillaria cultivated in a hothouse in Edinburgh were quite sterile with their own pollen; and Fritz M ller found this to be the case with a large number of Orchidaceous genera growing in their native home of South Brazil.* He also discoverd that the pollen-masses of some orchids acted on their own stigmas like a poison; and it appears that G rtner formerly observed indications of this extraordinary fact in the case of some other plants. Fritz M ller also states that

F3389    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1917. [Letter to Joseph Lister, 1878]. In J. Godlee Rickman, Lord Lister. London: Macmillan, p. 310.   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 310 Oct. 7. 1878. DOWN. BECKENHAM. KENT. MY DEAR SIR, As this note requires no answer I will not apologize for making a small suggestion to you. I believe that you are still continuing your most valuable observations on Bacteria and their allies. Now it seems to me probable (or at least worth a trial) that Benzoic acid would be a most deadly poison to them. I think so because a minute dose of a solution of 1 part of the acid to 437 of water

PC-Virginia-Erasmus-F1319    Printed:    1879--1880   Preliminary notice. In Krause, E., Erasmus Darwin. Translated from the German by W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin  London   Text   Image   PDF

by animals living in the ground, if it did not contain so acrid a poison.* This example of a poisonous bulb is particularly instructive, because here, in consequence of the seeds ripening only in the next period of vegetation, the existence of the plant in winter would be seriously compromised if the bulb were edible. The holly (Ilex aquifolium) led Dr. Darwin to specially thoughtful considerations in this direction; he speaks of it as follows:† Many plants, like many animals, are furnished

CUL-DAR209.2.142-145    Note:    1881.04.14--1881.05.17   Mimosa pudica [application of water, black grease]   Text   Image

May 2 d. 1881.— Mimosa pudica 11° 30' a. m— a new plant— 8 leaflets cleaned with camel-brush.— 4 with drops of water — outside leaflets —(I marked 4 of the leaflets on one pinna with black grease-dots — 2 of which will have drops 2 will not have them, so as to see whether these can injure leaflets— All 8 leaflets pinned down. — In Hot-case, Hot house. (May 3d 7° 15'. a.m I put biggish dots of black Grease on the 2 washed leaflets, which do not bear drops of water, as a further test whether the