With thanks to The Charles Darwin Trust and Dr Mary Whitear for use of the Companion. Copyright. All rights reserved. For private academic use only. Not for republication or reproduction in whole or in part without the prior written consent of The Charles Darwin Trust, 14 Canonbury Park South London N1 2JJ.
Other additions and corrections are copyright of Darwin Online.
[spine]
[front cover]
[front inside cover]
[page i]
[page ii]
[page iii]
CHARLES DARWIN: A COMPANION
[page iv]
[page 1]
[page 2]
![Frontispiece](https://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/Ancillary/1978_Companion_A27/1978_Companion_A27_figfrontis.jpg)
Charles Darwin aged 59. Reproduction of a photograph by Julia
Margaret Cameron, original 13 × 10 inches, taken at Dumbola Lodge,
Freshwater, Isle of Wight in July 1869. The original print is signed
and authenticated by Mrs Cameron and also signed by Darwin. It bears
Colnaghi's blind embossed registration.
[page 3]
CHARLES DARWIN
A Companion
by
R. B. FREEMAN
Department of Zoology
University College London
[page 4]
First published in 1978.
Copyright of The Charles Darwin Trust. All rights reserved. For private academic use
only. Not for republication or reproduction in whole or in part without
the prior written consent of The Charles Darwin Trust, 14 Canonbury
Park South London N1 2JJ.
Other additions and corrections are copyright of the University of Cambridge.
[page 5]
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations |
6 |
Preface to the second online edition (2007)
Introduction to the first edition (1978) |
7 |
Acknowledgements |
10 |
Abbreviations |
11 |
Text |
17-310 |
[page 6]
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Charles Darwin aged 59
From a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron
|
Frontispiece |
Skeleton Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin |
66 |
Pedigree to show Charles Robert Darwin's Relationship to his
Wife Emma Wedgwood |
67 |
Pedigree of Robert Darwin's Children and Grandchildren |
68 |
Arms and Crest of Robert Waring Darwin |
69 |
Research Notes on Insectivorous Plants 1860 |
90 |
Charles Darwin's Full Signature |
91 |
[page 7]
Preface to the second online edition (2007)
Richard Broke Freeman's Charles Darwin: A companion was first published in 1978. It has remained one of the most useful reference works for students of Darwin and his times. The book is essentially a Darwinian encyclopaedia for people, places, theories, publications and events referred to in Darwin's works and others about him such as Life and letters.
Freeman was a meticulous scholar and he tirelessly continued to gather additions and corrections to Companion. These, however, remained unpublished at his death in 1986. Freeman's widow, Dr Mary Whitear, gave the copyright of the work, along with Freeman's many pages of notes, to The Charles Darwin Trust so that Companion could continue and develop.
Randal Keynes, of The Charles Darwin Trust, kindly lent the notes to John van Wyhe. These were carefully inserted by Sue Asscher. Many additional details, such as missing dates for some individuals, were supplied from the Correspondence Online Database. Further corrections and additions have been added by van Wyhe.
We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Frederick Burkhardt and Duncan Porter who kindly provided their own corrections in answer to an appeal sent throughout the Darwin research community.
The layout of the original, which was constrained by paper size, has been altered by Asscher. Generally, where dates or sequence allow, information under individual entries appears in chronological order. Some conflicting information has been omitted. Several abbreviations such as b for brother and f for father have been expanded into the whole word to render the work more accessible. Some formatting, such as italics for titles, has been altered. The original pagination has been preserved to facilitate citations.
The Companion was first published before the appearance of the monumental
Correspondence of Charles Darwin (15 vols. 1985-). Readers should therefore use the Companion in conjunction with the Correspondence and the invaluable Darwin Correspondence Project Online Database: (http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/).
Readers are encouraged to send errors or corrections to the Companion to
the editor, Dr John van Wyhe, at dbsjmvw@nus.edu.sg
John van Wyhe
November 2007
Introduction to the first edition (1978)
THIS Companion is about Charles Darwin the man: it is not about
evolution by natural selection, nor is it about any other of his
theoretical or experimental work. A glance will show what it contains,
and only a brief introduction is needed. It is intended to make easily
available the facts of Darwin's life, his ancestry, collaterals and
descendants, his friends and a few enemies, and his scientific
correspondents. It covers what he wrote, and where he went, when and
why. It also includes some more personal things, such as his
appearance, including details of pictures of him, his day to day
habits, and a little of his political and social views.
Darwin's name occurs in every relevant work of reference from about
the time of his election to the Royal Society in 1839 until his death,
and in superabundance from then onwards. In the British Museum's General
catalogue of printed books, (1959-1966), the appendix of titles
relative to Darwin contains more than 400 entries, whilst that for
Galileo has about 150 and that for Newton less than 130. This excess is
exacerbated because his name also occurs in every work on evolution and
in every student textbook of biology as well as in many works about the
religious and social implications of evolutionary theory. It is however
ameliorated because the number of works which contain facts about him
is small. Basically, there are seven volumes, three of Life and
letters, and two each of More letters and Emma
Darwin. To these may be added a handful of later books and papers
which contain many new facts, and a larger number, mostly biographies
of other people and works containing previously unpublished letters,
which contain some information.
The basic three works were all edited by two of his children and
published within the lifetimes of many people who knew him. Biographies
by children of their subject have the advantage that the facts are
probably right, but the disadvantage that the children are too close to
see what will be of interest to later readers. Life and letters
also has the disadvantage of being published within five years of
Darwin's death, so
[page] 8
that parts which might have been libellous or caused offence to the
living had to be omitted. His autobiography, which is first printed
there, has omissions for his widow's sake and its full text did not
become available until seventy years later.
All the entries here are degressive. There are two reasons for this.
Firstly, the further the subject is from Darwin himself, the less need
there is for a comprehensive entry. Gladstone, Tennyson and Ruskin met
Darwin, and all could have had long entries, but their contact was
slight and their entries are therefore brief; his butler, Parslow, and
his secretary-servant, Covington, deserve and get longer entries.
Similarly, Paris, Dublin and Belfast, each of which he visited once,
briefly, get little notice, but Tierra del Fuego, the Galapagos Islands
and Glen Roy were much more important to him. The second reason for
degression is ignorance. I have used a large number of reference
sources and have sought the help of many friends, but there remains
information which I would like to have entered which has escaped me.
Much of this is about people that Darwin saw almost every day of his
life, sometimes for years, such as the domestic staff at Down House,
but if Francis Darwin or his sister merely mention Mary or Maryann, it
is impossible to go further. There are also a number of villagers in
Downe who are in a similar position. Amongst relatives, there are some,
particularly women, whose dates of birth are available because these
are given in the pedigrees made by people who knew them, but apparently
they never die, because they did nothing to rate an entry in standard
works of reference. The scientists are usually easy, although there are
a few, such as "old Jones" on page 177, who elude me. The two other
main groups of entries, places and Darwin's works, present no
difficulties.
[page] 9
Darwin's books have been entered under short titles and all editions
are listed, although mere reprints are ignored; first editions printed
in America and in foreign languages are also listed. Foreign language
editions are also entered under the language, so that a complete list
is available of those of his works which have been translated into any
given language; there is a similar list for English Braille. Almost all
his books have appeared in facsimile in recent years and the dates of
these are entered. Papers published in periodicals are entered by short
title; these are widely scattered and some were not easily accessible
until the most useful publication of a complete set by Paul H. Barrett
in 1977; the page numbers of Barrett's reprints are given in each case.
Much of the material which was left in manuscript by Darwin has also
been published; most of it was never intended for publication, being
notebooks or rough drafts. The titles of these have been consolidated
under the heading "Darwin, Charles Robert, Manuscripts", but their
editors have been entered in the main list.
This work is a compilation, with almost nothing in it that has not
appeared in print before. I have tried to stick to facts, although
matters of opinion have crept in here and there. Darwin himself, in a
letter to Huxley in 1859, said "The inaccuracy of the blessed band (of
which I am one) of compilers passes all bounds, The difficulty is
to know what to trust." I know that there are many omissions here
and I am sure that there are errors, but hope that most of the facts
are correct.
[page 10]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
MY indebtedness to works of reference is large. Many of these are
listed below, under Abbreviations, but others are, as usual, taken for
granted. I give my thanks to the editors and compilers of hundreds of
such works. More personally, I should like to thank the three great
Cambridge darwinians, Nora Lady Barlow, Dr Sydney
Smith and P. J. Gautrey: all three have answered my questions over the
years with unfailing patience, as they have those of so many others.
Peter Gautrey, sitting as he does on the Darwin archive in the
University Library, has had to bear the brunt. I am indebted to many
Librarians in National and University libraries, but especially to
Joseph Scott, Librarian of University College London, whose library has
been my daily haunt. The excellence of his reference rooms and the
learning of his staff has saved me much journeying and letter writing.
I would like to thank three of his staff by name: Joan Nash, who has
looked after the Biological Sciences Library for many years; Susan
Gove, in charge of the Thane Medical Library, who enjoys chasing
obscure physicians and surgeons; and John Spiers, in charge of
information, who regards chasing people as light relief from on-line
reference retrieval.
R. B. Freeman
[page 11]
ABBREVIATIONS
Allan |
Mea Allan, Darwin
and his flowers: the key to natural
selection, London, Faber & Faber, 1977. |
Ashworth |
J. H. Ashworth, Charles Darwin
as a student in Edinburgh,
1825-1827: (An address delivered on October 28, 1935), Proc. Roy.
Soc. Edinb.,
55:97-113, 1935 |
Atkins |
Sir Hedley Atkins, Down,
the home of the
Darwins: the story of a house and the people who lived there,
London, Phillimore for the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1974;
revised edition 1976 used. |
B |
Paul E. Barrett, editor, The
collected papers of Charles
Darwin, 2 vols, Chicago, University Press, 1977. Barrett volume
and page numbers are given for all Darwin's papers published in serials. |
Baehni |
Charles Baehni, Correspondance
de Charles Darwin et
d'Alphonse de Candolle, Gesnerus, 12:109-156, 1955. |
Barlow |
Nora Barlow, Charles Darwin
and the voyage of the Beagle,
London, Pilot Press, 1945. |
Barlow-Autobiography |
Nora Barlow, editor, The
autobiography of
Charles Darwin 1809-1882, with the original omissions restored: edited
with appendix and notes by his grand-daughter Nora Barlow, London,
Collins, 1958. |
Basalla |
George Basalla, The voyage of
the Beagle without Darwin, Mariners
Mirror, 49:42-48, 1963. |
BM (NH) Memorials |
British Museum (Natural
History), Memorials
of Charles Darwin: a collection of manuscripts, portraits, medals,
books and natural history specimens etc., London, British Museum
(Natural History), 1909. Special Guides No. 4. |
Britten and Boulger |
James Britten and G. S.
Boulger, A
biographical index of British and Irish botanists, London, West
Newman, 1893; 2nd edition, 1931, revised and completed by A. B. Rendle.
For 3rd edition see Ray Desmond. |
Burke |
H. Farnham Burke, compiler, Pedigree
of the family of
Darwin, [?London], privately printed, 1888. |
[page] 12
Carroll |
P. Thomas Carroll, An
annotated calendar of the letters
of Charles Darwin in the Library of the American Philosophical Society,
Wilmington, Scholarly Resources Inc., 1976. Numbers given refer to the
numbers of the letters and not to pages. |
CD |
Charles Robert Darwin. |
Christ's College Centenary
Exhibition |
A. E. S. and J. C. S. [Arthur
Everett Shipley and James Crawford Simpson], editors, Darwin
centenary: the portraits, prints and writings of Charles Robert Darwin,
exhibited at Christ's College, Cambridge 1909, [Cambridge,
University Press], 1909. |
Climbing plants |
Charles Darwin, On the movements
and habits of
climbing plants, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., 9:1-118; as a
book
with same title, London, Longman and Williams & Norgate, 1865; 2nd
edition, London, John Murray, 1875. |
Cross and self fertilisation |
Charles Darwin, The effects
of
cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, London,
John Murray, 1876. |
d.s.p. |
Decessit sine prole,
died without issue. |
Darwin-Bates |
Robert M. Stecher, editor, The
Darwin-Bates letters:
correspondence between two nineteenth century travellers and
naturalists, Part I, Ann. Sci., 25:1-47: Part II, ibid.,
25:95-125, 1969. |
Darwin-Gray |
Calendar of the letters of
Charles Robert Darwin to
Asa Gray, Boston, Mass., Historical Records Survey, 1939, reprint
1973, introduction by Bert James Loewenberg. |
Darwin-Henslow |
Nora Barlow, editor, Darwin
and Henslow, the
growth of an idea: letters 1831-1860, London, John Murray,
Bentham-Moxon Trust, 1967. |
Darwin-Innes |
Robert M. Stecher, editor, The
Darwin-Innes letters:
the correspondence of an evolutionist with his vicar, 1848-1884, Ann.
Sci.,
17:201-258, 1961. |
Darwin-Wallace |
James Marchant, editor, Alfred
Russel Wallace,
letters and reminiscences, 2 vols, London, Cassell, 1916. |
Darwin and modern science |
Albert C. Seward, editor, Darwin
and
modern science, Cambridge, University Press, 1909. |
DCPOD |
Darwin Correspondence Project
Online Database (http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/). |
Darwin, Francis |
Some letters from Charles Darwin
to Alfred Russel
Wallace, Christ's College Mag., 23:214-231, 1909. |
de Beer, G. R., editor |
The Darwin letters at Shrewsbury
School, Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 23:68-85, 1968. |
Descent |
Charles Darwin, The descent
of man, and selection in relation to
sex, London, John Murray, 1871. |
[page] 13
Desmond, Ray |
Dictionary of
British and
Irish botanists and
horticulturalists, including plant collectors and botanical artists,
London, Taylor and Francis, 1977. This is a 3rd edition of Britten and
Boulger, q.v. |
Diary |
Nora Barlow, editor, Charles
Darwin's diary of the voyage
of H.M. S. Beagle, Cambridge, University Press, 1933. |
DNB |
Dictionary of National
Biography, 63 vols and 3 vols supplements, London,
Smith Elder, 1885-1901. 10 year supplements
to 1960, Oxford University Press. |
EB |
Encyclopaedia Britannica,
London. The 11th-12th
edition, 32 vols, 1910-1911, 1922, has been referred to in a few places. |
[ED] |
H. E. Litchfield, editor, Emma
Darwin, wife of Charles
Darwin: a century of family letters, Cambridge, University Press,
privately printed, 1904. This edition has not been quoted from. |
ED |
Used for Emma Darwin, wife of
Charles Robert Darwin throughout.
Also used, with volume and page reference, for Henrietta E. Litchfield,
editor, Emma Darwin, a century of family letters, 1792-1896,
London, John Murray, 1915. This, the published edition, is the one
quoted from throughout. |
Eiseley |
Loren Eiseley, Darwin's
century: evolution and the men
who discovered it, Garden City N.Y., Doubleday Anchor Books, 1958. |
Ellegård |
Alvar Ellegård, Darwin and the
general reader: the
reception of Darwin's theory of evolution in the British periodical
press, 1859-1872, Götesborgs Universitets Arsskrift,
64:1-394; Göthenburg Studies in English, 8. |
Expression |
Charles Darwin, The
expression of the emotions in
man and animals, London, John Murray, 1872. |
F |
R. B. Freeman, The works of
Charles Darwin: an annotated
bibliographical handlist, 2nd edition, Folkestone, Wm Dawson,
Hamden, Conn., Archon Books, 1977. Freeman numbers are entered, just
with the prefix F, for all Darwin's books and publications in serials.
In the latter they follow the B of Barrett reprint numbers. |
Feuer |
Lewis F. Feuer, Is the
"Darwin-Marx" correspondence
authentic?, Ann. Sci., 32:1-12, 1975. |
Freeman, R. B. |
Charles Darwin on the routes of
male humble bees, Bull.
Brit. Mus.(Nat. Hist.),
hist. Ser.,
3:177-189, 1968. |
[page] 14
Freeman, R. B. and
Gautrey, P.
J. |
Charles Darwin's Questions
about the breeding of animals, with a note on Queries about
expression, J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 5:220-225, 1969. |
Freeman, R. B. and Gautrey, P.
J. |
Charles Darwin's Queries
about expression, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Hist. Ser.,
4:205-219, 1972. |
Freeman, R. B. and Gautrey, P.
J. |
Charles Darwin's Queries
about expression. J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 7:259-263, 1975. |
FUL |
G. R. de Beer, editor, Further
unpublished letters of Charles
Darwin, Ann. Sci., 14:83-115, 1960 (for 1958). See also
N&R which is the first part of this collection. |
Gruber, Jacob W. |
Who was the Beagle's
naturalist?, Brit. J. Hist. Sci.,
4:266-282, 1969. |
Huxley, Julian S. and
Kettlewell, H. B. D. |
Charles Darwin and
his world, London, Thames and Hudson, 1965. |
Insectivorous plants |
Charles Darwin, Insectivorous
plants,
London, John Murray, 1875. |
J. Researches 1839 |
Charles Darwin, Journal of
researches into
the geology and natural history of the various countries visited by
H.M.S. Beagle, etc., Second edition, London, Henry Colburn, 1839. |
J. Researches 1845 |
Charles Darwin, Journal of
researches into
the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by
H.M.S. Beagle, etc., Second edition, London, John Murray, 1845. |
Jensen, J. Vernon |
The X Club: fraternity of
Victorian scientists, Brit. J. Hist. Sci.,
5:63-72, 1970. |
Jensen, J. Vernon |
Interrelationships within the
Victorian X Club, Dalhousie
Rev., 51:539-552, 1971. |
Jesperson, P. Helveg |
Charles Darwin and Dr. Grant, Lychnos,
1948-1949: 159-167, 1949. |
Jordan, David Starr |
The days of a man, 2
vols, Yonkers
N.Y., World Book Co., 1922. |
Journal |
G. R. de Beer, editor, Darwin's
journal, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist),
hist. Ser., 2:1-21, 1959. |
Keith, Sir Arthur |
Darwin revalued,
London,
Watts, 1955. |
LL |
Francis Darwin, editor, The
life and letters of Charles
Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter, 3 vols, London,
John Murray, 1887. Edition used is 7th thousand 1888, the definitive
text. |
[page] 15
Mellersh, M. E. L. |
Fitzroy of the
Beagle,
London, Rupert
Hart Davis, 1968. |
ML |
Francis Darwin and A. C.
Seward, editors, More letters of
Charles Darwin: a record of his work in a series of hitherto
unpublished letters, 2 vols, London, John Murray, 1903. |
Moorhead, Alan |
Darwin and the Beagle,
London, Hamish
Hamilton, 1969. |
Movement in plants |
Charles Darwin, The power
of movement in
plants, London, John Murray, 1880. |
N&R |
G. R. de Beer, editor, Some
unpublished letters of Charles
Darwin, Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 14:12-66, 1959. See
also FUL, which is the 2nd part of this collection. |
Narrative |
Robert Fitz-Roy, editor, Narrative
of the surveying
voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle, etc., 3 vols
and appendix vol. to Vol. III, London, Henry Colburn, 1839. Vol. II
is
Charles Darwin, Journal and remarks, the first printing of Journal
of researches, 1839. |
Nash, Louisa Ann |
Some memories of Charles Darwin,
Overland
Monthly, San Francisco, Oct.: 404-408, 1890. |
Nash, Wallis |
A lawyer's life on two
continents, Boston, R.
G. Badger, [1919]. |
OED |
Sir James Murray and
others, editors, A new
English dictionary on historical principles, 10 vols in 13,
1888-1928, supplement 1933; new supplement, 2 vols [of 4], 1972, 1976,
Oxford, Clarendon Press. |
Orchids |
Charles Darwin, On the
various contrivances by which
British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good
effects of intercrossing, London, John Murray, 1862. |
Origin |
Charles Darwin, On the
origin of species by means of
natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in
the struggle for life, London, John Murray, 1859. Quotations from
later editions are specified in the text. |
Period piece |
Gwen[dolen] Raverat, Period
piece: a Cambridge
childhood, London, Faber & Faber, 1952. |
q.v. |
Quod vide, which see. |
Rogers, James Allen |
The reception of Darwin's Origin
of species
by Russian scientists, Isis, 64:489-508, 1973. |
Short life |
Francis Darwin, editor, Charles
Darwin: his life
told in an autobiographical chapter, and in a selected series of his published
letters,
London, John Murray, 1892. A reduced
version of LL, but with some alterations. Later editions are specified
in the text. |
[page] 16
|
|
Slevin, Joseph Richard |
The Galapagos Islands: a history
of their
exploration, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 25:1-150, 1959. |
Smith, Kenneth G. V. and
Dimick, R. E. |
Darwin's "American"
neighbour, J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 8:78-82, 1976. |
s.p. |
Sine prole, without
issue. |
Stauffer, Robert C. |
Haeckel, Darwin, and ecology, Quart.
Rev. Biol.,
32:138-144, 1957. |
Stauffer, Robert C., editor |
Charles Darwin's Natural
selection: being the second part of his big species book written from
1856 to 1858, Cambridge, University Press, 1975. |
Thomson, Keith Steward |
H.M.S. Beagle,
1820-1870, Amer. Sci.,
63:664-672, 1975. |
Venn |
J. A. Venn, Alumni
Cantabrigienses 1752-1900, 6
vols, Cambridge, University Press, 1922-1954. |
Wells, Kentwood D. |
Charles Wells and the races of
man, Isis,
64:215-225, 1973. |
WH |
Who's who, London, Adam
& Charles Black, 1971-1978.
Used only for the unconsolidated volumes. |
Winslow, John H. |
Mr. Lumb and Masters
Megatherium: an unpublished
letter by Charles Darwin from the Falklands, J. Hist. Geogr.,
1:347-360, 1975. |
Worms |
Charles Darwin, The
formation of vegetable mould through
the action of worms, with observations on their habits, London,
John Murray, 1881. |
WWH |
Who was who, London,
Adam & Charles Black, 6 vols,
1920-1972. Covering the years 1897-1970; issued every 10 years from
standing type of WH. |
[page 17]
A
"Abbety"
|
|
1879 |
A nickname used, with "Boo",
"Mim", "Lenny" (Leonard D) and "Babba" (CD), by Bernard Richard Meirion
D for
members
of the family. None of them is ED. |
Abbot,
Dr Francis Ellingwood, 1836-1903. |
|
American priest. Editor of Index,
of
Cambridge, Mass. |
1871 |
CD letters to on religion—LLi
305. |
Abinger
Hall, West of Dorking, Surrey. |
|
House of Sir
Thomas H. Farrer. |
1873 |
Aug. CD first visited, and
often later, which he
much enjoyed. |
Abraham,
Mr
|
|
Resident at Downe—Darwin-Innes
letters
227. |
Abrolhos,
Arquipélagodos dos, Brazil.
|
|
Coastal
islands south of Salvador. Also spelt "Abrohlos".
|
1832 |
Mar. 27 Beagle visited
and CD
landed. |
1835 |
Misspelt "Abrothos" in Letters
on geology, 4-5. |
Academia
Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina Germanica Naturae
Curiosorum
|
1857 |
CD Member under cognomen
Forster. "Accipe...ex antiqua nostra consuetudine cognomen Forster".
Either the father
Johann Reinhold F (1729-1798), or the son Johann Georg Adam F
(1754-1794), both of whom went on Cook's second voyage. |
Academia
Nacional de Ciencias de las República Argentina,
Cordova.
|
1878 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Academia
Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitana
(Imperatorskaye Akademiya Nauk)
|
1867 |
CD Corresponding Member. |
Académie
des Sciences de l'Institut de France |
1872 |
CD proposed for Zoologie
section, but not elected. |
1878 |
Elected in Botanique.
CD to Gray "It is rather a good joke
that I should be elected to the botanical section, as the extent of my
knowledge is little more than that a daisy is a compositous plant, and
a pea a leguminous one"—LLiii 224. |
1899 |
"He was in fact guilty of
evolution but with extenuating botanical circumstances"—Francis D, Ann.
Bot.,
12:xi. |
Académie
Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts
de Belgique
|
1870 |
CD Associate. |
Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia |
1860 |
CD
Correspondent. |
Acland,
Sir
Henry Wentworth Bart,
1815-1900. |
|
Physician. |
1980 |
Jan. 29, a copy of the CD off
print of Climbing
plants F835
inscribed to H. Acland in CD's own hand in Sotheby sale lot 345. |
[page] 18
Acton, Mr
|
|
1855 |
Postmaster at Bromley. |
Adventure
[1], HMS |
1827-1830
|
Command vessel, under Captain
P. P. King, of first voyage of HMS Beagle. |
Adventure
[2] |
|
Schooner, 170
tons, a sealer, originally built at Rochester as a
yacht, had been used by Lord Cochran. |
1833 |
Mar. bought by Fitz-Roy
on 2nd voyage of Beagle, from William Low or Lowe, at Port
Louis, Falkland Islands, for $6000
(nearly £1300) with £403 for secondhand equipment from two ships
wrecked
on Falkland Is. Then named Unicorn. J. C. Wickham in command. |
1834 |
Oct. Admiralty refused to
reimburse Fitz-Roy, so sold at Valparaiso for $7300
(nearly £1400). |
Agassiz,
Alexander Emanuel, 1835-1910. |
|
Marine
biologist. Son of J. L. R. A. Converted to belief in evolution by
reading
and corresponding with Fritz Müller. Fairly frequent correspondent with
CD. EB. |
1869 |
Dec. 1 visited Down House
with wife. |
Agassiz,
Jean Louis Rodolphe,
1807-1873. |
|
Known as Louis. Ichthyologist
and geologist. Biography: 1886
Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz (2nd wife), 2 vols, Boston; 1893 Holder, New
York. Biography A. B. Gould 1901, J. D. Teller 1947. EB. |
1832-1847 |
Prof.
Natural History Neuchâtel. |
1838 |
Foreign Member R.S. |
1847-1873
|
Prof. Zoology and Geology
Harvard. |
1841 |
CD sent J. Researches.
|
1849 |
CD met at British
Association, Southampton. |
1854 |
CD sent Living
Barnacles. |
1859 |
CD sent Origin. |
1860 |
Jan. Gray to CD "He says it is
poor—very
poor!! (entre nous). The fact is he is very much annoyed by
it"—LLii 268. |
1860 |
Jul. "I shall therefore consider
the transmutation
theory as a scientific mistake, untrue in its facts, unscientific in
its method, and mischievious in its tendency"—Silliman's J.,
143—LLii 184. Agassiz, "Scientific mistake, untrue in its
facts,
unscientific in its methods, and mischievous in its tendency"—Amer.
J. Sci. 30 p. 154.
|
1863 |
CD to Gray "I enjoy anything
that riles Agassiz. He
seems to grow bigoted with increasing years. I once saw him years ago
and was charmed with him"—Darwin-Gray letters 52. |
1866 |
CD to Gray about
an Amazonian glacier "We [CD and Lyell] were both astonished at the
nonsense which Agassiz writes...his predetermined wish partly
explains what he fancied he observed"—Darwin-Gray letters 56. |
|
A
continued against CD for the rest of his life and ML contains a number
of other examples of his attitude and his absurdity. |
Ainstie,
Mr |
|
Resident at Downe. |
1860 |
Innes was
looking for a vicarage. A was perhaps selling his house and wanted
£4000—Darwin-Innes letters 205, 207. |
Ainsworth,
F. W. |
|
Medical student
at Edinburgh with CD and shore
collected with him including Isle of May and Inchkeith— Athenaeum
May 13 p. 604, 1882. |
Ainsworth,
William Francis, 1807-1896. |
|
Physician,
Wernerian geologist and middle-east traveller. CD "Knew a little
about many subjects, but was superficial and very glib with his
tongue"—Barlow, Autobiography 48. DNB. |
Airy,
Sir George
Biddell
A., 1801-1892. |
|
Father of Hubert A.
|
Airy,
Dr Hubert, 1838-1903. |
|
Son of Sir George Biddell A. One
of the people who pointed
out the error in Descent i
19 that the platysmus myoides cannot be brought into action
voluntarily. |
1828-1835 |
Professor
of Astronomy Cambridge. |
1835-1881 |
Astronomer Royal. |
1836 |
FRS. |
1873 |
CD corresponded with on
phyllotaxis, Proc. Roy. Soc.,
176. |
[page] 19
|
|
Albury,
near Guildford, Surrey.
|
1871 |
Jul. 28-Aug. 24 CD
had a family holiday in a rented house. It belonged to Henry Drummond,
the Irvingite. |
Alderson,
Lady Georgina [I], see
Drewe. |
Alderson,
Georgina [II]
|
|
Daughter of Sir
Edward
H. A. Married Marquis of Salisbury. |
1882 |
A was on "Personal Friends
invited"
list for CD's funeral. |
Alderson,
Sir Edward Hall, 1787-1857.
|
|
Judge, Baron of
the Exchequer. |
1823 |
Married Georgina Drewe.
Had issue,
amongst others,
Georgina [II]. |
1827 |
Lived Great Russell St, London.
"A most temperate
man". |
Allan,
Mr and Mrs |
|
Resident at Downe. |
1868 |
Sep. Mr
Robinson, Curate at Downe, had been having a relationship with one of
Mrs Allan's maids, Esther West—Darwin-Innes letters 226.—Brent p. 460. |
Allen,
Bertha, see Eaton. |
Allen,
Baugh [I], see Lancelot Baugh A. |
Allen,
Baugh [II], see George Baugh A. |
Allen,
Bessy, see Elizabeth A. |
Allen,
Bob, see Seymour Phillips A. |
Allen,
Caroline [I], 1768-1835.
|
|
Third child of John Bartlett
A. ED's aunt. |
1793 |
Married Edward Drewe. |
Allen,
Caroline [II], see Romilly. |
Allen,
Catherine [I], 1765-1830 May 6.
|
|
Second child of John
Bartlett A. Known as "Kitty". ED's
great aunt. "She could neither make herself or others happy". |
1798 |
Married Sir James
Mackintosh. |
Allen,
Catherine [II], see Fellowes. |
Allen,
Charles, 1842-? |
|
Died young. Third child of
Lancelot
Baugh A and Georgina Sarah A. ED's second cousin. |
Allen,
Charles Grant Blairfindie, 1848-1899. |
|
Known as Grant A. Naturalist and
general writer. Chronically sick and often in
financial difficulty. A was not related to the other
Allens. Biography: E. Clodd 1900. WWH. |
1877 |
CD to A, thanks for his book Physiological
aesthetics, London. |
1879 |
CD to Romanes, A was in some
financial
difficulty, CD subscribed £25, will send more if needed—Carroll 567,
569. |
1881 |
CD to Romanes relates to A's
trouble, acknowledging cheque
for £12.10s in 50% repayment of loan, and about giving a present of a
microscope to—Carroll 603. |
1882 |
CD to Romanes, CD prefers to
give the
microscope now, rather than wait for the repayment of the other half of
the
loan—Carroll 612, 613. |
1885 |
ED "I do not
like Grant Allen's book about your father. It is prancing and wants
simplicity". |
[page] 20
|
|
Allen,
Clement Frederick Romilly 1844-?
|
|
First child of
Lancelot Baugh Allen and Georgina Sarah. ED's second cousin. |
1877 |
Married Edith Louisa Wedgwood
and had offspring. |
Allen,
Dorothea Hannah, see Eaton. |
Allen,
Edith Louisa, see Wedgwood. |
Allen,
Edmund Eaton, 1824-1898.
|
|
Second child of Lancelot Baugh
A and Caroline. ED's second
cousin. |
1848 |
Married Bertha Eaton and had
offspring. |
Allen,
Elizabeth [I], see
Sarah Elizabeth Allen. |
Allen,
Elizabeth [II], see Hensleigh. |
Allen,
Elizabeth Jessie Jane, circa 1846-?
|
|
Second child of Lancelot
Baugh A and Georgina Sarah. ED's first cousin. |
Allen,
Emma, 1780-1866 Jun. 4.
|
|
Tenth child of John Bartlett
A. Unmarried. ED's aunt. ED named after her. |
1843 |
Moved from Creselly to
Heywood Lodge, Heywood Lane, Tenby, on death of her brother John
Hensleigh A. |
1864 |
Returned to Cresselly with
sister Frances after death
of brother John's wife. |
Allen,
Fanny, see Frances A. |
Allen,
Frances, 1781-1875 May 6.
|
|
Eleventh child of John
Bartlett A. Unmarried. Known as "Fanny". ED's aunt. |
1843 |
Moved to Heywood
Lodge, Heywood Lane, Tenby, on death of her brother John Hensleigh A.
"A
little low white house...the sleek spaniel Crab, and the well cared
for garden". |
1864 |
Returned to Creselly, with
sister Emma, on death of
brother John's wife. F. A. was last surviving member of her generation. |
Allen,
George Baugh, 1821-1898.
|
|
Barrister. First child of
Lancelot Baugh A and Caroline. ED's first cousin. |
1846 |
Married Dorothea Hannah Eaton
and had
offspring. |
Allen,
Georgina Sarah, see Bayly. |
Allen,
Gertrude, see Seymour. |
Allen,
Gertrude Elizabeth, ?-1824.
|
|
Fifth child of John
Hensleigh A. Unmarried. ED's first cousin. |
Allen,
Grant, see Charles Grant
Blairfindie A. |
Allen,
Harriet, 1776-1845 Nov. 5. |
|
Seventh child of John Bartlett
A. Known as "Sad". ED's aunt. |
1799 |
Married Matthew Surtees. |
1827 |
After death of husband, lived
with sisters Emma and Frances at Tenby. |
[page] 21
|
|
Allen,
Harry, see Henry George A. |
Allen,
Henry George, 1815-1908. |
|
Second child of John Hensleigh
A. Unmarried. ED's first cousin. |
Allen,
Isabella Georgina, 1818-1914. |
|
Fourth child of John
Hensleigh A. |
1840 |
Married George Lort Phillips. |
Allen,
Jane, see Louisa Jane A. |
Allen,
"Jenny", see Louisa Jane A. |
Allen,
Jessie, 1777-1853 Mar. 3. |
|
Eighth child of John Bartlett
A. ED's favourite aunt. Her description of CD's character: "Fresh and
sparkling as the purest water"—Leonard D p. 127.
|
1819 |
Married J. C. L. Simonde de
Sismondi. |
by 1837 |
Was
already deaf. |
1842 |
After death of husband, lived
with her sisters,
Emma, Frances and Harriet, at Tenby. |
after
1842 |
She burnt Sismondi's
journals and her own. |
Allen,
John, 1810-1886. |
|
Friend of Edward FitzGerald
and of Alfred Tennyson.
|
1836-1846
|
School Commissioner. |
1847-1883
|
Archdeacon of Salop. |
1847 |
Visited, with Jessie Sismondi
and her
sister Emma, the school at Caldy Island, which was paid for by Sarah
Elizabeth Wedgwood [II]—EDii 107. |
Allen,
John Bartlett, 1733-1803. |
|
CD's maternal great-grandfather.
Of Creselly, Pembrokeshire.
|
1763 |
Married 1 Elizabeth Hensleigh. 2
sons, 9 daughters: 1. Elizabeth; 2. Catherine; 3. Caroline; 4. John
Hensleigh; 5. Louisa Jane; 6. Lancelot Baugh; 7. Harriet; 8. Jessie; 9.
Octavia; 10. Emma; 11. Frances. |
|
Married 2 the daughter of a
coalminer. 3 daughters who
all died young. |
Allen,
John Hensleigh [I], 1769-1843 Apr. |
|
Fourth child of John
Bartlett A. ED's uncle. |
1812 |
Married Gertrude Seymour. 3
sons, 2 daughters:
1.
Seymour Phillips; 2.
Henry George; 3. John Hensleigh [II]; 4. Isabella Georgina; 5. Gertrude
Elizabeth. |
1820 |
Master of Dulwich College after
Lancelot Baugh
A's marriage. |
Allen,
John Hensleigh [II], 1818-1868. |
|
Third child of John
Hensleigh A [I]. Known as "Johnny" as a child. Colonial Office. Worked
much amongst the London poor. ED's first cousin. |
|
Married Margaretta Snelgar. |
Allen,
"Kitty", see Catherine A. |
Allen,
Lancelot Baugh, 1774-1845 Oct. |
|
Seventh child of John
Hensleigh A [I]. Known as Baugh. ED's uncle. |
|
Married 1 Caroline Romilly 2
sons:
1.
George Baugh; 2. Edmund
Edward.
|
|
Married 2 Georgina Sarah Bayley
2 sons, 1 daughter:
1. Clement Frederick; 2.
Elizabeth Jessie Jane; 3. Charles. |
1811 |
Assistant
Warden
of Dulwich College. |
1811-1820
|
Master of Dulwich
College. |
1819-1825.
|
Solicitor, Police Magistrate. |
Allen,
Louisa Jane, 1771-1836. |
|
Fifth child of John Bartlett A.
Known as
Jane or "Jenny". ED's aunt. |
1794 |
Married John Wedgwood [IV]. |
|
Died suddenly
at Shrewsbury when consulting Dr R. W. Darwin. |
Allen,
Margaretta, see Snelgar. |
[page] 22
|
|
Allen,
Octavia, 1779-1800.
|
|
Ninth child (eighth daughter) of
John Bartlett
A. Unmarried. ED's aunt. |
Allen,
"Sad", see Harriet A. |
Allen,
Sarah Elizabeth [I], 1768-1846 Mar. 31. |
|
First child of
John
Bartlett A. Known as "Bessy". CD's
mother-in-law. |
1792 |
Married Josiah Wedgwood [II]. |
1833 |
Early this year had a stroke,
damaging a foot, and
never walked again. Was bedridden for about last
ten years and later
mentally ill as well. |
Allen,
Seymour Phillips, 1814-1861.
|
|
First child of John
Hensleigh A [I]. ED's first
cousin. |
1843 |
Married Catherine Fellowes and
had
offspring. |
Allfrey,
Charles Henry, 1838/39-1912.
|
|
Physician of
St Mary Cray and Chislehurst. Brent p. 505 spells "Alfrey". |
1882 |
A attended CD in his terminal
illness. Signed CD's death certificate which was at the
Register, Bromley; copy at Cambridge 140.5.
A was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's
funeral. |
Alvey,
Elizabeth
|
|
Daughter of Matthew A. Origin of
forename
Alvey in family. Married John Hill. Erasmus D's grandmother. CD's
great-great-grandmother. |
Alvey,
Frances, see Wymonsold. |
Alvey,
Matthew
|
|
Son of William A. CD's ancestor
in fifth
generation. |
Alvey,
William, ?-1649.
|
|
Married Frances Wymonsold.
Father of
Matthew A. CD's ancestor in 6th generation. |
Alwyne,
Mrs
|
1871 |
Played organ in Downe church. |
"Amazon
valley fauna"
|
1863 |
"Contributions to an insect
fauna of the Amazon valley", Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
23:495-566,
2 col. plates, by H. W. Bates. |
|
Review of [unsigned] by CD, Nat.
Hist. Rev.,
3:219-224 (Bii 87, F1725). An unsigned review of Henry Walter Bates, Naturalist on the River Amazons, is
not considered a review by Darwin but in the printed catalogue in the
Department of Printed Books in the British museum—Burkhardt. See
also
Naturalist on the river Amazons. |
American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston.
|
1873 |
CD Foreign Honorary Member. |
American
Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. |
|
For their holdings in CD letters
etc., see
P. T. Carroll. |
1870 |
CD Honorary Member. |
"Ammonium
carbonate"
|
1882 |
"The action of carbonate of
ammonia on the roots of certain plants", J. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
(Bot.),
19:239-261 (Bii 236, F1800). |
|
"The action of carbonate of
ammonia on
chlorophyll bodies", ibid., 19:262-284 (Bii 256, F1801). |
|
Abstract of these two papers by
Francis D, Nature, Lond.,
25:489-490. |
Ampthill
Park |
1826 |
Home of Sir James
Mackintosh, lent to him by H. R. V. F. Holland, Baron Holland. |
Anderson,
John Parker |
|
A was at Department of Printed
Books, British Museum. |
1887 |
In G. T. Bettany, Life
of Charles Darwin, bibliography of CD and Darwiniana is the
earliest source and still important.
|
Andersson,
Nils Johan, 1821-1880.
|
|
Swedish botanist
who visited Galapagos Islands in the frigate Eugenie. CD
perhaps
sent him first edition of Origin—LLii 172. |
[page] 23
|
|
Angra
do Heroisma, Capital of Terceira, Azores.
|
1836 |
Sep. 19-24 Beagle
anchored off. CD visited. |
Angulus
Woolneri |
|
The infolded point of the human
ear, also called A. Woolnerianus and Darwin's peak—LLiii 140; Nature,
Lond., Apr. 6, 1871. See also Woolner. |
Animal
intelligence |
1882 |
George J. Romanes, Animal
intelligence, London, International Scientific Series XLI.
Extracts from CD's notes throughout (F1416). See also
Stauffer
1975. |
|
First foreign editions: |
1883 |
USA (F1419). |
1887 |
French (F1429). |
Ann Green of Clifton |
|
Historical novel by Ethel
Winifred
Baker, 1936, reprint 1974. Chapter 10 describes a childrens party at
Cote
House 1817, where the eponymous heroine, aged 8, meets CD and EW who
are staying at the house. John Wedgwood is mentioned as having once
owned the house, as is Thomas Wedgwood [II] as the first photographer.
No
evidence that CD or EW ever visited Cote. |
Anne
|
?1865-1879 |
Domestic servant at Down House. |
Ansted,
David Thomas, 1814-1880. |
|
Geologist. Prof. Geology
King's College London. |
1844 |
FRS. |
1860 |
CD to about Origin
and about Geological gossip, 1860, by A.—MLi
175. |
Anthropological
Society |
1862 |
CD Honorary Fellow from
foundation. |
Anthropologische
Gesellschafte, Vienna. |
1872 |
CD
Honorary Member. |
"Ants"
|
1873 |
[letter] "Habits of ants", Nature,
Lond. 8:244 (Bii 177, F1761); introducing a letter from James D. Hague.
|
"Ape",
cartoonist, see Carlo Pellegrini. |
Appleman,
Philip |
1970 |
Darwin, New York;
extracts from CD's works selected by A (F1624). |
Appleton,
Mary |
|
American spiritualist, known as
"Molly". Sister of Thomas Gold A and Frances Elizabeth A (Mrs
H.
W. Longfellow). Married Robert Mackintosh. |
Appleton,
Thomas Gold, 1812-1884. |
|
Spiritualist and
poet. Better described as wit, literateur, interested in
spiritualism. Brother of Mary A and Frances Elizabeth A (Mrs
H. W.
Longfellow). |
1868 |
A called on CD at Freshwater,
Isle of Wight. |
Arding,
Willoughby, 1805-1879. |
|
Physician. Ashworth
identifies CD's Edinburgh naturalist friend "Hardie" as A, but CD says
that Hardie died early in India. A was at Bombay and then Wallingford,
Berkshire. |
Argyll,
8th Duke of, see George Douglas
Campbell. |
Armenian
|
|
First editions in: |
1877 |
Biographical
sketch of an infant (F1310). |
1896 |
Vegetable mould and worms
(F1402). |
1936 |
Origin of species
(F630). |
1949 |
Journal of
researches (F168). |
1959 |
Autobiography
(F1510). |
Armstrong,
Robert |
|
Physician at Royal Naval
Hospital
Plymouth and Inspector of Fleets. |
1833 |
CD sent a large box of fossils
to A for forwarding to Henslow—Darwin-Henslow 81. |
Artizans'
Dwelling Company |
1871 |
CD took 10 shares
at £100 each from John Royle Martin—Carroll 403. |
1881 |
CD did not then own
them—Atkins 96. |
[page] 24
|
|
Ascension
Island, Atlantic Ocean. |
1836 |
Jul. 19 Beagle
arrived. |
|
Jul. 20 CD ashore. |
Ash,
Edward John, 1799-1851. |
|
Bursar of Christ's
College Cambridge—Darwin-Henslow 120. Rector of Brisely and Vicar of
Gateley, Yorkshire. |
1831 |
Nov. 15 A failed to subtract
furniture value from CD's final account with the College—LLi 215. |
1836 or 1837 |
CD had dinner in A's rooms in Christ's College. DAR112. |
Ashburner,
Misses |
|
Aunts of Sara Sedgwick. Their
father was "the
youth beloved" of Mrs John Opie's (née Amelia Alderson) poem
"Forget me not". |
1871 |
George D and Francis D
stayed with them in USA. |
Ashworth,
Emily |
1848 |
Married Edward Forbes. |
Ashworth,
James Hartley, 1874-1936. |
|
Zoologist. Prof. Zoology
Edinburgh. See
also Plinian Society. WWH. |
1917 |
FRS. |
1935 |
"Charles Darwin as a student at
Edinburgh", Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 55:97-113, esp. 103-104. |
Asiatic
Society of Bengal, Calcutta. |
1871
|
CD
Honorary Member. |
Athenaeum
Club, Pall Mall, London. |
1838 |
Before Aug.
CD elected member, one of 40 new members called "The 40 Thieves",
proposed by Marquis of Landsdowne. CD used the Club a lot before
marriage. See Barlow Autobiography
35. |
"Auditory-Sac"
|
1863 |
"On the so-called 'auditory-sac'
of cirripedes", Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:115-116 (Bii 85, F1722). |
Audubon,
John James, 1780-1851. |
|
American
ornithologist. CD met and heard him lecture at Edinburgh. "Sneering
somewhat unjustly at Waterton"—Barlow Autobiography
51. |
1830 |
FRS. |
Australia
|
1836 |
Jan. 12-Mar. 16 Beagle
was
at. |
1839 |
"Farewell Australia! you are a
rising infant and doubtless
some day will reign a great princess in the south, but you are too
great and ambitious for affection, yet not great enough for respect. I
leave your shores without sorrow or regret"—J. Researches 538.
|
"Autobiographical
Fragment" |
1838 |
This autobiography
of CD's early years was written in this year.
|
1903 |
Printed first in
MLi 1-5. |
|
Foreign editions: |
1903 |
USA in stereo edition of
ML. |
1959 |
Russian,
fragment alone. |
Autobiography
|
1876 |
Written between late May and
Aug. 3 with later additions. Ms title "Recollections of the development
of my mind and character". Ms at Cambridge. |
1887 |
first printed in LLi 26-160,
with omissions which might possibly have caused
offence to ED. |
1892 |
Abbreviated version printed in Charles
Darwin:
his life, 5-54. |
1958 |
Nora Barlow, editor, The
autobiography
of Charles Darwin 1809-1882. With the original omissions restored,
London (F1497): a retranscription of the original mss, which lists,
244-245, the more important omissions. See also Russian
edition 1957 below. |
1958 |
English braille edition based on
Barlow
(F1509). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1891 |
Polish (F1538). |
1896 |
Russian (F1533). |
1902 |
Spanish (F1544). |
1908 |
USA (F1478). |
1909 |
Danish (F1512). |
1919 |
Italian (F1522). |
1937 |
Serbian (F1542). |
1948 |
Hebrew (F1520). |
1949 |
Ukrainian (F1547). |
1953 |
Latvian (F1526). |
1955 |
Hungarian (F1521). |
|
Armenian (F1510). |
|
Bulgarian (F1511). |
|
German (F1519). |
|
Lithuanian
(F1527). |
1959 |
Slovene (F1534). |
1962 |
Romanian (F1532). |
1965 |
Korean (F1525). |
1957 |
Russian (F1540) is an
independent transcription from the
ms and precedes Barlow 1958. |
|
See also: |
1908 |
The
education
of Darwin, Old South work Leaflets, 8:194 (F1478). |
1903 |
A. C. Seward,
editor, Darwin and modern science; autobiographical fragment
(F1479). |
[page] 25
|
|
Avebury,
Baron, see Sir John Lubbock Bart. |
Avebury,
Lady, see Alice A. L. L. Fox. |
Aveling,
Dr Edward Bibbins, 1851-1898. |
|
Medical
practitioner, freethinker and crook. Took as common law wife Eleanor
Marx, daughter of Karl Marx. See also H. K.
Marx. |
1880
|
Oct. 12 A to CD. A wanted to
dedicate a book on free
thought to CD.
|
|
Oct. 13 CD declined.—P. Thomas
Carroll and
Ralph
Colp (ref. not given). |
1881 |
A visited Down House—LLi 317. |
1881 |
The
student's Darwin. |
1882 |
Darwinism and small families.
|
1883 |
The religious views of
Charles Darwin. |
Azores,
Atlantic Ocean. |
1836 |
Sep. 19 Beagle
anchored off Angra do Heroisma, capital of Terceira; CD visited Praya
(Praia de Victoria). |
|
Sep. 25 Beagle called
at St Michael (Sāo
Miguel) for letters and left for England. |
[page 26]
B
|
|
"Babba"
|
|
Bernard Richard Meirion D's
infant name for
CD. Bernard D p. 27 spells "Baba". |
Babbage,
Charles, 1792-1871. |
|
Mathematician. CD regularly
attended his "famous evening parties" in London—Barlow Autobiography
108. "A man who did not seem to like his fellow men"—FUL 84. DNB. |
1816 |
FRS. |
1828-1839
|
Lucasian Prof. Mathematics
Cambridge. |
Babington,
Charles Cardale, 1808-1895. |
|
Botanist. DNB. |
1851 |
FRS. |
1861 |
Prof. Botany Cambridge,
succeeding Henslow. |
1863 |
Founded
Cambridge Ray Club as a successor to Henslow's evenings. |
Backgammon
|
|
CD and ED played two games every
evening
when they were at Down House for many years. He won most games, she
most gammons. |
1876 |
Jan. 28 CD to Gray "she poor
creature has won only
2490 games, whilst I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games!"—EDii 221. |
Bacon,
Tobacconist of Cambridge. |
|
The shop is now in
the Market. |
1828 |
CD lodged over
his shop in Sidney St, "for a term or two"—LLi 163. |
Baer,
Karl Ernst, Ritter von, Edler von Huthorn,
1792-1876. |
|
Embryologist. Born in Estonia of
German parents who were
Russian subjects. See J. A.
Rogers, Isis, 64:488-493, 1972. |
1867 |
Copley Medal of Royal Society. |
1834- |
Librarian Academy
of Sciences St Petersburg. |
1860 |
Aug. B wrote to Huxley generally
pro-Origin, although he never fully accepted CD's views—LLii
329. |
1861 |
CD refers to B in Historical
sketch. |
Bagley,
Major |
|
CD to
Catherine D mentions as if he was a Shrewsbury
friend—D and Beagle p. 67-9. |
Bagshaw's
Directory |
|
for Kent. |
1847 |
described CD
as "farmer"—Keith 44. |
Bahia,
see Salvador. |
Bahia
Blanca, Argentine. |
|
A military outpost, known
as Fort Antonio, separating the Pampas from Patagonia. |
1832 |
Sep. 7-28 Beagle
at. |
1833 |
Aug. 25-Sep. 6 CD passed through
on his journey from Rio Negro
to Buenos Aires. |
Bain,
Alexander, 1818-1903. |
|
Philosopher. Prof. Logic
Aberdeen. |
1873 |
CD to about B's theory of
spontaneity. They had met at
Moor Park Hydro—LLiii 172. |
[page] 27
|
|
Baily
|
|
"Baily the poulterer"—MLi 139. A
seller of
fancy pigeons, poultry, rabbits in London. |
circa
1851 |
Mentioned several
times in LLii. CD arranged tickets for him to attend a lecture by
Huxley—MLi 139. He was trying to get a half-lop rabbit for CD—MLi 181. |
Baird,
Spencer Fullerton, 1823-1887. |
|
American
ornithologist. |
1850-1878
|
Assistant Secretary Smithsonian
Institution Washington. |
1867 |
B showed Queries about
expression
to George Gibbs. |
1878- |
Secretary. |
Baker
|
|
A dealer in the fancy, London. B
was trying
to get a half-lop rabbit for CD—MLi 181. |
Baker,
Charles B. |
1836 |
Dec. A missionary at Bay of
Islands, New
Zealand. CD was shown round by him. See also Thomas Kendall
and John King. |
Baker,
Nathaniel |
|
Civil Servant. |
1875 |
Secretary to
Vivisection Commission, to which CD gave evidence—LLiii 201. |
Balfour,
Sir Arthur James, Earl of
Balfour, 1848-1930. |
|
Cambridge friend of CD's sons.
Statesman. DNB. |
1882 |
Was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral, with Miss Balfour his sister. |
1888 |
FRS. |
1902-1905 |
Prime Minister. |
1916 |
OM. |
1922 |
1st Earl, KG. |
Balfour,
Francis Maitland,
1851-1882. |
|
Embryologist. Strong
personal
friend of CD's sons at Cambridge. |
1878 |
FRS. |
1880 |
Jul. CD lunched with at
Cambridge. |
1881 |
Oct. B took
tea with CD and ED at Cambridge. "He has a fair fortune of his own.
He is very modest, and very pleasant, and often visits here [Down
House] and we like him very much"—LLiii 251. B told George D that he
had never seen an experiment carried out except under anaesthesia—LLiii
203. |
1881 |
A
treatise on comparative embryology, 2 vols. |
1882 |
Prof. Animal Morphology
Cambridge. |
1882 |
B was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1882 |
Jul. Killed climbing on the
Aiguille
Blanche. |
Bangor,
Caernarvonshire. |
1831 |
Aug. CD visited on
geological trip with Sedgwick. |
1843 |
Jun. CD visited. |
Banks,
Sir Joseph,
1743-1820. |
|
DNB. |
1766 |
FRS. |
1768-1771 |
Was
with Cook on 1st voyage. |
1778-1820
|
PRS. |
"Bar
of sandstone off Pernambuco" |
1841 |
"On a
remarkable bar of sandstone off Pernambuco, on the coast of Brazil", Phil.
Mag.,
19:257-260 (Bi 139, F266). |
|
Foreign editions: |
|
French [not traced]. |
1904 |
Portuguese (F268). |
1936 |
Russian (F270). |
1959 |
Portuguese, English,
French, as a pamphlet, (F269). |
[page] 28
|
|
Barbeiro
|
|
A large house bug (Triatoma
infestans,
Reduviidae) of South America. Vector of Chagas disease q.v., also
lives in burrows of armadilloes. Also called benchuca. Barbeiro is
Portuguese meaning "barber". Vinchuca is Spanish
meaning "insect which falls"—this is ? the same as I have for benchuca—New
Scientist 1981, Oct. 31 for details of Chagas disease. |
Barbier,
Edmond (d. 1880) |
|
Translator of CD's works into
French. |
1879 |
Summer, B visited Down House for
lunch with Francisque Sarcey. |
Lucy
Barclay |
|
Married Samuel John Galton.
Mother of Samuel Tertius G.
|
Barellien,
Mlle |
1865 |
B taught Elizabeth D French at
Down House. |
Barlaston
Lea, Staffordshire. |
|
Home of Francis Wedgwood, near
Upper House. |
1852 |
CD and ED visited on journey
to Rugby, Betley and Shrewsbury. |
1866 |
Home of
Clement Wedgwood on marriage. |
1878 |
Jun. CD and ED visited. |
Barlow,
Mrs |
|
"My father used to quote an
unanswerable argument by which an old lady, a Mrs Barlow, who suspected
him of unorthodoxy, hoped to convert him:—'Doctor, I know that sugar is
sweet in my mouth, and I know that my Redeemer liveth'"—Barlow Autobiography
96. |
Barlow,
Lady Emma Nora, see Emma Nora
Darwin. |
Barlow,
Erasmus Darwin |
|
Son of Emma Nora and Sir James
Alan Noel B. Father of Phyllida. Physician, psychiatrist, trained
UCL. |
Barlow,
Hilda Horatia,
1919- .
|
|
Daughter of Emma Nora and Sir
James Alan Noel B. |
1944 |
Married
John
Hunter Padel. 3 sons, 2 daughters. |
Barlow,
Horace Basil,
1921- .
|
|
Son of Emma Nora and Sir James
Alan Noel B. |
1964 |
FRS. |
until 1984
|
Royal Society
Research
Professor,
Physiology, Cambridge, retired 1984. |
Barlow,
Sir James Alan Noel, Bart, 1881-1966. |
|
Known as Alan. Civil Servant.
WWH. |
1947 |
GCB. |
1948 |
2nd Bart. |
1911 |
Married Emma Nora
Darwin. 4 sons 2 daughters. See
Emma
Nora
Darwin. |
Barlow,
Phyllida |
|
Granddaughter of Emma Nora B.
Married
Fabian
Peake. |
Barlow,
Sir
Thomas Erasmus, Bart,
1914- .
|
|
Son of Emma Nora and Sir James
Alan Noel B. DSC DL. |
Barmouth,
Caernarvonshire. |
1828 |
Summer, CD went on a
coaching holiday under G. A. Butterton. |
1829 |
Jun. CD visited with F. W.
Hope to collect beetles, but CD had to return home after two days owing
to illness. |
1831 |
CD visited alone after
geological tour with Sedgwick. |
1869 |
Jun. 10-Jul. 30 family holiday
at
Caerdeon, two miles east of, on north side
of estuary. |
Barnacles
|
|
"Then where does he do his
barnacles?"
This story of a child's misunderstanding is Lubbock's—MLi 38. For CD's
work on barnacles see
Cirripedia. |
Barnard,
Anne, see Henslow. |
Barrande,
Joachim, 1799-1883. |
|
Invertebrate
palaeontologist. |
1855 |
CD to Huxley, CD to Lyell, CD
had proposed him
for Foreign Member of Royal Society. He was not elected—MLi 81, MLii
231. |
Barrett,
Paul E.
|
1977 |
Editor of The collected
papers of Charles Darwin, 2 vols, Chicago. References to entries
in this most useful work are given for each paper entered here as B,
followed by volume and page number. See also Howard E.
Gruber, Darwin's notebooks. |
Barrow,
Sir John, Bart, 1764-1848. |
|
Civil Servant. DNB. |
1805 |
FRS. |
1835 |
1st Bart. |
1836 |
B communicated Fitz-Roy's paper
on Beagle voyage to J. R. Geogr. Soc., 6:311-343. |
?1850 |
CD to E. Cresy, CD considered
that naval expeditions, especially
those in search of missing vessels, were a waste of money. Barrow was
much in
favour of them. "That old sinner"—MLi 68. |
[page] 29
|
|
Bartlett,
Abraham Dee, 1812-1897. |
1859-1897
|
Superintendent,
Zoological Society′s Gardens, Regent's Park, London.
Frequently helped CD by answering queries and sending material. |
Basket,
Fuegia, ?1821-?1883. |
|
Woman, native name Yokcushlu, of
the Alakaluf tribe from the western islands of Tierra del
Fuego. |
1830 |
Mar. After one of the Beagle's
boats was stolen B was captured as a hostage. She was named "Basket" to
commemorate the return of the crew to the Beagle
in a woven basket. Taken to England by Fitz-Roy,
then aged about 9. |
1833 |
Jan. 23 B returned in Beagle
and aged only 12 married
York Minster, q.v. She "daily increases in every direction except
height"—Keynes
p. xi. |
1839 |
Fitz-Roy gives her name in
Alikhoolip language as Yokcushlu. |
?1843 |
"Captain Sulivan...heard from a
sealer, that...he was astonished by a native woman coming on board
who could talk some English. Without doubt this was Fuegia Basket. She
lived (I fear the term bears a double interpretation) some days on
board"—J. Researches, 1845, 229. |
circa
1872, 1883
|
T. Bridges saw her, and
again in 1883 when she was old and "nearing her end". |
Bassett,
North Stoneham, Southampton. |
1862-1902 |
Ridgmount,
home of William Erasmus D, sold on death of his wife Sarah. |
Bassoon
|
|
FD of CD "Finding the cotyledons
of
Biophytum to be highly sensitive to vibrations of the table, he fancied
that they might perceive the vibrations of sound, and therefore made me
play my bassoon to it"—LLi 149. |
Bateman,
James, 1811-1897. |
|
Botanist and plant breeder
especially of orchids. Sent CD plants of Anagraecum sesquipedale,
a native of Madagascar, which is now known to be fertilized by a
sphingid moth, Xanthopan morgani, with proboscis about 25 cm.
long. |
Bates,
Henry Walter 1825-1892. |
|
Traveller and
naturalist. Darwin-Bates correspondence
published in R. M. Stecher, Ann. Sci., 25:1-47, 95-125, 1969.
Biography: G. Woodcock 1969; H. P. Moon 1977. DNB. |
1861 |
Married Sarah Ann Mason. 3 sons,
2 daughters. |
1861 |
CD
sent B 3rd edition of Origin—MLi 176. |
1863 |
CD was most impressed by Naturalist
on the river Amazons, "the best work on natural travels ever
published in England"—LLii 381. |
1863 |
Review of Amazons
book, in Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:385-389, is almost certainly
not
by
CD. It is attributed to CD in early printings of Everyman edition of
the book and from there by British Museum printed catalogue.
|
1863 |
Review of B's paper on insect
fauna of the Amazon valley, which discusses Batesian mimicry, Trans.
Linn. Soc. Lond.,
23:495-566, in Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:219-224. An unsigned review
of Henry Walter Bates, Naturalist on
the River Amazons, is not considered a review by Darwin but in
the printed catalogue in the Department of Printed Books in the British
museum—Burkhardt. |
1864-1892 |
Assistant Secretary
to Geographical Society.
|
1881 |
FRS. |
[page] 30
|
|
Bates,
Marston, and Humphrey, Philip S. |
1956 |
The
Darwin reader, New York, (F1613), selections from CD's works by. |
Bathurst,
New South Wales, Australia. |
1836 |
Jan. 20 CD
visited from Sydney. |
1949 |
A monument was erected to
commemorate CD's visit 1836. |
Baxter,
Mr |
|
Resident in Downe—Darwin-Innes
205. |
Bayley,
Georgina Sarah, ?-1859. |
1841 |
Married as second wife
Lancelot Baugh Allen. |
Beagle
[I] |
|
His/Her Majesty's Ship,
sometimes
called by
Fitz-Roy His Majesty's Surveying Vessel. Third of the name. Sloop brig
rigged as a brig. Built at Woolwich on the Thames. |
1820 |
May
11 launched. |
1825 |
Rerigged as a barque.
|
|
Displacement 235 tons; length of
gundeck
90′; extreme breadth 24′ 6″; keel for tonnage 73′ 7 7/8″; light draught
7′ 7″ forward, 9′ 5″ aft. [Measurements differ slightly.]
|
|
No. 41 of a class of 107 ten-gun
brigs which
were nicknamed "coffins", or "half-tide rocks", from their ability to
go
down as sea swept over waist in bad weather. |
|
Guns varied, normally 7; 1 x 6
lb
carronade, 2 x 6 lb fore guns, 2 x 6 lb aft guns, 2 x 9 lb, all
brass. |
|
Much error has appeared in
descriptions of Beagle.
Revell scale model (x cl/110) 1972. Best contemporary illustrations can
be found together in A. Moorehead, Darwin and the Beagle,
1969. See N&R 62, much in error; J. R. Slevin, Occ.
Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
25:75-88, 1959; K. S. Thomson, Amer. Sci., 63:664-672, 1975.
The original of the Philip Gidley King sketch of the layout is at the
Mitchell
Library, New South
Wales. |
1826-1830
|
FIRST SURVEYING VOYAGE: |
|
To South America, in company
with
HMS Adventure, Captain P. P. King who commanded the
expedition. Beagle commanded by
Lieut. Pringle
Stokes. |
1826 |
Aug.-Nov. Acting command of
Lieut. Skyring.
|
1828 |
Aug. 12 Stokes committed
suicide,
thereafter commanded by Fitz-Roy. |
|
Beagle [I], First
voyage—Patagonia and
Tierra del Fuego.
Extracted from a journal of the surveying expedition composed of His
Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle. 1830 United
Services Journal
part 2:461-67 (Oct.), 671-9 (Nov.), 793-800 (Dec.). John Lort Stokes
copy
shown to me by MEK 1980 Feb. 23. |
1831-1836
|
SECOND SURVEYING VOYAGE: |
|
To South America and round the
world 1831
Dec. 27 to 1836 Oct. 2. Total time away from England 1737 days (1835
Nov. 15 crossed date line, one day lost). Commanded by Commander
Fitz-Roy, Captain 1835 Dec. |
|
On second voyage carried 2 9lb
guns and 4
carronades; special fittings included upper deck raised 8-12″, Lihou's
rudder, Harris's conductors on all masts, 22 chronometers: 11
government, 6 Fitz-Roy, 4 on loan from makers,
1 Lord Ashburnham. |
|
Complement
74; 16 are listed by name in Narrative ii, and without names
Acting Boatswain, Sergeant of Marines and 7 privates, 34 seamen and
6 boys. There were 4 supernumeraries who are named, including CD, 3
Fuegians, Fitz-Roy's steward and CD's servant Syms Covington, who
started as one of the boys. Complement varied; list 1836 Oct. at Down
House, CD Diary
1832 Jul. 24 "76 souls on board 1 Sgt + 8 marines, 34 seamen, 10
idlers,
2 petty officers, 14 officers, 5 extras (3 Fuegians, CD and Earle). |
|
CD on board as supernumerary, a
guest of Fitz-Roy, throughout voyage, but often on shore when Beagle
was surveying. |
|
Details of day-to-day positions
and ports of call are given in Narrative,
Vol. II appendix. The following is only a summary: |
1831 |
Nov. 5 CD and
Fitz-Roy boarded; 16 sailed, but returned to Barn Pool below Mount
Edgecombe; Dec. 21 sailed, but again put back; Dec. 27 sailed. |
1832 |
Jan. 7
Santa Cruz, Tenerife; Jan. 7-Feb. 8 Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands;
Feb. 16-17 St Paul's Rocks; Feb. 20 Fernando de Noronha; Feb. 28-Mar.
18
Salvador; Mar. 29 Abrolhos; Apr. 5-May 10 Rio de Janeiro; Apr. 16-23
Salvador; Jun. 4-Jul. 5 Rio de Janeiro; Jul. 26-31 Monte Video; Aug.
3-19
Monte Video; Sep. 7-28 Blanco Bay; Oct. 6-17 Blanco Bay; Oct. 25-30
Monte
Video; Nov. 2-10 Buenos Aires; Nov. 14-27 Monte Video; Dec. 18-19 Good
Success Bay; Dec. 24-30 San Martin Cove. |
[page] 31
1833 |
Jan. 15-Feb. 8 Tierra del Fuego
waters; Mar. 1-Apr. 6 Berkeley
Sound; Apr. 26-Jul. 24 Monte Video and Maldonado; Aug. 25-Sep. 6
Blanco
Bay; Aug. 16-23 Monte Video and Maldonado; Oct. 4-Dec. 5 Monte Video
and Maldonado; Oct. 24-[1834 Jan. 4] Port Desire. |
1834 |
[1833 Oct. 24]-Jan. 4 Port
Desire;
Jan. 10-18 Port Julian;
Feb. 2-10 Port Famine; Feb. 12-Mar. 12 Tierra del Fuego waters;
Mar. 13-Apr. 5 Port Louis, Falkland Islands; Apr. 13-May 11 Santa Cruz
River; Jun. 1-8 Port Famine; Jun. 9-12 Tierra del Fuego waters;
Jun. 29-Jul. 14 Chiloe; Jul. 23-Nov. 11 Valparaiso; Nov. 22-[1835 Feb.
7]
Chiloe and Chonos Archipelago. |
1835 |
[1834 Nov. 22]-Feb. 7 Chiloe and
Chonos Archipelago; Feb. 9-21
Valdivia; Mar. 4-7 Concepcion; Mar. 12-17 Valparaiso; May 4-Jun. 6
Herradura; May 14-29 Valparaiso; Jul. 3-6 Copiapó Jul. 13-14 Iquique;
Jul. 20-Sep. 7 Callao; Sept. 16-Oct. 20 Galapagos Islands; Nov. 15-26
Tahiti; Dec. 21-30 Bay of Islands, New Zealand. |
1836 |
Jan. 12-30 Sydney Cove; Feb.
4-17
Storm Bay and Hobart;
Mar. 6-16 King George Sound; Apr. 2-12 Cocos Keeling Islands; Apr.
29-May
9 Port Louis, Mauritius; Jun. 1-17 Simon Bay, Cape Colony; Jul. 8-14 St
Helena; Jul. 20-23 Ascension; Aug. 1-6 Salvador; Aug. 13-17 Pernambuco;
Aug. 31-Sep. Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands; Sep. 19-21 Angro, Azores;
Sep. 24 St Michael, Azores; Oct. 2 Falmouth, CD disembarked; Oct. 5-17
Plymouth; Oct. 28-Nov. 6 Greenwich; Nov. 6 voyage ended at Woolwich;
Nov. 17 paid off. |
|
During
the South American part of the voyage, Fitz-Roy used up to 7 inshore
vessels: 4 schooners for
inshore surveying work, Adventure [II], La
Liebre, La
Paz qq.v., and one, of 35 tons, whose name is not given, which was
at first, 1835 Jun., loaned
by Antonio José Vascunan of Coquimbo, when B. J. Sullivan surveyed
parts of Chile coast. It was later bought, and A. B. Usborne surveyed
the whole coast of Peru after Beagle left for Galapagos Is; finally
sold at Paita, Peru—Fitz-Roy, J. R. Geogr. Soc., 6: 311-343,
1836. |
[page] 32
1837-1843 |
THIRD SURVEYING VOYAGE: |
|
To New Zealand and Australia. |
1837-1841
|
Under command of Captain
J. C. Wickham until he
retired through ill-health. |
1841-1843 |
Captain J. L. Stokes. |
1843 |
Nov. 17 finally paid off. |
|
Later history: |
1845-1870
|
Coastguard Watch Vessel on river
Roach, near
Pagglesham, Essex, with masts and all gear removed. |
1863 |
Name removed
and numbered W. V. 7. |
1870 |
May 13 sold to Murray &
Trainer for scrap
and towed to Thames estuary. |
1888 |
Beagle stated in Nature,
Lond., 37:443 to have been sold to Japan was not CD's Beagle,
but the 4th of the name, a paddle steamer which had seen service in the
Crimean war 1854. |
|
It is confused with Beagle,
3rd of the
name, in de Beer, Notes and Records 62, 1959, and by H. E.
L. Mellersh, Fitzroy of the Beagle, 1968. |
Beagle
[II] |
1964 |
Research vessel of Darwin
Research
Station, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Islands. |
Beagle
[III] |
|
A two-masted schooner. |
Beagle
[IV] |
|
A cabin cruiser which replaced Beagle
[III]
in 1981. |
Beagle
Channel, Tierra del Fuego,
Chile/Argentine. |
|
Divides Isla Grande to the north
from I. Hoste and I. Navarino to the south. Surveyed and named on 1st
voyage of Beagle. |
Beagle,
Geology of, see Geology of the voyage
etc. |
Beagle
Islands |
|
Small islands in Galapagos group
between James and Indefatigable Is. |
1892 |
Official Ecuadorian name. |
Beagle,
Voyage of, see
Narrative of the
surveying voyages etc., and Journal of researches etc. |
Beagle,
Zoology of, see
Zoology of the Beagle. |
"Beans"
|
1857 |
"Bees and the fertilisation of
kidney
beans", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 43: 725 (Bi 275, F1697). |
1858 |
"On
the agency of bees in the fertilisation of papilionaceous flowers and
on the crossing of kidney beans", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
2:459-465
(Bii 19), Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 46:828-829 (F1701). |
Bear-Whale
Story, see Whale-Bear story. |
Beaton,
Donald, 1802-1863. |
|
Plant breeder, working gardener
and
hybridizer. See
Britten and Boulger. |
1861 |
CD "I
can plainly see that he is not to be trusted"—MLi 268. |
1863 |
B's
assertion against G. F. von Gaertner's work is controverted by CD in Cottage
Gardener 29:93. |
|
Find out where B worked from ibid.
30:266, 385, 415. |
|
B's reply to CD in ibid.
29:70-71,
influence
of pollen on the appearance of seed. |
Beaufort,
Rear Admiral Sir Francis, 1774-1857. |
|
Originator
of the Beaufort Scale of wind speeds. Was a personal
friend of Fitz-Roy. A. Friendly Beaufort of the Admiralty
1977.
DNB. |
1803 |
B visited CD's father at
Shrewsbury re skin disease. |
1814 |
FRS. |
1829-1855 |
Hydrographer to the Navy. |
1832 |
B offered CD
post on Beagle through G. Peacock. |
1832-1836 |
Fitz-Roy's letters to B, during
2nd voyage of Beagle,
contain many comments on CD; extracts in Francis D, Nature,
Lond., 88:547-548, 1912; Barlow, Cornhill, 72:493-510, 1932. |
1848 |
KCB. |
[page] 33
|
|
"Bees"
|
|
See
also "Humble bees". |
1857 |
"Bees and the fertilisation of
kidney
beans", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 43:725 (Bi 275, F1697). |
1858 |
"On
the agency of bees in the fertilisation of papilionaceous flowers and
on the crossing of kidney beans", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
2:459-465
(Bii 19), Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 46:828-829. |
1874 |
"Recent
researches on termites and honey bees", Nature, Lond.,
9:308-309 (Bii 182, F1768), introducing letter from Fritz Müller. |
Beesby,
Lincolnshire. |
1845 |
CD bought a farm for
£13,592 borrowed from his father; rent 1845 £377, 1877 £555 16s. |
1845 |
Sep. CD visited "to see a farm I
have purchased"—LLi 342, Keith 222. |
1881 |
CD still owned it—Atkins 100. |
Beetles
|
1828-1846
|
CD collected avidly when at
Cambridge,
encouraged by W. D. Fox. His early collecting records are published in
J. F. Stephens, Illustrations of British entomology,
1828-1835, suppl., 1846, about thirty records in first 5 vols
of Mandibulata. |
1829 |
Feb. 20 F. W. Hope gave CD
specimens of about 160
species of British beetles in London—LLi 174. |
1829 |
CD went on beetle
collecting tour with Hope to Barmouth, but CD was ill and had to return
to Shrewsbury after two days. |
1859 |
["Records of beetles at Downe"],
Entomologist's Weekly
Intelligencer, 6:99 (Bii 292, F1703), a note signed by Francis,
Leonard and Horace D, who were 10, 8 and 7 years old, clearly
written by CD—LLii 240. |
Behrens,
Wilhelm Julius, 1854-1903. |
1878 |
CD to on
fertilisation of plants by insects, praising C. K. Sprengel, and
thanking B for sending his Geschichte der Bestaubungs-Theorie, Progr.
K. Gewerbschule
zu Elberfeld, 1877-1878—LLiii 282. |
Belfast
|
1827 |
CD visited on a spring tour. |
Bell
Mountain, Chile. See Campana. |
Bell,
Lady Caroline |
1836 |
"Lady Caroline Bell, at
whose house I dined at the C. of Good Hope, admired Herschel much, but
said that he always came into a room as if he knew that his hands were
dirty, and that he knew that his wife knew that they were dirty"—Barlow
Autobiography 107. |
Bell,
Sir Charles 1774-1842. |
|
Physician and
surgeon. Probably the greatest human anatomist of
19th century. DNB. |
1806
|
CD had high admiration of his Anatomy
and philosophy
of
expression,
1806, quoting in Expression from 3rd edition 1844 which has
B's latest corrections. "Admirable work on expression"—Barlow Autobiography
138. |
1812-1836 |
Surgeon to Middlesex Hospital. |
1826 |
FRS. |
1830
|
Kt. |
1836-1842 |
Prof. Surgery Edinburgh. |
[page] 34
|
|
Bell,
Thomas 1792-1880. |
|
Physician, dental surgeon and
zoologist. He was the first dental surgeon to be registered.
Prof. Zoology King's College London. Often at Down House in the
early years. Retired to The Wakes, Selbourne, Hampshire, Gilbert
White's house. DNB. |
1828 |
FRS. |
|
B wrote Reptiles for Zoology
of the Beagle,
and delayed completion for nearly two years through procrastination and
ill-health. |
1861 |
CD dined with B at Linnean Club,
"Bell has a real good
heart"—MLi 185. |
Belloc,
Anne-Louise Swanton, 1796-1881. |
|
Translator
from English into French. |
1859 |
Dec. CD to ?Quatrefages, B
considered
translating Origin, but found it technically too
difficult—Carroll 183, 192. |
Belt,
Thomas, 1832-1878. |
|
Engineer, geologist and
naturalist. |
1874 |
CD to Hooker, refers to Naturalist
in Nicaragua
1874, about glacial period—LLii 361. |
1874 |
CD to Hooker, "It appears to
me the best of all natural history journals which have ever been
published", "untimely death may well be deplored by naturalists"—LLiii
188. |
Bemmelen,
Adrian Anthoni van,
1830-1897. |
|
Ornithologist; Chairman of
Netherland Zool. Soc. for 17 years. |
Bemmelen,
Prof. J. A. van |
1877 |
B sent album of 217
photographs of Dutch distinguished men for CD's 68th birthday. |
Benchuca
Bug |
|
A large house bug of South
America (Triatoma
infestans, Reduviidae). Vector of Chagas disease q.v. Also lives
in burrows of armadilloes. Another name for Barbeiro. See
other bug entries and under
Luxan and Iquique. |
1835 |
Mar. ?25 "It is most disgusting
to feel soft wingless insects, about an
inch long, crawling over one's body". In the same para CD mentions
feeding one at Iquique—Diary pp. 296-8, Keynes p. 271. |
Bennett,
Alfred William, 1833-1902. |
|
Botanist. |
1874 |
CD to B, when B had ceased to be
assistant editor of Nature,
asking for return of wood blocks for first edition of Climbing
plants, 1865—Carroll 438. |
Bennett,
James 1804-? |
|
Born Devonport. Served on Arrogant
with Fitz-Roy. |
1830-1831 |
Gunner's Mate of Beagle
on
first voyage. Remained with Fitz-Roy and looked after the four, later
after the death of Boat Memory, three, Fuegians when they were in
England. |
|
Acted as "Captain's Coxswain" no
such rank on 2nd voyage
from time to time. On part of 3rd voyage. "A most deserving and long
tried companion in many difficulties"—Fitz-Roy. |
|
Bennett, Mary
|
1841 |
CD's children's nurse. |
|
Bentham,
Mr |
|
Of Holwood, Downe. |
1865 |
Sep. called at
Down House. Apparently a new neighbour. ED liked him. |
Bentham,
George, 1800-1884. |
|
Son of Sir Samuel
B. Nephew of Jeremy B. Botanist. Biography: Jackson 1906, DNB. |
1844 |
CD discussed flora of
Sandwich Islands with. |
1854 |
B presented his books and
herbarium to Kew
and worked there daily. |
1858 |
Jul. 28 CD "I have ordered
Bentham, for, as — says, it will be very curious to see a
Flora written by a man who knows nothing of British plants"—LLii 131. |
|
Jul. 30 "I have got Bentham and
am charmed with it". These two
quotations refer to Handbook of the British flora, 1858,
which remained in print for more than 100 years. |
1859 |
B accepted
evolution. |
1862 |
FRS. |
1862 |
B approved of Orchids
in his Presidential
address to Linnean Society. |
1882 |
B was on "Personal Friends
invited"
list for CD's funeral. |
[page 35]
|
|
Beob,
Miss |
1865 |
Governess at Down House for six
months. |
Berkeley
Sound, East Falkland Island. |
1833,
1834
|
1833
Mar. 1-Apr. 6, 1834 Mar. 10-Apr. 7 Beagle anchored at. CD
there
only in 1834. |
Berkeley,
Rev. Miles Joseph, 1803-1889. |
|
Mycologist. Vicar of Sibbertoft,
Northamptonshire. Dyer described B as "the virtual founder of British
mycology". See
Edible fungus from Tierra del Fuego. DNB. |
1862 |
Jun. 14 B reviewed Orchids
in London. Rev. |
1868 |
CD thanks B for sending a copy
of his
Presidential address to Section D of British Association at Norwich—MLi
309. |
1879 |
FRS. |
Berliner
Gesellschaft für Anthropologie |
1877 |
CD
Corresponding Member. |
"Bessy",
see Harding |
Betley,
Staffordshire, near Maer. |
|
Betley Hall. Home of
G. Tollet. CD and ED often visited in childhood. |
1852 |
Apr. CD and
ED visited on journey to Rugby, Barlaston and Shrewsbury. |
Betsey,
?1865-1879.
|
|
Domestic servant at Down House. |
Bettany,
George Thomas, 1850-1892. |
|
Botanist. |
1887 |
Life
of Charles Darwin, London, Great Writers Series, is the earliest
biography of CD other than obituaries and Miall's lecture. Chiefly
useful for J. P. Anderson's bibliography pp. i-xxxi. |
Biddulph,
Frances, 1833-1890. |
|
Eldest child of R. M. B. and
Frances Mostyn Owen B.
|
Biddulph,
Robert |
1803
|
Married Charlotte Myddelton.
|
Biddulph,
Col.
Robert Myddelton, 1805-1872. |
|
Of Chirk Castle, Denbigh. Eldest
son of Robert Biddulph. |
1832 |
Married Frances ("Fanny") Owen.
3
sons, 3 daughters. |
"Biographical
Sketch of an Infant" |
1877 |
"A
biographical sketch of an infant", Mind, 2:285-294 (Bii 191,
F1305). Observations made by CD 1839-1841 on his first born child
William Erasmus D, written as a result of a paper on the same subject
by Hippolyte Taine, a translation of which appeared in the previous
number of Mind 252. |
|
First foreign editions: |
1877 |
French (F1311), German (F1312),
Russian (F1314). |
1914 |
Armenian (F1310). |
1956 |
USA
(F1309). |
1880 |
["On the bodily and mental
development of infants"], Nature,
Lond., 74: 565 (Bii 732, F1797), report of a letter from CD to a social
science meeting at Saratoga, N.Y. |
Biological
Society of Washington |
1882 |
May 12 held a
Darwin Memorial meeting, the first such. Proceedings published in Smithson.
Misc. Coll.,
25. |
[page] 36
|
|
Bird,
Mr |
1831 |
B sent a fly to CD through
Henslow—Darwin and Henslow 27. |
Bird,
Isabella L., 1832-1904. |
|
Traveller and japanophile. |
1881 |
Married John
Bishop. |
1896 |
"It (Origin of species)
has also, according to Miss
Bird, been translated into Japanese, and is there much studied"—LLi
p. 86. First is 1896. |
Bird
Talisman, The |
|
A fairy story by Henry Allen
Wedgwood. |
1852 |
1. The Family Tutor,
3: 49-52, 89-92, 108-111,
143-146, 168-171, 208-212, 234-237. |
1887 |
2. Printed privately as a
book, at Cambridge University Press, for CD's grandchildren, at the
instigation of and with a 4-line preface by ED. No. 2 is the second of
ED's only printed works. |
1939 |
3. Only published
edition as a book, illustrated by Gwen Raverat, W's great-niece and
ED's grand-daughter. |
Birmingham,
Warwickshire. |
1829 |
CD visited with
Wedgwoods for music meeting. |
1839 |
Aug. 26-Sep. 11 CD visited for
British
Association meeting. |
1849 |
Sep. 11-21 CD visited for
British
Association
meeting. |
Bishop's
Castle, Shropshire. |
1832 |
Jul. CD had a
holiday at with sister Susan Elizabeth. |
Bismarck,
see Elephant tree. |
Blair,
Rev. Robert Hugh |
|
Head of Worcester College
for the Blind. |
1872 |
B helped CD with observations on
expression in the
blind—MLii 109. |
Blair,
Rueben A. |
|
Of Sedalia, Missouri. |
1877 |
CD to
about damaged goose wing and inheritance of similar damage by
offspring—Carroll 529 seq. |
1881 |
CD to B about Mastodon
remains and B's daughter's love of natural history, "I hope that the
study of natural history may give your daughter a large share of the
satisfaction which the study has given me"—Carroll 593. |
Blane,
Robert, 1809-1871. |
|
Officer in 2nd Life
Guards. Cambridge friend of CD. |
1854-1855
|
Assistant Adjutant General and
Military Secretary. |
1860 |
Colonel. |
Blomefield,
Leonard, see Jenyns. |
"Bloom"
|
1886 |
Francis Darwin. "On the relation
between
the 'bloom' on leaves and distribution of the stomata", J. Linn.
Soc. Bot.,
22:99-116 (F1805). Contains results obtained by Francis D working as
research assistant to CD in 1878. |
Blunt,
Thomas |
|
A pharmacist in
Shrewsbury. CD bought distilled water
from him for his chemistry—Brent p. 32.
Biographical note on—MLi 62. Wrote under pseudonyms "Zoophilus" and
"Z".
DNB. |
Blyth,
Edward, 1810-1873. |
|
Zoologist. Neglected his
druggist business at Tooting in favour of natural history and got into
financial difficulties—LLii 315. Helped greatly with Variation.
|
1835, 1837
|
His early views
on natural selection maintaining fixity of species 1835 Mag. Nat.
Hist.
8: 40-53 and 1837 n.s. 1:1-9. L. Eiseley maintains that CD
deliberately plagiarized the idea of natural from these articles— Proc.
Amer. Phil. Soc.
103:94-114, reprinted in Darwin and the mysterious Mr. X,
pp. 42-80, 1979. |
1844-1862 |
Zoological Curator of Museum of
Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. |
1855 |
B drew CD's
attention to Wallace's species paper of that year. |
1860 |
May, B wrote to
CD in favour of Origin. CD to Hooker, praising B's knowledge
of Indian zoology, "He is a very
clever, odd, wild fellow, who will never do what he could do, from not
sticking to any one subject"—MLi 63. |
1868 |
Mar. visited CD at Down House. |
[page] 37
|
|
Blytt,
Axel Gudbrand, 1843-1898. |
|
Botanist. Prof.
Botany Christiania. |
1876 |
B sent CD his work on Norwegian
flora, Essay
on the immigration of the Norwegian flora. CD much approved of
it—LLiii 215, 248, MLii 11. |
Boat
Memory, ?-1830. |
|
Alakaluf man from Tierra del
Fuego. "A great favourite with all who knew him...a
pleasing intelligent appearance...quite an exception to the
general character of the Fuegians, having good features and a
well-proportioned frame"—Fitz-Roy, Narrative 10. Was, unusually, a good
swimmer. |
1830 |
Apr.
captured as hostage for stolen boat. |
1830 |
Aged about 20 taken to
England by Fitz-Roy. |
1830 |
Nov. died of smallpox in
Plymouth Naval Hospital. |
Bob,
Bobby |
1870 |
A large half-bred black and
white dog at
Down House. See Expression 64. |
Bobby |
1893 |
A robin
which Henrietta part tamed at Down House. |
Boehm,
Sir Joseph Edgar, Bart, 1834-1890. |
|
Sculptor.
1st Bart. |
1882 |
RA. |
1883 |
B made statue of CD at British
Museum
(Natural History); life-size stone, seated in stylized chair. |
1885 |
Jun. 9 unveiled by Huxley in
presence of Prince of Wales. Admiral
Sulivan and Parslow were also present.
|
|
There is also a half-size copy
by the artist. |
1887 |
B carved the deep medallion in
Westminster Abbey. B
was paid £2,100 for the statue and £150 for the medallion. |
Bolton,
Thomas |
|
Commercial aquarist of 146 High
Holborn, London, and of Birmingham. Supplied CD with artificial sea
salt for experiments on the longevity of seeds—Allan 152. |
Bonn,
University of |
1868 |
CD Honorary Doctor of
Medicine and Surgery. |
"Boo"
|
|
Bernard D's infant nickname for
Horace D because Bernard called
engines "boo-boos"—Bernard D p. 52. |
1879 |
With "Abbety", "Mim", "Lenny"
(Leonard D)
and "Babba" (CD) were Bernard Richard Meirion D's nicknames for the
family at Down House. None is ED. |
Boole,
Mrs Mary Everest,
1832-1916. |
|
Mathematician. Widow of
George B. |
1866 |
B writes to CD about his views
on
God and receives a characteristic answer—LLiii 63. |
Boott,
Dr Francis, 1792-1863.
|
|
American physician and botanist
working in England. |
1838 |
Aug. CD dined with at
Athenaeum. |
1856 |
Aug. 20 Gray to CD "Boott lately
sent me your photograph
which (though not a very perfect one) I am well pleased to have"—MLi
428. |
1860 |
Mar. 8 CD to Gray, CD has had
a long letter from B "full of
the most noble love of truth and candour. He goes far with me but
cannot swallow all. No one could
until he had enlarged his gullet by years of practice, as in my own
case"—Darwin-Gray 76. |
[page] 38
|
|
Bosquet,
Joseph Augustin Hubert de, 1814-1880. |
|
Belgian carcinologist of
Maestricht. |
1854 |
CD sent him copy of Living
Cirripedia—MLi 75. |
1856 |
B named Chthamalus darwini,
a
fossil barnacle from the Chalk, for CD and sent him specimen—MLi 97. |
1856 |
CD to B who was apparently also
interested in carrier
pigeons—Carroll 138. |
Boston
Society of Natural History |
1873 |
CD Honorary
Member. |
Bosworthick,
John |
|
Old
shipmate of FR. Ropemaker on Beagle
second voyage. |
Botanic
Garden, Cambridge.
|
|
New Botanic Garden,
Trumpington Rd. Holds CD's set of Gardeners' Chronicle. |
1846 |
Opened. |
Botofogo
Bay, Argentine. |
|
Used as a base and address by
CD. Described
as the "Brighton of Rio". |
Boucher
de Crèvecoeur de Perthes, Jacques,
1788-1868. |
|
French geologist. Archaeologist.
Director of
Customs,
Abbeville. |
1847 |
B, in Antiquités
Celtiques, described flint artefacts with bones of
rhinoceros and hyaena at Abbeville. |
1863 |
CD complains to Lyell that L had
not
done B justice in Antiquity of man, "Must be a very amiable
man"—LLiii
13, 15-16. |
Bournemouth,
Hampshire. |
1862 |
Sep. 1-27 CD on family
holiday after visit to William Erasmus D at Southampton. |
Bowcher,
Frank, ?-1938. |
|
Sculptor and engraver. |
1908 |
B designed Darwin-Wallace medal
for Linnean Society. WWH. |
Bowen, Charles
Synge, Baron
Bowen, 1835-1894.
|
|
Father of Ethel Kate B.
|
Bowen,
Ethel Kate
|
|
Daughter
of Charles
Synge
B, Baron
Bowen. Married Josiah Clement Wedgwood as first wife.
|
Bowen,
Francis, 1811-1890. |
|
American theologian. |
1853-1889
|
Prof. Natural Religion, Moral
Philosophy and Civil Polity, Harvard. |
1860 |
Anti-Origin reviews in Mem.
Amer. Acad. Arts
Sci. and N. Amer. Rev. (of which he was editor). |
Bowerbank,
James Scott, 1797-1877. |
|
Distiller. A
founder of London Clay Club. |
1842 |
FRS. |
1851, 1854 |
Secretary of
the Palaeontographical Society when CD published Fossil cirripedes.
|
1864-82 |
Best known work British
Spongiadae, 4 vols. |
Bowman,
Sir William, Bart, 1816-1892. |
|
Ophthalmic
surgeon. DNB. |
1841 |
FRS. |
1868 |
CD had called on him in London,
but he was away. He had done
some kindness to one of CD's sons—MLii 98, Carroll 301. |
|
Provided much information
for Expression—LLiii 134, MLii 98, Expression 160,
192. |
1882 |
B was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1884 |
1st Bart. |
Brace,
Rev. Charles Loring, 1826-1890. |
|
American
philanthropist and practical christian. |
1872 |
Summer, visited Down
House—LLiii 165. |
Bradley,
George Granville, 1821-1903. |
1881-1902 |
Dean of
Westminster Abbey. |
1882
|
B's name is on admission cards
for CD's
funeral. He was abroad at the time and sent his consent by telegram
"Oui sans aucune hésitation regrette mon absence". |
[page] 39
|
|
Braille
|
|
English Braille editions of CD's
works: |
1916 |
Journal
of researches (F168). |
1934 |
Origin of species
(F629). |
1962 |
Autobiography (F1509). |
Brass
Close
|
|
Darwin family estate at Marton,
Lincolnshire. |
1722
|
Ann D. née Waring, bequeathed
in her will, dated 1722 May
18, "the rents from Brass Close for four poor widows" who were to be
provided with "4 grey coats" with a badge of red cloth "cut in the
shape of Two Great Roman Letters A.D." |
1879 |
Leonard D visited Kirton
when the piece of land was known as "Darwin's Charity". |
Braun,
Alexander Carl Heinrich, 1805-1877. |
|
German
botanist. |
1864 |
B was an early convert to CD's
views on species. |
1864 |
CD
to D. B. Walsh—MLi 259. |
Brayley,
Edward William, 1802-1870. |
|
Geologist. A free-lance
lecturer. See Brayley testimonials. |
1854 |
FRS. |
Brayley
Testimonials |
1845 |
Additional
testimonials submitted to the Council of University College, London, By
Edward William Brayley...a candidate for the Professorship of
Geology, London, Richard & John E. Taylor printed (F324). CD's
testimonial p. [7]. CD did not contribute to the earlier testimonials,
for the same chair, of 1841. The chair was not filled because the
College could not find the salary. |
Brazil,
Emperor of, Pedro II, 1825-1891. |
1878 |
Jun.
expressed a wish, whilst in England, to meet CD, but CD was away from
home. |
Bree,
Charles Robert, 1811-1886. |
|
Naturalist and
anti-Darwinian. |
1860 |
Species not transmutable,
nor the result of
secondary causes, London. CD's comments on—LLii 358. |
1860 |
CD to
Hooker, "You need not attempt Bree", "He in fact doubts my deliberate
word, and that is the act of a man who has not the soul of a gentleman
in him"—MLi 174. |
1872 |
An exposition of the
fallacies in the
hypothesis of Mr. Darwin, London. See Bree on Darwinism,
Nature, Lond., 6:279 (F1756). |
Brehm,
Alfred Edmund, 1829-1884. |
|
German
ornithologist and writer on popular natural history. |
[1863-]1864-
1869 |
Illustriertes Thierleben,
6 vols, Hildburghausen. |
1868 |
CD to
the publishers about an English translation, not recommending it; one
never appeared. CD used fourteen illustrations from it in Descent—Carroll
351. |
Brent,
Mr |
1855 or
1856 |
A member of the Columbarian
Society q.v. |
[page] 40
|
|
Breslau,
University of |
1862 |
CD Honorary Doctor in
Medicine and Surgery. |
Bressa
Prize |
1879 |
Awarded to CD by Reale Accademia
della Scienze. Turin. 12,000 francs. CD gave £100 from it to the
Zoologische Station at Naples. |
Bridge,
Sir [John] Frederick, 1844-1924. |
|
Organist and composer. |
1875-1918.
|
Organist at Westminster Abbey. |
1882 |
B composed and played anthem for
CD's funeral, "Happy is the man that
findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding..."—Proverbs
iii 13-17. |
1897 |
Kt. |
Bridges,
Esteban Lucas, christened Stephen,
1874-1949. |
|
Farmer in Tierra del Fuego.
Second
son of Thomas B. Born at
Ushuaia and spent most of his life at Harberton. |
1948 |
Uttermost
part of the earth, New York, contains later information on the
three
Fuegians who returned home on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Chapter 1
is about Beagle voyages; also detailed information on Indian
tribes, especially Yahgan. |
Bridges,
Thomas, 1841-1898. |
|
Missionary and later
farmer in Tierra del Fuego. See
E. L. Bridges above, and Freeman and
Gautrey, J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 7:259-263, 1975. |
1856 |
B arrived at Keppel Island
Mission
Station, West Falkland Islands. |
1860 |
CD sent some preliminary queries
about expression to—information from Admiral Sulivan about—LLiii 127. |
1871 |
Oct. set up home at Stirling
House, Ushuaia. |
1887 |
Built farm at
Harberton. |
Briggs,
Mark |
|
Coachman to
Robert Waring Darwin [II] and
later to Susan Elizabeth D until her death 1866. |
1832 |
Married Anne Latham, a
laundrymaid at
The Mount. |
1875 |
Alive. |
Brighton,
Sussex. |
1853 |
Jul. CD visited on day trip
from Eastbourne. |
Brinton,
William, 1823-1867. |
|
Physician.
Specialist on the stomach at St Thomas's Hospital, London. |
1863 |
Oct. and Dec. CD saw, on the
recommendation of George Busk, during his six
months illness. |
1864 |
FRS. |
Brisbane,
Matthew, 1787/8-1833. |
|
First British Resident at
Falkland Islands. Scottish. Was in employ of
Louis Vernet who held Falkland Is from Spanish Government in Argentine.
|
1833 |
Aug. 26 murdered in an uprising
of imported South American
labour at Port Louis. |
1834 |
CD, from Port Louis, to C. Lumb,
"Such
scenes of fierce revenge, cold-blooded treachery, and villany in
every form, have been here transacted as few can equal it"—J. H.
Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360, 1975. |
Bristowe,
Mrs, ?-1829. |
|
Sister of W. Darwin Fox. |
1827 |
CD to F mentions F's two
charming
sisters—Carroll 2. |
1829 |
CD to F
condoling on her early death—LLi 177. |
British
Association for the Advancement of Science |
1831 |
Founded and first met at York. |
|
CD went to meetings at:
|
1839 |
Birmingham. |
?1843 |
Carroll 32 seems to indicate
that he was at Cork in 1843, but
there is no other evidence that CD was ever in Ireland except for a
brief visit to Belfast and Dublin 1838. |
1846 |
Southampton. |
1847 |
Oxford. |
1849 |
Birmingham (at which he
was a Vice-President). |
1855 |
Glasgow (his
last). |
[page] 41
|
|
British
Association for the Advancement of Science, continued. |
1860 |
Oxford;
details of the Huxley/Wilberforce controversy at this
meeting in LLii 320-323, MLi 156. There are many other versions of what
was said, none of them verbatim. An excellent one in Life of Newton,
118-121. |
1860 |
"When Professors lose their
tempers and solemnly avow
they would rather be descended from apes than Bishops; and when
pretentious sciolists seriously enunciate follies and platitudes of the
most wonderful absurdity and draw upon their heads crushing refutations
from the truly learned"—Guardian, Jul. 4:593. |
1892 |
Short
life of CD, 236-242 gives an extended version. |
1900 |
Tuckwell, Reminiscences
of Oxford, 50. |
1923 |
Huxley "There was
inextinguishable laughter
among the people, and they listened to the rest of my argument with
great attention"—Nature, Lond., 920. |
1958 |
"The Bishop...had turned to
Huxley and mockingly asked him
whether he reckoned his descent from an ape on his grandfather's or on
his grandmother's side?—to which Huxley retorted 'If the question is
put to me, would I rather have a miserable ape for a grandfather or a
man highly endowed by nature and possessing great means and influence,
and yet who employs those faculties and that influence for the mere
purpose of introducing ridicule into a grave scientific discussion—I
unhesitatingly affirm my preference for the ape'"—Ellegård, Darwin
and the general reader, 68. |
1891 |
Huxley to Francis D "When he
turned to me with his insolent question, I said to Sir Benjamin
[Brodie] in an undertone, 'The Lord hath delivered him into my hands'"—Short
life, 240. |
after
1860
|
Many Presidential Addresses and
addresses
by Presidents of Section D, after 1860, give an excellent summary of
the progress of evolutionary thought. |
British
Museum, Trustees |
1848 |
Enquiry by the
Trustees of the British Museum, (F345), contains letter from CD to
R. I. Murchison—MLi 109. |
British
Museum (Natural History) |
1866 |
Memorial
to the Chancellor of the Exchequer [on transfer of natural history
collections from British Museum, Bloomsbury, to South Kensington],
signed by CD and 24 others (F869), 1873 [Letter from P. L. Sclater
containing text of 1866 Memorial], Nature, Lond.,
9:41 (F870). 1875 British Museum (Natural History) established in
Cromwell Rd, South Kensington. |
[page] 42
|
|
Broderip,
William John, 1789-1859. |
|
Barrister and
conchologist. DNB. |
1828 |
FRS. |
1839
|
B assisted Philip Parker King in
description of
molluscs and cirripedes from 1st voyage of Beagle, printed
in Zool. J., 1839 and Vol. I of Narrative,
545-556,
1839. |
Brodie,
?-1873. |
1842-1851
|
Scottish nurse at Down House.
Came from previous service with the Thackerays and Anne
Thackeray (Mrs Richmond Ritchie). |
after
1851
|
Left after death of Anne
Elizabeth D in 1851 and returned to family home at Portsoy, Scotland.
Continued to visit. ED wrote to her often, but she had a monomania that
she was forgotten—EDii 214. |
Brodie,
Sir Benjamin Collins, Bart, 1783-1862. |
|
Physician. DNB. |
1810 |
FRS. |
1853 |
ED consulted. |
1860 |
Apr. CD went to reception
at his house. |
1860 |
Jun. B sat next to Huxley during
Wilberforce's
speech at Oxford British Association. |
Bronn,
Heinrich Georg, 1800-1862. |
|
German
palaeontologist and zoologist. Prof. Natural History Heidelberg. |
1860 |
B translated Origin,
adding his own notes at CD's suggestion
and slightly altering the text. CD was not pleased with the result—MLi
139, 172. |
Brooke,
Rajah Sir Charles Anthony Johnson (né Johnson),
1829-1917. |
|
Second British Rajah of Sarawak.
|
1868 |
B succeeded his
uncle, Sir James B (1803-1868). |
1870 |
Nov. 30 B answered CD's Queries
about expression from Sarawak. |
1888 |
GCMG. |
Brooks
|
|
An outdoor servant at Down
House. Foulmouthed and morose. Lived in a cottage close to cowhouse.
Wife Keziah, son private in
Guards—Francis D Springtime p. 57. |
Broom,
Common, see Cytisus scoparius. |
Brown |
|
There is also a Mr Brown in Red
Notebook p. 71, who
Herbart suggests might have been Admiral William Brown 1777-1857 of
Buenos Aires; an Irishman that CD met at Parrish's house 1837. |
Brown,
Jane, 1746-1835. |
|
Daughter of Joseph Brown of
Swineshead, Lincolnshire. CD's great aunt
in law. |
1772 |
Married William Alvey D [I]. |
Brown,
Robert, 1773-1858. |
|
Botanist. First
Keeper of Botany at British Museum. Von Humboldt called him "Facile
Princeps botanicorum". Dilatory in describing plants of first voyage of
Beagle—MLi 39. Biography D. Mabberley
1984. DNB. |
1811 |
FRS. |
1858 |
CD to Hooker, "I am glad to hear
that old Brown is
dying so easily"—MLi 109. CD "I saw a good deal of"—Barlow, Autobiography
103. |
1858 |
The Darwin/Wallace paper was
read at Linnean Society meeting
at which B's death was announced, the fact perhaps overshadowing the
importance of the paper. |
Brown,
Admiral William, 1777-1857,
|
|
Of Buenos Aires. An Irishman.
Herbert suggests B might have been a "Mr Brown" in Red Notebook
p. 71.
|
1837 |
CD met at Parrish's house. |
Browne,
Sir George Buckston, 1850-1945. |
|
Surgeon. Kt. Brief amusing life
of B in Atkins, Down, ch. 13,
1974. Portrait by Sir Robin Darwin at Down House. |
1926 |
FRCS. |
1927 |
Bought Down House for British
Association. |
[page] 43
|
|
Browne,
Sir James Crichton,
1840-1938. |
|
Physician. Director of West
Riding Pauper Lunatic Asylum,
Wakefield. Gave CD information for Expression.
Sent CD Annual Reports of the Asylum, the run now being at
Cambridge—Carroll 451. |
1870 |
FRSE. |
1875-1922 |
Visitor in Lunacy. |
1883 |
FRS. |
1886 |
Kt. |
Browne,
William Alexander Francis, 1805-1873.
|
|
Physician of Stirling.
Naturalist friend of CD at Edinburgh. |
1857 |
First Commissioner in Lunacy for
Scotland. |
Brullé,
Gaspard Auguste, 1809-1873.
|
|
Zoologist. |
1840- |
Prof.
Zoology and Comparative Anatomy Dijon. |
1864 |
H. Falconer to CD "He told me in
despair that he could not get his pupils to listen to
anything from him except à la Darwin"—MLi 257. |
Brummidge,
Mrs |
circa
1890 |
Cook at Down House—Atkins, Down. |
Brunton,
Sir Thomas Lauder, Bart, 1844-1916. |
|
Physician. Consultant at St.
Bartholomew's Hospital, London. B helped CD with experiments for Insectivorous
plants. |
1874 |
FRS. |
1881 |
Nov. 19 CD to B about
prosecution
of Dr D.
Ferrier under the Vivisection act. CD wanted to be an early subscriber
if a subscription was got up to pay F's costs. CD had met F at B's
house, 50 Welbeck St.—MLii 437. |
1908 |
1st Bart. |
Bryanston
Square, London.
|
|
No. 4. R. B. Lichfield's house.
Sir Thomas Farrer also lived in the square.
|
"Bucket
Ropes for Wells" |
1852 |
"Bucket ropes for wells", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No.2:22 (Bi 252, F1680). |
Buckland,
Francis Trevelyan, 1826-1880. |
|
Physician and naturalist. Son of
William B. Known as Frank. DNB. |
1867 |
Government Inspector
of Fisheries. |
Buckland,
Rev. William, 1784-1856. |
|
Geologist. Father
of Francis Trevelyan B. "Though very good-humoured and good-natured
seemed to me a vulgar and almost a coarse man"—Barlow, Autobiography
102. DNB. |
1812 |
Prof. Mineralogy Oxford. |
1818 |
FRS. |
1845-1856 |
Dean of Westminster. |
Buckle,
Henry Thomas, 1821-1862. |
|
Self-educated
historian. DNB. |
circa 1842 |
CD met at Hensleigh Wedgwood's
and discussed
organization of facts. |
1858 |
CD to Hooker "I was not much
struck with
the great Buckle". CD was reading B's History of civilization
at the time—LLii 110. "I doubt whether his generalisations are worth
anything"—Barlow, Autobiography 109-110. |
[page] 44
|
|
Buckley,
Arabella Burton, 1840-1929. |
|
Natural
historian and author. Secretary to Lyell. |
1871 |
Mar. visited Down House with the
Lyell's—LLiii
137. |
1871 |
A short
history of natural science, London. |
1876 |
Feb. 11 CD to B saying that he
had enjoyed B's Short History
of natural science—LLiii 229. |
1882 |
B was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1884 |
Mrs
Fisher. |
Buckman,
James, 1816-1884. |
|
Agriculturist and
geologist. |
1848-1863
|
Professor of Botany and
Geology Royal Agricultural College
Cirencester. |
1857 |
CD to B on varieties of domestic
pigeon. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin
to B—unpublished letter. |
Buenos
Aires, Capital of Argentine. |
1832-1833
|
1832 Jul. 26-1833
Dec. 6 Beagle used mouth of La Plata river as a base for
surveying trips. CD used Buenos Aires, Monte Video and Maldonado as
bases for inland expeditions. |
Bulgarian
|
|
First editions in: |
1927 |
Descent
of man (F1047). |
1946 |
Origin of species
(F632). |
1959 |
Autobiography (F1511). |
1967 |
Journal of
researches (F170). |
Bull,
Mr. |
|
A pigeon fancier in the Borough,
London. |
1859 |
B had crossed pouters with runts
to gain size—LLii 281. |
Bulwer,
Sir Edward George Earle Lytton, Bart, Baron
Lytton. 1803-1873. |
|
Novelist and parliamentarian.
A remote cousin of CD through
Erasmus Earle. In "one of his
novels a Professor Long, who had written two huge volumes on limpets"
was CD—Autobiography, 81. The novel was What will he do with it?,
4 vols, 1858, under pseudonym "Pisistratus Caxton". "Lecture on
conchology to the Gatesboro' Athenaeum", for which he was paid
£5.5.0—Vol. 1:284-296. The work was "Researches into the natural
history of limpets, 2 vols, Post octavo". DNB. |
1838 |
1st Bart. |
1843 |
Added "Lytton" to his surname. |
1866 |
1st Baron
Lytton. |
Bulwer,
William Earle Gascoyne Lytton, 1829-1910. |
|
Brigadier-General,
late Scots Guards, of Heydon Hall, Norfolk. A remote cousin of CD
through Erasmus Earle. Nephew of Lord Lytton. |
1890 |
Oct.
William Erasmus D and George Howard D went on a visit to "a beautiful
place in Norfolk, to see the picture of Erasmus Earle, an ancestor". |
Bunbury,
Sir Charles James Fox, Bart, 1809-1886. |
|
Palaeobotanist. Of Mildenhall,
Suffolk. Brother-in-law of Lyell. Encouraged CD in persevering on
species
problem. Biography: [1894] by wife. |
1844 |
Married Frances Joanna Horner. |
1851 |
FRS. |
1860 |
8th Bart. |
[page] 45
|
|
Bunbury,
Frances Joanna, see Horner. |
Bunsen,
Baroness, see Frances Waddington. |
Bunnett,
Templeton |
1867 |
An Australian who in 1867
answered Queries about expression. |
Burchell,
William, John, 1781-1863. |
|
Explorer and
naturalist. Travelled in South America
and later
in South Africa. CD knew in London after return of Beagle—Red
Notebook p. 117. |
Burke,
Sir Henry Farnham, 1859-1924. |
|
Genealogist. |
1887-1911
|
Somerset Herald. |
1888 |
Pedigree of the family of
Darwin,
privately printed, sixty copies. The most reliable pedigree, also
contains illustrations of the arms of Darwin. |
Burnham
Beeches |
|
Fine woodland on Dunstable
Downs. |
1847 |
Jun. CD visited on a day trip
from British Association meeting at
Oxford. |
Busby,
James, 1801-1871. |
|
First British Resident in
New Zealand. |
1835 |
Dec. CD met—S. Afr.
Christian
Recorder, 2:235,
1836, J. Researches, 1845, 421 (spelt "Bushby"). |
Busk,
George, 1807-1886. |
|
Surgeon and man of
science. |
1850 |
FRS. |
|
CD to Huxley, "I have heard that
Busk is on our side
in regard to species"—MLi 130. |
1863 |
B recommended Dr
William
Brinton to CD. |
1871 |
CD to B, thanking him for
pointing out an error
about the supra-condyloid foramen in 1st issue of Descent—Carroll
387. |
Butler,
Miss Mary |
1859 |
Sep. CD invites to stay with him
at Ilkley in Oct. since he might not be able to take his family; "but
if you were there I should feel safe and home-like". In the end he took
his family. She and CD had met at Moor Park—Brent p.
419. |
Butler,
Rev. Samuel [I], 1774-1839. |
|
Schoolmaster and priest. Father
of
Thomas B, grandfather of Samuel B [II]. |
1798-1836
|
Headmaster of Shrewsbury School,
including the
time when CD was there. |
1836- |
Bishop of Lichfield and
Coventry. |
Butler,
Samuel [II], 1835-1902. |
|
Author and
controversialist. Son of Thomas B, grandson of Samuel B [I]. Biography:
Festing Jones
1919.
DNB. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st
edition Origin to. |
1880 |
B had a one-sided quarrel with
CD
over Krause's biography of Erasmus D in its English version. For B's
printed contributions see Athenaeum, Jan. 31, St James's
Gaz., Dec. 8. Also Festing Jones 1911 Charles Darwin and
Samuel Butler. |
1880 |
Dec. 14 Romanes to CD, "[Butler]
is a lunatic
beneath all contempt—an object of pity were it not for his vein of
malice"—Life of Romanes, 104. |
1881 |
Jan. CD to Romanes on R's
review of Unconscious memory, Nature, Lond., 23:285-287. B
"will smart under your stricture", R is right to attribute B's conduct
to "the disappointment of his inordinate vanity"; CD thanks R for
saving him from, B's "malignant revenge"—Carroll 581. |
1881 |
Feb. CD to T. R. R. Stebbing
thanking S for his
letter to Nature, Lond., 23:336 on the controversy. |
1881 |
Apr.
CD to Romanes, "I am extremely glad that you seem to have silenced
Butler and his reviewers. But Mr. Butler will turn up again, if I know
the man"—Carroll 588. |
1881 |
Krause wrote a strictly accurate
letter on
the subject, Nature, Lond., 23:288. |
|
Barlow, Autobiography
gives references and reprints Jones's pamphlet in full. B's copy of Erasmus
Darwin, with his mss notes, is in the British Library, B's books
on evolution, a subject on which his knowledge was entirely
theoretical, were 1879 Evolution old and new, 1880 Unconscious
memory, 1887 Luck or cunning. Erewhon 1872
developed from "Darwin
among
the machines", The Press,
Christchurch, NZ, 1863 Jun. 13; this was signed "Cellarius", a
pseudonym. 1862 "Darwin on
the origin of species", The Press Dec. 20. Festing
Jones, Charles Darwin and Samuel Butler 1911. |
[page] 46
|
|
Butler,
Rev. Thomas, 1806-1886.
|
|
Son of Samuel B [I], father
of Samuel B [II]. At St John's College, Cambridge, when CD was up. |
1828 |
B was at Barmouth with a reading
party in autumn with CD, under G.
A. Butterton. B and CD collected beetles together. |
1834-1876
|
Rector of Langar with Bamston,
Notts. |
1839 |
B and CD
travelled together in a stage coach from Birmingham to Shrewsbury, at
end of British Association meeting—Jones, Life of Samuel Butler,
i:13; J says that this is the last time that they met. |
1868 |
Canon of Lincoln. |
1872 |
CD to J. M.
Herbert, B has become "a very unpleasant old man"—Carroll 425. |
"Butterflies" |
1880 |
"The sexual colours of certain
butterflies", Nature, Lond., 21:237 (Bii 220, F1787). |
Butterton,
George Ash, 1805-1891. |
|
CD's tutor for classics and
mathematics. CD "A very dull man". |
1828 |
B
took a reading party to Barmouth in autumn. |
1828-1837
|
Fellow of
St John's College, Cambridge. |
1839-1845 |
Headmaster Uppingham. |
1843 |
DD. |
1847-1859 |
Giggleswick. |
Button
|
circa
1877 |
A stray minute female black and
tan
collie at Bassett, later thought to be a "special breed of dog from
Thibet"—EDii 287, Hedley Atkins, Down, p. 80. |
Button,
James, "Jemmy", ?1816-1863. |
|
Boy from Yahgan Tribe,
canoe people from southwest islands, Tierra del Fuego, different tribe
from two
of the others. Fitz-Roy, Narrative, gives his name in
Tekeenica
(i.e. Yahgan) as Orundellico. Fitz-Roy says that he was bought for one
mother-of-pearl button. E. L. Bridges calls him "Jimmy". Bridges says
that the story about the button could not be
true. Father of Threeboys Button. Jemmy Button: novela, a
novel by Benjamin Subercasaux, (Santiago de Chile), Ediciones Ercilla,
907 pp, 1950; USA translation
by Mary and Fred de Villar, NY, Macmillan 1953; abridged version 382
pp, NY 1954; further abridged by Oliver Coburn, 299 pp, London, W. H.
Allen 1955. Jim og hans folk,
Danish children's book by Soren Koustrup,
Copenhagen 1978; Finnish translation Tuliman Jim, Vaasa,
Kirjayhtyma 1979. |
1830 |
Apr. captured, ‘tied in a
bag'—FR Diary. |
1830 |
Aged about 14, taken to England
by Fitz-Roy. |
1833 |
Jan. 23
returned. |
1858 |
Taken from home a
second
time to Falkland Is mission station. |
1863 |
He was alive in
1863 and remained a bad lot; not mentioned later. |
1866 |
A son visited England. |
Button,
Threeboys |
|
Son of Jemmy B. |
1865 |
Visited England with three
other
fuegian youths. Died six months after return. Buried Port Stanley. |
Byerley,
Thomas, ?-1810. |
|
Josiah Wedgwood [I]'s
partner at Etruria Works and his cousin. Son of Josiah's father's
sister
Margaret. |
[page] 47
|
|
Bynoe,
Benjamin, 1803-1865. |
|
Assistant Surgeon on 1st and 2nd
voyages of Beagle. 18 years on Beagle and
official naturalist on 3rd
voyage; gave first account
of
marsupial birth. CD probably met in London after return of Beagle—Red
Notebook p. 68. |
1803
|
Born
Barbados. |
1832
|
From Apr. Acting Surgeon
|
1836 |
Surgeon. Later
M.O. in charge of convicts. |
1839 |
CD "Thanks...for his very
kind attention to me when I was ill
at Valparaiso"—J. Researches, 1845, vii. |
1844 |
FRCS. |
[page 48]
C
|
|
"Caddis-Flies"
|
1879 |
"Fritz Müller on a frog having
eggs on its back—on the abortion of hairs on the legs of certain
caddis-flies, etc.", Nature, Lond., 19:462-463 (Bii 216,
F1784); introducing a letter from M, ibid, 463-464. |
Caerdeon,
North
Wales. |
|
Two miles east of Barmouth,
on northern side
of Barmouth estuary. |
1869 |
Jun. 10-Jul. 29 CD had family
holiday there. |
Caernarvon,
North Wales. |
1842 |
Jun. CD visited. |
Caird,
Sir James, 1816-1892. |
|
Agriculturalist. DNB. |
1859-1865 |
MP for Stirling. |
1875 |
FRS. |
1878 |
C subscribed, with CD and Farrer
to keep Torbitt's experiments on potato disease
going—LLiii 350. |
1882 |
KCB. |
Caldcleugh,
Alexander, ?-1858. |
|
Private Secretary to
British Ambassador to Chile, later merchant. |
1825 |
Travels in South America,
London. |
1831 |
FRS. |
1834 |
CD stayed
with at Santiago. |
1835 |
CD to sister Susan D "the author
of some bad
travels in South America...took an infinite degree of trouble for
me"—Barlow, Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle, 118.
|
Caldwell,
Mrs Anne Marsh, 1791-1874. |
|
Novelist. A
friend of the Wedgwoods from childhood. Sister of Emma Holland. Family
came from Linley Wood near Maer. |
1817 |
Married Arthur
Cuthbert Marsh, ?-1849; |
1858 |
Added Caldwell
to surname. |
1866 |
CD to C about her blind
friend Mr Corbet—Carroll 323. |
California
Academy of Sciences |
1872 |
CD Honorary
Member. |
California
State Geological Society |
1877 |
CD
Corresponding Member. |
Callao,
Peru. |
|
Seaport of Lima. |
1835 |
Jul. 20-Sep. 7 Beagle
at. Jul. 20 CD landed. |
Cambridge
|
|
Cambridge life for
the Ds is brilliantly depicted in Gwen Raverat's Period Piece,
1952. |
|
Apart from his residence as an
undergraduate, for which see Cambridge University, CD was in
Cambridge on the following occasions: |
1831 |
Sep. 2-4, 19, staying with
Henslow when preparing for Beagle voyage. |
1836-1837 |
1836 Dec. 13-1837
Mar. 6, staying with Henslow and in Fitzwilliam St, sorting Beagle
material. He had two short trips to London during this period. |
1838 |
May 10-12 to visit Henslow. |
1870 |
May 20-24, to visit
his sons, Francis, George and Horace, stayed at Bull Hotel. |
1877 |
Nov. 16-18 CD visited with ED
for
award of Honorary LL.D. |
1880 |
Aug.
14-18 CD and ED stayed with Horace D in St Botolph's Lane. |
1881 |
Oct. 20-27 CD and ED stayed
with Horace D. |
1883 |
After CD's death, ED
moved to The Grove, Huntingdon Road, for the winters. |
[page] 49
|
|
Cambridge
Instrument Company, 1885-. |
|
Chairman Sir
Horace
Darwin, partner A. G. Dew Smith, Botolph Lane. First known as "The
Shop". Made wormstone for Down House. Taken over by Pye. |
Cambridge
Philosophical Society |
|
Henslow and Sedgwick were the
leading instigators. CD was never a member. |
1819 |
Founded. |
1835,
1960
|
Issued for
private circulation CD's Letters on geology, reprinted by
them 1960. |
1879 |
The members commissioned
portrait of CD by W. B.
Richmond, which still hangs in their rooms. |
Cambridge
Ray Club |
|
See Babington, The
Cambridge Ray Club, 1887, published on its fiftieth anniversary. |
1837 |
Founded in 1837 when Henslow
stopped his Friday evenings open house. |
Cambridge
University |
1827 |
Oct. 15 CD entered at Christ's
College, but did not come into residence until Lent term 1828. |
1831 |
Jan. CD took degree examinations
and kept two terms, leaving
mid June. 10th in list of candidates who did not seek
honours. |
1831 |
Apr. 26 CD admitted BA—Cambridge
Chronicle
Apr. 29. He was "Baccalaureus ad Baptistam" and therefore included in
1832 list—LLi 163. |
1831 |
Jun. left. |
1837 |
MA. |
1877 |
Nov. 17 Hon.LL.D. Public Orator,
J. E.
Sandys, ended "Tu vero, qui leges naturae tam docte illustraveris,
legum Doctor nobis esto"—LLiii 222. |
1877 |
Nov. 17 ED to William Erasmus D
gives description of the scene with a monkey and a missing link lowered
from the gallery by undergraduates—EDii 230. |
Cambridge,
Rev. Octavius Pickard, 1835-1917. |
|
Arachnologist. |
1868-1917 |
Rector of Bloxworth, Dorset. |
1874 |
CD to C on
natural selection and on spiders—Carroll 437 (but not identified). |
Cameron,
Charles Hay, 1795-1880. |
|
Married Julia Margaret Pattle. |
Cameron,
Rev. Jonathan Henry Lovett, 1807-1888. |
|
Shrewsbury School and Trinity
College. Cambridge friend of CD. Member of Gourmet Club. |
1830 |
C
was gulfed [to be in the gulf is said of an honours candidate who
fails, but is allowed an ordinary degree]. |
1831
|
B.A.
|
1860-1888 |
Rector of Shoreham, Kent (?Kent
or W. Sussex). |
Cameron,
Julia Margaret, see Julia Margaret Pattle. |
[page] 50
|
|
Campana,
Chile. |
|
A peak 6,400 ft. high. Marshall
p. 30 says that CD's
name is carved "alongside
Humboldt's of many years before"However Humboldt never visited Chile. |
1834 |
Aug. 16-17
CD climbed to summit, which now bears a plaque—J. Researches,
1845, 255-257. |
Campbell,
George John Douglas, Duke of Argyll,
1823-1900. |
|
Statesman and geologist. DNB. |
1847 |
8th Duke. |
1851 |
FRS. |
1862 |
C
reviewed Orchids in Edinb. Rev.—LLiii 274. |
1864 |
C
addressed Royal Society of Edinburgh anti-Origin. |
1867 |
CD to
Huxley about Reign of law, "or Dukelet's? how can you speak
so of a living real Duke?"—MLi 277. |
1867 |
CD to Kingsley about Reign
of law, "Very well written, very interesting, honest and clever
and very arrogant". |
1881 |
C "I wish Mr. Darwin's disciples
would
imitate a little of the dignified reticence of their master. He walks
with a patient and a stately step along the paths of conscientious
observation"—MLi 396. |
1881 |
Feb. CD called at Argyll House,
London. |
1882 |
C was Pallbearer at CD's
funeral. |
|
Main works relating to
evolution: |
1867 |
The reign of law,
London. |
1884 |
The unity of nature,
London. |
Camphill
|
|
House on Maer Heath,
Staffordshire. |
1827-1847 |
Home of
Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [I]. House was built for her. She moved in
1827. |
1847 |
Sold with rest of Maer estate
after Bessy's death 1846. She moved to Petley's,
Downe. |
Canary
Islands |
1831 |
CD planned a trip there with
Kirby and Ramsay, perhaps also Dawes, before Beagle
invitation came. See also
Tenerife. |
Canby,
Dr William Marriott, 1831-1904. |
|
Botanist of
Wilmington, Delaware, USA. C provided information on Dionaea
for Insectivorous plants. |
1873 |
Feb. 19 CD to C describing Dionaea
as "the
most wonderful plant in the world"—F. M. Jones 1923 Nat. Hist.
23:598,
with facsimile of part of letter. |
Candolle,
Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de,
1806-1893. |
|
Botanist. |
1840 |
C dined at 12 Upper Gower St to
meet the
Sismondis—LLii 216. |
1841-1850 |
Prof. Natural History Geneva,
succeeding
his father. |
1855 |
C's Géographie botanique
raissonée, Paris, was
very important to CD in his study of cultivated plants. Letters to and
from CD, Gesnerus, 12:109-156, 1955. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin
to. |
1873 |
Histoire
des sciences et des savants depuis deux siècles, Geneva. |
1880 |
C used the same portfolio method
of reference as CD, independently evolved—LLiii 333. |
1880 |
Autumn, C visited Down House. |
1882 |
Darwin
considéré au point de vue des causes de son succès, Geneva. |
[page] 51
|
|
Canestrini,
Giovanni, 1835-1900. |
|
Acarologist. C
translated nine of CD's works into Italian. |
1862-1869 |
Prof. Zool. Modena. |
1869-1900 |
Padua. |
1877 |
La teoria
dell'evoluzione, Turin. |
Canning
|
|
Fishmonger at Downe. C went to
Billingsgate
three times a week. His mother was unqualified midwife at Downe—Atkins,
Down 104. |
Cape
Verde Islands |
|
These islands, known as Ilhas do
Cabo Verde in
Portuguese, derive their name from Cape Verde on the mainland of Africa
about 300 miles away. It is one of the few differences between 6th
edition Origin
1872, 11th thousand, and the altered 6th edition 1876, 18th thousand,
that the name is changed from Cape de Verde to Cape Verde. |
1832 |
Jan. 17-Feb. 8 Beagle
at Porto Praya, Santo Jago. CD landed. |
1836 |
Aug. 31-Sep. 5 Beagle
again at. CD landed. |
Capel
Curig, Caernarvonshire. |
1831 |
Aug. CD visited
with Sedgwick for geology. |
1842 |
Jun. CD visited. |
Cape
Town, Cape Colony, South Africa. |
1836 |
Jun. 1-7 Beagle
at. |
|
Jun. 4-7 CD landed and made
short excursion inland. CD met Sir
John Herschel there. |
1836 |
CD's first published work, with
Fitz-Roy, "A letter
containing remarks on the moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand &c.", S.
Afr. Christian
Recorder, 2:221-238, 1836 Sep. was published there. |
Cardwell,
Edward, Viscount,
1813-1886. |
|
Statesman. |
1873 |
FRS. |
1874 |
1st Viscount |
1875 |
C was Chairman of
Vivisection Commission, to which CD gave evidence. |
Caricatures,
see CD Iconography. |
Carlisle,
Cumberland. |
1855 |
Sep. 19 CD visited on
return from British Association meeting at Glasgow. |
Carlisle,
Bishop of, see Harvey Goodwin. |
Carlisle,
Sir Anthony, 1768-1840. |
|
Surgeon. DNB. |
1804 |
FRS. |
1821 |
Kt. |
1847 |
May, CD "Old Sir Anthony
Carlisle
once said to me gravely
that he supposed Megatherium and such cattle were just sent down from
heaven to see whether the earth would support them"—MLii 219. |
Carlyle,
Jane Baillie, see Welsh. |
[page] 52
|
|
Carlyle,
Thomas, 1795-1881. |
|
Essayist and
historian. CD met several times at
Erasmus Alvey D's and at C's in London. DNB. |
1836 |
Married Jane Baillie Welsh
d.s.p. |
Carmichael,
Dugald, 1772-1827.
|
|
Army surgeon. Retired to Ardtur
near Oban. Frequently referred to by CD as an authority on points of
natural science. This is from a ms slip of unknown origin.
|
1787
|
?Qualified Edinburgh No. 4711.
|
Carpenter,
William Benjamin, 1813-1885. |
|
Physician and naturalist. Prof.
Physiology London. |
1844 |
FRS. |
1856-1879
|
Registrar London
University. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin.
|
1860 |
Jan. C reviewed Origin
in Nat. Rev., Apr. in Med. Chirurg. Rev. |
1861 or
later |
Visited Down House. |
Carr,
Anne Jane, see Wedgwood. |
Carr,
Colonel Ralph Edward, 1833-1892. |
|
Of Hedley, Northumberland.
|
1870 |
Married Ann
Jane Wedgwood. |
1872 |
Lost first child. |
Carroll,
P. Thomas |
1976 |
Editor of An annotated
calendar of the letters of Charles Darwin in the Library of the
American Philosophical Society, Wilmington, Delaware. A most
important source book of CD reference. |
Carruthers,
William, 1830-1922. |
|
Botanist. Keeper of Botany,
British Museum (Natural History). |
1871 |
FRS. |
1871-1910
|
Consulting botanist
to Agricultural Society. |
1878 |
CD to Torbitt in search of
funds for potato blight work. C was against providing further money—MLi
373. |
Carter,
Alice, 1885. |
|
A partially blind Downe cottager
whom ED helped. She looked after old Mrs Osborn. |
Carter,
Elinor Mary Bonham,
?-1923. |
1872 |
Married A. V. Dicey; sister of
Henry B. C. |
Cartmell,
James, 1810-1881. |
1849-1881 |
Master of Christ's
College Cambridge. |
1855-1881 |
Chaplain to Queen Victoria. |
1909 |
William Erasmus D's speech at
Cambridge celebrations "He [CD] spoke to
me with pride and pleasure of walking, dressed in his scarlet gown, arm
in arm with Dr. Cartmell"—EDii 171. |
Carus,
Julius Victor, 1823-1903. |
|
German zoologist. |
1853- |
Professor in Leipzig. |
1860 |
Jun. was at British Association
meeting at Oxford. |
1866 |
C
translated 3rd German Origin, which was published in 1867,
from 4th English. "The connection was cemented by warm feelings of
regard on both sides"—LLiii 48. Later translated twelve other of CD's
works. |
1876 |
Mar. 21 CD to C "I can assure
you
that the idea of anyone
translating my books better than you never even momentarily crossed my
mind"—MLi 146. |
Carver,
Miss Alice |
|
Schoolmistress. Co-founder of
Downe House School with Miss O. M. Willis. |
Cary,
William, 1759-1825. |
|
Instrument
maker of London. |
Cary,
William |
|
Son of William C. |
1831 |
CD to Henslow about C making
instruments for Beagle—Barlow, Darwin and Henslow
25, 41. |
Case,
Rev. George Augustus |
|
Unitarian minister at Shrewsbury
with
a chapel in High St. |
1798-1831 |
Was pastor at Shrewsbury. |
1817 |
CD went for a year, with sister
Emily Catherine, to
an infant school run by C.—Barlow, Autobiography 22. C's
school was at The Old Parsonage, Claremont Hill. CD was there "up to
the age of nine". |
1959 |
Nov. 22 a special service was
held when Alister
Hardy, himself a Unitarian, gave an address—Arnold Broadbent 1962 The
story of unitarianism in Shrewsbury, 11 pp, Shrewsbury, Livesey
printed; copy in Dr William's Library. |
[page] 53
|
|
"Casks" |
1879 |
[letter] "Rats and water casks",
Nature,
Lond., 19:481, supporting one from Arthur Nicols, ibid., 433
(Bii 218, F1785). |
Catasetum
tridentatum |
1861 |
C. tridentatum,
Monacanthus viridis and Myanthus barbatus are male,
female and
hermaphrodite flowers of the same species of orchid—MLii 280. |
1862 |
"On
the three remarkable sexual forms of Catasetum tridentatum,
an orchid in the possession of the Linnean Society", J. Proc.
Linn.
Soc.
Lond. (Bot.), 6:151-157 (Bii 63, F1718). |
1863 |
French translation
in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 19:204-295, with CD's papers on Primula
and Linum. |
Caton,
John Dean, 1812-1895. |
|
Chief Justice of
Illinois and naturalist. |
1868 |
CD thanks C for a paper on
American
deer—LLiii 102. |
1871 |
CD to C, George Howard and
Francis D are
touring USA, please aid them and show "famous Deer-Park"—Carroll 402. |
1877 |
Author of The antelope and
deer of America, New York. |
Cattell,
J. |
|
Nurseryman of Westerham, Kent. |
1860 |
CD
to Maxwell Masters, the nurseryman CD generally dealt with—MLii 257. |
Cavendish,
Sir William, Duke of Devonshire,
1808-1891. |
|
DNB. |
1845 |
Sep. or Oct. CD visited
Chatsworth, the ducal seat, then of William C, 6th Duke. |
1858 |
7th Duke. |
1882 |
Pallbearer at CD's funeral,
as Chancellor of Cambridge University. |
Caverswell
Castle |
1878 |
Leased home of Godfrey and
Hope Wedgwood.
|
1887 or 1888 |
Moved to Idlerocks to be nearer
the factory. |
Cecil,
Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne, Marquis of Salisbury,
1830-1903. |
|
Son of Lady Mary. Statesman. EB
DNB. |
1857 |
Married Georgina
Alderson [II]. |
1868 |
3rd Marquis. |
Cecil,
Lord Sackville Arthur, 1865-1898. |
|
Fifth son of 3rd
Marquis of Salisbury. Cambridge friend of CD's sons and neighbour in
Kent. |
1882 |
C was on "Family Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Cerro
Perico Flaco, Argentine. |
|
A hill near river
Beguelo, a tributary of Rio Negro. |
1833 |
Nov. 22-26 CD visited from
estancia of Mr Keen and found skull of "Megatherium"
[actually Toxodon]. The hill now bears an obelisk
commemorating CD's visit and a nearby village is called Darwin—J. H.
Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360, 1975. |
Chaffers,
Edward Main |
|
Master and acted as Purser of Beagle
during illness and after death of Rowlett. Master of Beagle
on
2nd voyage. Later Captain of
N.Z. Association Ship Tori. Harbour Master Port Nicholson. |
Chagas
Disease |
|
A trypanosomiasis of South
America,
spread to man by the house bugs Triatoma infestans and Conorhinus
magistus. Chagas disease, 1984 New Scientist Oct. 29 pp. 321-4;
Ralph Bernstein
1984 J. R. Soc. Med. 77:608-9. |
1909 |
The infective agent, Trypanosoma
cruzi, was
first described by Carlos Chagas, "Nova tripanozomiaze humana, Ueber
eine neue Trypanosomiasis des Menschen", Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz,
Rio de Janeiro, 1:159-218. |
1835 |
Often suggested that CD had the
disease from being bitten by T. infestans, the benchuca bug,
at Luxan, Mendoza Province, Argentine, 1835 Mar. 26. Others say that
his
symptoms were not those typical of the disease. See CD
Health. |
[page] 54
|
|
Chambers,
Robert, 1802-1871.
|
|
Edinburgh publisher. |
1844,
1845 |
Anonymous author of Vestiges
of the natural history of creation,
1844, and of Explanations; a sequel, 1845. |
1844 |
CD to Hooker, "have been
somewhat less amused at it than you
appear to have been"—LLi 333. |
1845 |
CD to Hooker, on Explanations
and Kerguelen cabbage—MLi 48. |
1847 |
CD to C on Glen Roy—MLii 177. |
1847 |
CD to Hooker, "Somehow I feel
perfectly convinced he is the author"—LLi
356. |
1848 |
CD to Lyell, "if he be, as I
believe, the Author of Vestiges
this book [Ancient sea margins] for poverty of intellect is a
literary curiosity"—Carroll 73. |
circa
1850 |
CD to Hooker, CD calls him "Mr.
Vestiges"—LLii 29. |
1860 |
C was at Oxford British
Association meeting. |
1861 |
CD called at "his very nice
house in St. John's Wood. He is really
a capital fellow"—MLi 186. |
1884 |
Public
acknowledgement was not made until 12th edition 1884, after C's death. |
Chapman
|
|
Cambridge friend of CD—LLi 181.
Not traced. |
Chapman,
Dr John, 1822-1894. |
|
Physician and
publisher. |
1865 |
Spring
and summer, CD tried his ice-cure.
|
Charles
Darwin and the
voyage of the
Beagle |
1945 |
Emma Nora Darwin (F1571). |
Charlesworth,
Edward, 1813-1893. |
|
Geologist. |
1838 |
CD
to Lyell, "Charlesworth is to be pitied for many reasons"—Carroll 11. |
1842 |
CD to Lyell, discussing a
controversy between C and Buckland,
Lyell and Owen on the Crag, "it is not the wise who rule the universe,
but the active rule the inactive and verily Charlesworth
is...active"—Carroll 28. |
Chator,
William, 1802-1885. |
|
Nurseryman of Saffron
Walden, Essex. |
1855 |
CD to Henslow [as Mrs Chator],
on breeding of
hollyhocks in which C specialized—Darwin-Henslow 189. |
Chatsworth,
Derbyshire. |
|
Seat of the Dukes of
Devonshire. |
1845 |
Sep. or Oct. CD visited. |
Cheesman,
Thomas Frederic,
1846-1923.
|
|
Botanist. Curator Auckland
Institute and Museum for 49 years. Described fertilization of
orchids, especially Pterostylis to CD. See 2ed Orchids.
|
1876 |
CD sent
inscribed copy to C "with the author's compliments and respect". |
Chêne
|
|
Near Vevey, Lac Léman,
Switzerland. Home of J.
C. L. Simonde de Sismondi. |
"Cherry
blossoms" |
1876 |
"Cherry blossoms", Nature,
Lond., 14:28 (Bii 189, F1772). |
[page] 55
|
|
Chester,
Mr Harry, 1806-1868. |
|
Clerk in Privy Council Office.
Novelist. Son of Sir Robert C, 1768-1848, DL,
Hertfordshire.
A personal friend of Fitz-Roy who was invited to
go on Beagle before CD, but could not. |
Chester,
Colonel Joseph Lemuel, 1821-1882. |
|
American
genealogist. Worked on early history of the Darwin family. George
Howard D's mss notes for C are in the Galton papers at
University College London. DNB. |
1858 |
C
settled in London. |
1879 |
Henrietta Emma D "My brothers
had been having
the pedigree of the Darwins made out by a certain Colonel Chester"—EDii
237. |
Chester
Place, Regent's Park, London. |
1868 |
No. 4, Sarah Elizabeth
Wedgwood's [II]
"little house". |
Chester
Terrace, Regent's Park, London. |
|
No. 42, Home
of Hensleigh Wedgwood. |
Chevening,
Kent. |
|
Seat of 4th and 5th Earls
Stanhope q.v. |
1849 |
CD visited. |
Chiloe
Island, Chile.
|
1834-1835 |
1834 Nov. 10-1835 Feb. 4 Beagle
surveying around. CD much ashore, including visits to Chonos
Archipelago to south of C. "Everyone was glad to say farewell to
Chiloe"—J. Researches 1845, 297. |
Chinese
|
|
First edition in: |
1903 |
Origin of species
(Chs 3 and 4 only) (F634). |
1918 |
Whole work (F637). |
"Chlorophyll"
|
1882 |
"The action of carbonate of
ammonia
on chlorophyll bodies", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot., 19:262-284
(Bii
256, F1801); abstract by Francis D, who helped in the work, Nature,
Lond., 25:489-490. |
Chobham,
Surrey. |
1853 |
Aug. CD visited military camp
for Crimean war. |
Chonos,
Archipiélago de los, Chile. |
1834-1835
|
1834 Dec. 18-1835 Jan. 15 Beagle
surveying off; CD ashore. |
Christ's
College Cambridge |
1827 |
Oct. 15 CD admitted, "Admissus
est pensionarius minor sub Magistro Shaw", but did not go up
until Lent term. Set in front court, G staircase, traditionally the
same as those of William Paley. The set now has commemorative Wedgwood
plaque. |
Cirripedia,
British Fossil
|
1850 |
"On British fossil
Lepadidae", Quart J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.), 6:439-440, abstract
only. CD withdrew the paper (F1679). |
1851, 1854, 1858 |
A monograph
of the fossil Lepadidae, or pedunculated cirripedes of Great
Britain...A monograph of the fossil Balanidae and Verrucidae of Great
Britain...[Index to Vol. II 1858], Palaeontographical
Society Vols 5, 8
and 12 [index to Vol. II], London (F342), Facsimile 1966 (F343). |
[page] 56
|
|
Cirripedia,
British Living, see Albany
Hancock. |
Cirripedia,
Living |
1851,
1854 |
A monograph of
the sub-class Cirripedia...The Lepadidae; or, pedunculated
cirripedes...The Balanidae (or sessile cirripedes), the Verrucidae,
2 vols, Ray Society's Publ. Nos 21 and 25, London (F339). |
1854 |
CD asks Huxley's advice on
complimentary copies; these were sent to
Bosquet, Milne Edwards, Dana, L. Agassiz, Müller, Dunker; possibly also
to Von Siebold, Lovén, d'Orbigny, Kölliker, Sars, Kröyer. |
1863 |
"On the
so-called auditory-sac in cirripedes", Nat. Hist. Rev.,
3:115-116 (Bii 85, F1722). |
1873 |
"On the males and complemental
males of
certain cirripedes, and on rudimentary structures", Nature,
Lond., 8:431-432 (Bii 177, F1762). |
1936 |
Foreign edition: extracts only
Russian (F341). |
1964 |
Facsimile
(F340). |
Claparède,
Jean Louis René Antoine Édouard,
1830-1871.
|
|
Swiss invertebrate zoologist.
Early convert to evolution—MLi 259. |
1861 |
Articles on evolution
in Revue Germanique. |
1862- |
Professor Comparative Anatomy
Geneva. |
Clapham
Grammar School
|
|
All CD's sons went there
except William Erasmus D. Ruck sons made friends with CD's sons there. |
1834 |
Headmaster and founder Charles
Pritchard; George and Francis educated by him. |
1862 |
Headmaster Alfred
Wrigley; Leonard and Horace educated by him. |
1885 |
Closed. |
Clapham,
Marianne |
|
Aunt of Laura Forster, known as
Mone; wrote autobiography, with darwinian reference. |
Clark,
Dr |
1837 |
CD's physician in London,
perhaps Sir
James C 1788-1870. |
Clark,
Sir Andrew, Bart, 1826-1893. |
|
Fashionable
London physician. DNB. |
1873 |
C first
attended CD. |
1876 |
Attended William Erasmus D at
Down House for
concussion in a riding accident. |
1881 |
C saw CD in London, "some
derangement of the heart". |
1882 |
Mar. 10 C saw CD at Down House. |
1882 |
Apr. C on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1883 |
1st Bart. |
1885 |
FRS. |
Clark,
John Willis, 1833-1910.
|
|
Zoologist,
archaeologist and Cambridge historian. DNB. |
1866-1891 |
Superintendent Zoology Museum
Cambridge. |
1877 |
Nov. C fed ED on galantine when
CD got honorary LL.D. |
1882 |
C was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1891-1910 |
Registrar Cambridge University. |
1909 |
C organised CD
centenary celebrations at Cambridge. |
Clark,
Mary
|
|
Daughter of Philip and Ann (née
Wedgwood) C. Married Joseph Wedgwood. |
Clark,
William, 1788-1869.
|
|
DNB. |
1817-1866 |
Prof. Anatomy Cambridge.
|
1826-1859 |
Rector of Guisely, Yorkshire. |
1836 |
FRS. |
1860 |
May 18 CD to Lyell, says anti-Origin,
but son J. W. Clark says
not so—LLii 308. |
[page] 57
|
|
Clarke,
William Barnard, 1805/6-1894
Mar. 20. |
|
Physician, practised at
Wherstead Rd, Ipswich. First Curator of
Ipswich Museum. |
1838-1849
|
Published several papers in Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist.
and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1838-49, and a single leaf on a new
seal. |
1850 |
C edited Narrative of
the wreck of the "Favorite",
by John Nunn, a sailor. |
1871 |
Moved to North Shields. |
Clarke,
William Branwhite, 1798-1878. |
|
Priest and geologist. |
1839 |
Emigrated to Australia. |
1876 |
FRS. |
Cleavage
|
1846-1847 |
CD's views on geological
cleavage, with illustrations by CD—MLii 199-210. These were never
published as a paper. |
Clement,
William, 1763-1853. |
|
Apothecary of Shrewsbury;
"unflinching
advocate of parliamentary reform and civil and religious
liberty"—Meteyard,
Woodall p. 10. CD must have known as a child. |
Clemson
|
|
Gunsmith of Shrewsbury. |
1831 |
C made CD's
gun and spare parts for Beagle voyage—LLi 210. |
Clift,
William, 1775-1849. |
|
Had examined some of CD's South
American fossils
before
he returned. DNB. |
1793-1844
|
Conservator Royal College
of Surgeons Museum. |
1835 |
His daughter married Richard
Owen. |
Climbing
plants |
1865 |
"On the movements and habits of
climbing plants", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., 9, Nos 33 and
34,
1-118 (F833-834): also available as a book in paper wrappers (F835). |
1866 |
Reprinted in Flora,
49:241-252, 273-282, 321-325,
337-345, 375-378, 385-398. |
1875 |
2nd edition The movements
and
habits of climbing plants, London (F836). |
1882 |
2nd edition with
appendix to preface by Francis D, London (F839). |
|
First foreign
editions: |
1876 |
USA (F838), German (F860). |
1877 |
French (F858). |
1900 |
Russian
(F865). |
1970 |
Romanian (F864). |
Clive,
William, 1795-1883.
|
|
Married Marianne, daughter of
George Tollet. |
1844-1861 |
Archdeacon of Montgomery. |
1855 |
CD to Henslow, CD had
seen C in London and he had enquired after H—Darwin-Henslow 174. |
Clough,
Miss Anne Jemima, 1820-1892. |
|
Sister of
Arthur Hugh Clough, poet. First Principal of Newnham College Cambridge.
DNB. |
1883
|
C stayed at Down House. |
Clowes,
William, 1779-1847. |
|
Printer. Printed for John
Murray. |
Coal
Club |
|
CD was interested in the savings
club for
Downe villagers—Darwin-Innes 203. |
Coal,
Origin of |
1846 |
CD to Hooker, 4 letters on the
subject—MLii 217-220. |
Cobbe,
Miss Frances Power, 1822-1904. |
|
Antivivisectionist. Editor of The
Echo and Zoophilist. Reviewed Descent in Theological
Rev. DNB. |
1868 |
ED to her sister Elizabeth
Wedgwood "I dined over the
way [at Hensleigh Wedgwood's] (and Charles also) to meet Miss Cobbe and
Miss Lloyd. Miss Cobbe was very agreeable"—EDii 189. |
1872 |
Darwinism in morals and
other
essays, London. |
1875-1884 |
Secretary National
Anti-Vivisection Society. |
1881 |
C issued
antivivisection circular which she sent to CD; letters by C to The
Times Apr. 19 and 23, by CD Apr. 22 and by Romanes Apr. 25
relate. CD to Romanes "with the sweet Miss Cobbe—Good Heavens what a
liar she is: did you notice how in her second letter she altered what
she quoted from her first letter, trusting to no one comparing the
two"—LLii 203. |
1894 |
C to ED for
permission to publish correspondence from CD which she had altered and
printed in The Echo, about what C considered a miscarriage of
justice, but was not—EDii 302. |
1894 |
Autobiography. |
[page] 58
|
|
Cobbold,
Thomas Spencer, 1828-1886. |
|
Parasitologist. |
1885 |
C described CD's Beagle
parasites in J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool.,
19:174-178. |
Cocos
Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean. |
|
Coral atolls with lagoons. They
had an important influence on CD's views
on the origin of such islands. |
1836 |
Apr. 1-12 Beagle
at. |
|
Apr. 2-3 CD ashore on Direction
Island. Captain John
Clunies Ross, the owner, was away, and CD only met his
assistant Mr
Liesk. |
Cohn,
Ferdinand Julius, 1828-1898. |
|
German botanist. Prof. Botany
Breslau. |
1876 |
Aug. C visited Down House. |
1882 |
C wrote of
visit in Breslauer Zeitung Apr. 23. |
"Colaptes
campestris"
|
1870 |
"Notes on the habits of the
pampas woodpecker, (Colaptes campestris)",
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
No. 47:705-706 (Bii 161, F1750). |
Colburn,
Henry, ?-1855. |
|
Publisher of Great
Marlborough St, London. |
1839 |
Published 1st edition of Journal
of
researches. |
Coldstream,
John, 1806-1863. |
|
Physician at Leith.
Naturalist friend of CD at Edinburgh. DNB. |
1833-1835
|
Wrote "Cirrhopoda" in Todd Cyclopaedia
of
anatomy and physiology 1 pp. 683-94 . |
Colenso,
William, 1811-1899.
|
|
Botanist and ethnologist.
|
1834-1842
|
Missionary printer at Paihia, NZ.
|
1835
|
CD spent Christmas Day with him.
|
1883
|
Eulogy of CD by C Trans.
& Proc. N.Z. Inst.
15:541 "that great and good man".
|
1883
|
Hooker proposed C for Royal
Society, asked Haast to sponsor him, saying that CD would gladly have
signed—Tee p. 46.
|
Collier,
Elizabeth, 1747-1832. |
|
Natural daughter of
Charles Colyear. Mother was ?Collier, governess to the legitimate
children. Married 1 Edward Chandos Pole. CD's step-grandmother. Francis
Galton's grandmother. |
1781 |
Married 2, as second wife,
Erasmus
Darwin [I]. |
Collier,
Hon. John, 1850-1934. |
|
Known as Jack. Painter and
rationalist. RA. Son of Sir Robert Porrett C, Baron
Monkswell. DNB. |
1879 |
Married 1 Marian Huxley,
daughter of
T. H. Huxley. |
1881 |
C painted CD three-quarter
length in oils. CD sat for him in Aug.—LLiii 223. |
1881 |
CD thanks for
sending copy of "your Art Primer". "Everybody whom I have seen, and who
has seen your picture of me is delighted with it. I shall be proud some
day to see myself suspended at the Linnean Society [who commissioned
it]"—MLi 398. |
1882 |
C on "Personal Friends invited"
list for CD's funeral. |
1887 |
"Many of those who knew his face
most intimately think that Mr. Collier's picture is the best of the
portraits"—LLiii 223. Now at Linnean Society, Burlington House, London.
Replica by the artist with the family. Engraved by Leopold Flameng, the
prints bearing the signatures of artist and engraver. |
1889 |
Married 2 Ethel Gladys Huxley,
daughter of T. H. Huxley. |
[page] 59
|
|
Collingwood,
Dr Cuthbert, 1826-1908. |
|
Botanist. DNB. |
1861 |
CD to Bates, CD had corresponded
with C on mimicry—MLi 197. |
1855 |
On
the scope and tendency of botanical study, London. |
1868 |
Rambles
of a naturalist on the shores and waters of the Chinese seas,
London. |
Colonia
del Sacramiento, Uruguay. |
1833 |
Nov. 17 CD at. |
Columbarian
Society |
|
A society for breeders of
domestic pigeons, in which CD was much interested for Variation. See
also Philoperisteron. |
1855,
1856 |
CD attended meetings near London
Bridge—LLii 51. |
1859 |
CD to Huxley. "I sat one evening
in a gin palace in the Borough amongst
a set of pigeon fanciers"—LLii 281. |
1859 |
CD to Huxley, "I have found it
very important associating with fanciers and breeders"—LLii 281. |
?1859 |
CD to Huxley sending him a card
to admit him to a pigeon show—MLi 125. |
Colon,
Archipiélago de |
|
Official Ecuadorian name for
Galapagos Islands q.v. |
Colyear,
Charles, Earl of Portmore, 1700-1785. |
|
Known as "Beau" Colyear. Natural
father of Elizabeth Collier. CD's Step-great-grandfather in
bastardy. Francis Galton's great-grandfather in bastardy. DNB. |
1730 |
2nd Earl. |
1732 |
Married Juliana, Dowager Duchess
of Leeds. |
Comfort
|
circa
1842-1854 |
Gardener-coachman at Down House.
|
Compilers
|
|
CD considered his evolution
books to be
compilations. |
1859 |
CD to Huxley, "The inaccuracy of
the blessed band
(of which I am one) of compilers passes all bounds, The difficulty
is to know what to trust. No one or two statements are worth a
farthing"—LLii 281. |
Concepcion,
Chile. |
1835 |
Mar. 4-7 Beagle at.
Earthquake of Feb. 20 had caused almost total destruction of the town
and of its port Talcahuano. |
Condy's
ozonised water |
1862 |
CD took for dyspepsia.
CD to Hooker "with, I think, extraordinary advantage—to comfort, at
least"—MLi 472. |
Conington,
EDii 19, misprint for Covington q.v. |
Coniston,
Lancashire. |
1879 |
Aug. 2-27 CD had family
holiday there. |
[page] 60
|
|
Constitucion
|
|
Small schooner, cost £400. |
1835 |
May, used to survey coasts of
Chile and Peru by Sulivan and Usborne. |
Conway,
Caernarvonshire.
|
1831 |
Aug. CD visited with
Sedgwick for geology. |
Conway,
Collected essays. |
|
CD's words, no such work, must
be Atlantic essays
1871. |
Conway,
Moncure Daniel, 1832-1907. |
|
American
Unitarian clergyman. Ardent abolitionist. Sent Col.
Higginson's Collected essays to CD—LLiii 176. |
1863-1884 |
Minister South Place Chapel,
Finsbury, London. |
1873 |
Jan. visited Down House. |
Cooke,
Robert Francis, 1816-1891.
|
|
Partner of John Murray. |
after
1845 |
Much
involved in publishing CD's books. |
Cookson,
Montague Hughes, 1832-?
|
|
Barrister.
Cambridge friend of CD's sons. |
1875 |
QC. |
1882 |
C was on "Personal Friends
invited"
list for CD's funeral. |
Cooper,
Mr James Davis, 1823-1904. |
|
Wood engraver and book
illustrator of 188 Strand, London. C cut woodblocks
for Insectivorous plants. |
Cope,
Edward Drinker, 1840-1897. |
|
American
palaeontologist. |
1872 |
CD to Alpheus Hyatt about
Hyatt's and C's theories on
evolution—MLi 338. |
1876 |
CD to ?William Erasmus D, "He
writes very
obscurely, but is an excellent naturalist"—Carroll 502. |
1887 |
The origin
of the fittest, New York. |
1889- |
Prof. Geology and
Palaeontology Pennsylvania. |
Copiapó,
Chile. |
1835 |
Jun. 22 CD reached C on
expedition from Valparaiso, via Coquimbo. |
|
Jun. 26-Jul. 1 CD took a short
expedition into cordilleras from C. |
|
Jul. 5 Beagle left C
for
Iquique. |
Coquimbo
|
1835 |
May 14-Jun. 2 CD visited C on
expedition from Valparaiso. Met Fitz-Roy there and stayed with Mr
Edwards, whose silver mine at Arqueros they visited May 21. Small
earthquake whilst they were there. |
Coral
islands |
1843 |
"Remarks on the preceding paper
in a letter from Charles Darwin, Esq. to Mr. Maclaren", Edinb. New
Phil. J., 34:47-50 (Bi 171, F1662); preceding paper by Charles
Maclaren, "On coral islands and reefs as described by Mr. Darwin". |
1962 |
"Coral Islands", Atoll
Research Bull., No. 88, 20 pp, 1 map
(F1576); a transcript of CD's mss notes, with introduction by D. R.
Stoddart. |
Coral
reefs, Part 1 of
geology of the voyage of the Beagle. |
1842 |
The structure and
distribution of coral reefs, London
(F271). |
1851 |
Same text in a combination
volume with the other 2 parts
(F274). |
1969 |
Facsimile (F306). |
1874 |
2nd edition (F275). |
1889 |
3rd
edition (F277). |
|
First foreign editions, whole or
part: |
1846 |
Russian (F320). |
1876 |
German (F311). |
1878 |
French (F309). |
1888 |
Italian (F318). |
1889 |
USA (F278). |
1949 |
Japanese (F319). |
Corbet,
Mr |
|
A blind friend of Mrs
Marsh
Caldwell. |
1866 |
CD to Mrs C enclosing note for C
about diet—Carroll 323. |
Corfield,
Mr |
|
Of Pitchford, Shropshire, father
of
Richard C—Darwin-Henslow 97. |
[page] 61
|
|
Corfield,
Rev. Richard,
1781-1865. |
|
Father of Richard Henry C. Lived
when old at The Retreat, Cornwall. |
1812-1865
|
Rector of Pitchford,
Shropshire. |
Corfield, Richard Henry,
1804-1897. |
|
Son of Rev. Richard C.
[Another version says
father was William Wilmot circa 1785-1847 of Chatwall Hall, Cardington,
Salop.]
Schoolfriend of CD living in
Almendral, a suburb
of Valparaiso. |
1816-1819 |
Shrewsbury School. |
1829-1868 |
In South America. |
1834,
1835 |
1834 and again 1835 CD stayed
with. |
Cornford,
Frances, see Darwin. |
Cornford,
Francis Macdonald, 1874-1943. |
|
Married Frances Crofts Darwin.
Laurence Professor of Ancient Philosophy
Cambridge. |
1937 |
FBA. |
1908 |
Author of Microcosmographia
Academica: being a
guide for the young academic politician, 16mo, 24 pp, Cambridge,
Bowes & Bowes. |
Cote
House, Westbury, Bristol. |
circa
1795 |
A large country estate bought
by John Wedgwood. A great social centre for young Ws and Allens.
Gardens and greenhouses were famous. See
also Ann
Green of Clifton. |
1805 |
Sold because of J. W's
financial troubles. |
Cotton,
Mr |
1822 |
"An old Mr. Cotton in
Shropshire"
had pointed out to CD the bell stone, an erratic boulder in
Shrewsbury—CD's "Autobiography" 52. |
Couper,
William, 1853-1942. |
|
Sculptor of New York. |
1909 |
Bust in bronze by C of CD
presented to Christ's College Cambridge
by USA delegates to celebrations. |
Covington,
Syms, 1813-1861 Feb. 17. |
|
"Fiddler and boy
to the poop cabin" on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Boy 2nd class,
shoemaker. Drawing of Lima beauty
p. 289 and Napoleon's tomb p. 362 in Keynes, property of Linn. Soc. NSW
in
Mitchell Library, Sydney. Biography B. J. Ferguson 1971. |
1833 |
May 22
became personal servant to CD at "under £60 per annum". Cost CD £30
because
FR kept him on the books for food. |
1834 |
Jul. 20 CD to sister Catherine
"my servant is an odd sort of person; I do not very much like him; but
he is, from his very oddity, very well adapted to all my purposes—CD
and Beagle 100-105, Keynes 218, CCD p. 392. |
|
C rearranged CD's notes on
volcanic
islands—Journal. |
until
1839 |
Remained in
CD's employ as secretary servant until 1839 Feb. 25, when CD's accounts
show "Present to Covington on leaving me £2". |
1839 |
May 29 CD wrote
testimonial for. |
1839 |
Went to Australia
working his passage as a cook. First employed at Australian
Agricultural Co's coal depot in Sydney. |
circa 1840 |
Married Eliza Twyford of Stroud.
6 sons, 2 daughters:
eldest son Syms died 1923. |
from 1854 |
Employed at Pambula running a
store
and postmaster, Nov. 1 until death. Home The Retreat,
Princes Highway, Pambula, Twofold Bay, NSW: 1971 it was a physician's
house. |
until
1859 |
CD continued to
correspond with C. C sent CD large numbers of barnacles. |
|
Very deaf in later years.
|
1861
|
Death
certificate says "21
years in this colony". |
1884 |
Aug. 9 CD's letters to C
published in Sydney
Mail, 38:254-255.
|
1959 |
Reprinted in Notes and
Records Roy. Soc., 14:14-27. |
Craik,
Georgiana Marion [Mrs May], 1831-1895. |
|
Novelist. |
1858 |
C was a visitor to Moor Park
Hydro. CD to ED "I like
Miss Craik very much though we have some battles"—LLii 114. |
Cranworth,
Baron, see Rolfe. |
Crawfurd,
John, 1783-1868. |
|
Orientalist and Army
surgeon. DNB. |
1856 |
CD to Hooker mentions C as being
on selection committee
of Athenaeum when Huxley was up for membership—MLi 89. |
1859 |
C reviewed Origin
in Examiner, hostile but free from bigotry—LLii 237. |
Crawley,
Charles, 1846-1899. |
|
Cambridge friend of
Francis D. C and wife, Augusta Emily Butcher,
drowned while boating on river Wye. |
1872 |
C visited Down House. |
1882 |
C was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Crellin,
J. K. |
1968 |
C was editor of Darwin and
evolution, London, a Jonathan Cape Jackdaw card wallet with
facsimiles and other material, including t.p. of 1859 Origin.
|
Creskeld,
Poole, Yorkshire. |
|
Seat of Francis Rhodes,
later Darwin. |
[page] 62
|
|
Cresselly,
Pembrokeshire. |
|
Home of John Bartlett
Allen. |
from
1803 |
Home of John Hensleigh Allen. |
from 1843 |
Home of Seymour Phillips
Allen. |
Cresy,
Edward, 1792-1858.
|
|
Architect and civil engineer.
Neighbour at
Downe. Father of Edward and Theodore.
|
Cresy,
Edward, 1825-1870. |
|
Son of Edward C. Architect.
Neighbour at
Downe "was we believe an architect"—MLi 58. DNB. |
1860 |
C helped CD with
measurements for Insectivorous plants—LLiii 318. |
Crewe,
Frances, ?-1845. |
1833 |
Married Robert Wedgwood as 1st
wife. |
Crick,
Walter Drawbridge, 1857-1903. |
|
Of Northampton. Businessman and
palaeontologist. |
1882 |
Feb. C to CD
about dispersal of fresh-water bivalve molluscs by water beetles—LLiii
252. See Nature,
Lond., 529-530, 1882 Apr. 6. |
Cripps
Corner, Ashdown Forest, Sussex. |
1900 |
Country
home of Leonard D when he married Mildred Massingberd. |
Crocker,
Charles William, 1832-1868. |
1862 |
C had
lately retired from being foreman at Kew. He was going to work on
varieties of hollyhock—MLi 218. |
1862 |
Of Chichester, "he has the real
spirit of an experimentalist, but has not done much this summer"—MLii
261. |
Crofton,
Amy |
1867 |
C was a family friend who went
to
May eights at Cambridge with ED and family. |
Crofts,
Ellen, 1856-1903. |
|
Daughter of John C of
Leeds. Fellow in English Literature, Newnham
College, Cambridge. |
1883 |
Married as second wife Francis
D. |
Croll,
James, 1821-1890. |
|
Geologist of Edinburgh. DNB. |
1869 |
CD to Lyell about C's estimates
of geological time—Carroll
364. |
1869 |
CD sent him 5th edition of Origin.
|
1875 |
Climate
and time, London. |
1876 |
FRS. |
Cross,
J. W., 1840-1924.
|
|
Born Liverpool, England. Spent a
few years in his youth at New York branch of family bank. |
1880
|
Married Mary Ann Evans.
|
Cross,
Mary Ann, see Evans. |
Cross
and Self Fertilisation |
1876 |
The effects
of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom (F1249). |
1878 |
2nd edition (F1251). |
1891 |
3rd edition, but really as 2nd
(F1256). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1877 |
French (F1265), German (F1266),
USA (F1250). |
1878 |
Italian (F1269). |
1938 |
Russian (F1272). |
1964 |
Polish (F1270),
Romanian (F1271). |
"Cross
Breeding" |
1856 |
"Cross breeding", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 49:806, 812 (Bi 264, F1691, 1692). |
1860 |
"Cross bred
plants", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 3:49 (Bii 31, F1704). |
1861 |
[letter to D. Beaton] "Phenomena
in the cross-breeding of plants", J. Hort.,
1:112-113 (Bii 39, F1713). |
1861 |
"Cross-breeding in plants", J.
Hort.,
1:151 (Bii 42, F1714). |
Crüger,
Dr Hermann, 1818-1864. |
|
Botanist. |
1857- |
Director of Botanic Garden,
Trinidad. |
1862 |
Mar. C helped CD with
Melostomaceae—MLii 299. |
?1863 |
C observed fertilisation in Catasetum
and Coryanthes—LLiii 284. |
1866 |
CD to Fritz Müller, "I am
sorry to say Dr. Crüger is dead from a fever"—MLii 262. |
Cumberland
Place, Regent's Park, London. |
1868 |
No. 1, Hensleigh Wedgwood's
house. |
[page] 63
|
|
Cuming,
Hugh, 1791-1865. |
|
Collector, especially of
molluscan shells. C collected in Galapagos before CD. DNB. |
1819 |
Sailmaker at Valparaiso. |
1829 |
C visited Galapagos Islands—MLi
52. |
1839 |
C returned to
England. |
1854 |
CD arranged and
identified C's barnacles for him. |
Cupples,
Rev. George, 1822-1891. |
|
Popular writer. |
1873 |
CD
to C, long letter of general nature about people. CD had recommended
Mrs
(Anne J.) C's book Tappy's chicks and other links between nature
and human nature, London 1872, to Josiah Wedgwood [III]'s family,
with whom CD was staying—Carroll 428. |
"Cypripedium"
|
1867 |
"Fertilisation of cypripediums",
Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 14: 350 (Bii 134, F1738). |
"Cytisus
scoparius" |
1866 |
"The common broom (Cytisus
scoparius)", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot., 9:358; a note
added to
George Henslow's paper, "Note on the structure of Indigofera etc.", ibid.,
9:355-358 (Bii 134, F1737). |
Czech
|
|
First editions in: |
1956 |
Journal of researches
(F171). |
1914 |
Origin of species
(F641). |
1906 |
Descent of
man (F1048). |
1964 |
Expression of the emotions
(F1181). |
[page 64]
D
|
|
Dallas,
William Sweetland, 1824-1900. |
|
Zoologist. |
1868 |
CD to Fritz Muller, "Prof.
Huxley agrees with me that Mr. Dallas
is by far the best translator" of Für Darwin—MLii 353. |
1868 |
D
compiled index to Variation under domestication, holding the
publication up. |
1872 |
D compiled glossary to 6th
edition of Origin. |
d'Alton,
Johann Samuel Eduard, 1803-1854. |
|
Son of J. W. E. d'A. q.v.
Vertebrate
zoologist. Professor of Physiology and Anatomy,
Halle. |
1848 |
Book on teratology. |
d'Alton,
Josef Wilhelm Eduard, 1772-1840. |
|
Father of J. S. E. d'A.
Vertebrate
zoologist. Scientific illustrator. d'A is referred to in historical
sketch
to Origin as J. S. E. d'A, their names being persistently
misprinted "Dalton". See Book Collector, 25:257-258,
1976. |
Dana,
James Dwight, 1813-1895. |
|
American geologist and
zoologist. Biography: Gilman 1899. |
1849 |
D sent CD his
work on geology of US Expedition—LLi 374. |
1849 |
CD to Lyell, "Dana is
dreadfully hypothetical in many parts, and often as 'd—d cocked sure'
as Macaulay"—MLii 225. |
1850-1892 |
Silliman
Prof. Natural History and Geology Yale. |
1854 |
CD sent D copy of Living
Cirripedia. |
1859 |
CD sent D copy of 1st edition of
Origin. |
1859 |
Dec. CD to
Lyell, CD had had a letter from D saying that he is "quite disabled in
his head" from overwork—Carroll 188. |
1860 |
D to CD, from Florence,
saying that his health was poor. |
1863 |
CD to Lyell on D's
classification
of mammals in Silliman's J., 25:65-71 and Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., 12:207-213, "The whole seems to me to be
utterly wild"—MLi 236. |
1877 |
Copley Medal. |
1881 |
Aug. CD to Hooker, says D was
first to
argue for permanence of continents—LLiii 247. |
1884 |
Foreign Member R. S. |
Dandy
|
1867, 1868
|
A carriage horse at Down House,
bought 1867,
sold 1868. |
Dangerous
Archipelago, see Tuamotu. |
Danish
|
|
First editions in: |
1876 |
Journal of researches
(F174). |
1872 |
Origin of species
(F643). |
1874-1875
|
Descent of
man (F1050). |
1909 |
Autobiography (F1512). |
Darbishire,
Alexander |
1832 |
Apr. 25 CD to Caroline D "is
also
discharged the service from his own desire, not choosing his conduct,
which has been bad about money matters to be investigated"—D and
Beagle pp. 64-6. |
Darby,
Yvonne |
|
1st wife of Sir Robert
Vere
Darwin. |
[page] 65
|
|
Dareste
de la Chavanne, Gabriel Madeleine Camille,
1822-1899. |
|
French biologist. Held various
biological chairs in Paris.
Specialist on monstrosities. |
1863 |
CD to D, D was pro-Origin—LLiii
7. |
1869 |
CD to D about his application
for a chair of physiology in
Paris. |
Darwin,
Family of, Burke,
1888. |
|
Gives by far the
most detailed pedigree. |
before
1542 |
He traces the family in the male
line back to
William D [I] of Marton, Lincolnshire, who died before 1542. The male
descendents continue largely in that county. |
1680 |
In 1680 William D [VI]
married Ann Waring who inherited Elston Hall in the same county. The
estate was inherited by their son Robert D and is still held by the
senior branch of CD's line of the family. |
1849 |
But it passed to a distaff on
the marriage of Charlotte Maria Cooper D to Francis Rhodes in 1849. |
1850 |
The
latter, in 1850, changed his name to Darwin on inheriting Elston under
the will of his brother-in-law Robert Alvey D, who had died in 1847. |
|
The headship of the family, in
the male line, then passed back to the
descendents of Erasmus D [I] who was the younger brother of Charlotte
D's father William Alvey D. |
1847-1848 |
Erasmus's only surviving son
Robert Waring
D, CD's father, held it briefly in 1847-1848 and, on his death in the
latter year, it went to his elder son Erasmus Alvey D, CD's brother. |
1881-1882 |
Erasmus Alvey D died in August
1881,
unmarried, and CD himself held it for a
little over 6 months. |
1882
|
From CD it went to his eldest
son William
Erasmus D who had no children. |
1912 |
CD's second son, Sir
George
Howard D, had died in 1912. |
1914 |
His eldest son, Sir
Charles
Galton D, became head on William Erasmus D's death in 1914. |
1962 |
On Sir
Charles's death in 1962, it passed to his eldest son George P. D. |
1914, 1915 |
Less
detailed pedigrees are printed in Emma Darwin, i, 1915, and
in Life letters and labours of Francis Galton, i, 1914. |
1952 |
There
is also a brief one in Period piece, 1952, which carries the
pedigree one generation further into the 20th century. |
1978 |
A pedigree in
manuscript, compiled in 1978 by Sir Iain Moncrieffe of that
Ilk, Bart, shows the relationship of CD to the present Queen Elizabeth
II, through her mother. The common ancestor was Thomas Foley
(1617-1677), great-great-grandfather of Erasmus D [I]'s first wife,
Mary
Howard, whose mother was Penelope Foley. Her Majesty is thus CD's fifth
cousin four times removed. Sir Iain also gives a pedigree to King
Edward III (1312-1377), in 18 generations, and he suggests a
relationship to William Shakespeare, with one doubtful link: both of
these are through the Hon. Penelope Paget, mother of Paul
Foley, grandson of Thomas Foley. |
about 1920 |
Finally,
there is an absurd single sheet, compiled by Francis Darwin Swift,
about 1920, which gives a skeleton pedigree back to Isaac II, Angelus,
Eastern Emperor 1185-1204. |
|
Three pedigrees are given here:
one, abridged from Burke, shows the male Darwin line back to the 16th
century,
as far as he was able to trace it: a second shows CD's children and
grandchildren, although the latters' marriages and the CD
great-grandchildren are intentionally omitted: and thirdly one to shew
CD's relationship to ED. These pedigrees can be expanded, especially to
the other 13 children of Erasmus Darwin [I], and to Wedgwoods and
Allens, by reference to the text. |
[page] 66
![](https://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/Ancillary/1978_Companion_A27/1978_Companion_A27_fig01.jpg)
Skeleton Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin in the male line (from H.
Farnham Burke, 1888).
[page] 67
![](https://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/Ancillary/1978_Companion_A27/1978_Companion_A27_fig02.jpg)
Charles Robert (5th child) Pedigee to show Charles Robert Darwin's
Relationship to his wife
Emma
Wedgwood
(From Emma Darwin, 1915).
[page] 68
![](https://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/Ancillary/1978_Companion_A27/1978_Companion_A27_fig03.jpg)
1. |
2. |
4. |
1. Gwendolen Mary, 1885-1957. |
Bernard Richard Meirion, 1876-1961. |
1. Erasmus, 1881-1915. |
2. Charles Galton, 1887-1962. |
|
2. Ruth Frances, 1883-1973. |
3. Margaret Elizabeth, 1890-1974. |
3. |
3. Emma Nora, 1885-. |
4. William Robert, 1894-1970. |
Frances Crofts, 1886-1960. |
|
Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin's Children and
Grandchildren.
[page] 69
|
|
Darwin,
family of: |
|
George
Pember D, 1928-2001, was head of the family. |
|
|
|
EPONYMS, LIST OF FORENAMES (all
other eponyms are under CRD): |
|
Barlow, Erasmus Darwin, 1915- ,
named after his mother Emma Nora, Lady
Barlow, née Darwin. |
|
Fox, Edith Darwin, 1857 and died
an infant, named after her father
William Darwin F. |
|
Fox, Rev. Samuel
William Darwin, 1841-?, named
after his father Rev. William Darwin F. |
|
Fox, Victor William Darwin
1883-?, named after his grandfather Rev.
William Darwin F. |
|
Fox, Rev. William
Darwin 1805-80,
named after his mother Anne née Darwin. |
|
French, Erasmus Darwin, f1.
1875, source of forenames unknown. |
|
Galton, Darwin, 1814-1903, named
after his mother Frances Anne Violetta née
Darwin. |
|
Galton, Violet Darwin 1862-?,
named after her grandmother Frances
Anne Violetta née Darwin. |
|
Huish, Frances Violetta Darwin
1858-?, named after her grandfather Sir
Francis Sacheverel Darwin. |
|
Huish, Francis Darwin, 1850-?,
named after his grandfather Sir
Francis Sacheverel Darwin. |
|
Keynes, Richard Darwin, 1919- ,
named after his mother Margaret Elizabeth, Lady Keynes, née Darwin. |
|
Overton, William Darwin, ?-1883,
named after his great-great-grandfather William Alvey Darwin, through
his grandfather Rev. William Darwin Fox. |
|
Stowe, Darwin, fl.
1638, named after his great-grandfather Henry Darwin. |
|
Swift, Francis Darwin, 1864-?,
named after his grandfather Sir
Francis Sacheverel Darwin. |
|
Wilmot, Rev. Darwin,
1855-1935, named after his grandfather Sir Francis
Sacheverel Darwin. |
|
Wilmot, Sacheverel Darwin,
1885-?, son of Rev.
Darwin W, q. v. |
![](https://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/Ancillary/1978_Companion_A27/1978_Companion_A27_fig04.jpg)
Arms and Crest of Robert Waring Darwin.
|
|
Darwin,
Family of, Arms, Burke, 1888.
|
circa
1573-1644 |
Records the
arms of William D [IV], circa 1573-1644, as: Argent, on a bend gules
between
two cotises vert, three escallops vert. |
1717 |
He illustrates the same coat
for Robert D of Lincoln's Inn in 1717, with a cadency crescent for
second
son. |
|
Erasmus D [I] used them without
cadency, although he was also a
second son. |
|
His son, Robert Waring D, shows
a martlet for fourth son,
although the pedigree gives him as third son. |
|
There seems to be no record
of CD using arms, although he did use a signet with the crest. |
|
Crest in
all these examples, a demi-griffin segreant vert, holding between the
claws an escallop vert. Motto "E conchis omnia". |
|
Burke illustrates the
arms of two of CD's sons, William Erasmus D and Sir George
Howard D in both of which the coat is quartered 2 and 3, vert a
chevron argent, between 3 herons heads erased (for Waring of Elston
Hall, Lincolnshire); crest the same; motto "Cave et aude". |
|
Fairburn,
for four of CD's sons, records the crests as having in front of the
griffin three escallops fesseway argent. |
|
The senior branch of the
family had slightly variant arms: ermine a leopard's face
jessant-de-lys between two escallops, all within two bendlets gules. |
1849 |
In
1849 Francis Rhodes married Charlotte Maria Cooper D, heiress of Elston
Hall, the family seat. |
1850 |
In 1850 he changed his surname
to Darwin and was
granted in the same year, by Queen Victoria, the Darwin arms quartering
2 and 3 those of Rhodes, per pale argent and azure, on a bend
nebuly, a lion passant guardant, between two acorns slipped, all
countercharged; twin crests, a demi-griffin segreant sable, semée of
mascules or, resting the sinister claw upon an escutcheon argent,
charged with a leopard's face jessant-de-lys gules (for Darwin), A
cubit arm erect, vested of six argent and azure, cuffed gules, the
hand holding in saltire an oak branch and a vine branch, both fructed
proper (for Rhodes): Motto "Cave et aude". |
[page] 70
|
|
Darwin,
family, Charity, see Brass Close. |
Darwin,
Lady
|
|
The following have borne the
title as wives and some as relicts: |
1. |
Maud du Puy, 1905-1947, wife of
Sir
George H. D. |
2. |
Florence Henrietta Fisher,
1913-1920, wife of Sir Francis D. |
3. |
Emma ("Ida") Cecilia Farrer,
1918-1946, wife of Sir Horace D, was also
The Hon. from 1893 when father became Baron. |
4. |
Katharine Pember, 1942-, wife of
Sir Charles Galton D. |
Darwin,
Amy Richenda, see Ruck. |
Darwin,
Ann, 1727-1813.
|
|
Fourth child of Robert D. CD's
great-aunt. Unmarried. |
Darwin,
Anne [I], see Earle. |
Darwin,
Anne [II], see Waring. |
Darwin,
Anne [III], 1777-1859.
|
|
Child of William Alvey D
[I]. CD's first cousin once removed. |
1799 |
Married Samuel Fox. Children
including Rev. William Darwin Fox. |
Darwin,
Anne Elizabeth, 1841 Mar. 2-1851 Apr. 23
midday.
|
|
Second child of CD, born at 12
Upper Gower St. Known as "Annie", "Kitty
Kumplings". CD's favourite child. Her
character—LLi 132-134. |
1851
|
Died at Malvern of a fever. |
Darwin,
"Annie", see Anne Elizabeth D. |
Darwin,
"Babba", see Charles Robert D. |
Darwin,
"Babsey", see Bernard Richard
Meirion D. |
Darwin,
"Backy", see Sir Francis D. |
Darwin,
"Bee", see Fraser. |
Darwin,
Bernard Richard Meirion, 1876 7 Sep.-1961
Oct. 18. |
|
Writer mostly on golf. Only
child of Sir Francis D and Amy
Richenda. CD's senior grandchild, the first of two born in CD's
lifetime. Known as "Babsey", "Dubba", or "Dubsy" in
infancy. Known as "Dubba" in youth. Home
Gorringes, Downe. |
1876-1883
|
His mother died in childbed and
he was brought up at Down House until
his father married again in 1883. |
1906 |
Married Elinor Mary Monsell. 1
son, 2 daughters: 1. Sir Robert
Vere, 2. Ursula Francis Elinor, 3. Nicola Mary Elizabeth. |
1941 |
Although best known as a writer
on golf D also wrote
the introduction to the excellent Oxford dictionary of quotations,
1941. |
1955 |
Autobiography The world
Fred made 1955, Chatto & Windus.
Fred was a gardener at Down House. |
19? |
Francis D The story of a
childhood,
19?, privately printed. Contains extracts from letters from FD to Mrs
Ruck, née Mary Anne Matthews, his mother-in-law, about BRMD, from birth
to age 15. They were given back to FD on Mrs R's death, she died in her
late 80s. |
[page] 71
|
|
Darwin,
"Bessy", see
Elizabeth D [VI]. |
Darwin,
"Body",
see Henrietta Emma D. |
Darwin,
"Boofy",
see Ruth Francis D. |
Darwin,
"Budgy",
see Henrietta Emma D. |
Darwin,
Caroline Sarah, 1800 Sep. 14-1888 Jan. 5. |
|
Second child
of Robert Waring D. CD's sister. The only one of CD's siblings to
outlive
him. |
1837 |
Married Josiah Wedgwood [III]. |
1837 |
CD to William Darwin Fox "I
never saw a human being so fond of
little crying wretches (children) as she is"—W&W p. 228. |
Darwin,
Catherine, see Emily Catherine D. |
Darwin,
Charles, 1758 Sep. 3-1778 May 15. |
|
First child of
Erasmus D and Mary. Unmarried. CD's uncle and CD named after him.
Medical
student, died from a dissecting room wound at Edinburgh. |
1780 |
Author of Experiments
establishing a criterion between mucaginous and purulent matter,
Lichfield 1780, edited by his father. |
Darwin,
Sir Charles Galton, 1887 Dec. 9-1962
Dec. 31. |
|
Second child of Sir
George Howard D. CD's grandson. Physicist. DNB
WWH. |
1925 |
Married Katharine
Pember. 4 sons, 1 daughter. |
1922 |
FRS. |
1923-1936 |
Prof. Natural
Philosophy Edinburgh. |
1938-1949 |
Director National Physical
Laboratory. |
1927 |
D owned Down House when George
Buckston
Browne bought it in 1927. |
1942 |
KBE. |
Darwin,
Charles John Wharton, 1894 Dec. 12-1941
Dec. 26. |
|
Son of Charles
Waring D. Squadron Leader and Businessman. Head of senior
branch of the family. Of
Elston Hall, Notts. CD's remote cousin. |
1917 |
Married Sibyl Rose. |
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. |
|
Dates of birth, death,
marriage and names of children are given first, followed by a few
quotations to give some indication of CD's character. |
|
Other information
is then given under the following heads: |
|
Anniversaries. |
|
Appearance. |
|
Books by. |
|
Books, autobiographies. |
|
Books, bibliographies. |
|
Books, biographies. |
|
Books, dedicated by.
|
|
Books, dedicated to.
|
|
Books, fiction.
|
|
Books, statistics.
|
|
Death and funeral.
|
|
Degrees. |
|
Descendants.
|
|
Eponyms, including an anatomical
feature, animals,
institutions, monuments, places and
plants. |
|
Finance. |
|
Funeral. |
|
Ghost. |
|
Grave. |
|
Habits. |
|
Handwriting. |
|
Health. |
|
Homes. |
|
Iconography. |
|
Itinerary. |
|
Manuscripts. |
|
Medals. |
|
Order. |
|
Prize. |
|
Religion. |
|
Society Membership. |
|
Stamps. |
[page] 72
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued. |
1809 |
1809 Feb. 12 Sun.-1882 Apr. 19
Wed. about 4 pm. Naturalist. 5th child of Robert
Waring D. Born The Mount, Shrewsbury. Died Down House, Downe, Kent. |
1809 |
Other people born in same year:
Gladstone, Lincoln, Poe,
Fitzgerald, Wendell Holmes, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Monckton
Milnes—Leonard
Huxley p. 1. |
|
Nicknames: |
|
"Gas" (at Shrewsbury School). |
|
"Bobby", Erasmus A. D. called CD
Bobby at school and for a short time
afterwards. |
|
"Postillion", by Frances Mostyn
Owen; this absurd affair of "Postillion-Housemaid" relationship—Brent
pp. 62-3 and CCD I prints the
letters. |
|
"Dear old Philosopher" (by
officers on Beagle). |
|
"Flycatcher" (by all ranks on Beagle). |
|
"Babba" (by Bernard
Richard Meirion D in infancy). |
|
"F" (by ED in writing to
the children when they were grown up). |
|
When CD was born he had only one
grandparent living, Sarah Wedgwood, his
maternal grandmother, who was ED's paternal grandmother. She died when
CD was 5/6. |
|
His mother died when he was 7
and his father when he was
39. |
|
He had one brother and four
sisters,
one of whom, Caroline Sarah D,
outlived him. |
|
Of his ten children, three died
in
infancy or childhood, the
rest outliving him. |
|
He had four grandsons and five
granddaughters: two,
Bernard Richard Meirion D and Erasmus D [III], were born in his
lifetime. |
|
"I just remember him—a dullish
apathetic lad, giving no
token of his after-eminence"—F.
E. Gretton Memory's harkback through
half a century 1808-1858, London, Richard Bentley 1889, p. 33. |
1834 |
To Emily Catherine D, from E.
Falkland
I., "there is nothing like Geology; the pleasure of the first day's
partridge shooting or first day's hunting cannot be compared to finding
a fine group of fossil bones, which tell their story of former times
with almost a living tongue"—Darwin and the Beagle 96. |
1839 |
Jan. 29 married Emma Wedgwood,
by Rev. John Allen
Wedgwood at St Peter's Church, Maer, Staffordshire. |
|
6 sons, 4 daughters: 1. William
Erasmus,
2. Anne Elizabeth, 3. Mary Eleanor, 4. Henrietta Emma, 5. George
Howard, 6. Elizabeth, 7. Francis, 8. Leonard, 9. Horace, 10. Charles
Waring. |
1839 |
Jan. 29 "Uncle John [Wedgwood]
believes one
single turnip in a garden is enough to
spoil a bed of cauliflowers"—Species entry made by CD on wedding
day—Huxley
and Kettlewell p. 59. |
1839 |
FRS. |
1844 |
Aug. 29 CD to Horner, "I always
feel as if my books came half out of
Lyell's brain"—MLii 117. |
1856 |
CD to Thwaites, asking for
information, "When a beggar once begins to beg he never knows when to
stop"—Carroll
125. |
1857 |
JP. |
1859 |
CD's only recorded attendance on
the
Bench—LLii 225. |
1859 |
CD to Lyell, "It is a pity he
[Fitz-Roy] did not add his
theory of the extinction of Mastodon etc., from the door of
the Ark being made too small", about two letters to The Times
signed "Senex"—MLi 129. |
1860 |
Mar. CD to Leidy, "I have never
for a moment doubted, that though I cannot see
my errors, that much in my book [Origin] will be proved
erroneous"—Carroll 202. |
[page] 73
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued. |
1862 |
Dec. Hooker to B. H. Hodgson of
Darjeeling, "First naturalist in Europe. Indeed I question if he will
not be regarded as great as any that ever lived; his powers of
observation, memory and judgement seem prodigious, his industry
indefatigable and his sagacity in planning experiments, fertility of
resources and care in conducting them are unrivalled, and all this with
health so detestable that his life is a curse to him"—Allan 209. |
1863 |
CD to Hooker, "We are degenerate
descendants of old Josiah W., for we
have not a bit of pretty ware in the house"—LLiii 5. |
1863 |
CD to Gray, "the Times
is getting more detestable (but that is too weak a
word) [about slavery] than ever. My good wife wishes me to give it up,
but I tell her that is a pitch of heroism to which only a woman is
equal. To give up the 'Bloody Old Times' as Cobbett used to
call it, would be to give up meat, drink and air."—LLiii 11. |
1863 |
CD to
Hooker, "It is mere rubbish thinking at present of the origin of life;
one might as well think of the origin of matter"—LLiii 18. |
1863 |
CD to J. Scott, "Be sparing in
publishing theory. It makes people
doubt your observation"—MLii 323. |
1867 |
CD to Cannon Farrer,
"I...would leave classics to be learnt by those alone who have
sufficient zeal and high taste requisite for their appreciation"—MLii
441. |
1869 |
CD to
Bentham, "How detestable are Roman numerals! Why should not the
Presidents' addresses...be paged with Christian figures"—MLi 381. |
?1869 |
CD to Wallace, "It is an aweful
stretcher to believe that a
peacock's tail was thus formed; but, believing it, I believe in the
same principle somewhat modified applied to man"—MLii 90. |
1870 |
CD to
Fritz Müller, "I have not yet met a soul in England who does not
rejoice in the splendid triumph of Germany over France: it is a most
just retribution against that vainglorious war-liking nation"—MLii 92. |
1878 |
CD to G. A. Gaskell, "No words
can exaggerate the importance, in
my opinion, of our colonisation for the future history of the
world"—MLii 50. |
1881 |
CD to Romanes, he was, as a
magistrate, giving
orders daily to allow pigs to cross roads, at a time of swine fever. |
1881 |
Jun. 15 CD to Hooker, "So I must
look forward to
Down graveyard as the sweetest place on earth"—MLii 433. |
[page] 74
|
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued. |
|
|
|
|
ANNIVERSARIES: |
|
The following list
contains the
main dates which may
have been celebrated with pleasure, or remembered with pain, in CD's
immediate family circle, from his birth in 1809 up to ED's death in
1896. One does not get the
impression that CD's household was much given to celebrating
anniversaries. |
January |
3
|
Horace D, CD's son, married
1880. |
|
5
|
Caroline Sarah W, CD's sister,
died 1888. |
|
15
|
Susannah D, CD's mother, born
1765. |
|
29
|
CD and ED's wedding day 1839. |
February
|
2
|
Emily Catherine Langton, CD's
sister, died 1866. |
|
12
|
CD born, 1809. |
|
|
Charlotte Wedgwood, ED's sister,
married in this month. |
March
|
2
|
Anne Elizabeth D, CD's daughter,
born 1841. |
|
11
|
Josiah W, ED's brother, died
1880. |
|
30
|
Frances Crofts D, CD's
grand-daughter, born 1886. |
|
31
|
Elizabeth W, ED's mother died
1846. |
|
|
Henrietta Emma D, CD's
daughter, married 1871. |
April
|
7
|
Marianne D, CD's sister, born
1798. |
|
19
|
CD died 1882. |
|
22
|
Anne Elizabeth D, CD's daughter,
died 1851. |
May
|
2
|
ED born 1808. |
|
6
|
Robert Waring D, CD's father,
born 1766. |
|
10
|
Emily Catherine D, CD's sister,
born 1810. |
|
13
|
Horace D, CD's son, born 1851. |
June
|
1
|
Hensleigh W, ED's brother, died
1891. |
|
28
|
Charles Waring D, CD's son, died
1858. |
|
15
|
Susannah D, CD's mother, died
1817. |
|
8
|
Elizabeth D, CD's daughter, born
1847. |
|
9
|
George Howard D, CD's son, born
1845. |
|
11
|
Leonard D, CD's son, married
1882. |
|
12
|
Josiah W, ED's father, died
1843. |
|
18
|
Marianne Parker, CD's sister,
died 1858. |
|
22
|
George Howard D, CD's son,
married 1884. |
[page] 75
|
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, ANNIVERSARIES, continued. |
August
|
2
|
Ruth Frances D, CD's
granddaughter, born 1883. |
|
3
|
Susan Elizabeth D, CD's sister,
born 1803. |
|
16
|
Francis D, CD's son, born 1848. |
|
20
|
Frances W, ED's sister, died
1832. |
|
26
|
Erasmus Alvey D, CD's brother,
died 1881. |
|
|
Gwendolen Mary D, CD's
granddaughter, born 1885. |
September
|
7
|
Bernard Richard Meirion D, CD's
grandson, born 1876. |
|
14
|
Caroline Sarah D, CD's sister,
born 1800. |
|
|
ED moved into Down House,
without CD, 1842. |
|
17
|
CD moved into Down House 1842. |
|
23
|
Mary Eleanor D, CD's daughter,
born 1842. |
|
25
|
Henrietta Emma D, CD's daughter,
born 1843. |
October
|
1
|
Francis W, ED's sister, died
1888. |
|
2
|
Beagle reached Falmouth
and CD disembarked 1836. |
|
3
|
Susan Elizabeth D, CD's sister,
died 1866. |
|
16
|
Mary Eleanor D, CD's daughter,
died 1842. |
November
|
2
|
ED died 1896. |
|
7
|
Sarah Elizabeth W, ED's sister,
died 1880. |
|
11
|
CD proposed marriage to ED and
was accepted 1838. |
|
13
|
Robert Waring D, CD's father,
died 1848. |
December
|
6
|
Charles Waring D, CD's son, born
1856. |
|
7
|
Erasmus D, CD's grandson, born
1881. |
|
19
|
Charles Galton D, CD's grandson,
born 1887. |
|
22
|
Emma Nora D, CD's
grand-daughter, born 1885. |
|
27
|
Beagle sailed from
Devonport 1831. |
|
29
|
Erasmus Alvey D, CD's brother,
born 1804. |
[page] 76
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued. |
|
|
|
APPEARANCE: |
|
The only full description of
CD's physical appearance and
of his dress is in Chapter 3 of LLi, in Francis D's reminiscences of
his
father, but he omits much and only treats of CD in his later years. The
picture can be amplified from portraits. |
|
The only portrait in his
childhood
is the pastel by Rolinda Sharples, when he was about 7 years of age. |
|
In
early manhood, before he grew his beard, there are: |
|
a water colour by
George Richmond, when he was 31, |
|
the earliest photograph, with
his son
William Erasmus D, when he was 33,
|
|
the Ipswich engraving by Maguire
when he was 40, |
|
the chalk drawing by Samuel
Laurence when he was 44, |
|
and the Maull & Fox
photograph, probably taken when he was 45. |
|
After he grew his beard, there
are one bust and three oils taken from
life, as well as numerous photographs, but his beard was so copious
that his features were much obscured. |
|
He was about six feet tall,
sparely built with medium shoulders. In
Francis D's recollection he had a tendency to stoop which increased
with age; high forehead, much wrinkled in age, but his face otherwise
unlined; wide-set eyes, iris bluish-grey according to Francis D but
pale brown in the Richmond portrait; eyebrows very bushy in age; nose
straight; mouth small; chin neither prominent nor receding. |
|
All the
portraits show a very youthful face for his age, until he grew his
beard, from which time he looked unchangingly old. |
|
His hair and side
whiskers were light brown and the hairline started to recede before he
was 30; by 60 he had only a fringe of hair at the back. |
1832, 1834
|
He first grew a
beard, as did everyone else, when the Beagle left Montevideo
for the cold south, 1832 Nov., but they shaved when they returned to
temperate waters, 1834 Jul. CD to his sister Emily Catherine "With my
great beard"—LLi 254. |
1845 |
"Whilst we all wore our
untrimmed beards"—J. Researches, 209. |
1849 |
CD to Hooker, "Everyone tells me
that I look
quite blooming and beautiful; and most think that I am shamming, but
you have never been one of those"—LLi 111. |
1862-1863 |
CD finally grew beard and
moustache in 1862-1863; the beard
was copious and the moustache cut square across. |
1864 |
May 28 CD to
Gray, on sending a bearded photograph "Do I not look
venerable"—Darwin-Gray letters 54. |
1866 |
Apr. 28 ED to Henrietta Emma D
"He was obliged to name himself to almost all of them [people at a
Royal Society soirée], as his beard alters him so"—EDii 185. |
|
His
complexion was ruddy. |
|
His gait was springing and
he always walked with a stick which he banged on the ground. |
|
He used his hands a good
deal in conversation, although the crossed arms and legs shown in the
"Ape" cartoon were characteristic. |
|
His laugh was a "free and
sounding
peal"—LLi 111. |
|
The portraits show that CD's
dress was usually
conventional and that of a man of his position, but in later years it
became less so. He gave up wearing a tall hat even in London, wearing a
soft black one with a rounded crown in winter and a big straw in
summer. His clothes were dark and of a loose and easy fit. |
circa 1880 |
Outdoors he
wore a short cloak: the cloak and winter hat are well shown in the
Elliott & Fry photograph of circa 1880. |
|
Indoors, he normally wore a
shawl and "great loose cloth boots" over his indoor shoes—LLi 112. |
1880 |
Jan. his sons bought him a fur
coat. ED to Leonard D "He has begun
wearing it so constantly, that he is afraid it will soon be worn
out"—EDii 239. |
|
In latter years he wore, for reading or close experiments, spectacles or more often pince nez which are visible on a ribbon in some photographs and his hearing
was unimpaired. |
[page] 77
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued. |
|
|
|
BOOKS BY CD:
|
|
These and his publications in
serials, are entered in
the main sequence under brief titles. |
|
The following list gives full
titles of his main books in strict alphabetical order, except for first
articles, followed by the date of first appearance under that title and
any needed cross reference. |
|
Several of his books appeared
under more
than one title. |
|
Works printed from CD's
manuscripts since his death
have not been included, but will be found under the separate heading
"Manuscripts" and they are also present under abbreviated titles in the
main sequence. |
|
Works to which he contributed
only an article, preface,
or letter, have also not been included. |
|
CD wrote seventeen works in
twenty-one volumes, or fifteen if the three volumes of geology of the Beagle
are treated as one. They consist of more than 9,000 pages of text with
a further 170 pages of preliminary matter. If the papers in serials are
added, the total comes to well over 10,000 pages. This rough total does
not consider the increase, or rarely decrease, in the length of the
text in later editions, and represents about 230 pages a year for
forty-three years. |
1
|
The descent of man, and
selection in relation to sex,
2 vols, 1871 (F937). |
2
|
The different forms of
flowers on plants of the same
species, 1877 (F1277). |
3
|
The effects of cross and
self fertilisation in the
vegetable kingdom, 1876 (F1249). |
[page] 78
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, BOOKS BY CD, continued. |
4
|
Erasmus Darwin. Translated from the
German...with a
preliminary essay by Charles Darwin, 1879 (F1319). Text by E.
Krause, but CD's essay is longer. |
5
|
The expression of the emotions in man
and animals,
1872 (F1141). |
6
|
The formation of vegetable mould
through the action of
worms, with observations on their habits, 1881 (F1357). |
7
|
Geological observations on coral
reefs, volcanic islands,
and on South America, 1851 (F274). Combination volume of Nos 8, 9
and 27, from the same sheets. |
8
|
Geological observations on South
America, 1846
(F273). |
9
|
Geological observations on the
volcanic islands visited
during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of
the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope, 1844 (F272). |
10 |
Insectivorous plants, 1875
(F1217). |
11 |
Journal and remarks 1832-1836, 1839 (F10
part). Volume 3 of
No. 18, first issue of No. 12. |
12 |
Journal of researches into the
geology and natural
history of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle, 1839
(F11). |
13 |
Journal of researches into the
natural history and
geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
round the world, 1845 (F13). 2nd edition of No. 12. |
14 |
The life of Erasmus Darwin...Being an
introduction to
an essay on his scientific work, 1887 (F1321). 2nd edition of
No. 4, same text but new preliminaries. |
15 |
A monograph of the fossil Lepadidae,
or pedunculated
cirripedes, of Great Britain. A monograph of the fossil Balanidae and
Verrucidae of Great Britain, 2 vols, 1851, 1854[=1855] (F342). |
16 |
A monograph of the sub-class
Cirripedia, with figures of
all the species, 2 vols 1851, 1854 (F339). |
17 |
The movements and habits of climbing
plants, 1876
(F836). 2nd edition of No. 20. |
18 |
Narrative of the surveying voyages of
his Majesty's ships
Adventure, and Beagle, 3 vols and appendix to Vol. 2, 1839
(F10).
Edited by Robert Fitz-Roy. Vol. 3 is CD's volume, titled Journal and
remarks, =No. 11, 1st edition of No. 12. |
19 |
A naturalist's voyage. Journal of
researches etc.,
1879 (F34). An unchanged reprint of No. 13. |
20 |
On the movements and habits of
climbing plants, 1865
(F834). |
21 |
On the origin of species by means of
natural selection,
or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life,
1859 (F373). |
[page] 79
22 |
On the various
contrivances by which British and foreign
orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of
intercrossing, 1862 (F800). |
23 |
The origin of
species by means of natural selection, or
the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, 1872
(F391). 6th edition of No. 21. |
24 |
The power of
movement in plants, 1880 (F1325). |
25 |
Queries about
expression, [1867] (F871, 873). |
26 |
Questions about
the breeding of animals, [1839]
(F262). |
27 |
The structure
and distribution of coral reefs, 1842
(F271). |
28 |
The variation of
animals and plants under domestication,
2 vols, 1868 (F877). |
29 |
The various
contrivances by which orchids are fertilised
by insects, 1877 (F801). 2nd edition of No. 22. |
30 |
The voyage of
the Beagle, 1905 (F106). Unchanged
reprint of No. 13. |
31 |
The zoology of
the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle...during
the years 1832 to 1836, 5 parts, 1838-1842 (F8). Edited by CD. |
|
|
|
BOOKS, AUTOBIOGRAPHIES: |
1876 |
The original publication of CD's
autobiography is in LLi 26-107, but CD's description of his father,
which is in the mss, is printed in Chapter 1, 11-20, instead of in its
correct place. It was written in 1876, between May 28 and Aug. 3, with
some additions and alterations in 1878 and 1881. The mss is headed
"Recollections of the development of my mind and character". This
version was bowdlerised by Francis D after consultation with CD's other
children—"passages should occur which must have to be omitted". One
omitted passage, about CD's mother, was printed in MLi 30. |
1838 |
A further
autobiographical fragment of his first ten years, written in 1838, was
printed in MLi 1-5. |
1957 |
The first full transcription of
the original mss
appeared in Russian translation by S. L. Sobol' in 1957. |
1958 |
Nora Barlow's
version of it, which was independently transcribed, appeared in 1958,
with an important appendix. |
|
In 1974 de Beer edited an
edition of the
Barlow transcription, with slight modifications after the mss had been
re-examined by James Kinsley, in Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry
Huxley, autobiographies. This edition also contains the fragment
of 1838. |
[page] 80
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued. |
|
|
|
BOOKS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES: |
|
There is no full bibliographical
work even of the first editions of CD's books. |
1959
|
The origin of species
has been surveyed in great detail by Morse Peckham in his comparative
edition of 1959. He covers all English editions and issues up to 1890,
and his descriptions include paper, type and binding cases, as well as
summaries of John Murray's accounts. |
1964 |
H. D. Horblit, in the Grolier
Club
volume One hundred books famous in science, 1964, gives
another description of the 1st edition. |
1954 |
A full description of Living
Cirripedia is given in R. Curle, The Ray Society a
bibliographical history, 1954, 48-49. |
|
There are several handlists: |
1883 |
F. W. True, A darwinian
bibliography, Smithson. Misc. Coll.,
25:92-101. |
1887 |
J. P. Anderson, i-xxxi in G. T.
Bettany, Life of
Charles Darwin, a good list which also contains list of early
darwiniana and of reviews. |
1887 |
Frances D, LLiii, 362-372, not
so
useful as Anderson. |
1977 |
R. B. Freeman, The
works of Charles Darwin,
2nd edition. |
1977 |
P. H. Barrett, The
collected papers of Charles
Darwin, 2 vols, contains an almost complete collection of CD's
works in serials, with their references, and notes. |
|
|
|
BOOKS, BIOGRAPHIES, including
letters:
|
|
Biographies of CD are numerous
and include DNB.
Those listed here all contain general biographical matter as well as
considerations of his work and theories. Many more, which are concerned
with darwinism from the biological, ethical or sociological viewpoints,
contain some facts about his life, but usually nothing new: these have
been ignored. |
1887 |
The basic biography, on which
most of the others draw
strongly for facts, is Francis D's Life and letters, 3 vols,
1887. |
1903, 1904 |
This is supplemented by Francis
D and A. C. Seward, More
letters, 1903, and, largely for family matters, by H. E.
Litchfield, Emma Darwin, 1904. |
|
Much information has come to
light since these early books which was not available to their editors,
but no full scale biography containing it has appeared. The most
important will be found under the entries for Barlow, de Beer, Gruber
and Stecher. |
1882 |
Charles Darwin, memorial notices, Nature Series. 6
obituaries from Nature, Lond. |
1883 |
L. C. Miall, The life and work of Charles Darwin; a
lecture. |
1883 |
J. M. Winn, Darwin. |
1884 |
E. Woodall, Charles Darwin. |
1886 |
J. T. Cunningham, Charles Darwin; naturalist. |
1887 |
G. T. Bettany, Life of Charles Darwin. |
1887 |
Francis D, Life and letters of Charles Darwin, 3
vols. |
[page] 81
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, BOOKS, BIOGRAPHIES, continued. |
1891 |
C. F. Holder, Charles Darwin. His life and work. |
1892 |
Francis D, Charles Darwin. His life told in an
autobiographical chapter, and in a selected series of his published
letters. An abridged version of 1887, with some alterations and
additions. |
1894 |
Parkyn, Darwin his work and
influence. |
1903 |
Francis D. and A. C. Seward, More letters of Charles
Darwin, 2 vols. |
1904 |
H. E. Litchfield, Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin,
privately printed edition. 1915 Emma Darwin, published
edition. |
1909 |
E. B. Poulton, Charles Darwin and the Origin of species. |
1921 |
Leonard Huxley, Charles Darwin. |
1923 |
Karl Pearson, Charles Darwin, 1809-1882. Questions
of the day and of the fray, No. 12. |
1927 |
Henshaw Ward, Charles Darwin. The man and his warfare. |
1937 |
"Geoffrey West" [pseudonym of G. H. Wells], Charles
Darwin,
the fragmentary man. |
1950 |
P. B. Sears, Charles Darwin, the naturalist as a
cultural force. |
1955 |
William Irvine, Apes, Angels and Victorians. |
1955 |
Dorothy Laird, Charles Darwin. Naturalist. |
1959 |
Arthur Keith, Darwin revalued. |
1963 |
G. de Beer, Charles Darwin, evolution by natural
selection. |
1966 |
Julian Huxley and H. B. D. Kettlewell, Darwin and his
world. |
1970 |
P. J. Vorzimmer, Charles Darwin: the years of controversy. |
1970 |
Marshall, A. J., Darwin and
Huxley in Australia. |
1973 |
Hull, D. L., Darwin and his
critics.
|
1977 |
Mea Allan, Darwin and his flowers. The key to natural
selection. |
1981 |
Brent, Peter, Charles
Darwin: a man of enlarged curiosity. |
1981 |
Parodiz, J. J., Darwin in
the New World. |
1982 |
George, Wilma, Darwin. |
1982 |
Howard, Jonathan, Darwin.
|
1985 |
Clark, R. W., The survival
of Darwin. |
1985- |
Burkhardt, F. and Smith,
S., Editors, The correspondence of Charles
Darwin.
|
1985 |
Burkhardt, F. and Smith, S.,
Editors, A calendar of the correspondence. |
|
|
|
BOOKS, DEDICATED BY CD:
|
1845 |
Journal of researches,
2nd ed. 1845 and later to Charles
Lyell. |
1877 |
Forms of flowers, 1877
to Asa Gray. |
|
|
|
BOOKS, DEDICATED TO CD: |
1854 |
Hooker, J. D., Himalayan
journals, 2 vols, 1854. |
1861 |
Grant, R. E., Tabular view
of the primary divisions of the animal
kingdom, 1861. |
1879 |
Moseley, H. N., Notes of a
naturalist on the "Challenger",
1879. |
|
Wallace, A. R., Malay
archipelago |
1870 |
Orton, James, The Andes and
the Amazon; or across the continent
of South America, 1870. |
1877 |
Ludwig, R. A. B. A., Fossile
Crocodiliden, 1877. |
1881 |
Wise, J. R.de C., The first
of May, a fairy masque, 1881. |
|
|
|
BOOKS, FICTION:
|
1867 |
Waugh, Edwin, Benjamin Brierley
et al. The Lancashire wedding
or Darwin moralized, 1867 (a play). |
1936 |
Baker, Ethel Winifred, Miss
Ann Green of Clifton, 1936 (a
novel). |
1980 |
Stone, Irving, The Origin:
a biographical novel of Charles Darwin,
1980. |
1982 |
Ward, Peter, The adventures
of Charles Darwin: a story of the
Beagle voyage, 1982 (an illustrated children's story). |
|
|
|
BOOKS, STATISTICS:
|
|
CD reckoned that he had made
£10,248 from his
books by the end of 1881. |
|
His Murrays totalled 94,000
copies sold at
the time of his death, of which 15,000 were Journal of researches
in which he had no copyright. |
|
He made about 2s 6d per
copy
sold
excluding Journal.
|
|
|
|
DEATH AND FUNERAL: |
|
The
first coffin "all rough, just as it left the bench, no polish, no
nothing, just as he wanted it"—John Lewis q.v, the village carpenter
at Downe, for two years a page at Down House. Lewis put CD into it, but
CD
was transferred to a white oak one in which he was buried. The plain
one was sold to "a young chap that kept a beerhouse out at
Farnborough". I gathered that the coffin is still in the "beerhouse".
"Darwin laid in that coffin thirty-one and a half hours exactly. I put
him in myself"—Zoologist 1909 p. 120, from Evening News
1909, Feb. 12—see also S.
Maxwell Just beyond London
1927 pp. 105-6. Maxwell relates a tale of an old man of 87 who had
helped to
put CD into the first coffin and transferring him to the second by
"fitful moonlight". The beerhouse was The New Inn, Rocks Bottom,
Farnborough; not seen since 1925—Colp, J. Hist. Med.
35:59-63,
1980. |
1882 |
CD was the first and only
naturalist to be buried
in Westminster Abbey. |
Apr. 21 |
Letter to the Dean, G. G.
Bradley, on House of
Commons paper—"Very Rev. Sir, We hope you will not think we are
taking
a liberty if we venture to suggest that it would be acceptable to a
very large number of our countrymen of all classes and opinions that
our illustrious countryman Mr. Darwin should be buried in Westminster
Abbey, We remain your obedient servants", signed by Lubbock and
nineteen other MPs. |
|
The Dean was abroad and replied
by telegram "Oui
sans aucune hésitation regrette mon absence". |
Apr. 25
|
Mon., pm. CD's body was carried
from Down House,
in a hearse drawn by four black horses, accompanied by Francis, Leonard
and Horace D. Vigil in St Faith's Chapel, where they were joined by
William and George D. The undertakers were T. & W. Banting—The
Times, Apr. 26. |
Apr. 26 |
Wednesday at noon, the mourners
invited
for 11 am. |
|
Service conducted by
Canon George Prothero, Senior Canon. |
|
Pallbearers, to left of body,
Lubbock, Huxley, J. R. Lowell (as American Ambassador), Duke
of Devonshire (as Chancellor of Cambridge), Wallace, to right of body,
Canon Farrar (Rector of St Margaret's Westminster), Hooker, W.
Spottiswoode (as President
of Royal Society), Earl of Derby, Duke of Argyll. |
|
Chief Mourner William Erasmus D,
followed by thirty-one relatives,
including all surviving children, servants Parslow and Jackson at
rear followed by representatives of scientific bodies. |
|
ED not present. |
|
Queen Victoria in
Council was represented by Earl Spencer, the
President. |
|
Ambassadors of France, Germany,
Italy, Russia and Spain
were present. |
|
There is a printed list of
mourners, one copy of which is
marked by George Howard D "very erroneous". |
|
There are manuscript lists
by George Howard D at Cambridge including one of "Personal Friends
invited" with 108 names "and other old servants and inhabitants of
Down". |
|
Anthem specially composed by Sir
Frederick Bridge "Happy is the
man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth
understanding"—Proverbs iii 13, 15-16 omitting 14. |
May 1 |
Memorial Service:
Westminster
Abbey, sermon by Harvey Goodwin, Bishop of Carlisle. The Archbishop of
Canterbury, A. C. Tait, had withdrawn at short notice—H. D.
Rawnsley, Harvey Goodwin, 223-225, 1896. |
1915 |
Nov. 1. Memorial to Wallace
placed next to that for CD, Westminster Abbey.
|
|
|
|
|
DEGREES: |
1831 |
Cambridge |
Apr. 26 B. A., 10th in list of
candidates who did not
seek
honours. |
1837 |
Cambridge |
MA. |
1862 |
Breslau |
Hon.D.Med.and Chirurg. |
1868 |
Bonn |
Hon.D.Med.and Chirurg. |
[1870 |
Oxford |
Jun. 17, CD declined Hon.DCL, on grounds of ill health.] |
1875 |
Leyden |
Hon.MD. |
1877 |
Cambridge |
Nov. 17, Hon. LL.D. |
|
|
|
DESCENDANTS:
|
|
CD had
25 great-grandchildren—Erasmus Darwin Barlow, Zoo
Newsletter Autumn 1980, on his appointment as Secretary of Zoo
p. 1.
Those that were known in 1978 are listed here in order of their parents
seniority: |
1. |
Gwendolen
Mary, daughter of Sir George, married J. Raverat, had at
least 2
daughters. |
|
|
One
daughter Sophie was in 1980 Mrs Gurney, previously Pryor. |
|
|
There was also at
least one great-great-grandchild Anne, who was 5 before 1952. |
2. |
Sir
Charles Galton D, had 4 sons 1 daughter. |
|
|
George Pember D is eldest and
head of family. |
|
|
Henry Galton D, 1929-, married
Jane Sophie Christie, 3 daughters. WH. |
|
|
Francis William D, of Kings
Coll. London, zoologist. |
3. |
Margaret
Elizabeth, 1890-1974, married 1917 Sir Geoffrey Langdon Keynes
1887-1982, FBA 1981, 4 sons: |
|
1. |
Richard Darwin K, 1919- , FRS
1959, married 1945 Hon. Anne Pinsent Adrian. 4 sons
(1 deceased by 1979). |
|
2 or 3 |
Quentin. |
|
3 or 2 |
Dr Milo. |
|
4 |
Stephen John, 1927- , married
1955 Mary Knatchbull-Hugesson. 3 sons, 2 daughters. WH. |
4. |
William
Robert, son of Sir George, married 1894 Monica Slingsby. 2
sons, 1 daughter. |
5. |
Bernard
Richard Meirion, son of Sir Francis by 1st marriage. 1 son, 2
daughters: |
|
1. |
Sir Robert Vere, twice
married, s.p. |
|
2. |
Ursula Frances Elinor, no
further information. |
|
3. |
Nicola Mary Elizabeth. |
6. |
Frances
Crofts, poet, daughter of Sir Francis by second marriage,
married
Francis
Macdonald Cornford, 1874-1943. 3 sons, 2 daughters. |
|
|
One of whom was Francis
Cornford,
poet. |
7. |
Ruth
Frances, married W. Rees Thomas, s.p. |
8. |
Emma
Nora, married 1911 Sir James Allen Noel Barlow, Bart. 4 sons, 1
daughter: |
|
1. |
Sir Thomas Erasmus, 1914- , RN
retd, DSC, DL, 3rd Bart 1968, married 1955
Isabel Body. 2 sons, 2 daughters: |
|
|
1. James Alan, 1956- |
|
|
2. Monica Ann, 1958- |
|
|
3. Philip Thomas, 1960- |
|
|
4. Teresa Mary, 1963- |
|
2. |
Erasmus Darwin, 1915- ,
physician, psychiatrist, married 1938 Brigit Ursula Hope Black. 1 son,
2 daughters: |
|
|
1. Thomas Jeremy Erasmus, 1939-
, married 1962 Jane Hollowood. 1 son: |
|
|
1. Josiah Bernard,
1973- . |
|
|
2. Camilla Ruth, 1942- , married
1 1965 diss. 1973 Martin Christopher
Mitchelson 1 son: |
|
|
1. Luke Thomas,
1966- . |
|
|
married 2 1974 Stuart Anthony
Whitworth-Jones. 1 daughter: |
|
|
1. Eleanor Gwen
1975- . |
|
|
3. Gillian Phyllida, 1944 (4
Apr.)- , married Fabian Peake, has children. |
|
3. |
Andrew Dalmahoy, 1916- , married
Yvonne Tanner. 1 son, 1 daughter: |
|
|
1. Martin Thomas, 1953- |
|
|
2. Claire, 1954. |
|
4. |
Hilda Horatia, 1919- , married
1944 John Hunter Padel. 3 sons, 2 daughters: |
|
|
1. Ruth Sophia, 1946- |
|
|
2. Oliver James, 1948- |
|
|
3. Nicola Mary, 1951- |
|
|
4. Felix John, 1955- |
|
|
5. Adam Frederick, 1958-. |
|
5. |
Horace Basil 1921- , FRS 1969,
married 1954 Ruthala Chattie Salaman,
diss. 4 daughters: |
|
|
1. Rebecca Nora, 1956- |
|
|
2. Natasha Helen, 1958- |
|
|
3. Naomi Jane, 1963- |
|
|
4. Emily Anne, 1967- |
|
|
|
|
EPONYMS: |
|
Gathered
under this heading are an anatomical feature, animals,
institutions, monuments, places and
plants in which "Darwin" referring to CD occurs. In most, the
association is
obvious and the great majority relate to the Beagle voyage.
In a few, particularly amongst the place names, the connection is
obscure and may not relate to CD. The plant genus Darwinia
relates to Erasmus D [I]
q.v. There are doubtless many street names, of which there are five in
London alone; these have been ignored.
|
|
|
|
|
Anatomical
feature: |
|
Tubercle,
= Tuberculum Darwini = Darwin's peak; a cartilaginous
prominence on fold of pinna of human ear in some—Jessie Dobson
2ed. 1962 p. 52. |
[page] 82
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS, continued. |
|
|
|
Animals
named after; the orthography of the specific names has been modernized: |
|
Agonum darwini Van
Dyke, a ground beetle. |
|
Alleloplasis darwini
Waterhouse, a bug of the family
Derbidae. |
|
Amblyomma
darwini Hurst and
Hurst 1910, an ixodid tick from St Paul's Rocks, also through some
confusion from Galapagos Is; first from unnamed bird, second from
marine iguana; only known from CD's specimens. |
|
Amphisbaena darwini
Duméril and Bibron, a legless lizard. |
|
Astarte darwini Forbes,
a bivalve mollusc. |
|
Attus darwini White, a
jumping spider. |
|
Bulimus darwini
Pfeiffer, a land snail. |
|
Callimicra darwini
Hespenheide 1980, a buprestid beetle,
the
unique specimen was collected by CD at Bahia, Brazil. |
|
Calosoma darwinia van
Dyke, a ground beetle. |
|
Carabus darwini Hope, a
ground beetle. |
|
Chthamalus darwini
Bosquet, a fossil barnacle from the
Chalk. |
|
Coenonympha darwiniana
Staudinger 1871, a pearly heath,
Satyridae, European Alps. |
|
Colymbetes darwini
Babington, a water beetle. |
|
Cossyphus darwini
Jenyns, a wrasse. |
|
Crocodilus darwini
Ludwig, a tertiary fossil crocodile. |
|
Cubinia darwini Gray, a
gecko. |
|
Cyrtophium darwini Bate
1860, an amphipod crustacean = Platophium darwini
(Bate) = Podocerus variegatus Leach. |
|
Darwin's finches; the sub-family
Geospizinae, family Fringillidae,
Galapagos Islands; coined by Robert T. Orr, 1942 Bull. N.Y. Zool.
Soc.
45:42-45; used by David Lack, 1944 Proc.
Zool.
Soc. Lond.,
pt. 5, No. 53 and
title of his book 1947; almost all the Beagle specimens were
collected by others, not by CD. |
|
Darwin's rail, Coturnicops
notata, Rallidae, Guyana to southern Argentine. |
|
Darwin's rhea, Pterocnemia
pennata, Argentine, Chile,
Patagonia. |
|
Darwin's tanager, Thraupis
bonariensis darwini, Ecuador to northern
Chile. |
|
Darwinea Bate 1856,
ampipod crustacean, nom. nud. = Darwinia
Bate 1857. |
|
Darwinella J. F. T.
Muller 1865, horny sponges. Fritz Müller. Schultz's Arkiv für Mikr.
Anat. vol. 1, p. 344. (Sponge). |
|
Darwinella G. S. Brady
and Robertson, D., Ann. & Mag.
N. H. ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 50. Nom.
nov. for Polycheles
Brady and Robertson
1870, non Heller, 1862.
(Origin of name not stated, but with little doubt Charles D.). 1872,
ostracod
crustaceans for Polycheles Brady and Robertson 1870 nec
Heller
1862
= Darwinula T. R. Jones. |
|
Darwinella Enderlein
1912, tenebrionid beetles. K.
Svensk. Vetensakad. Handl. (n.s.) 48, no. 3, p. 14. (Coleoptera). |
|
Darwinhydrus Sharp
1882, dytiscid water beetles. Trans.
Roy. Dublin Soc. (ser. 2) vol. 2, p. 373. (Coleoptera). |
|
Darwinia C. S. Bate
1857, gammarid amphipod crustaceans. Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 2) vol. 19, p. 141. (Crustacea: Darwinea
Bate 1856, nom. nud). Origin of name not
stated. |
|
Darwinia Dybowski,
1873. Arch. Naturk. Liv-, Ehst- und
Kuhl. Dorpat (I), vol. 5, p. 336, 404. (Coelenterate). 1874,
fossil anthozoan coelenterates. |
|
Darwinia Pereyaslawzew
1880, turbellarian flatworms. 1880 in
Brandt, Zool. Anz. 3 (no. 53)
p. 186 nom. nud.: 1892 Sapiski Nowoross Obschtsch.
vol. 17
(3), p. 230 + iv. (Turbellarian). |
|
Darwinia Schultze 1865,
fossil sponges. Verh. Ver. Rheinlande
vol. 22, S.B., p. 7. (Sponge). |
Darwinius masillae, a primate-like fossil species of the genus Adapiformes. |
|
|
Darwinomyia J. R.
Malloch 1922, muscid dipterans. Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 9) vol. 9, p. 277 (Diptera) "a striking
genus" partly based on material collected by CD at Port Famine and at
Valparaiso. |
|
Darwinornis Moreno and
Mercerat, fossil birds. 1891. Ann.
Mus. La Plata (Pal. Argent. 1), p. 60. (Bird). |
|
Darwinornithidae Moreno and
Mercerat, family of fossil birds for Darwinornis,
Order Stereornithes. |
|
Darwinula T. R. Jones
1885, ostracod crustaceans, mostly
Pleistocene fossils, one living species D. stevensoni, no
males known,
for Darwinella Brady and Robertson 1872 nec
Müller
1865. Q. J. Geol. Soc. vol.
41, p. 346, 1885, Nom. nov.
for Darwinella B. + R. non Müller, F, 1865.
(Ostracod). |
|
Darwinulidae Brady and Norman
1889, ostracod crustaceans, mostly
Pleistocene; Darwinellidae Brady, Crosskey and Robertson 1874 is a
synonym. |
|
Diplolaemus darwini
Bell, an iguana. |
|
Docema darwini
Mutchler, a beetle of the family
Hydrophilidae. |
|
Dorcus darwini Hope, a
stag beetle. |
|
Felis darwini Martin=F.
yaguarundi
Desmarest. Jaguarondi or eyra, a race of Felis
(Herpailurus) yagouaroundi, South America to Texas. |
|
Fissurella darwini
Reeve, a keyhole limpet. |
|
Foenus darwini
Westwood, an ichneumonid wasp. |
|
Galapagodacnum darwini
Blair, a plant beetle of the family
Chrysomelidae. |
|
Geochelone
darwini (Van Denburgh), a giant tortoise, James Island,
Galapagos = Testudo darwini. |
|
Gryphaea darwini
Forbes in d'Orbigny, a fossil oyster = Ostraea darwini. |
|
Herpailurus darwini
(Martin) = Felis darwini, a
race
of F. yagouaroundi. |
|
Hesperomys darwini
Wagner in Schreber, a cricetine rodent. |
|
Hydroporus darwini
Babington, a water beetle. |
|
Idiocephalus darwini
Saunders, a chrysomelid beetle. |
|
Labidocera darwini
Lubbock 1853, a calanid copepod
crustacean; Sir John Lubbock's first paper in Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist.
Jan; CD lent material. |
|
Leiolaemus darwini
(Bell) Gray, an iguana. |
|
Mactra darwini Sowerby
in CD, a bivalve mollusc. |
|
Mastotermes darwinianus
Froggatt, a primitive termite, named
after Port Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. |
|
Migadops darwini
Waterhouse, a carabid beetle. |
|
Monophora darwini
Agassiz, a fossil sea urchin. |
|
Mus (Phyllotis) darwini
Waterhouse, a cricetine rodent. |
|
Mylodon darwini Owen, a
fossil giant sloth. South America. |
|
Mytilus darwinianus
d'Orbigny, a fossil mussel. |
|
Nesoryzomys darwini
Osgood 1929, a cricetine rodent,
Academy
Bay, Indefatigable Is, Galapagos, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 17:23. |
|
Nothura darwini, a
tinamou from South America; is the only bird
name of Darwin given as valid in Gruson 1976 A checklist of the
birds
of the world, according to Wilma George J. Soc. Biblphy
Nat. Hist
9:508, 1980. |
|
Nyctelia darwini
Waterhouse, a heteromeran beetle. |
|
Odontoscelis darwini
Waterhouse, a pentatomid bug. |
|
Ostraea darwini Forbes
in d'Orbigny, as Gryphaea,
a fossil oyster. |
|
Ovis darwini Przewalski
1883, a subspecies of O. ammon
L., an argali with fine horns, northern China and central Mongolia. |
[page] 83
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS, Animals, continued. |
|
Pecten darwinianus
d'Orbigny, a scallop. |
|
Pholas darwini Sowerby,
a piddock bivalve mollusc. |
|
Phyllodactylus darwini,
a gecko, Galapagos. |
|
Phyllotis darwini
Waterhouse 1837, a pericote or leaf-eared
mouse, a cricetine rodent from South America, type of the genus. |
|
Platophium darwini
(Bate 1860), an amphipod crustacean = Cyrtophium
darwini Bate 1860 = Podocerus variegatus Leach. |
|
Pleurodema darwini
Bell, a tree-frog. |
|
Polycladus darwini
Diesing, a flatworm. |
|
Proctotretus darwini
Bell, an iguanid lizard. |
|
Pterocnemia darwini
(Gould 1837), Darwin's rhea, junior
synonym for P. pennata (d'Orbigny 1834). |
|
Rhea darwini Gould, the
southern rhea. |
|
Rhinoderma darwini
Duméril and Bibron, a dwarf frog. |
|
Sclerostomus darwini
Burmeister. |
|
Spirifer darwini Morris
in Strzelecki, a fossil brachiopod. |
|
Tanagra darwini Gould,
Darwin's tanager. |
|
Taraguira darwini Gray,
an iguana. |
|
Testudo darwini Van
Denburgh = Geochelone darwini, a
giant tortoise, Galapagos Is, James I. |
|
Thraupis bonariensis darwini
(Gould),
Darwin's
tanager, blue and yellow tanager; Tanagra darwini is a junior
synonym. |
|
Turbonilla darwiniensis
Laseron, small turk's head
gastropod. |
|
|
|
Institutions:
|
1964 |
Darwin College, Cambridge: 1964
Jul. 28 founded for postgraduate and
postdoctorate students. First buildings were conversions of Newnham
Grange and the Old Granary, home of Sir George Howard D. |
1931 |
"Darwin College". Occurs with
"Huxley
College" in Marx Brothers film Monkey
business 1931. |
1970 |
Darwin College, University of
Kent, at
Canterbury; a student residence
opened 1970. |
1959 |
Darwin Foundation. A USA
organization, founded 1959, which runs the
Darwin Research Station, see Galapagos. |
1964 |
"Darwin Institut (institutea)",
of
"Heieiei" (German), "Hy-yi-yi" (English), an
imaginary country, destroyed Oct. 1957, in "Harald Stumpke" Bau
und
Leben der Rhinogradentia, Stuttgart 1964; "Stumpke" is pseudonym
for
Gerolf Steiner, Heidelberg Univ. |
1960 |
Darwin Lecture, in human
biology, under
the auspices of Eugenics Society
and Institute of Biology, London; annually 1960- . |
1906
|
Darwin-Wallace Medal, Linnean
Society of London, first struck 1906,
designed by Frank Bowcher. 1908, to Wallace,
Hooker, Haeckel, Weismann, Strasburger, F. Galton, Ray Lankester, in
that order. |
1890 |
Darwin Medal, Royal Society;
first struck 1890. Effigy reduced from
a medallion by Allen Wyon. First awarded 1890, "in the field in
which Charles Darwin himself laboured". Biennial with British or
foreign recipients. Awarded to Wallace 1890, Hooker 1892, Huxley
1894. In 1885 the Committee of the
International Fund transferred to the Society the balance of the fund
in trust—Yearbook 1968. |
1882 |
Darwin Memorial Fund: Committee
set up 1882 May 16, with W.
Spottiswoode PRS in Chair. 1883 Huxley took over the Chair as PRS on
S's death. 1888 Printed Report, 12 pp, Spottiswoode, London,
lists about 700 subscribers; £5,128 raised; £2,100 paid to Boehm for a
statue at British Museum (Natural History), and a further £150 for the
relief in Westminster Abbey; £9.0.6 paid to Whymper for a woodcut of a
bust which illustrates Report. £2,608.8.8 remained, after
expenses, some of which, although the Report does not refer
to it, went to funding the Darwin medal. |
1907 |
Darwin Museum, Moscow, founded
1907. |
|
Darwin Press, Princeton, New
Jersey. |
|
Darwin Publications, Sherman
Oaks,
Calif. |
|
Darwin Publishing Company,
Detroit,
Michigan. |
|
Darwin Regatta, held each year
at
Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia;
the craft being built of empty beer cans. |
|
Darwin School. The village
school is
called after CD. |
|
Darwin Shipping Company Ltd.
Owners of
R.M.V. Darwin q.v. |
[page] 84
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS continued. |
|
|
|
Monuments:
|
1949 |
Bathurst, N.S.W. Erected 1949 to
commemorate CD's visit 1836. |
|
Cambridge, Christ's College;
green wedgwood plaque by Thomas Woolner in
CD's set; another copy at American Philosophical Society. |
|
Cambridge, lodgings 1828 at W.
Bacon, Sydney St, rebuilt as branch of
Boots the Chemist, plaque CHARLES DARWIN / LIVED IN A HOUSE / ON THIS
SITE / 1828. |
1887 |
London, Westminster Abbey,
plaque by Sir Joseph Boehm 1887; memorial
to A. R. Wallace placed next to it 1915 Nov. 1. |
1904, 1961 |
London, 110 Gower St, G.L.C.,
blue plaque erected 1904 Dec. 13
CHARLES DARWIN / NATURALIST / LIVED HERE / 1838-1842, first date was
wrong,
should be 1839. Present plaque, on Biological Sciences Building (1982
changed to Darwin Building), University College London, erected 1961
perpetuates error. |
1981 |
Darwin, Inyo Co., Calif, bronze
plaque erected 1981 Oct. 10 in
memory of the naming circa 1875, and of Erasmus Darwin French. |
|
Downe Church, Kent, vertical
sundial in south wall of tower with
inscription below. |
1888 |
Edinburgh, 11 Lothian St, tablet
erected 1888, now vanished. Site
now part of a student recreation centre. |
1935 |
Galapagos Islands, Wreck Bay,
Chatham, erected 1935; inscription by
Leonard D "Charles Darwin landed on the Galapagos Islands in 1835 and
his studies on the distribution of animals and plants thereon led him
for the first time to consider the problem of organic evolution. Thus
was started the revolution in thought on this subject which has since
taken place". |
1936
|
Darwin Tree. English oak planted
at Wentworth Falls, NSW, Australia, in 1936 to commemorate CD's visit
there 1836 Jan. 17.
|
|
|
|
Places: |
|
Darwin Bar, Queen's Head public
house,
Downe, Kent, has a CD bar. |
|
Darwin Bay, coast of Chonos
Archipelago, Aysen Province, Chile. |
|
Darwin Bay, southwest side of
Tower Is, Galapagos Is. |
|
Darwin Bend, a bend in the
Tasman
glacier, New Zealand, where it goes round
Mount Darwin. |
1913 |
Darwin Building, Bedford College
for
Women, London University, at its site
in Regents Park, built 1913. Destroyed by enemy action 1941. Named for
Sir
Leonard D, Chairman of the Council 1913-1920. |
1982 |
Darwin Building, University
College
London, Biological Sciences block,
renamed 1982, see Darwin Lecture theatre. |
|
Darwin Canyon, see
Mount,
King's Canyon National Park, Calif. |
|
Darwin Canyon, see
Town,
Calif. |
|
Cerro Darwin, see
Mountain,
Albemarle Is, Galapagos. |
|
Darwin Channel, leading to Port
Aysen,
Chile. |
|
Darwin Cordilleras, see
Mountains. |
|
Darwin Creek, see
Mount,
King's Canyon National Park, Calif. |
|
Darwin District, Rhodesia, named
after
the mountain. |
|
Darwin Falls, see
Town, Calif.
|
|
Darwin Glacier, New Zealand,
flows from
Mount Darwin into Tasman glacier. |
|
Darwin Glacier, see
Mount,
Kings Canyon National Park, Calif. |
|
Darwin Glass, occurs abundantly
at
Mount D, Tasmania. ? of meteoric origin. |
|
Darwin Harbour, Choiseul Sound,
East
Falkland Is. |
|
Darwin Island, official
Ecuadorian name
of Culpepper Is., most northerly of Galapagos group. |
1911 |
Darwin Laboratories, three at
Shrewsbury
School. Opened by Sir
Francis D, 1911 Oct. 20. |
1982 |
Darwin Lecture theatre,
University
College London. Botany theatre renamed
by Richard Darwin Keynes 1982, Apr. 19; on site of No. 12 Upper Gower
St. |
|
Darwin Mountain, Antarctica,
84.55 S, 160.58 E, above Beardmore Glacier, Ross
Dependency. |
1895 |
Darwin Mountain, California,
King's
Canyon National Park; named 1895;
highest peak is D; others are Huxley, Spencer, Wallace, Haeckel, John
Fiske, named by T. S. Solomons; 1913 Lamarck added; 1942 Mendel added;
also Darwin Canyon, Creek and Glacier in same area. |
|
Mountain, Isla Grande, Tierra
del Fuego, Chile, west of Ushuaia on
Beagle Channel. 1834 CD to Emily Catherine D, "Mount Sarmiento, the
highest mountain in the south, excepting!! Darwin!!"—MLi 252. But not
so, Sarmiento is the higher. |
|
Darwin Mountain, Moon. Midway
between
Mare Orientale and Mare Humorum. |
|
Darwin Mountain, New Zealand,
South
Island. 18 km northeast of Mount Cook.
2561 m. Named by J. F. J. von Haast. See
also Glacier. |
|
Darwin Mountain, Peru. |
|
Darwin Mountain, Rhodesia; the
district
is named after the mountain. |
|
Darwin Mountains,
Magallanes-Patagonia
provinces, Chile/Argentina, contain
Mounts Fitz-Roy and Stokes. Also called Darwin Cordilleras. |
|
Port Darwin, Northern Territory,
Australia, named on 3rd voyage of Beagle.
Town named later.
|
|
Darwin Sound, Tierra del Fuego,
Chile,
continuing northwest arm of Beagle Channel. |
|
Darwin Spring, see
town,
Calif.
|
|
Darwin Street, Shrewsbury,
Shropshire;
"a short street of new houses near
St George's church has been called 'Darwin Street'; as yet the only
public
recognition of the greatest of Salopians"—Woodall p. 12, 1884; there
are many other streets and roads in Great Britain so called; these have
been omitted. |
|
Darwin Town, Choiseul Sound,
East
Falkland Is. |
1875 |
Darwin Town, Inyo County, Sierra
Nevada, California, USA. Now a ghost town. Resident population about
40. Originally called New Coso. Renamed 1875 by Erasmus Darwin
French
q.v. Also spring, canyon, falls, wash named by F. Spring does not now
exist. Falls are at end of canyon and fall into wash—W. Storrs Lee Great
Californian deserts 1963, Erwin G. Gudde California place
names
2ed 1969. |
|
Darwin Town, Port Darwin,
Northern Territory, Australia. Named from Port Darwin. Now Darwin City,
capital of the Northern Territory.
|
1960s |
The
Darwin, vessel, barque, copper ore
carrier. Registered and based on Swansea,
late 1960s. Probably had wooden figurehead by a Mr Thomas. |
1958-1973 |
The
Darwin, vessel, Royal Mail Vessel plied
between Port Stanley,
Falkland Is and Buenos Aires, Monte Video. Registered Port Stanley.
Overall length 235, gross tonnage 1793. 1958-1963 Falkland Islands
Trading Co. Ltd, 1963-1973 Darwin Shipping Co. Ltd. 1973 name changed
to Christoa
K, registered
Piraeus. |
1984 |
The
Darwin, vessel, Royal Research Ship. OL
69. 4 m, GT 1975, DT 2370. Complement
21 crew, 18 scientists. Belongs N.E.R.C. for geological research.
Launched Appledore 1984 Feb. 22 by Prince of Wales. Stationed Barry.
First cruise 1985 Aug. Replaced R.R.S.
Shackleton—New Scientist
Feb. 23 pp. 38-41 1984. |
|
Darwin Village, Uraguay, on
river
Beguelo,
a tributary of Rio Negro, near Cerro
Perico Flaco where CD collected fossils 1833. |
|
Darwin Volcano, see
Mount. |
|
Darwin Wash, see Town,
Calif.
|
|
|
|
Plants: |
|
The following list is based on
B. D. Jackson, Darwiniana,
1910, with additions and altered orthography: |
|
Abutilon darwini
Tweedie, Malvaceae, Brazil. "Named by John
Tweedie to whom Darwin was a hero"—Allan 286.
|
|
Asterina darwini
Berkeley, Fungi, Chiloe, Chile. |
|
Asterolampa darwini
Greville=Asteromphalus darwini. |
|
Asteromphalus darwini
Ehrenberg, Algae, Antarctica. |
|
Aulacodiscus darwini
Pantocsek, Algae (Diatom), fossil
Russia. |
|
Baccharis darwini
Henslow, Compositae, Patagonia, Argentine. |
|
Berberis darwini W. J.
Hooker, Berberidaceae, Chiloe,
Chile, now a garden plant. |
|
Bonatia darwini Weale=Habenaria
cassidea
Reichenbach, Orchidaceae. |
|
Calceolaria darwini
Bentham, Scrophulariaceae, Patagonia,
Argentine. Grown as an alpine. |
[page] 85
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS, Plants, continued. |
|
Catasetum darwinianum
Rolfe, Orchidaceae, Guiana. |
|
Cheilosporum darwini
De-Toni, Algae, Chile. |
|
Chiliotrichum darwini
J. D. Hooker, Compositae=Nardophyllum darwini. |
|
Clinopodium darwini
Kuntze, Labiatae=Micromeria darwini. |
|
Coldenia darwini Gürke=C.
dichotoma Lehmann,
Boraginaceae, Charles Is., Galapagos. |
|
Cortinarius darwini
Spegazzini, Fungi, Patagonia, Argentine. |
|
Cytarria darwini
Berkeley, Fungi, Tierra del Fuego. Eaten
by natives. |
1882 |
Darwin auricula 1882 Apr. 25
Charles Turner named an
alpine auricula strain "Charles Darwin" at Royal Agricultural Society's
show—The Times, Apr. 26. |
1887 |
Darwin clematis 1887 Apr. 25 C.
Noble named a clematis strain "Darwin
in memoriam" at Royal Agricultural Society Show—The Times,
Apr. 26. |
1834 |
Darwin potato 1834 Dec. CD saw
and ate tubers of Solanum maglia,
Solonaceae, in Chonos archipelago, Chile. Named "CD's potato" by George
Nicholson, Illustrated
dictionary of gardening, 1885-1889—Allan 224. |
1889 |
Darwin tulip 1889 J. C. Lenglart
of Lille raised the first and named
it "Princesse Aldobrandini". He sold it to E. H. Krelage of Krelage
N.V. of Haarlem who asked Francis D if he might name the strain in
honour of CD. |
|
Tulip hybrid. Crosses between
Darwin tulips q.v. and Tulipa
fosteriana, a Royal Horticultural Society subdivision.
|
|
[Darwinia Rudge 1813,
Myrtaceae; about 25 species of Australian
heath-like shrubs. Darwinia Rafinesque 1817 and Darwinia
Dennstedt 1818 are junior homonyms. All named for Erasmus D
[I].] |
|
Darwinothamnus Gunnar
Harling, for Erigeron lancifolium
J. D. Hooker, Compositae, Albemarle Is, Galapagos. |
|
Eugenia darwini J. D.
Hooker, Myrtaceae, Chile. |
|
Fagelia darwini Kuntze,
Scrophulariaceae=Calceolaria
darwini. |
|
Galapagoa darwini J. D.
Hooker=Coldenia darwini=Coldenia
dichotoma. |
|
Gossypium darwini Watt,
Malvaceae, Galapagos. |
|
Hebe darwiniana
Colenso, Scrophulariaceae, New Zealand=H. glaucophylla Hort.
Grown as an alpine. |
|
Hymenophyllum darwini
W. J. Hooker, Fern, Antarctica. |
|
Hypocopra darwini
Spegazzini, Fungi, Patagonia, Argentine. |
|
Laboulbenia darwini
Thaxter, Fungi, Brasil. |
|
Laelio-Cattleya darwiniana
× hort. Orchidaceae. |
|
Lippia darwini
Spegazzini, Verbenaceae=Neosparton darwini. |
|
Lithophyllum darwini
Foslie, Algae, South Australia. |
|
Micromeria darwini
Bentham, Labiatae, Patagonia, Argentine=Clinopodium darwini.
|
|
Myrtus darwini
Barnéoud, Myrtaceae, Chile. |
|
Nardophyllum darwini
A. Gray, Compositae, Patagonia=Chiliotrichum
darwini. |
[page] 86
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS, Plants, continued. |
|
Nassauvia darwini
O. Hoffmann and Dusén, Compositae,
Tierra del Fuego, Chile. |
|
Neosparton darwini
Bentham and J. D. Hooker, Verbenaceae,
Brasil. |
|
Opuntia darwini
Henslow, Cactaceae, Patagonia, Argentine. |
|
Panagyrus darwini W.
J. Hooker and Arnott, Compositae=Nassauvia
darwini. |
|
Pisonia darwini
Hemsley, Nyctaginaceae, Fernando Noronha. |
|
Pleuropetalum darwini
J. D. Hooker, Amarantaceae, Galapagos. |
|
Polygala darwini A. W.
Benn, Polygalaceae, Patagonia,
Argentine. |
|
Satureia darwini
Briquet, Labiatae=Micromeria darwini. |
|
Scalesia darwini J. D.
Hooker, Compositae, James Is, Galapagos. |
|
Senecio darwini W. J.
Hooker and Arnott, Compositae,
Tierra del Fuego, Chile. |
|
Spilanthes darwini
Porter, Compositae, Galapagos (1978 Madrono
25:58). |
|
Torula darwini
Spegazzini, Fungi, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. |
|
Ulota darwini Mitten,
moss, Patagonia,
Argentine. |
|
Urtica darwini J. D.
Hooker, Urticaceae, Chonos Archipelago, Chile=U.
megallanica Jussieu. |
|
Veronica darwiniana
Colenso, Scrophulariaceae=Hebe darwiniana. |
|
Zinnia darwiniana Haage
and Schmidt, Compositae=Glossogyne
pinnatifida De Candolle, Compositae, Malaya. |
|
|
|
FINANCE: |
|
On the Beagle voyage,
apart from kitting-out
expenses, CD drew bills on his father's account through Robarts &
Co. He reported a total of £735 to his father in letters to his
sisters. He was on the books for victuals, but paid £50 per annum to
Fitz-Roy
towards the expenses of his table, £250 in all, leaving £485 for his
personal expenses whilst travelling on land. The cost of his servant
Covington was about £30 p.a., C being on the books for messing. |
|
CD kept detailed accounts from
the time of his marriage, as
did ED for household expenditure. These, although preserved at Down
House, have not been published in full. Extracts are given in Keith, Darwin
revalued, 221-223, 1955, and in Atkins, Down the home of the
Darwins, 95-100, 1976. |
until 1848 |
Until his father's death in
1848 CD was
wholly dependent on him, except for ED's marriage settlement and £150
which he received for the sale of his copyright in J. Researches
in 1845. |
|
In his early manhood years he
received £400 per annum which was
increased to £500 on marriage. |
|
ED's dowry brought £400 per
annum. |
1839 |
He had
saved and invested a little, so that his total income in 1839 was
£1,244. |
|
His father left him more than
£40,000. |
1859-1881 |
From 1859 until 1881
his books brought in a total of £10,248, an average of about £465 per
annum. |
[page] 87
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882, FINANCE, continued. |
1845 |
His farm, at Beesby,
Lincolnshire, was bought in 1845 for £13,592 borrowed from his father
at interest
of £461. 16s.10d, about 3 per cent. At that time the rent was £377, but
by 1877 it had increased to £555.16. |
1854 on
|
In 1854 CD's total income was
£4,603. By 1871 it had risen to around £8,000, and it continued at this
level until his death. |
1873
|
CD's bank was Union Bank of
London, Sotheby 1979 Jun. 18,
lot 467, a £50 cheque to Sydney Sales. |
1873 |
He was able to save a
considerable sum each
year, the highest being £4,819 in 1873. |
|
His investments, which were
looked after by his banker son William Erasmus D, were largely in
railways and government bonds. |
1881 |
On the death of his brother
Erasmus
Alvey D in 1881, he inherited half of his fortune, perhaps the
£9,354.19s.6d shown as extraordinary receipts in his summary of income
for 1881. |
1881 |
In that year, 1881, he had an
income of £17,299.1s.4d., a bank
balance of £2,968 and £165.19s.4d in hand. His expenses were
£4,880.16s.6d; he invested £10,218.6s.6d. and gave £3,000 to his
children. |
|
Rates and taxes were always
small: in the sixties a little
over £60 p.a., in the seventies over £70. His highest income tax was
£52 in 1872. |
1881 |
1881 Sep. 8 William Erasmus D
wrote to his father that the
total estate was about £282,000 and that, calculated at 7 to 12, his
daughters would inherit about £34,000 and sons £53,000. See also
Down House, household expenditure. |
[page] 88
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
|
|
|
|
GHOST: |
|
One of several said to haunt
Downe Court, opposite Down
House—A. D. H. Coxe, Haunted Britain, 79, 1973, with
photograph. |
|
|
|
GRAVE: |
1882 |
Westminster Abbey, "north-east
corner of the nave next to that
of Sir John Herschel", 7ft deep in a coffin of white oak—The Times
Apr. 27 1882. |
|
"A few feet from the grave of
Sir Isaac Newton"—LLiii 361. |
1887 |
Memorial plaque by Sir
Joseph Boehm. |
|
|
|
HABITS: |
|
The only detailed account of
CD's day-to-day pattern of life
is in Francis D's reminiscences of his father—LLi 108-160. This stems
from his middle and later years when he had developed a rigid pattern,
seldom changed even when there were visitors in the house. His own
autobiography tells little about his habits, except something of his
hobbies and enthusiasms. A typical day at Down House may be summarized
as follows: |
7am |
Rose and took a
short walk. |
7.45am |
Breakfast alone. |
8-9.30am |
Worked in his study;
he considered this his best working time. |
9.30-
10.30am |
Went to drawing-room
and read his letters, followed by
reading aloud of family letters. |
[page] 89
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. HABITS, continued.
|
10.30-12 or
12.15pm
|
Returned to study,
which period he considered the end of his working day. |
12 noon |
Walk, starting with
visit to greenhouse, then round the
sandwalk, the number of times depending on his health, usually alone or
with a dog. |
12.45pm |
Lunch with whole
family, which was his main meal of the day.
After lunch read The Times and answered his letters. |
3pm |
Rested in his
bedroom on the sofa and smoked a cigarette,
listened to a novel or other light literature read by ED. |
4pm |
Walked, usually
round sandwalk, sometimes farther afield and
sometimes in company. |
4.30-
5.30pm |
Worked in study,
clearing up matters of the day. |
6pm |
Rested again in
bedroom with ED reading aloud. |
7.30pm |
Light high tea while
the family dined. In late years never
stayed in the dining room with the men, but retired to the drawing-room
with the ladies. If no guests were present, he played two games of
backgammon with ED, usually followed by reading to himself, then ED
played the piano, followed by reading aloud. |
10pm |
Left the
drawing-room and usually in bed by 10.30, but slept
badly. |
|
Even when guests were present,
half an hour of conversation at a
time was all that he could stand, because it exhausted him. |
|
Alcohol: |
|
Francis D records that CD "drank
very little wine, but enjoyed and
was revived by the little he did drink"—LLi 118. |
|
However he admitted to
him that "he had once drunk too much at Cambridge" as his enthusiastic
membership of the Gourmet Club perhaps indicates. "Darwin had once told
him [Hooker] that he had got drunk three times in early life, and
thought intoxication the greatest of all pleasures"—M. E. Grant Duff, Victorian
vintage, 144, 1930. |
|
CD's accounts show a
considerable consumption
of brandy and of beer at Down House, but the former was probably for
guests and the latter for growing sons and the staff. |
[page] 90
![](https://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/Ancillary/1978_Companion_A27/1978_Companion_A27_fig05.jpg)
Research Notes on Insectivorous Plants, 1860.
[page] 91
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. HABITS, continued.
|
|
|
|
Hobbies and pastimes: |
|
CD's beetle collecting whilst at
Cambridge seems to have been little
more than collecting, but the techniques learnt were useful on the Beagle
voyage. |
|
He was not good at ball games,
although he records that he
enjoyed bat fives whilst at Shrewsbury School. |
|
He
played Van John (Vingt-et-un) at Cambridge a lot, but does not seem to
have played cards later. |
|
He enjoyed watching his
family play lawn tennis and billiards. |
|
In his youth, he was an
enthusiastic shot, especially when visiting Maer and the Owens at
nearby Woodhouse. He shot for the pot and for scientific need during
the Beagle voyage, but gave it up entirely on his return. |
|
He
rode for pleasure in his youth and as the only way of covering ground
on inland trips from the Beagle. He took up riding again for
health reasons on his quiet cob Tommy, on the recommendation of Dr
Bence Jones, but rode less frequently after he had been rolled on in
1869. |
|
His evening recreation, other
than reading,
being read to and listening to ED play the piano, was backgammon. He
and ED played two games every evening when they were alone. He won most
games, she most gammons. 1876 Jan. 28 CD to Gray records 5285 games
played—EDii 221. |
|
|
|
Tobacco: |
|
CD started taking snuff when he
was a student at Edinburgh and
continued to do so, finding it a stimulant. He smoked a few cigarettes
when travelling with gauchos in South America, and restarted late in
life when he was relaxing. |
![](https://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/Ancillary/1978_Companion_A27/1978_Companion_A27_fig06.jpg)
Charles Darwin's Full Signature 1854.
|
HANDWRITING: |
|
CD's handwriting, even at its
best, is notoriously
difficult to read. The specimen given above, written in 1860, is
typical of his research notes, written for himself. Francis D comments
of rough notes such as this that they "were almost illegible, sometimes
even to himself"—LLi 119. |
|
Final manuscript for the press
was, for many years, transcribed by
the Downe schoolmaster, Ebenezer Norman, and long letters were
dictated, often to ED and later to Francis D. |
|
He was considerate to
foreign correspondents, remarking to Francis D "You'd better try to
write well, as it's to a foreigner"—LLi 119. |
|
His formal signature was
"Charles Darwin", as in the example given above, from the Maull &
Fox
photograph of 1854, but on letters he often signed "Ch. Darwin". He
seems seldom to have used his second initial.—Darwin, C. R.
1877. [Letter of thanks, dated 12 February.] In Harting, P.,
Testimonial to Mr Darwin—Evolution in the Netherlands. Nature
15 (8 March): 410-412. F1776.
|
[page] 92
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
|
|
|
|
HEALTH: |
|
A great deal has been written on
CD's ill-health, but it is
all guesswork based on what he himself wrote in his autobiography and
on a few remarks by Francis D in LLi ch. 3. No case notes from any of
the physicians he consulted have ever been published, nor, so far as is
recorded, was an autopsy carried out at his death. |
|
Barlow, in her
edition of the Autobiography, 240-243, 1958, gives an
appendix on the subject with the main references. She concludes that
the following causes have been suggested "Appendicitis, a duodenal
ulcer, pyorrhea, or the damaging effects of sea-sickness during the
voyage; but recent emphasis has been in the direction of neurotic or
psychotic causes". |
|
Other suggestions have been
Chagas disease and a
toxic state arising from bad medication. De Beer, Charles Darwin,
114-117, 1963, puts most weight on Chagas disease, but Woodruff, The
Times, Dec. 17, 1963, refutes this suggestion on the grounds that
the symptoms were not at all typical. See 1971 J. H. Winslow,
Darwin's Victorian malady, Philadelphia, 1971. R. Colp, To
be an invalid: the illness of Charles Darwin, Chicago, 1977. |
|
CD does not refer to any
illnesses in childhood or youth and he
lived an active and outdoor life. |
1831 |
His first entry of illness is
for
1831 Oct.-Dec., just before the Beagle sailed "I was also
troubled with palpitation and pain about the heart, and like many a
young ignorant man, especially one with a smattering of medical
knowledge, was convinced that I had heart disease. I did not consult
any doctor".—LLi 64. |
1834 |
During the voyage, apart from a
few minor
accidents, some mild fever and continuing sea-sickness, he had only one
serious illness. This was at Valparaiso, 1834 Sep. 19 until the end of
October. Sep. 19 "During the day I felt very unwell". He reached
Valparaiso on 27th "with great difficulty", "and was there confined to
my bed till the end of October". J. Researches, 1845,
268-269. |
|
For most of the voyage he was
fit and lived an extremely energetic life. |
1839-1842 |
During his residence in London,
1839-1842, "I did less scientific
work", "This was due to frequent recurring unwellness, and to one long
serious illness"—LLi 69. Again he gives no symptoms. |
|
When he had moved
to Down House, he explained that after entertaining company "my health
almost always suffered from the excitement, violent shivering attacks
and vomiting being thus brought on"—LLi 79. This condition continued
for the rest of his life, although the attacks seem to have been less
frequent or less violent in his later years. |
1881, 1882 |
During Dec. 1881 he began to
suffer anginal pains which became more
frequent in Feb.-Mar. 1882. He had a severe attack with fainting on
Apr. 18. Francis D records his father's last words, on 18th, as "I am
not afraid to die"—LLiii 358. |
[page] 93
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued. |
|
|
|
HOMES: |
until 1836
|
CD's home was his father's
house, The Mount, Shrewsbury, until
after his return from the Beagle voyage in 1836. |
|
He was
however away for much of the year whilst an undergraduate student at
Edinburgh, and Cambridge, and for almost five years when on the Beagle.
|
|
On his return, he stayed in
Cambridge with Henslow and then in lodgings in
Fitzwilliam St, and in London with his brother Erasmus Alvey D at 43
Great Marlborough St. |
1837 |
In 1837, Mar. 13, he took
furnished rooms at 36
Great Marlborough St with his secretary servant Syms Covington: this
house can perhaps be regarded as his first personal home. |
1838-1842 |
After his
engagement to ED, he rented a furnished house, 12 Upper Gower St, into
which he moved in 1838, Dec. 31, and where he and his bride took up
residence the day after their wedding, 1839, Jan. 30. They lived there
until 1842, Sep. |
1842-1882
|
On 14th ED moved to Down House
and CD followed on
17th. There they lived for the rest of their lives, although from 1882
ED spent the winters in Cambridge. The following list summarizes CD's
homes and dates: |
1809 Feb. 12-1837 Mar. 13 |
The Mount, Shrewsbury. |
1825 Oct. 22-1827 Apr. 23 |
11 Lothian St, Edinburgh, in term time. |
1828 Jan.-1831 Jun. |
Christ's College, Cambridge, in term time. |
1831 Dec. 10-1836 Oct. 2 |
HMS Beagle. |
1837 Mar. 13-1838 Dec. 30 |
36 Great Marlborough St, London. |
1838 Dec. 31-1842 Sep. 16 |
12 Upper Gower St, London. |
1842 Sep. 17-1882 Apr. 19 |
Down House, Downe, Kent. |
[page] 94
|
|
|
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ICONOGRAPHY:
|
|
Portraits
in CD's lifetime in date order:
|
|
1. |
1818 |
aet. 7/8 |
Rolinda Sharples |
pastel. |
2. |
1840 |
Mar. 30 |
George Richmond |
water colour. |
3. |
1842 |
Aug. 32 |
? |
photograph. |
4. |
1850 |
41/42 |
T. H. Maguire |
lithograph from life. |
5. |
1853 |
43/44 |
Samuel Laurence |
chalk drawing |
6. |
1854 |
44/45 |
Maull & Polyblank |
albumen photograph. |
7. |
1864 |
54/55 |
London Stereoscopic |
photograph. |
8. |
1866 |
56/57 |
Vincent Brooks |
lithograph (bearded). |
9. |
1868 |
Aug. 59 |
Margaret Cameron |
photographs. |
10. |
1869 |
Nov. 60 |
Thomas Woolner |
marble bust. |
11. |
1871 |
61/62 |
O. G. Rejlander |
photograph. |
12. |
1874 |
64/65 |
Leonard Darwin |
photograph. |
13. |
1875 |
65 |
W. W. Ouless |
oil. |
14. |
1878 |
68/69 |
Marian Huxley |
pencil. |
15. |
1873-80? |
60s |
Louisa Ann Nash |
ink wash. |
16. |
1879 |
Jun. 70 |
W. B. Richmond |
oil. |
17. |
1880 |
summer 71 |
Elliot & Fry |
photograph. |
18. |
1881 |
Aug. 72 |
John Collier |
oil. |
|
|
|
Portraits taken from life
include one bust, three oils,
one each water colour, pastel, chalk, inkwash, and pencil. |
|
There is one
print, a lithograph, a number of photographs and many caricatures. |
1882-1909
|
There are at least fifteen
further works in three dimensions ranging
from full-scale statues to heads for medallions which were not taken
from life, but made between his death and the 1909 celebrations of his
birth. These are listed below, but the artists are also entered in the
main sequence. |
1909 |
The most comprehensive
exhibition of portraits and
related material was that at Christ's College Cambridge. This was held
in the summer of the centenary year, 1909. |
|
A similar exhibition, with
some of the same material, was held at the British Museum (Natural
History) in that autumn. There are printed catalogues of both. |
|
|
|
Three dimensions: |
1 1869 |
Bust by Thomas Woolner, now in
Botany School Cambridge. 1868
Nov. CD sat for. Francis D comments "It has a certain air, almost of
pomposity, which seems to me foreign to my father's expression"—LLiii
106. |
2 1883 |
Statue in stone by Sir
Joseph Boehm, at British
Museum (Natural History). 1885 Jun. 9 unveiled by Huxley in presence of
Prince of Wales. B was paid £2,100 for it. |
3 1883 |
Statuette by Sir
Joseph Boehm. From No. 2, about
half size. |
4 1887 |
Bust in terracotta by Sir
Joseph Boehm, 24". Copy in National
Portrait gallery. See also No. 34. |
5 1887 |
Deep medallion by Sir
Joseph Boehm, in Westminster
Abbey. B was paid £150 for it. |
6 1905 |
Statue in stone, seated, by
Horace Mountford, outside Old
School, Shrewsbury. There is a life-size plaster cast of this. |
7 ?1905 |
Statuette in bronze by Horace
Mountford, based on No. 6.
Copies were for sale in 1909. |
8 1905 |
Bust by Horace Mountford, 27½″,
based on No. 7. Copy in
terracotta in National Portrait Gallery. 1909 a copy in plaster was
with the artist. Copy in plaster was in UCL Statistics
until 1981, Zoology 1982- .
|
9
|
Before 1887 but not from life.
Bust by Christian Wilhelm Jacob
Lehr, at University Museum Oxford. |
10 |
1885 or before but not from life.
Plaque by Thomas Woolner, in green
Wedgwoodware. Copy in CD's set at Christ's College Cambridge; another
at American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. |
[page] 95
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ICONOGRAPHY, continued. |
11 1882 |
Medallion in bronze by Allan
Wyon. The Royal Society's
Darwin Medal was reduced from this; the die made in 1890. There is an
electrotype from the original wax at British Museum (Natural History). |
12 1909 or before |
Medallion in
bronze by Horace Mountford. |
13 1909 or before |
Medallion in
bronze by William Rothenstein. |
14 1909 |
Bust in bronze by William Couper
of New York, at Christ's
College Cambridge. Presented by USA delegates to 1909 centenary
celebrations. |
15 No date |
Statue by H. R.
Hope-Pinker, at University Museum, Oxford;
model for at Down House. Presented by
E. B. Poulton. |
16 No date |
Bust by Charles L.
Hartwell, at Down House. Commissioned by
Joseph Leidy. Inscription reads "Presented by Dr. Joseph Leidy II of
Philadelphia, to the British Nation in memory of those American
naturalists who came to the support of Charles Darwin upon the
publication of 'The origin of species' in 1859". |
|
|
|
Oils: |
17 1875 |
By Walter William Ouless. CD sat
for in Feb.-Mar. In family;
1883 copy by the artist at Christ's College Cambridge. Engraved by Paul
Rajon, No. 29. Francis D's opinion "Mr. Ouless's portrait is, in my
opinion, the finest representation of my father that has been
produced"—LLiii 195. |
18 1879 |
By Sir William Blake
Richmond. CD sat for in Jun.
Copy by the artist in the family. Cambridge Philosophical Society.
Subscribed for by members of the University, £400 being raised. CD is
in his Hon.LL.D. robes. ED's opinion in 1881 Oct. "The red picture, and
I thought it quite horrid, so fierce and so dirty". Francis D's opinion
"according to my own view, neither the attitude nor the expression are
characteristic of my father"—LLiii 222. |
19 1881 |
By Hon. John Collier.
CD sat for in Aug. At
Linnean Society and commissioned by them. 1883 copy by the artist,
presented 1896 to National Portrait Gallery by William Erasmus D.
Francis D's opinion "many of those who knew his face most intimately
think that Mr. Collier's picture is the best of the portraits"—LLiii
223. Copy at Royal Society by Mabel
J. B. Messer 1912, purchased 1916. |
[page] 96
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ICONOGRAPHY, continued. |
|
|
20 1816 |
Water colours and drawings: |
|
Pastel of CD with his sister
Emily Catherine. Reproductions
always describe it as by "Sharples", perhaps Rolinda Sharples (died
1838);
not her father James S who died in 1811. In the
family. |
21 ?1840 |
Pencil sketch for No. 22 by
George Richmond. Found in cellars
of Botany School Cambridge in 1929. |
22 ?1840 |
Water colour by George Richmond.
Unsigned but note on back
of frame reads March 1840. In the family. |
23 1853 |
Chalk drawing by Samuel
Laurence, a sketch for No. 24. |
24 1853 |
Chalk drawing by Samuel
Laurence. In the family. |
25 |
Between 1873 and 1880 Washed
India ink by Louisa Ann Nash. Owned
by L. A. N's grand-daughter at Corvallis, Oregon. This is the only
picture of CD done in his lifetime which is in USA. |
26 1878 |
Pencil sketch, 7″×5″, by Marian
Huxley, in National Portrait
Gallery. Signed with a monogram MH. |
|
|
|
Prints: |
27 ?1850 |
Lithograph by T. H. Maguire.
Printed by M. & N.
Hanhart. Ipswich Museum British Association Portraits. Lithograph
signature of CD below and blind stamp of Ipswich Museum. CD is seated
in a Down study chair. This is the only print in any form from life. See
also George Ransome. |
28 1874 |
Steel engraving by C. H. Jeens,
from Rejlander photograph
No. 40. For Nature, Lond. Jun. 4. Frontispiece, Charles Darwin
memorial
notices, 1882. |
29 ?1875 |
Copper engraving by Paul Rajon,
from Ouless oil No. 17.
There is a proof at American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. |
30 1884 |
Wood engraving by G. Kruell,
from Maull & Fox
photograph, the profile, No. 43, for Harper's Mag., Oct. |
31 1882 |
Wood engraving from Leonard D
photograph, No. 41, for Century
Mag., Jan. |
32 1883 |
Copper engraving by Leopold
Flameng, from Collier portrait,
No. 19. Copies are dated March 10, Fine Art Society (Limited) London,
and have engraved signatures of artist and engraver. |
33 1887 |
Wood engraving by G. Kruell,
from Elliott & Fry
photograph, No. 43, for Frontispiece LLiii. |
34 |
1886 or 1887 Wood engraving by
Edward Whymper, from Boehm bust,
No. 4. |
[page] 97
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ICONOGRAPHY, continued. |
|
|
|
Photographs: |
35 1842 |
Aug. 23. Photographer unknown.
CD
with first child William Erasmus D. A studio portrait with drop
background. |
36 circa 1854 |
Maull & Polyblank. Maull
& Polyblank became Maull
& Fox before 1884. |
a. |
Profile to third
waistcoat
button or to knees, seated in bentwood chair, fancy waistcoat and
trousers; long available as a commercial photogravure. |
b. |
Full face, dark
embroidery waistcoat and dark trousers; also available
as a commercial photogravure but less often seen. The two versions were
probably taken at the same session because the table and drapes are the
same. |
|
P. M. Pollack Cat. 28 item 123,
1981 Mar. offers an
albumen print signed Maull & Polyblank titled Charles Darwin M.A.,
V.P.R.S. &c. Freeman copy of the fancy waistcoat one made in 1912
has
facsimile of CD's signature and date 1854. Pollack's is in fancy
waistcoat. |
37 circa 1864 |
London Stereoscopic Co. There
are at least three versions
of these pairs. |
38 1868 |
Aug. Julia Margaret Cameron;
taken at Freshwater, Isle of
Wight. |
a. |
Profile. |
b. |
Almost full face.
Authentic
copies should be signed by Mrs Cameron and bear Colnaghi's
blind authentication stamp. CD's opinion of "I like this photograph
very much better than any other which has been taken of me"—LLiii 92,
but he does not say which one. |
39 circa
1868 |
CD on his cob Tommy. |
40 circa 1870 |
O. G. Rejlander, a profile
facing right. See
No. 28. |
41 circa 1874 |
Leonard D, CD sitting in a
basket chair on verandah at Down
House. A version of this printed on china was shown at Christ's College
exhibition of 1909. |
42 ?1878 |
Lock & Whitfield, Men
of Mark, 3rd ser.,
1878. A half-face head and shoulders; reproduced on free end paper of
Eiseley, Darwin's century, 1958. This photograph is not
otherwise recorded. |
43 circa 1880 |
Elliott & Fry. |
a. |
On verandah at Down
House
in cloak and hat with round crown; Version a,
at least, was long available as a commercial photogravure. |
b. |
Same place but
without
cloak or hat. British Museum (Natural History) exhibition of 1909
showed four versions of this photographic session. |
|
|
|
Caricatures: |
|
There are many of these and no
list has ever appeared. |
1871
|
The best
known, and that most often reproduced is "Natural Selection" by Carlo
Pellegrini, 1871, Men of the Day No. 33, Vanity Fair, Sep.
30.
Pellegrini signed his caricatures "Ape" from 1869 onwards, but this is
not signed. It occurred for sale in two sizes, 31 cm and 18 cm, the
former much better coloured. |
|
Others which were shown at the
Christ's
College exhibition of 1909 were 1881 Punch's Fancy Portraits No. 54,
after publication of Vegetable mould, Hornet, CD
with Monkey
body, Simplissimus, Lalune, La petite Lune,
Fun, Once a week, Figaro. |
|
There is
at least one caricature in pottery, a monkey body with CD's head. |
[page] 98
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued. |
|
|
|
ITINERARY: |
|
Where CD was at any one time in
his life is well
documented except for the earliest years. For these the
autobiographical fragment, printed in MLi 5, is the most helpful; this
was probably written in 1838 when he started his personal journal. |
|
The
journal contains only a little on the Beagle voyage, but J.
Researches and Fitz-Roy's Vol. 2 of the Narrative give
the details. For much of the time CD was ashore whilst the ship was
surveying so that his whereabouts are by no means the same as hers. |
after 1838
|
After 1838, all important visits
from home are noticed in detail in his
journal, except that some brief trips to London for a night or so may
be omitted, or else he does not say where he stayed. |
1842-1881
|
After his move to
Down House in 1842 CD was away from home for a considerable part of
each year. Much of the time was spent at hydropathic establishments,
but there were also holidays and journeys for scientific business. From
1842 to 1881 he was away for a total of about 2000 days, exceeding 50
days in 23 of these 40 years. |
1809-1812 |
No information about
his being away from The Mount,
Shrewsbury. |
1813 |
Family summer
holiday at Gros, Abergele, North Wales. |
1814-1816 |
No information about
his being away from The Mount. |
1817 |
In the spring CD
went with his sister Emily Catherine D to Mr
G. Case's day school in Shrewsbury. |
1818 |
In the summer CD
went to Shrewsbury School as a boarder,
stayed seven years, Dr Samuel Butler being headmaster all the
time.
|
|
Jul. CD went to Liverpool with
his brother Erasmus Alvey D. |
1819 |
Jul. Summer holiday
at Plas Edwards, Towyn, North Wales. |
1820 |
Jul. CD went on
riding tour with his brother to Pistyll
Rhaeadr, North Wales. |
1822 |
Jun. CD went to
Downton, Wiltshire, with sister Caroline Sarah D.
|
|
Jul. CD went to Montgomery and
Bishop's Castle, Shropshire, with
sister Susan Elizabeth D. |
1825 |
Jun. 17 left
Shrewsbury School.
|
|
Oct. 22 signed matriculation
book Edinburgh University as a medical student. Lodged at 11 Lothian St. |
|
Oct. 26 First lecture. |
1826 |
At Edinburgh all
this year in term time.
|
|
Jun. 15 North Wales, walking
tour with N.
Hubbersty, climbed Snowdon. |
[page] 99
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY continued.
|
1827 |
Apr. circa 24 finally left Edinburgh,
toured
Dundee, St Andrew's,
Stirling, Glasgow, Belfast, Dublin (only visit to Ireland).
|
|
May, end
of, visited Paris with Josiah Wedgwood [II] and Caroline Sarah D
(only visit to continental Europe). |
|
Autumn, paid many visits to
Woodhouse, Shropshire, especially for the shooting. |
|
Sep. at Maer and
visited Sir James Mackintosh. |
|
Oct. 15 admitted to Christ's
College Cambridge, but did not go up until Lent term. |
1828 |
Jan. went to Christ's College for Lent
term and rest of
academic year, lodging above W. Bacon's, tobacconist, in Sydney St,
now rebuilt as Boots the Chemist.
|
|
Summer
to Barmouth, North Wales with J. M. Herbert and T. Butler for private
coaching by G. A. Butterton. |
|
Sep. at Maer and then at
Osmaston Hall, near
Derby, home of William Darwin Fox. |
1829 |
At Cambridge in term time, living in
College.
|
|
Feb. 19 two days
in London to talk about beetles with F. W. Hope. |
|
Feb. 24 to Cambridge. |
|
Jun. to Barmouth with F. W. Hope. |
|
Jun.-Jul. Shrewsbury. |
|
Jul. Maer one
week. |
|
Oct. Birmingham with Wedgwoods
for music meeting. |
|
Oct. 16 to
Cambridge. |
1830 |
At Cambridge in term time, living in
College.
|
|
Aug. to North
Wales collecting beetles and fishing. |
|
Nov. Cambridge, passed BA
examinations. |
1831 |
Jan. 23 to Cambridge for three months to
keep
terms, stayed with
J. S. Henslow.
|
|
Jun. left Cambridge at end of
May term. |
|
Aug. to
Llangollen, Ruthin, Conway, Bangor, Capel Curig, with Adam Sedgwick for
geology, then alone to Barmouth.
|
|
Sep. 1 Maer for shooting. |
|
Sep. 2-4
Cambridge. |
|
Sep. 5 London, 17 Spring
Gardens. |
|
Sep. 9 left by Packet with
Fitz-Roy for Plymouth. |
|
Sep. 11 arrived Plymouth to see Beagle. |
|
Sep. 11-13 sailing.
|
|
Sep. 13-16 Devonport. |
|
Sep. 17-19 London. |
|
Sep. 19-21 Cambridge. |
|
Sep. 22 Shrewsbury. |
|
Oct. 2 London, 17 Spring
Gardens. |
|
Oct. 21 Shrewsbury. |
|
Oct. 24 Plymouth. |
|
Dec. 10 sailed but put back. |
|
Dec. 21
sailed but put back. |
|
Dec. 27 sailed. |
1832 |
Jan. 6-Feb. 8 Cape Verde Is.
|
|
Feb. 16-17 St Paul's Rocks. |
|
Feb. 16-17 Beagle
crossed equator, Neptune
ceremonies morning 17th.
|
|
Feb. 20
Fernando de Noronha. |
|
Feb. 28-Mar. 18 Bahia Blanca. |
|
Mar. 27 Abrolhos
archipelago. |
|
Apr. 5-Jul. 5 Rio de Janeiro. |
|
Jul. 26-Aug. 19 Monte Video. |
|
Sep. 6-Oct. 17 Bahia Blanca. |
|
Nov. 2-26 Monte Video. |
|
Dec. 16 Tierra del
Fuego. |
[page] 100
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY continued. |
1833 |
-Feb. 26 Tierra del
Fuego.
|
|
Mar. 1-Apr. 6 Falkland Is. |
|
Apr. 28-Jul. 23 Maldonado. |
|
Aug. 3-Dec. 6 Rio Negro and
Monte Video. |
|
Dec. 23-Port Desire. |
1834 |
-Jan. 4 Port Desire.
|
|
Jan. 9-Jan. 19 Port St Julian. |
|
Jan. 29-Mar. 7
Straits of Magellan via Falkland Is. |
|
Mar. 10-Apr. 7 Falkland Is. |
|
Apr. 13-May 12 Santa Cruz River.
|
|
Jun. 28-Jul. 13 Chiloe. |
|
Jul. 31-Nov. 10
Valparaiso. |
|
Nov. 21- Chiloe. |
1835 |
-Feb. 4 Chiloe.
|
|
Feb. 8-22 Valdivia. |
|
Mar. 4-7 Concepcion. |
|
Mar. 11-Jul. 6
Valparaiso-Copiapo. |
|
Jul. 12-15 Iquique. |
|
Jul. 19-Sep. 7 Callao
for Lima. |
|
Sep. 16-Oct. 20 Galapagos Is. |
|
Nov. 15-26 Tahiti. |
|
Dec. 21-30 Bay
of Islands, New Zealand. |
1836 |
Jan. 12-30 Sydney.
|
|
Feb. 2-17 Hobart. |
|
Mar. 3-14 St George's
Sound. |
|
Apr. 2-12 Cocos Keeling Is. |
|
Apr. 29-May 9 Mauritius. |
|
May
31-Jun. 18 Cape of Good Hope. |
|
Jul. 7-14 St Helena. |
|
Jul. 19-23 Ascension. |
|
Aug. 1-6 Bahia Blanca. |
|
Aug. 12-17 Pernambuco. |
|
Sep. 4-8 Porto
Praya, Cape Verde Is. |
|
Sep. 20 Terceira, Azores. |
|
Oct. 2 Falmouth,
Cornwall. |
|
Oct. 4 Shrewsbury. |
|
Oct. end of, Greenwich unloading
Beagle. |
|
Nov. 6 London, 43 Great
Marlborough St. |
|
Nov. circa 21 Maer. |
|
Dec. 2-13 London. |
|
Dec. 13- Cambridge, J. S.
Henslow and Fitzwilliam St. |
1837 |
-Mar. 6 Cambridge
with two trips to London one on Jan. 4.
|
|
Mar. 6-12 London, 43 Great
Marlborough St. |
|
Mar. 13-Jun. 25 London, 36
Great Marlborough St. |
|
Nov. 21 Isle of Wight two-day
visit
to W. D. Fox. |
|
Nov. 23 London. |
1838 |
May 10 Cambridge
three
days.
|
|
Jun. 23 London to Leith by
steamer,
Edinburgh one day Salisbury Crags, Loch Leven, Glen Roy eight days,
Glasgow,
Liverpool. |
|
Jul. 12 Overton-on-Dee,
Flintshire one night. |
|
Jul. 13-31
Shrewsbury and Maer. |
|
Aug. 1 to London. |
|
Oct. 25 Windsor for two days
rest. |
|
Nov. 9 Maer, Nov. 11 proposed to
Emma Wedgwood and was accepted. |
|
Nov. 12
Shrewsbury. |
|
Nov. 17 Maer. |
|
Nov. 20 to London. |
|
Dec. 6 Emma W came to London. |
|
Dec. 21 to Maer. |
|
Dec. 31 slept at 12 Upper Gower
St. |
1839 |
Jan. 11 to
Shrewsbury. |
|
Jan. 15 to Maer. |
|
Jan. 18 to London. |
|
Jan. 25 to Shrewsbury. |
|
Jan. 28 to Maer, Jan. 29 CD
married. |
|
Jan. 30 to
London 12 Upper Gower St. |
|
Apr. 26-May 12 Maer. |
|
May 13-19 Shrewsbury. |
|
May
20 to London. |
|
Aug. 23 to Maer. |
|
Aug. 26 to Birmingham for
British
Association. |
|
Sep. 12 to Shrewsbury. |
|
Oct. 2 to London. |
[page] 101
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY, continued. |
1840 |
Apr. 3 to
Shrewsbury.
|
|
Jun. 10 to Maer. |
|
Nov. 10 to London. |
1841 |
May 28 to Maer and
Shrewsbury.
|
|
Jul. 23 to London. |
1842 |
Mar. 7-17 Shrewsbury.
|
|
May 18-Jun. 14 Maer. |
|
Jun. 15 to
Shrewsbury. |
|
Jun. 18 Capel Curig, Bangor,
Caernarvon, Capel Curig, ten
days. |
|
Jul. 18 to London. |
|
Jul. 24 CD and ED first saw
Down House, slept
at inn. |
|
Sep. 14 ED slept at Down House. |
|
Sep. 17 CD slept at Down House. |
1843 |
Jul. 8 Maer and
Shrewsbury one week.
|
|
Oct. 12 Shrewsbury ten days. |
1844 |
Apr. 23 to Maer and
Shrewsbury.
|
|
May 30 to Down House. |
|
Oct.
18-29 Shrewsbury. |
1845 |
Apr. 29-May 10
Shrewsbury.
|
|
May 11 Down House. |
|
Sept. 15
Shrewsbury, Beesby (CD's farm), Manchester to visit W. Herbert, Walton
Hall to visit C. Waterton, Chatsworth, Camphill to visit Sarah
Elizabeth W [I]. |
|
Oct. 26 to Down House. |
1846 |
Feb. 21-Mar. 2
Shrewsbury.
|
|
Jul. 21-Aug. 8 Shrewsbury. |
|
Sep. 9-16
Southampton for British Association. |
|
12 visited Portsmouth and Isle
of
Wight. |
|
13 Winchester and St Cross. |
|
14 Netley Abbey and
Southampton
Common. |
|
Sep. 22 day at Knole Park,
Sevenoaks with ED and Susan D. |
|
Oct.
London ten days in two visits. |
1847 |
Feb. 19-Mar. 4
Shrewsbury.
|
|
Jun. 22-Jun. 30 Oxford for
British
Association, visited Newnham Courtney, Dropmore, Burnham Beeches. |
1848
|
Mar. end of to London. |
|
May 17 to Shrewsbury. |
|
Jun. 1 to Downe. |
|
Jul. 22 week at Swanage by
Wareham and Corfe Castle. |
|
Jul. 29 to Poole
in Sir William Symonds's yacht, morning in New Forest. |
|
Oct. 10 to Shrewsbury. |
|
Oct. 25 to Downe. |
|
Nov. 13 CD's father died, CD
unable to go to funeral. |
|
Nov. 17-26 at Shrewsbury with
Erasmus. |
|
Nov. 26
to Downe. |
1849 |
Mar. 10-Jun. 30
Malvern Wells with whole family and servants
(CD's first hydropathic visit).
|
|
Sep. 11-21 Birmingham for
British
Association, day visit to Malvern. |
1850 |
Jun. 11-18 Malvern
Wells.
|
|
Aug. 10-16 Leith Hill Place to
visit
Josiah W [III]. |
|
Oct. 14-21 Hartfield, Sussex,
The
Ridge to visit Sarah
Elizabeth W [II]. |
|
18 Ramsgate for the day. |
1851 |
Mar. 24-31 Malvern
with Anne Elizabeth D.
|
|
Apr. 16-24 Malvern
with Anne Elizabeth D who died there on 23. |
|
Jul. 30-Aug. 9 London 7 Park
St to see Great Exhibition. |
1852 |
Mar. 24-Apr. 15
Rugby one day to see William Erasmus D at school then to Barlaston,
Betley and
Shrewsbury to his
sister Susan.
|
|
Sep. 11-16 Leith Hill Place,
home
by Godstone and
Reigate. |
[page] 102
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY, continued. |
1853 |
Jul. 14-Aug. 4
Eastbourne with family, to Brighton and
Hastings on day visits. |
|
Aug. 13-16 The Hermitage near
Woking to visit
Henry Allen W with ED, George Howard D and Henrietta Emma D, visited
military camp for Crimean war at Chobham. |
1854 |
Jan. visited London.
|
|
Mar. 13-17 The Ridge, Hartfield,
Sussex. |
|
Jul. 13-15 The Ridge, Hartfield,
Sussex. |
|
Oct. 9-14 Leith Hill Place. |
|
Dec. 1 in London for breakfast. |
1855 |
Jan. 18-Feb. 15
London,
27 York Place, Baker St.
|
|
Sep. 10-18
Glasgow for British Association with ED. |
|
Sep. 19 slept Carlisle. |
|
Sep. 20
to Shrewsbury by Rugby. |
|
Sep. 22 to Down House. |
1856 |
Sep. 13-18 Leith
Hill
Place. |
1857 |
Apr. 22-May 5 Moor
Park Hydro.
|
|
Jun. 16-29 Moor Park Hydro. |
|
27
visited Selborne. |
|
Nov. 5-12 Moor Park Hydro. |
|
Nov. 16-20 London. |
1858 |
Apr. 20-May 3 Moor
Park.
|
|
Jul. 9-13 The Ridge, Hartfield. |
|
Jul.
17-26 via Portsmouth, Sandown, Isle of Wight, King's Head Hotel with
family. |
|
Jul. 26-Aug. 12 Norfolk House,
Shanklin, Isle of Wight. |
|
Oct. 25-31 Moor
Park. |
1859 |
Feb. 5-18 Moor Park.
|
|
May 21-28 Moor Park. |
|
Jul. 19-26 Moor
Park. |
|
Aug. 20-23 Leith Hill Place. |
|
Oct. 2-Dec. 7 Wells Terrace,
Ilkley (CD
there when Origin published). |
|
Dec. 8-9 London. |
1860 |
Feb. 27-Mar. 3
London.
|
|
Apr. 14 London. |
|
Jun. 28-Jul. 6 Sudbrook
Park, Petersham, Surrey. |
|
Jul. 10-Aug. 1 The Ridge,
Hartfield. |
|
Sep. 22-Nov. 10 15 Marine
Parade,
Eastbourne. |
1861 |
Apr. 1-4 London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
Jul. 1-Aug. 26 2 Hesketh
Terrace, Torquay. |
|
Nov. 21 London. |
1862 |
Apr. 1-4, London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
May 15-21 Leith Hill Place. |
|
Aug. 12-31 1 Carlton Terrace,
Southampton. |
|
Sep. 1-27 Cliff Cottage,
Bournemouth. |
|
Sep. 29 London, Queen Anne St. |
1863 |
Feb. 4-14 London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
Apr. 27-May ?10 Hartfield. |
|
May
?11-14 Leith Hill Place. |
|
Sep. 2-Oct. 13 Malvern Wells. |
1864 |
Aug. 25-?31 London,
4
Chester Place. |
[page] 103
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY, continued. |
1865 |
Nov. 8-?17 London,
Queen Anne St. |
1866 |
Apr. 21-May 4
London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
May 29-Jun. 2 Leith Hill
Place. |
|
Nov. 22-29 London, Queen Anne St. |
1867 |
Feb. 13-21 London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
Jun. 17-24 London, Queen
Anne St. |
|
Sep. 18-24 London, Queen Anne St. |
|
Nov. 28-Dec. 3 London, Queen
Anne St. |
1868 |
Mar. 3-9 London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
Mar. 10-31 London, 4 Chester
Place (Sarah Elizabeth W [II]). |
|
Jul. 16 Bassett, Southampton on
way to
Isle of Wight. |
|
Jul. 17-Aug. 20 Dumbola Lodge,
Freshwater, Isle of Wight. |
1869 |
Feb. 16-24 London,
Queen Anne St,
|
|
Jun. 10 Shrewsbury on way
to Barmouth. |
|
Jun. 11-29 Caerdeon, Barmouth,
North Wales, to recuperate
from fall from his pony Tommy. |
|
Jun. 30 Stafford on way home. |
|
Nov. 1-9
London, Queen Anne St. |
1870 |
Mar. 5-10 London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
May 20-24 Bull Hotel,
Cambridge. |
|
Jun. 24-Jul. 1 London, Queen
Anne
St. |
|
Aug. 13-26 Bassett,
Southampton. |
|
Oct. 13-20 Leith Hill Place. |
|
Dec. 8-14 London, Queen Anne St. |
1871 |
Feb. 23-Mar. 2
London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
Apr. 1-5 London, Queen
Anne St. |
|
May 11-19 Bassett, Southampton. |
|
Jun. 24-30 London, Queen Anne
St. |
|
Jul. 28-Aug. 24 Haredene,
Albury,
Guildford, family holiday. |
|
Nov.
3-10 Leith Hill Place. |
|
Dec. 12-22 London, Queen Anne St. |
1872 |
Feb. 13-Mar. 21
London, 9 Devonshire St, a rented house.
|
|
Jun. 8-20 Bassett, Southampton |
|
Aug. 13-21 Leith Hill Place. |
|
Oct. 5-26
Sevenoaks Common (Horace D had lodgings in Sevenoaks). |
|
Dec. 17-23
London, Queen Anne St. |
1873 |
Mar. 15-Apr. 10
London, 15 Montague St, a rented house.
|
|
Jun. 4-12 Leith Hill Place. |
|
Aug. 5-9 Abinger Hall visiting
Sir
Thomas Farrer. |
|
Aug. 10-21 Bassett, Southampton. |
|
Nov. 8-18 London, 4
Bryanston St visiting R. B. Litchfield who had recently married
Henrietta Emma D. |
1874 |
Jan. 10-17 London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
Apr. 21-29 London, 4
Bryanston St. |
|
Jul. 25-30 Abinger Hall. |
|
Jul. 31-Aug. 24 Bassett,
Southampton. |
|
Dec. 3-12 London, 4 Bryanston St. |
1875 |
Mar. 31-Apr. 12
London, Queen Anne St and Bryanston St.
|
|
Jun. 3-Jul. 5 Abinger Hall. |
|
Aug. 28-Sep. 11 Bassett,
Southampton. |
|
Nov. 4-5
London, Queen Anne St (for Vivisection
Commission). |
|
Dec. 10-20 London, Bryanston St. |
[page] 104
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY, continued. |
1876 |
Feb. 3-5 London,
Queen Anne St. |
|
Apr. 27-May 3 London, Queen Anne
St. |
|
May 6-Jun. 6 Hopedene, Dorking
(home of Hensleigh W). |
|
Jun. 7-9
Hollycombe, Midhurst (home of Sir John Hawkshaw). |
|
Oct. 4-6
Leith Hill Place. |
|
Oct. 7-19 Bassett, Southampton. |
|
Dec. ? London to
Royal Society. |
1877 |
Jan. 6-15 London,
Bryanston St.
|
|
Apr. 12-28 London, Bryanston St
then Queen Anne St. |
|
Jun. 8-12 Leith Hill Place. |
|
Jun. 13-Jul. 3 Bassett,
Southampton, visited Stonehenge. |
|
Aug. 20-25 Abinger Hall. |
|
Oct. 26-29
London, Queen Anne St. |
|
Nov. 16-18 Cambridge for award
of Hon.LL.D. |
1878 |
Jan. 17-23 London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
Feb. 27-Mar. 5 London,
Bryanston St. |
|
Apr. 27-May 3 Bassett,
Southampton. |
|
Jun. 7-?14 Leith Hill
Place and Abinger Hall. |
|
Jun. ?15 Barlaston to visit
Francis W. |
|
Nov. 21-26 London, Bryanston St. |
1879 |
Feb. 27-Mar. 5
London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
May 6-7 Worthing to see
Anthony Rich. |
|
May 8-20 Bassett, Southampton. |
|
May 21-25 Leith Hill
Place. |
|
Jun. 26 London, Queen Anne St. |
|
Jun. 28-30 West Hackhurst,
Abinger
Hammer, home of Miss L. M. Forster. |
|
Aug. 1 London, Queen Anne St. |
|
Aug. 2-27 Coniston, Lake
District, family holiday, 1 day expedition to
Grasmere. |
|
Dec. 2-12 London, 5 days
Bryanston St, 5 days Queen Anne St. |
1880 |
Mar. 4-8 London,
Queen Anne St.
|
|
Apr. 8-13 Abinger Hall with
Horace D and his wife Emma Cecilia (Ida) Farrer. |
|
May 25-Jun. 8 Bassett,
Southampton. |
|
Aug. 14-18 Cambridge, Botolph
Lane to visit his sons. |
|
Aug. 19-20 London, Queen Anne St. |
|
Oct. 20-Nov. 2 London Bryanston
St. |
|
Dec. 7-10 London, Queen Anne St. |
|
Dec. 11-14 Leith Hill Place. |
1881 |
Feb. 24-Mar. 3
London,
Bryanston St.
|
|
Jun. 2-Jul. 4 Glenrhydding
House, Patterdale, Ullswater. |
|
Aug. 3-5 London, Queen Anne St. |
|
Sep. 8-10
West Worthing Hotel, Worthing, Sussex, visiting Anthony Rich. |
|
Oct. 20-27
Cambridge, stayed with Horace D. |
|
Dec. 18-20 London, Bryanston St. |
1882 |
CD did not leave
Down House in this last year of his life. |
[page] 105
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
|
|
|
|
MANUSCRIPTS: |
|
Much material which was left in
manuscript at CD's death
has been published since. Most of it was never intended for publication
and is in note or abbreviated form, although some is from early drafts
of what he hoped eventually to prepare for the press. The
autobiographical manuscripts have been considered above and published
letters will be found in the main sequence. Other mss material which
has been published will also be found in the main sequence under brief
title, but is summarized here in date order of first publication: |
1882 |
In George J. Romanes, Animal
intelligence, contains
extracts from CD's notes on behaviour, published with his permission
and in press before his death. |
1883 |
In George J. Romanes, Mental
evolution in animals,
contains an appendix which is from chapter 10 of the 2nd part of CD's
intended big book on evolution. See also Stauffer, 1975. |
1885 |
Über die Wege der
Hummel-Männchen, in Gesammelte kleinere
Schriften, 2:84-88 (F1584, 1602). See also Freeman 1968
below. |
1909 |
The foundations of The
origin of species, a sketch written
in 1842, transcribed and edited by Francis D. Printed for
private distribution. |
1909 |
The foundations of The
origin of species, Two essays
written in 1842 and 1844, transcribed and edited by Francis D.
Published edition. The sketch of 1842 is from the same setting of type
as previous entry. |
1933 |
Charles Darwin's diary of
the voyage on H.M.S. Beagle,
transcribed and edited by Nora Barlow. |
1959 |
Darwin's journal, Bull.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),
hist. Ser., 2:1-21. Transcribed by G. R. de Beer. There is a Russian
translation of an earlier and independent transcription by S. L.
Sobol', 1957. |
1960-1967 |
Darwin's notebooks on
transmutation of species, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),
hist. Ser., 2:23-73, 75-113, 119-150, 151-183, 185-200; 3:129-176.
Transcribed and edited by G. R. de Beer, M. J. Rowlands and B.
Skramovsky. Notebooks B-E. 1962 Coral islands, Atoll. Res. Bull.,
No. 88, transcribed by D. R. Stoddart. |
1963 |
Darwin's ornithological notes, Bull.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist),
hist. Ser., 2:201-278, transcribed by Nora Barlow. |
[page] 106
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. MANUSCRIPTS, continued.
|
1963 |
Darwin's manuscript of
pangenesis, Brit. J. Hist. Sci.,
1:251-263, transcribed by R. C. Olby. |
1968 |
Charles Darwin on the routes of
male humble bees, Bull. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 3:177-189. Translation of 1885
German
paper above, with transcription of field notes by R. B. Freeman. |
1974 |
Howard E. Gruber, Darwin on
man, contains
transcription of M & N notebooks on behaviour, with other mss, by
Paul H. Barrett. |
1975 |
R. C. Stauffer, Charles
Darwin's Natural selection,
transcribed from what was intended by CD to be Part 2 of his big book
on evolution, Variation under domestication being Part 1. |
1980 |
Charles Darwin's red notebook, Bull.
Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.),
hist. Ser., 7: transcribed by S. Herbert. Contains CD's earliest notes
on evolution, covering the period June 1836-June 1837. |
|
|
|
MEDALS: |
1864 |
Copley (Royal Society), CD was
proposed in 1862 but
failed. |
1879 |
Baly (Royal College of
Physicians). |
1853 |
Royal (Royal Society). |
1859 |
Wollaston (Geological Society),
which from 1846-1860 was
made of palladium. |
|
|
|
ORDER: |
1867 |
Pour le Mérite, Prussia. |
|
|
|
PRIZE: |
1879 |
Bressa, Reale Accademia della
Scienze, Turin. 12,000
francs. CD gave £100 from it to the Zoologische Station at Naples. |
|
|
|
RELIGION: |
1809 |
Baptism, Nov. 17 at St Chad,
Shrewsbury, by Rev. Thomas
Stedman. |
|
Confirmation: no evidence
available from Shrewsbury School, the
sacrament perhaps being neglected at the time, although Dr Butler was
an appointed catechist. |
|
CD's religious views are
summarized in LLi -304-317.
Francis D states "My father spoke little on these subjects, and I can
contribute nothing from my own recollection". |
|
CD considered religious
views to be a deeply personal matter and took great pains not to offend
ED. |
1836-1839 |
"Whilst aboard the Beagle
I was quite orthodox". "But I
had gradually come by this time, i.e. 1836-1839, to see that
the Old Testament was no more to be trusted than the sacred books of
the Hindoos". |
1879 |
CD to Fordyce, "In my most
extreme fluctuations I
have never been an Atheist in the sense of denying the existence of a
God. I think that generally (and more and more as I grow older), but
not always, that an Agnostic would be the more correct description of
my state of mind"—Aspects of scepticism, 1883. |
1881 |
CD
discussed his views with Aveling who published what he thought CD meant
in The religious views of Charles Darwin,
Freethought Publishing Company, 1883: Francis D
felt that Aveling had misunderstood. |
|
For CD's imaginary deathbed
conversion to a fundamentalist orthodoxy see Atkins, 51-52,
and for his fictitious book on the subject, My apology for my
unformed ideas, see Freeman, 18-19. |
[page] 107
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
|
|
|
|
SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP: |
|
As was customary, CD joined
those London
societies whose meetings might be of interest to him, although, after
he left London in 1842, his attendance at their meetings was
infrequent. |
1833 |
He was a founder member of the
Entomological Society in
1833.
|
1839 and
before
|
He joined the Zoological Society
as a corresponding member in 1831 before the Beagle
left England, becoming a Fellow in 1839. |
1836 |
As soon as he returned in 1836
he joined the Geological Society. |
|
Became a member of The Shropshire and North Wales Natural History and Antiquarian Society. |
1838-1841
|
He was Honorary Secretary of the
Geological Society from
1838 Feb. 16 to 1841 Feb. 19. |
1838 |
He added the Geographical Society in 1838. |
1839 |
He was elected to the Royal Society in 1839 Jan. 24, at the age of 29. |
1850,
1855 |
He served on the Council of the
Royal Society in 1850-1851 and again in 1855-1856. |
1854 |
He did not join the Linnean until 1854, and then apparently largely so
that he could get books by post from its excellent library. |
1861 |
Finally he joined the Ethnological Society in 1861. |
|
He used the periodical publications of all these societies, except those of the Shropshire, Entomological
and Ethnological Societies, for his own papers. |
|
His Honorary
memberships included: |
1840 |
The Shropshire and North Wales Natural History and Antiquarian Society, |
1861 |
the Royal Society of Edinburgh, |
|
the Royal Medical
Society of Edinburgh of which he was particulary proud for he had been
an ordinary member when a medical student there, |
|
and the Royal Irish
Academy. |
1862
|
He was an Honorary Fellow of the
Anthropological Society from foundation in 1862.
|
|
He was an Honorary of 13
societies in the
Americas and of about 40 in
Europe. |
|
Of local natural history
societies in England he was elected
to only two: |
1877 |
the Watford Natural History
Society, later the
Hertfordshire, in 1877, |
1880 |
and the Epping Field Club, later
the Essex, in
1880. |
|
Almost all these are listed by
countries in LLiii 373-376, but
their titles are sometimes translated into English. The following list
is in alphabetical order with names in the original languages: |
1878 |
Academia Nacional de Ciencias de
la Republica Argentina, Cordova.
CD Honorary Member 1878. |
1857 |
Academia Caesarea
Leopoldino-Carolina Germanica Naturae Curiosorum.
CD Honorary Member 1857, cognomen Forster. |
1867 |
Academia Scientiarum Imperialis
Petropolitana (Imperatorskaya Akademiya Nauk). CD Corresponding Member
1867. |
[page] 108
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP, continued.
|
1870 |
Académie Royale
des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgiques, CD Associate
1870. |
1868 |
Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia, CD Correspondent 1868. |
1873 |
American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, Boston, CD Foreign Honorary
Member 1873. |
1869 |
American Philosophical Society,
Philadelphia, CD Member 1869. |
1862
|
Anthropological Society,
Honorary Fellow from foundation in 1862. |
1872 |
Anthropologische Gesellschaft,
Vienna, CD Honorary Member 1872. |
1871 |
Asiatic Society of Bengal,
Calcutta, CD Honorary Member 1871. |
1877 |
Berliner Gesellschaft für
Anthropologie, CD Corresponding Member
1877. |
1873 |
Boston Society of Natural
History, CD Honorary Member 1873. |
1872 |
California Academy of Sciences,
CD Honorary Member 1872. |
1877 |
California State Geological
Society, CD Corresponding Member 1877. |
1863 |
Canterbury [New Zealand]
Philosophical Institute, CD Honorary
Member, 1863. |
1833 |
Entomological Society of London,
CD original Member 1833. |
1880 |
Epping Field Club, CD Honorary
Member 1880. |
1861 |
Ethnological Society of London,
CD Fellow 1861. |
1878 |
Franklin Literary Society,
Indiana, CD Honorary Member 1878. |
1879 |
Gabinete Portuguiz de Leitura,
Pernambuco, CD Corresponding Member
1879. |
1836 |
Geological Society of London, CD
Fellow 1836. |
1877 |
Institucion Libre de Enseñanza,
Madrid, CD Honorary Professor 1877. |
1878 |
Institut de France, CD
Correspondent, Section of Botany 1878. |
1867 |
Kaiserliche-Koenigliche
Zoologische-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna,
CD Honorary Member 1867. |
1871, 1875 |
Kaiserliche Akademie der
Wissenschaften, Vienna, CD Corresponding
Member 1871, Honorary Foreign Member 1875. |
1878 |
Koeniglich-Bayerische Akademie
der Wissenschaften, Munich, CD
Foreign Member 1878. |
[page] 109
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP, continued.
|
1863, 1878 |
Koeniglich-Preussiche Akademie
der Wissenschaften, Berlin, CD
Corresponding Member 1863, Fellow 1878. |
1879 |
Kongeligt Dansk Videnskabernes
Selskab, Copenhagen, CD Fellow 1879. |
1865 |
Kongliga Svenska
Vetenskaps-Akadamien, Stockholm, CD Foreign Member
1865. |
1860 |
Kongliga Vetenskaps-Societeten,
Uppsala, CD Fellow 1860. |
1872 |
Koninklijke Akademie van
Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, CD Honorary
Fellow 1872. |
1880 |
Koninklinke Natuurkundige
Vereeniging in Nederlandische-Indie,
Batavia, CD Corresponding Member 1880. |
1854 |
Linnean Society of London, CD
Fellow 1854. |
1872 |
Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia,
Budapest, CD Member 1872. |
1868 |
Manchester Literary and
Philosophical Society, CD Honorary Member
1868. |
1878 |
Medicinische-Naturwissenschaftliche
Gesellschaft zu Jena, CD
Honorary Member 1878. |
1868 |
Medico-Chirurgical Society of
London, CD Honorary Member 1868. |
1879 |
Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu
Halle, CD Honorary Member 1879. |
1879 |
New York Academy of Sciences, CD
Honorary Member 1879. |
1879 |
New Zealand Institute, CD
Honorary Member 1872. |
1875 |
Real Accademia dei Lincei, CD
foreign Member 1875. |
1873 |
Reale Accademia della Scienze,
Turin, CD Honorary Member 1873. |
1838 |
Royal Geographical Society, CD
Fellow 1838. |
1866 |
Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, CD
Honorary Member 1866. |
1873 |
Royal Medical Society,
Edinburgh, CD Member 1826-1827, Honorary
Member 1861. |
1839 |
Royal Society, London, CD Fellow
1839 Jan. 24. |
1865 |
Royal Society of Edinburgh, CD
Fellow 1865. |
1879 |
Royal Society of New South
Wales, Sydney, CD Honorary Member 1879. |
1878 |
Schlesische Gesellschaft für
Vaterlandische Cultur, Breslau, CD
Honorary Member 1878. |
1873 |
Senkenbergische Naturforschende
Gesellschaft, Frankfurt-am-Main, CD
Corresponding Member 1873. |
1877 |
Siebenburgische Verein für
Naturwissenschaften, Hermannstadt, CD
Honorary Member 1877. |
[page] 110
|
|
Darwin,
Charles Robert, 1809-1882. SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP, continued.
|
1877 |
Sociedad Cientifica Argentina,
Buenos Aires, CD Honorary Member 1877. |
1860 |
Sociedad de Naturalistas
Neo-Granadinos, CD Honorary Member 1860. |
1874 |
Sociedad Zoológica Argentina,
Cordova, CD Honorary Member 1874. |
1877 |
Sociedade de Geographia de
Lisboa, CD Corresponding Member 1877. |
1875 |
Società dei Naturalisti in
Modena, CD Honorary Member 1875. |
1870 |
Società Geografica Italiana,
Florence, CD Honorary Member 1870. |
1872 |
Società Italiana di Antropologia
e di Etnologia, Florence, CD
Honorary Member 1872. |
1880 |
Società La Scuola Italica
Pitagorica, Rome, CD Presidente Onorario
1880. |
1870 |
Societas Caesarea Naturae
Curiosorum (Société Imperiale des
Naturalistes), Moscow, CD Honorary Member 1870. |
1871 |
Société d'Anthropologie, Paris,
CD Foreign Member 1871. |
1863 |
Société des Sciences Naturelles,
Neuchatel, CD Corresponding Member
1863. |
1874 |
Société Entomologiques, Paris,
CD Honorary Member 1874. |
1837 |
Société Géologiques, Paris, CD
Life Member 1837. |
1877 |
Société Hollandaise des Sciences
à Haarlem (Hollandische
Maatschappij der Wetenschappen), CD Foreign Member 1877. |
1881 |
Société Royale de Botanique de
Belgique, Brussels, CD Associate
Member 1881. |
1878 |
Société Royale des Sciences
Médicales et Naturelles, Brussels, CD
Honorary Member 1878. |
1875 |
Society of Naturalists of the
Imperial Kazan University
(Obschchestvo Estestvoispuitateleî pri Imperatorskon Kasanskom
Universitetys), CD Honorary Member 1875. |
1877 |
Watford Natural History Society,
CD Honorary Member 1877. |
1877 |
Zeeuwsch Genootschap der
Wetenschappen te Middleburg, CD Foreign
Member 1877. |
1831, 1839 |
Zoological Society of London, CD
Corresponding Member 1831, Fellow
1839. |
|
|
|
STAMPS: |
1935 |
Commemorative issue
by Ecuador, centenary of CD's visit; 2, 5, 10 and 20 centavos, with
map, marine iguana, giant tortoise and head of CD respectively. |
1958 |
Great Britain, no CD stamps
before 1982, but cancel, called
special slogan, London, South Kensington, S.W.7. used Jul.and
Aug. 1958 only "1958 / CENTENARY OF / DARWIN & WALLACE / EVOLUTION
THEORY / 1958—D. W. Tucker Gibbons Stamp Monthly 1958 Jul. |
1959 |
USSR, 40k portrait. |
1959 |
Csechoslovakia, 3k portrait. |
|
Cocos
Keeling to commemorate visit of Beagle
1836. |
[page] 111
|
|
"Darwin's
bull-dog" |
1871 |
"I am Darwin's bull-dog" he once
said. 1871 Nov. 2 Huxley to Haeckel, "The dogs have been barking at his
heels too much of late"—Life of Huxley, 2nd edition, ii 62. |
Darwin's
Farm, at Beesby, Lincolnshire q.v. |
Darwin's
Finches |
1942 |
The sub-family Geospizinae of
the Galapagos Is. Coined1 by Robert T. Orr, Bull.
N.Y. Zool. Soc.,
45:42-45, 1942. |
1947 |
Used by David Lack, Proc.
Zool.
Soc. Lond.,
pt. 5, No. 53, 49, 1944, and title of his book 1947. |
Darwin's
"Hero" |
|
CD's name for an exceptionally
vigorous plant of morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) in Cross
and self fertilisation. Heading chapter 15 in Allan. |
Darwin's
Peak |
|
Another name for Angulus
woolneri
q.v., see also Nature, Lond., Apr. 6 1871. |
"Darwin's
True Knight" |
|
Hooker's description of
Wallace. |
Darwin's
window |
|
A window in Hooker's retirement
house at Sunningdale, so-called because CD suggested its insertion on
seeing the plans, to improve the view of the garden. |
Darwin,
Colonel Charles Waring [I], 1855 Aug. 28-1928
Aug. 1. |
|
CD's remote cousin. Head of the
senior branch of the D family, of Elston Hall. |
1894 |
Married Mary Dorothea Wharton. |
Darwin,
Charles Waring [II], 1856 Dec. 6-1858 summer. |
|
Tenth and last child of CD.
Died of scarlet fever, ?had Down's syndrome. "He had never learnt to
walk or talk"—EDii 162. |
Darwin,
Charlotte Maria Cooper, 1827-1885. |
|
Child of
William Brown D. Married Francis Rhodes, later Darwin. CD's remote
cousin.
Last of the senior branch of family. Elston Hall, the family seat, was
left to her husband. |
Darwin,
Charlotte Mildred, see Massingberd. |
Darwin,
"Chucky", see Susan D. |
Darwin,
"Doddy", see William Erasmus D. |
Darwin,
"Dubsy", see Bernard Richard Meirion
D. |
Darwin,
Edward, 1782-1829. |
|
First child of Erasmus D [I] and
Elizabeth. Unmarried. CD's half uncle. Officer in 3rd Dragoon Guards.
Lived at Mackworth, Derbyshire. |
Darwin,
Edward Levett 1821-?. |
|
Second son of Sir
Francis Sacheverel D. CD's half first cousin. |
1858 |
Author on sporting
matters under pseudonym "High Elms"; The game-preservers manual,
1858. |
1858 |
CD of The game-preservers
manual, "shows keen observation and knowledge of various animals"—
Woodall p. 4.
|
Darwin,
Elinor Mary, see Monsell. |
Darwin,
Elizabeth [I], 1725-1800. |
|
Second child of Robert D. CD's
great-aunt. |
1751 |
Married Rev. Thomas
Hall, Rector of Westborough, Lincolnshire. |
Darwin,
Elizabeth [II], see Collier. |
1 In
fact the phrase was
coined by Percy Lowe in 1935. See P. R. Lowe. 1936. The finches of the
Galapagos in relation to Darwin's conception of species. Ibis
pp. 310-21, p. 310.
[page] 112
|
|
Darwin,
Elizabeth [III], 1763-1764. |
|
Third child of Erasmus D [I] and
Mary Howard. CD's aunt. |
Darwin,
Elizabeth [IV], see Hill. |
Darwin,
Elizabeth [V], see St Croix. |
Darwin,
Elizabeth [VI] 1847 Jul. 8-1926. |
|
Sixth child of CD. Unmarried.
Known as "Bessy". "Very stout and nervous...not good at
practical things...and she could not have managed her own life
without a little help and direction...but she was shrewd enough... and
a very good judge of character"—Period Piece, 146-147. |
|
"If family legend be true, my
aunt Bessy when
young had looked into the drawing-room at Down and flounced out again
with the words 'Nothing but nasty, beastly boys'"—Bernard D p. 40. |
Darwin,
Elizabeth, see Susan Elizabeth D,
CD's sister. |
Darwin,
Elizabeth Frances, see Fraser. |
Darwin,
Ellen Wordsworth, see Crofts. |
Darwin,
Emily Catherine, 1810 May 10-1866 Feb. 2. |
|
Sixth child
of Robert Waring D. CD's sister.
Known as "Catty". "Had neither good health nor good spirits"—EDii 180.
"Failed to work out her capabilities either for her own happiness or
that of others (perhaps)"—EDii 184. CD's sisters, after their mother's
death, ran an
infants
school in the grounds of Millington's Hospital, Frankwell—Woodall
p. 14. |
1834 |
Jul. 20 CD addresses her as
"Katty"—CD and
Beagle pp 100-4. |
1863
|
Married Charles Langton as
second
wife, d.s.p. |
Darwin,
Emma, see Wedgwood. |
Darwin,
Emma
|
1904 |
[Mrs] H. E. Litchfield editor, Emma
Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin. A century of family letters, 2
vols, Cambridge (F1552), 250 copies printed for family and friends. |
1915 |
Emma Darwin. A century of
family letters, 1792-1896, 2
vols, London (F1553), text as 1904 with some alterations. |
1915 |
USA from
stereos (F1554). |
Darwin,
Emma Cecilia, see Farrer. |
Darwin,
Emma Georgina Elizabeth, 1784-1818. |
|
Third child of
Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth. Unmarried. CD's half aunt. |
Darwin,
Emma Nora, 1885 Dec. 22-1989. |
|
Third child of Sir
Horace D. CD's
grand-daughter. Known as Nora. |
1911
|
Married Sir James Alan
Noel Barlow, Bart. 2 daughters, 4 sons: 1. Joan Helen, 2. Thomas
Erasmus, 3. Erasmus Darwin, 4. Andrew Dalmahoy, 5. Hilda Horatia, 6.
Horace Basil. Grandchild Phyllida. |
1933 |
Editor Diary of the voyage
of
the Beagle (F1566). |
1945 |
Charles Darwin and the
voyage of the
Beagle (F1571). |
1963 |
Darwin's ornithological notes, Bull.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 2:201-278 (F1577). |
1967 |
Darwin and
Henslow (F1598). |
Darwin,
Erasmus [I], 1731 Dec. 12-1802 Apr. 17. |
|
Physician and scientist.
Fourth child of Robert D. Born at Elston Hall, Nottinghamshire. CD's
grandfather. |
|
Biography: DNB; Seward, 1804;
Dowson, 1861; Krause and CD,
1879; Pearson, 1930; King-Hele, 1963, 1977. |
1756-1781 |
Practised at Lichfield.
|
1757 |
Married 1 Mary Howard. 4 sons, 1
daughter:
1. Charles, 2. Erasmus, 3. Elizabeth, 4. Robert Waring, 5. William
Alvey. |
1761 |
FRS. |
1781 |
Married 2 Elizabeth Chandos Pole
née Collier. 4 sons, 3 daughters. 1. Edward,
2. Frances Anne Violetta, 3. Emma Georgina Elizabeth, 4. Francis
Sacheverel, 5. John, 6. Henry, 7. Harriet. |
|
He also had two illegitimate
daughters, their names and mother unrecorded, the Misses Parker. |
1781-1783 |
Radburn Hall, Derby. |
1783-1802
|
Full St, Derby. |
1802 |
Breadsall
Priory, Derby, where his relict continued to live until her death
1832. |
|
Main works: |
1790,
1791 |
Botanic garden |
1794, 1796 |
Zoonomia |
1800 |
Phytologia |
1803 |
Temple of nature |
|
Portraits: two in oils, one
by Joseph Wright of Derby in National Portrait Gallery, London, one by
Rawlinson of Derby in Derby Museum. |
|
Medallion in Lichfield Cathedral
after Wright portrait. |
|
His commonplace book is now at
Down House. |
1813 |
The
genus Darwinia Rudge, 1813, was named for D, (Myrtaceae)
about
twenty-five species of Australian heath-like shrubs. Darwinia
Rafinesque 1817 and Darwinia Dennstedt 1818 are junior
homonyms. |
[page] 113
|
|
Darwin,
Erasmus |
|
Krause's paper first appeared in
German in Kosmos, 3, 1879
Feb., but his text was revised for the translation. This book started
the one-sided row with Samuel Butler. B's copy with mss notes is in the
British Library. |
1879 |
Ernst Krause, Erasmus
Darwin...with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin
(F1319), CD's notice, 1-127, is longer than Krause essay on D's
scientific work. |
1887 |
The life of Erasmus
Darwin (F1321), sheets of the first edition with new preface. |
|
First foreign editions of CD's
notice: |
1880 |
German
(F1323). |
1959 |
Russian (F1324). |
1971 |
Facsimile (F1322). |
Darwin,
Erasmus [II], 1759-1799.
|
|
Second child of Erasmus [I] and
Mary. Unmarried. CD's uncle. Solicitor and genealogist.
Committed
suicide by drowning. |
Darwin,
Erasmus [III], 1881 Dec. 7-1915 Apr. 24. |
|
First child of Sir
Horace D.
Unmarried. CD's grandson, the second of
the two born
in CD's lifetime. Director Cambridge Instrument Co. Obituary in Emma
Darwin ii-vi, 1915. |
1915
|
Killed at Ypres. |
Darwin,
Erasmus Alvey, 1804 Dec. 29-1881
Aug. 26.
|
|
Fourth child
of Robert Waring D. Unmarried. CD's only brother. Known as "Ras".
Trained
as a
physician at Edinburgh but never practised. Invalid. |
|
Nicknamed "Bones" at school
because tall, thin and delicate—Brent p. 28. Also known as "John" and
"Strol" at school for unknown reasons—CCD I p. 10.
|
1835 |
Autumn, took 43 Great
Marlborough St house. Also at 24 Regent St, 7 Park St, 6 Queen Anne
St. |
1849
|
Trustee Bedford
College, University of London from its foundation, see Bedford
Coll. Mag., 1902 Jun. |
1859 |
Nov. D to CD "In fact the à
priori
reasoning is so entirely satisfactory to me that if the facts won't fit
in, why so much worse for the facts is my feeling"—LLii 234. |
1881 |
CD to Sir Thomas
Farrer, "He was not I think a happy man"—MLi
395. |
|
"He had something of original
and sarcastically ingenious in him, one of the
sincerest, naturally truest, and most modest of men"—Carlyle, Reminiscences,
ii 208.
|
|
His only recorded staff were
Surman, his secretary, and Pearce, his
manservant.
|
1881 |
Buried Sep. 1 in Downe
Churchyard. |
[page] 114
|
|
Darwin,
"Etty", see Henrietta Emma D. |
Darwin,
Florence Henrietta, see Fisher. |
Darwin,
Frances, see Fraser. |
Darwin,
Frances Anne Violetta, 1783-1874. |
|
Second child of
Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth. CD's half great-aunt. |
1807 |
Married Samuel Tertius Galton.
Sons: Darwin Galton and Francis Galton.
|
Darwin,
Frances Crofts, 1886 Mar. 30-1960. |
|
Only child of Sir
Francis D and Ellen. CD's granddaughter. |
|
Married Francis Macdonald
Cornford. Mother of Francis
Cornford, the poet. |
Darwin,
Francis [I], see Rhodes. |
Darwin,
Sir Francis [II], 1848 Aug. 16-1925 Sep. 19. |
|
Botanist. Seventh child of CD.
Known as "Baccy", "Frank" and "Franky". Assisted CD with his
botanical work, including drawing figures of Aldrovanda and Utricularia
for Insectivorous plants. DNB
WWH. |
1860
|
Educated Clapham Grammar School.
|
1867
|
Trinity College, Cambridge.
|
|
Qualified as a physician but did
not
practice. |
1874 |
Married 1 Amy Richenda Ruck. 1
son Bernard Richard
Meirion. On first marriage lived at vicarage Downe. After first
wife's death, moved into Down House with infant son. Wintered until
second
marriage with ED in Cambridge, then 80 Huntingdon Rd. The house at 80
Huntingdon Rd was called
Wychfield and was built for FD. |
1882 |
FRS. |
1883
|
Married 2 Ellen Crofts. 1
daughter Frances Crofts. |
|
Married 3 Florence Henrietta
Fisher, s.p. During his third marriage, spent
spring and summer at a converted farmhouse at Brookthorpe,
Gloucestershire. It was
on
waste land which had belonged to her first husband Frederic William
Maitland. After death of third wife FD moved to 10
Madingley Rd. |
1887 |
Editor Life
and letters (F1452). |
1888-1904 |
FD was Reader
in
Botany Cambridge. |
1894 |
With E. H. Acton Physiology
of plants. |
1895 |
Main work: The elements of
botany. |
1903 |
Editor, with A. C. Seward, More
letters (F1548). |
1909 |
Editor Sketches of 1842 and
1844
(F1555, 1556). |
1913 |
Kt. |
1913-1920 |
The last essay in Springtime
contains lists of
plants and birds made at Brookthorpe, in date order. |
1917 |
Rural
sounds and other studies in literature and natural
history 231 pp, 1 pl., text figs, London, John Murray. |
1920 |
The
story of a childhood, 8vo, 71 pp,
privately printed, Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd 1920. Contains letters
from FD to Mrs Laurence Ruck, née Matthews, about her grandson Bernard
R. M. D.'s
childhood up to age 15. The letters were given back to FD on Mrs R's
death,. |
1929 |
Springtime
and other essays
8vo, 242 pp, John Murray. |
Darwin,
Sir Francis Sacheverel, 1786-1859. |
|
Physician and traveller. Fourth
child of Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth. Married
Jane Harriet
Ryle and had offspring, eldest son Reginald D. CD's half uncle. |
1820
|
Kt.
|
Darwin,
"Frank", "Franky", see Sir Francis D
[II]. |
Darwin,
"Gas", see Charles Robert D. |
Darwin,
Sir George Howard, 1845 Jul. 9-1912 Dec. 7. |
|
Mathematician. Fifth child of
CD. Interested in
heraldry in youth "the young herald"—MLi 287. Drew figures of Drosera
and Dionaea for Insectivorous plants. Trained as a
barrister but never practised. Plumian Professor of
Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy Cambridge. The only remaining
male line of CD's family comes
through him. Newnham Grange, Cambridge. Biography: DNB WWH. Francis D
in Vol. 5 of Scientific papers, 5 vols 1916. |
1856
|
16 Aug. Educated Clapham Grammar
School.
|
1865
|
Trinity College, Cambridge.
|
1868 |
Smith
Prize. |
1868 |
2nd Wrangler, Cambridge. |
1868
|
Fellow, Trinity.
|
1874
|
Barrister.
|
1879 |
FRS. |
1882 |
Inherited Down House. |
1884 |
Jul. 22 Married at Erie,
Pennsylvania,
Maud du Puy. 3 sons,
2 daughters. 1. Gwendolen Mary, 2. Charles Galton, 3. Margaret
Elizabeth, 4.
William Robert. Another son died in infancy—FD Rural sounds
p. 174..
|
1898 |
Main work: The
tides. |
1905 |
KCB. |
[page] 115
|
|
Darwin,
Georgina Elizabeth, 1823-before 1888. |
|
Child of Sir
Francis Sacheverel D. Married Rev. Benjamin Swift. Mother of
Francis Darwin Swift. CD's half cousin. |
Darwin,
"Granny", see Susan Elizabeth D. |
Darwin,
Gwendolen Mary, 1885 Aug. 26-1957. |
|
First child of Sir
George Howard D. Known as "Gwen", and as "The Genie" from boarding
school days.. Married Jacques Raverat. 2
daughters, Sophie and Elisabeth. CD's granddaughter. Artist,
trained at Slade School, University College London. |
1939 |
Illustrated published edition of
The bird
talisman. |
1952 |
Main work: Period
piece. |
Darwin,
Harriet, 1790-1825.
|
|
Seventh child of Erasmus D [I]
and
Elizabeth. |
1811 |
Married Admiral Thomas
James Malin, d.s.p at
Valparaiso. |
Darwin,
Harriot, see Henrietta Emma D. |
Darwin,
Henrietta Emma, 1843 Sep. 25-1927. |
|
Fourth child of CD. Was sickly
as a child.
Helped CD with writing Descent
of man—EDii 196. Did some editing of CD's part of Erasmus
Darwin—King-Hele 1977. CD's only married daughter. |
1856 |
When ill had breakfast in bed,
"she never got up to breakfast
again in all her life"—Period piece, in which chapter 7 gives
a
description of her valetudinarian habits. |
1861 |
CD to Hooker, "Poor H...she has
now come up to her old point, and can sometimes get up for
an hour or two twice a day"—LLii 360. |
1865 |
Known
as "Body", "Budgy", "Harriot" (she tried to use this name in 1865, ED
objected "the pertest of names"), "Rhadamanthus minor" or just
"Rhadamanthus" (by Huxley), "Trotty Veck", "Etty". |
1871 |
Married Aug. 31 R. B. Litchfield
d.s.p. |
1903 |
On death of husband moved to
Burrow's Hill,
Gomshall, Surrey. |
1904, 1915
|
Editor Emma Darwin,
1904 (F1552) and 1915 (F1553). |
Darwin,
Henry, ?-1590. |
|
Great-grandfather of Darwin
Stowe.
|
Darwin,
Henry, 1789-1790. |
|
Sixth child of Erasmus D [I] and
Elizabeth. CD's half uncle. |
Darwin,
Henry Galton |
|
Son of Sir Charles
Dalton D. Barrister Foreign Office. CMG. WW. |
1958 |
Married Jane
Sophia Christie. 3 daughters. |
Darwin,
Sir Horace, 1851 May 13-1928 Sep. 22. |
|
Ninth child of
CD. Known as "Jemmy" or "Skimp". 66 Hills Rd, Cambridge. The house
in Hills Rd was called The Orchard and built for HD on marriage. DNB
WWH. |
1880 |
Married Emma ("Ida") Cecilia
Farrer. 1 son, 2 daughters: 1. Erasmus [III], 2. Ruth
Frances, 3. Emma Nora. |
1885 |
Founder and Director of
Cambridge Instrument Co., Botolph Lane,
Cambridge. |
1896-1897 |
Mayor of Cambridge in jubilee
year. |
1903 |
FRS. |
1918 |
KBE. |
Darwin,
"Ida", see Emma Cecilia Farrer. |
[page] 116
|
|
Darwin,
Jane, see Brown. |
Darwin,
Jane Harriet, see Ryle. |
Darwin,
"Jemmy", see Sir Horace D. |
Darwin,
John [I], ?-1542. |
|
Brother of William D [II]. Ninth
generation uncle of CD. |
Darwin,
Rev. John [II], 1730-1805. |
|
Sixth child of Robert D.
Unmarried. CD's great-uncle. Rector of Elston, Lincolnshire. |
Darwin,
Rev. John [III], 1787-1818. |
|
Fifth child of Erasmus D
[I] and Elizabeth. Unmarried. CD's half-uncle. Rector of Elston,
Lincolnshire. |
Darwin,
Katherine, see Pember. |
Darwin,
"Kitty Kumplings", see Anne
Elizabeth D. |
Darwin,
Major Leonard, 1850 Jan. 15-1943 Mar. 26. |
|
Eighth child
of CD. 12 Egerton Place, Brompton Rd, London. Biography: M. Keynes
(niece),
Cambridge 1943. |
1870 |
Royal Engineers, commissioned
Dec. |
1874, 1882
|
Observed transits of Venus.
|
circa 1874 |
Photographed CD in basket chair
on verandah at Down
House, engraved for Century Mag. |
1882 |
Married 1 Elizabeth Frances
Fraser s.p. |
1883 |
Jan. photograph of CD also
occurs
printed on china. |
1890
|
Retired from army.
|
1892-1895 |
1892 Jul.-1895
Jul. MP Liberal-Unionist, for Lichfield. |
1895 |
Stood again but not
re-elected. |
1900 |
Married 2 Charlotte Mildred
Massingberd s.p. On second
marriage moved to Cripp's Corner, Forest Row, Sussex. |
|
Main works: |
1897 |
Bimetallism. |
1926 |
The need for eugenic reform.
|
1929 |
"Memories of Down House", Nineteenth
Century, 106; 108-123. |
Darwin,
Margaret Elizabeth, 1890-1974. |
|
Third child of Sir
George Howard D. CD's
granddaughter. |
1917 |
Married Sir Geoffrey
Keynes. 4 sons. |
1943 |
D wrote biography of Leonard D. |
Darwin,
Marianne, 1798 Apr. 7-1858 Jul. 18.
|
|
First child of
Robert Waring D. CD's sister. On her death
the grown-up family was adopted by her sister, Susan Elizabeth, and
lived
at The Mount, Shrewsbury. |
1824 |
Married Henry Parker. 4 sons, 1
daughter. |
Darwin,
Martha Haskins, see Du Puy. |
Darwin,
Mary [I], see Healey. |
Darwin,
Mary [II], see Howard. |
Darwin,
Mary Dorothea, see Wharton. |
Darwin,
Mary Eleanor, 1842 Sep. 23-1842 Oct. 16. |
|
Third child of
CD. Born at Down House and died there. ED had moved into Down House on
Sep. 14. |
Darwin,
Maud, see Du Puy. |
Darwin,
Mildred, see Massingberd. |
Darwin,
Monica, see Slingsby. |
Darwin,
"Nigger", see Charles Robert D. |
[page] 117
|
|
Darwin,
Nora, see Emma Nora D. |
Darwin,
"Polly", see Mary Darwin [II]. |
Darwin,
"Ras", see Erasmus Alvey D. |
Darwin,
Reginald, 1818-?. |
|
Eldest child of Sir
Francis Sacheverel D. CD's half first cousin. |
1879 |
Lent CD documents,
including a commonplace book, on Erasmus D [I], which CD used for his
notice in E. Krause's Erasmus Darwin. The commonplace book
now at Down House. |
Darwin,
Richard, ?-1584. |
|
Third child of William D [III].
Inherited Torksey from his uncle and held
Marton. 8th generation in male line to CD. |
before 1580 |
Married Margaret ? 3 sons, 1
daughter. |
Darwin,
Robert, 1682-1754 Nov. 20. |
|
Second son of William D
[VI]. CD's great-grandfather. Barrister of
Lincoln's Inn. Member of Spalding Club. |
1723 |
24 Jan. Married Elizabeth
Hill of Sleaford, Lincolnshire. 4 sons, 3 daughters.
1. Robert Waring, 2. Elizabeth, 3. William Alvey, 4. Ann. 5. Susanna,
6. John [II], 7. Erasmus. |
Darwin,
Robert Alvey, 1826 Apr. 17-1847 Dec. 7. |
|
Third child
of
William Brown D. Of Elston Hall and Exeter College Oxford. Last male
in senior branch of family, he left Elston Hall to his sister Charlotte
Maria Cooper D. |
Darwin,
Sir Robert Vere, 1910-1977. |
|
Painter. First child
of Bernard Richard Meirion D. CD's great-grandson. Known as "Robin".
Principal
Royal College of Art. Painted portrait of Sir George Buckston
Browne for Down House. WWH. |
|
Married 1 Yvonne Darby s.p. |
|
Married 2 Ginette Hewitt
s.p. |
1964 |
Kt. |
1972 |
RA. |
Darwin,
Robert Waring [I], 1724-1816. |
|
First child of Robert
D. Unmarried. CD's great-uncle. Of Elston Hall. |
1787 |
Author of Principia
botanica. |
Darwin,
Robert Waring [II], 1766 May 30-1848
Nov. 13. |
|
Fourth child of Erasmus D [I]
and Mary. CD's father. Strictly teetotal. Known
as "The father of Frankwell" by his poorer patients—Woodall pp. 11, 14.
|
|
6′ 2″, very corpulent, "when he
last weighed himself he was 24 stone, but afterwards increased
much in weight"—LLi 11. CD's description of his
father, which belongs to his autobiography, is printed in LLi 11-20
instead of in chapter 2. |
|
"Personally of huge bulk with a
very
squeaky voice"—Gretton Memory's harkback 1889 p. 33. |
before 1785 |
Studied
at
Edinburgh before Leyden. |
1785 |
Physician, MD Leyden Feb. 26. |
|
Lived at St John's Hill before
he built The
Mount. |
1788 |
FRS. |
1796 |
Married Apr. 18, at St
Marylebone, Susannah
Wedgwood—Gent. Mag. 1796 Apr.
18, 66 p. 351.
2 sons, 4 daughters. 1. Marianne, 2. Caroline Sarah, 3. Susan
Elizabeth, 4. Erasmus
Alvey, 5. Charles Robert, 6. Emily Catherine. |
circa 1800 |
Had a large practice in
Shrewsbury
and around, where he built The Mount circa 1800. |
1848 |
Buried in Montford churchyard,
Shropshire. |
Darwin,
Sir Robin, see Robert Vere D. |
Darwin,
Ruth Frances, 1883 Aug. 2-1973. |
|
Second child of Sir
Horace D. CD's granddaughter. Known as "Boofy". High
Hackhurst, Abinger Hammer, Dorking. WWH. |
1932-1949
|
Senior Commissioner
Board of Control. |
1938 |
CBE. |
1948 |
Married W. Rees Thomas as second
wife, s.p.
|
[page] 118
|
|
Darwin,
Sarah, see Sedgwick. |
Darwin,
Sarah Gay Forbes, 1830-? |
|
Seventh child of William Brown
D. CD's cousin. |
1848 |
Married Edward Noel. |
Darwin,
Sibyl, see Rose. |
Darwin,
"Skimp", see Sir Horace D. |
Darwin,
Susan Elizabeth, 1803 Aug. 3-1866 Aug. 3. |
|
Third child
of Robert Waring D [II]. Known as "Chucky". Unmarried. CD's sister.
Continued to live at
The Mount, Shrewsbury until her
death. |
|
"My father [CD] told
me that
anything in coat and trousers from eight years to eighty was fair game
to Susan"—EDi 141. |
circa 1822 |
She and Jessie Wedgwood,
daughter of John Wedgwood,
were known as "Kitty" and "Lydia" after those Bennetts in Pride
and
prejudice, because they were flirts. |
1836 |
CD called her "Granny". |
1858 |
After the death of her sister
Marianne in 1858 she adopted the
grown-up Parker children who lived with her. |
Darwin,
Susanna, 1729-1789.
|
|
Fifth child of Robert D.
Unmarried.
CD's great-aunt. |
Darwin,
Susannah, see Wedgwood. |
Darwin,
"Trotty Veck", see Henrietta Emma D. |
Darwin,
Violetta, see Frances Anne
Violetta D. |
Darwin,
William [I], died before 1542. |
|
Yeoman. Of Marton, Lincolnshire.
Two sons, 1.
?William, 2. John. The earliest
ancestor given by Burke. Tenth generation to CD in male line. |
Darwin,
?William [II], died before 1542. |
|
Eldest son of
William [I]. 2 sons, 4 daughters. Of
Marton,
Lincolnshire, Yeoman. Burke is not certain of christian name. Ninth
generation to CD in male line. |
Darwin,
William [III], -1580. |
|
Eldest son of ?William
[II]. Married Elizabeth ?, 3 sons.
Inherited
Marton from his uncle John D. Eighth generation to CD in male line. |
Darwin,
William [IV], circa 1573-1644. |
|
Third son of Richard D. Married
as second husband Mary Healey of Cleatham, Lincolnshire. Yeoman of the
Royal Armoury, Greenwich. Also held
Marton. Sixth generation
to
CD in male line. |
Darwin,
William [V], 1620-1675. |
|
Eldest son of William
D [IV]. Barrister. Recorder of Lincoln. Royalist. Erasmus
became a family name through his wife. Fifth generation in
male line to CD. |
1653 |
Married Anne Earle, daughter of
Erasmus Earle. 5 sons, 1 daughter. |
Darwin,
William [VI], 1655-1682. |
|
Eldest son of William
[V]. Waring became a family forename
through his
wife, and Elston Hall the family seat. Fourth generation in male line
to CD. |
|
Portrait "at Elston shows him as
a good-looking young man in a
full-bottomed wig"—LLi 3. |
1680 |
Married Anne Waring, heiress of
Robert Waring of Elston Hall,
Newark, Nottinghamshire. 2 sons. |
Darwin,
William [VII], 1681-1760. |
|
Eldest son of
William D [VI]. Of Cleatham and Elston Hall. |
1706 |
Married 1 Elizabeth D (first
cousin). 2 sons, 2 daughters. |
1715/16 |
Married 2 Mary Secker.
1 son, 4 daughters. |
1749 |
Married 3 Mary Hurst s.p. |
[page] 119
|
|
Darwin,
William Alvey [I], 1726-1783. |
|
Second child of Robert
D. Married Jane Brown. 1 son, 1 daughter. CD's great-uncle. Inherited
Elston Hall. |
Darwin,
William Alvey [II], 1767-1767. |
|
Fifth child of Erasmus
D [I] and Mary. CD's uncle. |
Darwin,
William Brown, 1774-1841. |
|
Son of William Alvey
D [I]. Married Elizabeth de St Croix. 3 sons, 4 daughters. CD's first
cousin once removed. |
Darwin,
William Erasmus, 1839 Dec. 27-1914 Sep. |
|
First child
of
CD. Called "Hoddy Doddy" in infancy. The only one of CD's surviving
sons who never
grew a
beard, although Leonard only did so in old age. Obituary: Francis D, Christ's
College Mag., 1914.
|
|
Robert D to CD
when WED was young and supposed to be delicate, "Let him run about and
get his feet wet and eat green gooseberries"—Bernard D pp. 27, 42-43. |
|
Educated
at Mr Wharton's preparatory school and Rugby. |
1862-1902 |
Partner in Grant &
Maddison, Bankers of Southampton, also called Southampton &
Hampshire Bank. Looked after CD's financial affairs with great success.
|
|
Ridgemount, North Stoneham,
Bassett, Southampton. |
1877 |
Married Sarah Sedgwick s.p. |
1877 |
He is the child in CD's paper in
Mind,
2, 1877. |
1902 |
After death of
wife, 12 Egerton St, London, next door to brother Leonard D. Of the
Egerton St house
"a rather tall, gaunt house, with a butler almost too perfect to live".
Gwendolen
Mary D lived with him whilst at Slade School. |
1882
|
"He had felt the top of his head
cold at his father's funeral in
Westminster Abbey and balanced his black gloves there." |
Darwin,
William Robert, 1894-1970. |
|
Fourth child of Sir
George Howard D. Married Monica Slingsby. CD's grandson. |
Darwin,
Yvonne, see Darby. |
Darwinia
|
|
Used three times for genera of
plants. See
Erasmus Darwin [I]. |
Darwinian
|
1794 adj.
1 |
relating to the verse or
views of Erasmus D [I]. 1794 OED suppl. |
1860 adj.
2 |
relating to CD's theories. 1860
OED suppl. Huxley "The
Darwinian hypothesis has the merit of being eminently simple and
comprehensible"—Westminster Rev., Apr. 566. |
1809 sb. 1 |
one who holds the
views of, or imitates the verse of
Erasmus D [I]. 1809 OED suppl. |
1896 sb. 2 |
one who holds the
views of CD. 1896 OED suppl.
Wallace "and it is very interesting to Darwinians"—Malay Archipelago,
1, iv, 61. |
Darwinian
Tubercle = Angulus Woolneri, Darwin's
peak qq. v. |
Darwinianism
|
1804 sb.
1 |
obs. or nonce-word,
relating to Erasmus D [I]. 1804 OED. |
1893 sb. 2 |
rare, relating to CD's
theories=Darwinism. OED 1893
J.
H. Stirling, Darwinianism: workmen and work [title]. |
1865 |
Samuel Butler
"Is not the subject worked out, and
are not the Canterbury public sick of Darwinianism" in a covering
letter to the editor of The Press,
Christchurch NZ, with "Lucubratio
ebria"; predates earliest quote in OED. |
Darwinism
|
1856 sb.
1 |
obs. relating to Erasmus
D
[I]. 1856 OED. |
1864 sb. 2 |
relating to CD's theories. 1864
OED suppl. Huxley "What we may term the philosophical position of
Darwinism"—Nat.
Hist. Rev.,
Oct. 567. |
[page] 120
|
|
Darwinism,
CD's papers on |
1871 |
[letter] "A new view
of Darwinism", Nature, Lond., 4:180-181, refers to letter by
Henry B. Howorth of same title, ibid., 4:161-162 (Bii 167,
F1754). |
1872 |
"Bree on Darwinism", Nature,
Lond., 6:279 (Bii
168, F1756), relates to a review by Wallace of Bree's book, An
exposition of the fallacies in the hypothesis of Mr Darwin, 1872. |
Darwinism,
1889 by Wallace q.v. |
Darwinism
and Modern science, 1909 edited by A. C.
Seward q.v. |
Darwinism
Stated by Darwin Himself, 1884 edited by
Nathan Shepperd q.v. |
Darwinist
|
1883 sb. |
One agreeing with CD's
theories. 1883 OED "Interesting to every sincere Darwinist"—Sci.
and
Lit. Gossip, 1:79 |
1875 adj. |
Darwinistic. 1875 OED
"Decisive in favour of
Darwinistic views"—Schmidt, Descent and Darwinism, 292. |
Darwinite
|
1862 sb. 1 |
one agreeing with CD's
theories. 1862 OED "Here are Darwinites...reviving the doctrine of
Lord Monboddo that man and monkeys are of the same stock"—Illustr.
Lond. News,
41:41. |
1867 adj.
|
1867 OED C. Kingsley (letter)
"Can you tell me where I
can find any Darwinite lore about the development of birds?"—Life,
2:280, 1883. |
1861 sb. 2 |
a natural copper
arsenite, reddish white, from
North America, synonym of Whitneyite. 1861 coined by D. Forbes. |
Darwinize
|
1880 vb.
1 |
intrans. to
write verse like that of Erasmus D [I]. OED 1880, but said to have been
coined much earlier by S. T. Coleridge. |
1920 vb.
2 intrans. |
to
follow CD's theories, to work
on them. 1920 OED G. B. Shaw "It has restored faith in Providence to a
Darwinized world"—Public Opinion, Aug. 13, 160. |
Darwinocentric
|
1979 |
"Freeman has assembled an
authoritative guide to the
darwinocentric universe"—American
Scientist 1979 Oct, book review by
Stan Rachootin, Yale. |
Daubeny,
Charles Giles Bridle, 1795-1867. |
|
Botanist. DNB. |
1822 |
FRS. |
1832 |
Prof. Chemistry Oxford. |
1834 |
Prof. Botany. |
1840 |
Prof. Rural
Economy. |
1860 |
Jun. 30 conversazione held in
his rooms after
British
Association scene—LLii 323. |
1860 |
D commented on Origin
in Rep. Brit. Assoc.
CD on "very liberal and candid, but scientifically weak"—LLii 332. |
1860 |
Remarks on the final causes
of the sexuality of plants. |
1867 |
Miscellanies,
2 vols. |
[page] 121
|
|
Davidson,
Thomas, 1817-1885. |
|
Palaeontologist. Specialist on
brachiopods. Anti-Origin. |
1857 |
FRS. |
1861 |
CD corresponded with. |
Davidson,
Thomas William St Clair |
|
Artist. |
Davis,
Mrs A. |
|
Welsh cook at Down House, known
to the children as
"Dydy"; she was kind to them—Francis D Springtime
p. 55. |
Davis,
Richard |
1819 |
Missionary at Waimate, North
Island,
New
Zealand, arrived 1819. Not in orders, but ran a farm to teach the
natives agriculture. |
1835 |
Dec. CD met. CD spells "Davies"—J.
Researches 1845, 425. |
Davy,
Dr John, 1790-1868. |
|
Army surgeon. Brother of Sir
Humphry D. Inspector General of Army
Hospitals. Friend of Sir James Mackintosh. DNB. |
1834 |
FRS. |
1855, 1856,
1863
|
CD to D on salmonid
eggs; 2 long replies printed in Phil. Trans., 1855 and Proc.
Roy. Soc.,
1856, as well as in his Physiological Researches, 251-269,
1863. |
Dawes,
Richard, 1793-1867. |
|
Educationalist. Tutor at
Emmanuel College Cambridge. Older friend of CD at
Cambridge. DNB. |
1831 |
Spring, CD and D talked of a
trip to Teneriffe with
Ramsay and Kirby. |
1850
|
Dean of Hereford. |
1867 |
CD subscribed £2. 2s. through J.
M. Herbert
for
some memorial to him. |
Dawkins,
Sir William Boyd, 1837-1929.
|
|
Geologist. WWH. |
1867 |
FRS. |
1872- |
Prof. Geology Owen's College
Manchester.
|
1873 |
CD was friendly with and 1873
wrote testimonial for an
application for Chair of Geology at Cambridge, which D did not get. |
1919 |
Kt. |
Dawkins
Testimonials |
[1873] |
Testimonials in
favour of W. Boyd Dawkins...a candidate for the Woodwardian
Professorship of Geology [at Cambridge], Cambridge, University
Press printed (F1216). CD's letter p. 2. |
Dawson,
Sir John William, 1820-1899. |
|
Canadian
geologist.
DNB. |
1855 |
D was describer of Eozoon
q.v. Anti-Origin—MLi
210, 466, 468. |
1855-1893 |
Prof. Geology and Principal
McGill. |
1860 |
D reviewed Origin in Canad.
Nat. |
1862 |
FRS. |
1862 |
CD to Hooker, "Lyell had
difficulty in preventing
Dawson reviewing the Origin on hearsay, without having looked
at it"—MLi 468. |
1884
|
Kt.
|
Dawson, Robert,
1776-1860.
|
|
Cartographer to Ordnance
Survey. DNB. |
1831 |
CD met at Llangollen when on
geological tour with
Sedgwick. |
De
Bary, Heinrich Anton, 1831-1888. |
|
German
fungologist. Prof. Botany Strasbourg. |
1879 |
D sent CD Utricularia—FUL
87. |
de
Beer, Sir Gavin Rylands, 1899-1972. |
|
Zoologist and general
writer. Writer on CD
and transcriber of mss. Obituary: Mem. Fellows Roy. Soc.,
19:65-93. WWH. |
1940 |
FRS. |
1950-1960 |
Director British Museum (Natural
History). |
1954 |
Kt. |
1959 |
D prints 38 CD letters in Notes
and Records Roy. Soc.,
14:12-66 (F1595). |
1960-1967 |
Transcribed, with collaborators,
B-E
notebooks on transmutation, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),
hist. Ser. 2-3 (F1574). |
1961 |
D prints 42 CD letters in Ann.
Sci.,
17:81-115 (F1596). |
1963 |
CD biography, London. |
1974 |
Charles
Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley, autobiographies, London (F1580),
based on the Barlow edition with a re-reading of the mss by James
Kinsley. |
[page] 122
|
|
De
la Beche, Sir Henry Thomas,
1795-1855.
|
|
Geologist. DNB. |
1819 |
FRS. |
1832 |
Director Geological Survey. |
1842 |
Kt. |
1848 |
CD listened to
D's Presidential address to Geological Society, "a very long and rather
dull address"—MLi 65. |
De
la Rue, Warren, 1815-1889.
|
|
Astronomer and
inventor. DNB. |
1850 |
FRS. |
1851 |
Feb. CD met D at Royal
Institution. |
Decaisne,
Joseph, 1807-1882. |
|
French botanist. |
1859 |
CD probably sent D copy of 1st
edition of Origin—LLii 172. |
"Defence
of Science" |
1881 |
"Mr Darwin in defence of
science", Brit. Med. J., 2:917 (Bii 235, F1799). |
Delpino,
Giacomo Guiseppe Federico, 1833-1905.
|
|
Italian botanist.
Prof. Botany Genoa and later at Naples. Frequent correspondent. |
Denny,
Henry, 1803-1871. |
|
Entomologist, specialist on
lice and minute beetles. |
undated |
CD to D about races of human
lice and
on a Mr Martial's observations on them—Carroll 35. |
1871 |
Descent
i, 219 mentions D's work on lice of pigeon, fowl and dogs. |
Derbishire,
Alexander |
|
Mate on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
|
1832 |
Apr. D returned to England. |
Derby,
Countess of, see Lady West. |
Derby,
13th Earl of, see Edward Smith
Stanley. |
Derby,
15th Earl of, see Edward Henry
Stanley. |
Descent of
man
|
|
The last sentence of the work
reads: "...we must acknowledge, as it seems to me, that man with all
his
noble qualities, with sympathy for the most debased, with benevolence
which extends not only to other men but to the humblest living
creature, with his god-like intellect which has penetrated into the
movements and constitution of the solar system—with all these exalted
powers—Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his
lowly origin". |
1870, 1871 |
The descent of man,
and selection in relation to sex, 2 vols (F936). CD's copy of
Vol. 1 dated 1870 is the only one known. |
1871 |
Feb. normal issue of both
vols, 25 errata on verso of title leaf of Vol. 2, 1st issue (F937). |
1871 |
Mar. 2nd issue, text changes and
no errata, works by the author on
verso of title leaf of Vol. 2 (F938). |
1871 |
Apr. 7th thousand, with
textual changes (F939), facsimile of this issue 1969 (F1042). |
1871
|
Dec.
8th thousand, with textual changes (F940). |
1874 |
2nd edition, 10th
thousand (F944). |
1875 |
2nd edition corrected, 11th
thousand (F945). |
1877 |
2nd edition revised and
augmented, 12th thousand (F948). |
|
First foreign
editions:
|
1871 |
Dutch
(F1053), German (F1065), Italian (F1088), Russian (F1107), USA (F941). |
1872 |
French (F1058), Swedish (F1136).
|
1874 |
Danish (F1050), Polish
(F1101). |
1884 |
Hungarian (F1084). |
?1902 |
Spanish (F1123). |
1906 |
Czech
(F1048). |
1910 |
Portuguese (F1104). |
1921 |
Yiddish (F1138). |
1927 |
Bulgarian
(F1047). |
1949 |
Japanese (F1100). |
1950 |
Slovene (F1122). |
1967 |
Romanian
(F1106). |
1968 |
Turkish (F1137). |
[page] 123
|
|
"Descent
of man" |
1871 |
(paper) "The descent of man", Hardwicke's
Science Gossip, 7:112 (Bii 168, F1693). This, the shortest of all
CD's writings in serials, contains the essence of the idea given above,
in blunter morphological terms, "The early progenitors of man were no
doubt once covered with hair, both sexes having beards; their ears were
pointed and capable of movement; and their bodies were provided with a
tail, having the proper muscles" etc. |
Descent,
Theory of |
1842
|
?First use of term by CD in Sketch
of 1842,
in de Beers ed. of 1958 p. 76. |
Deseado,
Patagonia, Argentine=Port Desire. |
1833 |
Dec. 23 Beagle at,
when it was a deserted Spanish settlement. |
Devonport
|
|
Town and naval dockyard west of
and
contiguous with Plymouth, Devon. |
1831 |
Sep. 13 CD with Fitz-Roy and
Musters arrived after three days by packet from London. |
|
Sep. 16 CD returned to
London. |
|
Oct. 30 CD back and stayed at 4
Clarence Baths until Beagle
finally sailed Dec. 27, after two unsuccessful attempts to put to sea. |
Devonshire,
7th Duke of, see William
Cavendish. |
"Dianthus
hybrids" |
1857 |
"Hybrid dianths", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 10:155 (Bi 273, F1693). |
Diary
of the voyage of the Beagle |
1933 |
Nora Barlow, editor, Charles
Darwin's diary of the voyage
of H.M.S. Beagle, Cambridge, University Press, 1933. See
also Charles
Darwin's diary. |
Dicey,
Albert Venn, 1835-1922.
|
|
Barrister. |
1882-1902
|
Vinerian
Prof. Law Oxford. |
1882
|
D was on "Personal Friends
invited" list
for CD's funeral. |
Dick |
circa 1847-1850 |
A dog at Down House which was
killed trying to jump through
the flywheel of the well—Rustic sounds p. 12. |
Dicky
|
1885
|
A small male dog of ED's
widowhood, given to
her by Mrs (Margaret) Vaughan Williams in 1885. |
[page] 124
|
|
Ditchfield
|
|
Field at Downe, just north of
Little
Pucklands. |
Dixon,
Mr. |
1833 |
Mar. was the only Englishman at
Port Louis "now has
charge of the British Flag". The British had just annexed the
islands—Diary
pp. 138-9. |
Dobbin
|
|
A pony in CD's childhood—MLi 5. |
Dobell,
Horace Benge, 1828-1917. |
|
Physician and
medical author. |
1863 |
CD to, thanking for a copy of
his On the
germs and vestiges of disease, 1861, and on regeneration—MLi 234. |
Dodgson,
Charles Lutwidge,
1832-1898. |
|
Mathematician and, as "Lewis
Carroll", author of children's books. |
1850-1881
|
Student of Christ Church, Oxford. |
|
Sent a photograph, now at
Cambridge, of a young girl to CD for
his work on Expression. |
Dogs
|
|
The following family dogs are
entered by name:
Bobby, Button, Dicky, Pepper, Polly, Quiz, Tony, Tyke. |
"Dogs"
|
1882 |
(paper)
"On the modification of a race of
Syrian street dogs by means of sexual selection", by Dr [W.]
Van Dyck, with a preliminary notice by CD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
No. 25:367-370 (Bii 278, F1803). Read Apr. 18 by the Secretary: CD died
on Apr. 19. |
Dohrn,
Felix Anton, 1840-1909. |
|
German zoologist. Foreign Member
RS. |
1870 |
Sep. 26 D visited CD at Down
House, and perhaps again
later—MLi 323. Christane Groeben, Naples, Machiaroli, pp. 93-4, gives
Dohrn's account of
his visit to Down House 1870 Feb. 26, with Ulan story (see
below) in detail, spells
"ulan" not "Uhlan". |
1872 |
Apr. 3 CD wrote to D about
success of Descent
of man in Germany—LLiii 133. |
1873 |
Founder of Zoologische Station
at Naples 1873, later Stazione
Zoologica. |
1875 |
CD wrote to D about Naples
station and invited D and wife to visit Down House, "I have often
boasted that I have had a live Uhlan in my house!"—LLiii 198. |
1879 |
CD
gave D £100 for the station from his Bressa Prize money—LLiii 225. When
CD gave £100, he also gave £10 each for George and
Francis. |
1982 |
CD-FAD correspondence published
in full.
|
Don, David,
1800-1841. |
|
Botanist. |
1836-1841 |
Prof. Botany King's
College London. |
1836 |
CD approached about identifying Beagle
plants. |
Donders, Frans
Cornelius, 1818-1889.
|
|
Physiologist.
Prof. Physiology Utrecht. |
1871 |
D gave CD information for Expression
of the emotions—LLiii 134. |
1872 |
Apr. D wrote to CD to tell him
of
his election to Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen—LLiii 163. |
1874 |
CD wrote to D, to thank him for
entertaining his son George Howard
D—LLiii 325. |
late 1881 |
At Int. Med. Congr. CD sat
between
D and
Virchow—Brent p. 499. |
Dorking,
Surrey. |
1876 |
May 6-Jun. 6 CD had family
holiday there. |
"Double
Flowers" |
1843 |
"Double flowers—their origin", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 36:628 (Bi 175, F1663). CD's first botanical
publication. |
Doubleday,
Henry, 1808-1875. |
|
Entomologist and Quaker.
Correspondent with CD on insect matters. Sent CD plants of true
oxslip Primula elatior. |
"Doveleys,
The"
|
|
Nickname for Frances Wedgwood
born 1806 and
Emma
Wedgwood born 1808
in childhood. |
Down,
Kent. |
before 1842 |
The village was so spelt before
1842. See
Downe. |
Down
House, Luxted Road, Downe, Orpington, Kent.
|
1842 |
Jul. 24 CD and
ED first saw. Bought from Rev.
J. Drummond,
Vicar of Downe, for £2020 with 18 acres of which 12 were then the
paddock. |
|
ED moved in Sep. 14. CD moved in
Sep. 17. |
|
Ordnance datum 565
ft,
the well is 325 ft deep, to the clay below the chalk of the North
Downs. |
[page] 125
|
|
Down
House, continued. |
|
|
|
ACCOUNTS OF: |
1842 |
Jul. CD's own
account of house, estate and
district, written to his sister Catherine, is printed in MLi
31-36. |
1929 |
Leonard D, Memories of Down
House, Nineteenth Century,
106:118-123. |
1952 |
Raverat, Period Piece,
chapter 8, from personal
experience in childhood, but not in CD's lifetime. |
1955 |
Keith, Darwin
revalued, chapters 4 and 24. |
1974 |
Atkins, Down House. |
|
(Jessie Dobson) Historical
and descriptive
catalogue of the Darwin memorial 1969, and a book by Dobson called
Charles
Darwin and Down House ?date. |
|
|
|
ALTERATIONS TO HOUSE:
|
1843 |
Bow
front to all three storeys of west front
added. |
1845-1846 |
Kitchen area rebuilt and
butler's pantry added, with
schoolroom and two small bedrooms above. Schoolroom above butler's
pantry
has on shelf in cupboard "Darwin A 10 W. E. DARWIN 1853", but WED was
10
in 1849. |
1846 |
Outhouses rebuilt. |
1858 |
New
drawingroom added at north end, with two bedrooms above it, cost £500. |
1859 |
Billiard table set up. |
1872 |
Verandah added to drawingroom. |
1877 |
New
billiard room added and new main entrance of east side. |
1881 |
Billiard room
converted to new study. |
|
|
|
ALTERATIONS TO LAND: |
1844 |
New
garden wall built. |
1845 |
Mound under
yews on west side removed, mound added at east side as wind protection.
|
1846 |
Sandwalk wood planted on land
rented from Sir John William Lubbock. |
1863 |
Feb. New greenhouse completed,
superintended by John Horwood, Mr Turnbull's gardener at The Rookery. |
1874 |
Sandwalk wood exchanged for a
piece of pasture with Sir John Lubbock. |
1881 |
Bought strip of field
beyond orchard from Sydney Sales for hard tennis court, new wall built. |
|
|
|
FURNISHINGS:
|
|
In the present
shrine, the old study and the new
drawingroom are furnished, as nearly as possible, as they were when CD
was alive; this includes the original study chairs, the portrait of
Lyell given to CD by Lady Lyell in 1847, the portrait of
Hooker given to CD by Julia Cameron, the photographer of it, and the
print of Josiah Wedgwood [II] given back by Francis D in 1927. |
|
The
drawingroom piano, bought in 1839, was bought back from the Positivist
Society for £20 in 1929. |
|
|
|
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE: See
also entry under CD finance. |
|
CD and ED
kept detailed accounts from the
date of their marriage. These, although preserved at Down House, have
not been published in full. Keith, 221-232, and
Atkins, 95-100, give extracts. |
1867-1881
|
Atkins gives a detailed
breakdown
for 1867-1881. |
1867 |
In 1867, when there were four
dependent sons and two
daughters, only the eldest son being away and employed, probably eight
indoor servants and the garden staff, expenditure was as follows: meat
£250, butter £5, cheese £18, candles £16, oil £7, bacon £10, soap £10,
grocery £53, sugar £16, bread £63, fish and game £20, servants £71,
poultry £38, tea £27, coffee £11, washing £6, dresses for ED and the
girls £28, gifts £79, miscellaneous £75, dripping £3. These figures do
not include those expenses which CD paid for himself, menservants
wages, alcohol, snuff and later cigarettes and the clothing of the
boys. |
[page] 126
|
|
Down
House, continued. |
|
|
|
ICONOGRAPHY, House:
|
1 1880 |
Painting by Albert Goodwin, back
from southwest
in EDii 76. |
2 1882 |
Aug. Drawing by Alfred Parsons,
back from southwest, wood
engraving from in Century Mag., Jan. 1883, also in LLi 320. |
3 |
Etching of whole southwest
front, not signed, not done in CD's
lifetime—Moorehead 261. |
4 |
Photograph from southwest by
Col. James
Creedy, modern—Atkins 24. |
5 |
Photograph from southwest by J.
Dixon Scott,
modern—Keith 46. |
6 |
Plan of ground floor—Keith 46. |
7 |
Another plan of
ground floor—Atkins 22. |
8 1882 |
Apr. New study, copper engraving
by Axel
H. Haig—Moorehead 256. |
|
|
|
ICONOGRAPHY, Grounds: |
1 |
Plan—Keith 47. |
2 |
Plan—Atkins 22. |
3 |
Sandwalk
and wood—Freeman, Bibliographical handlist, 1965, 70
(captions in German). |
4 |
Sandwalk and wood—Bull.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),
hist Ser., 3:180, 1968 (captions in English). |
|
|
|
STAFF:
|
|
The details are scanty,
especially for those of junior staff
and full names and dates are almost never available, however see
the following: |
|
Butlers: Jackson, Parslow,
Price. |
|
Coachmen: Comfort,
John. |
|
Cooks: Brummidge, Evans. |
|
Custodians: Harold, Samuel and
Sydney
Robinson. |
|
Footmen: Jackson, Moffatt. |
|
Gardeners: Comfort, Hills,
Horwood, Lettington. |
|
Governesses: Barellien, Beob,
Grant, Latter,
Ludwig, Pugh, Thorley. |
|
Maids: Anne, Betsy, Emily Jane,
Jane, Matheson. |
|
Nursemaid: Harding. |
|
Nurses: Brodie, Evans, Mary,
Maryann, Sara. |
|
|
|
HISTORY:
|
back to 1651 |
Earlier given in
Atkins, 12-17, with list of owners or
tenants back to 1651. |
1900-1906
|
Rented from George Howard
D by a Mr
Whitehead about whom nothing seems to be known except that he owned the
first motor car in Downe. |
1907-1922 |
Rented by Downe House School
q.v. |
1924-1927 |
Run as an
unsuccessful girl's school by a Miss Rain. |
1927 |
Bought from
the Darwin heirs by Sir George Buckston Browne for £4,250. |
1929 |
After
spending about £10,000 on repairs and giving £20,000 as an endowment,
Buckston
handed it over to the British Association in 1929. It was formally
opened at a tea on Jun. 7. |
1953 |
Given free to Royal College of
Surgeons
of England who have administered it since, although they attempted to
transfer it to the National Trust in 1958. The Surgeons' research
establishment marches with the grounds to the southwest. |
[page] 127
|
|
Down
House, continued. |
|
|
|
VISITORS:
|
|
ED entertained
considerably at Down House, although seldom
large gatherings. |
|
Casual calling, which was
customary in cities, was
confined to near neighbours. John Lubbock, who was 8 years
old when CD
came to Downe, was the most frequent. |
|
Visitors from London and
elsewhere came for weekends, or for Sunday lunch. |
|
The following list
omits relatives and neighbours and it is probably far from complete.
The numbers of visitors increase in later years when the children were
grown up and brought their own friends and when CD's health had
improved. The following were frequent visitors: |
|
F. M. Balfour (in
1870-1880), T. Bell (early), Hugh Falconer (after his return to
England), E. Forbes (before 1854), J. D. Hooker, T. H. Huxley, C.
Lyell, G. J. Romanes (after 1874), Margaret J. Shaen, S. W. Strickland
(after circa 1860), A. R. Wallace and G. R. Waterhouse. |
|
The following are recorded only
once or twice:
|
1846 |
Leonard Horner. |
1847 |
Leonora Horner. |
1850 |
A. C. Ramsay, R. H. Schomburgk. |
1854 |
J. S.
Henslow. |
1857 |
R. Fitz-Roy. |
1861 |
W. B. Carpenter, G. B. Sowerby
[II].
|
1862? |
R. A. von Kolliker. |
1862
|
H. Parker. |
1866 |
E. H. Haeckel. |
1867 |
V. O. Kovalevskii and wife,
R. Trimen. |
1868 |
H. W. Bates, E. Blyth, A. Gray,
G. Smith, J.
Tyndall, J. J. Weir. |
1869 |
A. E. Agassiz, T. Woolner. |
1870 |
F. A. Dohrn, V. O.
Kovalevskii, A. Newton. |
1871 |
Arabella B. Buckley, M. E. G.
Duff, R.
Lowe, J. Hague, V. Lushington, R. Swinhoe. |
1872 |
C. L. Brace, C.
Crawley, T. Woolner, C. Wright. |
1873 |
M. D. Conway, Mary Ann Evans and
G. H. Lewes for lunch. |
1875 |
W.
W. Ouless, R. L. Tait, G. Young. |
1876 |
F. J. Cohn, W. E. Gladstone, J.
Morley, C. E. Norton, L. Playfair. |
1877 |
Ann Pertz. |
1878 |
L. A. Errera,
Theodora Sedgwick. |
1879 |
W. B. Richmond. |
1880 |
E. Barbier, A. L. P. P. de
Candolle, F. Sarcey. |
1881 |
E. B. Aveling, J. Collier, Laura
M. Forster,
Max Müller, Marianne North, H. Richter.
|
1882 |
A. H.
Haig, Countess of Derby (both after CD's death). |
no date
|
The
following are recorded without date: J. W. Judd, K. Ludwig, W. Ogle. |
|
The following groups of people
visited: |
1873 on |
Working Men's
College, groups of fifty or sixty for the day. |
1881 on |
J. W. C.
Fegan's street boys from his homes, for the day or camping. |
1882
on |
"Sunday tramps", led by L.
Stephen, came for the day. |
[page] 128
|
|
Downe,
Village, Orpington, Kent. |
|
BR6 Post Office
spelling was "Down" before 1842. |
1841 |
Census of 1841 total population
444. |
1881 |
Census of 1881 555. |
|
Postal addresses, near Bromley
in
1845, near Farnborough
1845-early 1855, near Bromley late 1855-late 1869, near Beckenham 1869
Sep.
Present address is in the Bromley postal code. |
1786 |
Church: St Mary the
virgin, illustration 1786, before drastic restoration—Atkins 25. |
|
Inns:
The George and Dragon. There is also The Queen's Head on church side. |
|
Village hall, ?the one built by
the D's is next to the
George and Dragon. |
|
Both Petley's and Trowmers are
in
Luxted Road. |
|
Churchyard has two slab tombs
which are
memorials to Ds: |
1. |
Grave of Erasmus Alvey D, also
to CD and ED. |
2. |
Grave of Mary Eleanor D and
Charles Waring D, but adult-sized
slab, which also commemorates Henrietta Emma Litchfield, Bernard
Richard Meirion D and Mary Mansell his wife, of Gorringes. |
|
Summary of graveyard
inscriptions in North West Kent Family
History
Journal I, no. 1, 1978. |
1842 |
Jul. CD to his sister Catherine,
"The little pot-house
where we slept is a grocer's shop and the landlord there is the
carpenter...there is one butcher and baker and the post-Office. A
carrier goes weekly to London and calls anywhere for anything in London
and takes anything anywhere"—MLi 31-36. |
|
School is called Charles
Darwin school. |
|
Schoolmasters: Norman, Skinner. |
|
Physician: Engleheart. |
|
Vicars: Drummond, Innes, Ffinden. |
|
Curates:
Hoole, Horsman, Humphreys, Powell, Robinson, Salin, Stephens. |
|
Churchwarden: Lovegrove. |
1933 |
Howarth & Howarth give a
detailed
description of the village and its history. |
1969 |
Newman, in Pevsner's Buildings
of England, West Kent, 251, 1969, describes the architecturally
worthwhile buildings. |
Downe
Court |
1690 |
Original manor house of Downe,
opposite east side of Down House, dated 1690. |
1842 |
Jul. CD to his sister Catherine,
"There is a most beautiful old farm-house with great thatched barns and
old stumps of oak trees...one field off"—MLi 31-36. |
1973 |
A. D. H.
Coxe, Haunted Britain, 79. CD's ghost is one of the several
said to haunt it. |
Downe
Friendly Club |
1850 |
CD helped to found in
1850 and acted as its Treasurer for 30 years—LLi 142. The annual
general meeting
was held at Down House every year, usually on Whit Monday. |
1852 |
Mar. Rules
for the Club printed at CD's expense—CD's mss accounts. |
1877 |
To
members of the Down Friendly Club, a single sheet printed for CD
to dissuade members from disbanding (F1303). |
Downe
House School
|
|
Always spelt with an "e".
Headmistress Olive Margaret
Willis was co-founder with her friend Alice Carver. Started
with one girl and five mistresses, but was at once successful. |
1907-1922
|
Occupied Down House 1907
Feb.-1922 Apr. 1. |
1922 |
Moved
to larger premises Hermitage Rd, Cold Ash, Newbury, where it
flourishes. |
[page] 129
|
|
Downes,
John, 1810-1890.
|
|
Cambridge friend of CD. |
1831 |
Jul. 11 CD
to Henslow, "Do you by any chance recollect the name of a fly that Mr.
Bird sent through Downe"—Darwin-Henslow 27. |
1834-1863
|
Vicar of Horton and Piddington,
Northamptonshire. |
Downton,
Wiltshire.
|
1822 |
Jun. CD had a holiday there
with his sister Caroline Sarah D. |
Drewe
|
|
Brother of Edward Drewe. Squire
of Grange, near
Honiton, Devon. |
Drewe,
Adèle, see Prévost. |
Drewe,
Caroline, see Allen. |
Drewe,
Charlotte, ?-circa 1817.
|
|
Fifth child of Edward D.
Unmarried. |
Drewe,
Edward, 1756-1810.
|
|
Vicar of Broadhembury and
Willand,
Devon. |
1793 |
Married Caroline Allen. 2 sons,
5 daughters. 1. Harriet Maria, 2. Marianne, 3.
Georgina, 4. Edward Simcoe, 5. Charlotte, 6. Francis, 7. Louisa. |
Drewe,
Edward Simcoe, 1805-1877.
|
|
Fourth child of Edward D. |
1828 |
Married Adèle Prévost and had
children. |
circa 1820 |
D inherited The Grange, near
Honiton, Devon. |
Drewe,
Georgina, circa 1800-? |
|
Third child of Edward D. Mother
of Lady Salisbury. |
1823 |
Married Sir
Edward Hall Alderson. |
Drewe,
Harriet Maria, 179?-1857.
|
|
First child of Edward D. |
1816 |
Married Robert, Lord
Gifford and had offspring. |
1837 |
Was living
at 1 Atholl Crescent, Edinburgh. |
Drewe, Louisa,
?-circa 1817.
|
|
Seventh child of Edward D. |
Drewe,
Marianne, 179?-1822. |
|
Second child of Edward D.
|
1820 |
Married Rev.
Algernon Langton. |
1822 |
Died
in childbed. |
Dring, John
Edward |
|
Collector of shells. |
1834 |
Oct. appointed acting Purser to
replace
Rowlett on return of Beagle
from 2nd voyage. Also acted as Clerk. |
|
Went on 3rd voyage. |
Dropmore,
Buckinghamshire.
|
1847 |
CD visited on day
trip from British Association meeting at Oxford. |
Drummond,
Rev. J.
|
|
Vicar of Downe before Innes. |
1842 |
D sold Down House to CD for
£2020. |
Drummond,
James, 1763-1863. |
|
Botanist of Swan River,
Western Australia. D helped CD on fertilisation of Leschenaultia—MLii
259. |
Drummond,
Thomas, 1797-1840.
|
|
Army engineer and
politician. Invented Drummond's light. DNB. |
Drysdale,
Lady, ?-circa 1882 aged nearly 100. |
|
Friend of
CD and ED through Moor Park Hydro. Dr Lane's mother-in-law. |
[page] 130
|
|
Du
Bois-Reymond, Emil Heinrich, 1818-1896. |
|
German
electro-physiologist. |
1858 |
Prof. Physiology Berlin. |
1860 |
CD to Gray
telling him that D agrees with CD's views—LLii 354. |
1876 |
Darwin versus Galiani,
Berlin. |
1878 |
D writes to CD
to tell him of his election to K.-P. Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Berlin, as Corresponding Member. |
1884 |
Friedrich II in Englische
Urtheilen, Darwin und
Kopernicus, Leipzig. |
Dubarry,
Amy |
1866 |
Sunday school teacher at
Downe—Darwin-Innes 231. |
Dublin
|
1827 |
CD visited on spring tour. |
Duck,
Mr, ?-1875. |
1866 |
A trustee of Downe Friendly
Club—Darwin-Innes 245. |
Duff
|
|
Of 21st Regiment. Given lift to
England by gunroom from
Tasmania—CD Diary. |
Duff,
Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant,
1829-1906. |
|
Politician. DNB. |
1857-1881 |
Liberal MP for Elgin Burghs. |
1868-1874 |
Under-Secretary for India. |
1871 |
Jan. D visited Down House
with Lubbock, Huxley and R. Lowe, from High Elms. |
1887 |
GCSI. |
1901 |
FRS. |
Dumbola
Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight. |
|
A house
owned by Julia Cameron. |
1868 |
CD and Family stayed there in
summer. CD
was photographed by Mrs Cameron on this visit. |
Duncan, Andrew,
1773-1832. |
|
Prof. Materia Medica
Edinburgh. |
1798 |
FRS. |
1826 |
CD to his sister Catherine D,
"is so very
learned that his wisdom has left no room for his senses. His lectures
begin at eight in the morning"—MLi 7. |
1847 |
CD to Hooker, "a whole cold
breakfastless hour on the properties of rhubarb"—LLi 355. |
Duncan, Ethel
|
|
Daughter of Andrew Duncan of
Liverpool. Married G.
J. Romanes. |
1879 |
CD to Romanes, Mrs R
is right to forbid the
monkey from the nursery—Carroll 576. |
Duncan,
Peter Martin, 1824-1891. |
|
Invertebrate
palaeontologist and writer of popular natural history. Prof. Geology,
King's College, London. |
1868
|
FRS.
|
circa 1869 |
CD to D,
will send coral specimens from Keeling Islands—Carroll 272. |
1876 |
CD to
D, CD will return an overlooked coral and mss by William
Lonsdale—Carroll 498. |
Dundee
Angus
|
1827 |
CD visited on a spring tour. |
Dunker,
Wilhelm Bernhard Rudolph Hadrian, 1809-1885. |
|
Palaeontologist especially of
Mollusca. Lecturer Technical High School
Cassel, later Prof. Geology Marburg. CD sent Fossil cirripedes
to—Lychnos,
1948-1949:206-210. |
1851 |
D sent fossil and recent
cirripedes to CD. |
1854 |
CD sent Living cirripedes
to D. |
Duns,
Rev. J.
|
|
Free Church minister and
dabbler in
natural history. |
1860 |
D reviewed Origin in North
British Rev., "very severe"—LLii 311. |
[page] 131
|
|
Du
Puy, Martha Haskins, 1861-1947. |
|
Daughter of Charles
Meredith Du Puy and Ellen Reynolds of Philadelphia. Niece of Lady
Jebb (Caroline Reynolds)
who was her mother's sister. Known as "Maud". Pedigree in Period
piece. |
1884 |
22 Jul. married Sir
George Howard Darwin. |
Du
Puy, "Maud", see Martha Haskins Du P. |
Dutch
|
|
First editions in: |
1891 |
Journal of researches
(F176). |
1864 |
Origin of species
(F594). |
1889-1890 |
Variation
under domestication (F910). |
1871-1872
|
Descent of man (F1053).
|
1873 |
Expression of the emotions
(F1182). |
Dyck,
Dr W. van |
|
Lecturer in Zoology at
Protestant
College of Beirut. |
1882 |
D to CD on sexual selection in
Syrian street
dogs. |
|
Apr. 2 CD to P. L. Sclater
submitting it, with covering note, for Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
|
|
Apr. 18 read, No. 25: 367-370
(Bii 278, F1803); last publication in
CD's
lifetime; he died on Apr. 19. |
Dyer,
Sir William Turner Thiselton, 1843-1928. |
|
Botanist. Married Harriet Anne
Hooker. DNB. |
1879 |
D helped CD
with botanical material from Kew, e.g. 1879 CD to D, on a species of Oxalis—FUL
109.
|
1880 |
FRS. |
1882 |
D was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1885-1905 |
Director of Royal Botanical
Garden, Kew, in succession to Hooker. |
1899 |
KCMG. |
[page 132]
E
|
|
"E",
see Katherine Euphemia Wedgwood. |
Earle,
Anne |
|
Daughter of Erasmus Earle. CD's
maternal 5th generation ancestor. |
1653 |
Married William
Darwin [II]. |
Earle,
Augustus, 1793-1838. |
|
Wandering artist of some
distinction. Draughtsman on 2nd voyage of Beagle. CD "Earle's
eccentric character". FR "I engaged an artist...at £200 per year". His Beagle
sketches are all missing
although other material remains. His illness was rheumatism—Keynes
pp. 1-2, open licentiousness from CD's letters. Narrative, Oxford,
Clarendon 1966, ed. McCormick.
|
1832 |
Aug. left owing to continuous
ill-health. Replaced by C. Martens. |
Earle,
Erasmus, 1590-1667. |
|
Serjeant-at-Law. CD's
maternal sixth generation ancestor. Father of Anne Earle. Origin of
name
Erasmus in D family. MP for Norwich, Recorder of Lincoln. Also a
monument to E in Sts Peter &
Paul Church. DNB. |
1890 |
Oct.
William Erasmus D and George Howard D went on a visit to "General
Bulwer, a beautiful place in Norfolk [Heydon Hall], to see the picture
of Erasmus Earle, an ancestor". |
Earth,
Age of |
1877 |
CD's views on in MLii 211-212. |
Earthworms,
see
Vegetable mould and worms
and Wormstone. |
Eastbourne,
Sussex. |
1853 |
Jul. 14-Aug. 4 CD had
family
holiday there. |
1860 |
Sep. 22-Nov. 11 family holiday
there. |
Eastbury
Park
|
|
A house near Gunville, Dorset. |
1800
|
Bought by Tom Wedgwood.
|
1803
|
Sold to Jos Wedgwood.
|
until 1805
|
Tom continued to live there with
his sisters Catherine and Sarah Elizabeth until his death.
|
Eaton,
Bertha |
|
Sister of
Dorothea Hannah E. |
1848 |
Married Edmund Edward Allen. |
Eaton, Dorothea
Hannah, ?-1868. |
|
Sister of Bertha E. |
1846 |
Married George Baugh
Allen. |
Eddowes'
Newspaper, Shrewsbury. |
1880 |
Mrs
Haliburton [Sarah Owen of Woodhouse] had reminded CD of his saying as a
boy that if Eddowes' Newspaper
ever alluded to him as "our deserving
fellow townsman" he would be amply gratified—LLiii 335. Opening
sentence of a leading article of 1880 is given. |
Edgeworth,
Maria, 1767-1849. |
|
Author. Daughter of Richard
Lovell Edgeworth. Friend of Erasmus D [I] and Josiah Wedgwood [I]. DNB.
|
1840 |
E described the character of
ED—EDii 56. |
Edgeworth,
Michael Pakenham, 1812-1881. |
|
Son of
Richard Lovell E. Half brother of Maria E. Botanist and Indian Civil
Servant. "A fool, Mr Edgeworth, you know,
is a man who never tried an experiment in his life"—Erasmus D
[I]—Woodall
p. 4. DNB. |
1861 |
CD met at Linnean Society—MLi
184. |
"Edible
fungus from Tierra del Fuego" |
1845 |
In
Berkeley, M. J., "On an edible fungus from Tierra del Fuego", Trans.
Linn. Soc. Lond.,
19:37-43, summary in Proc., 1:97-98 (F1671). Contains
extracts from CD's notes. |
[page] 133
|
|
Edinburgh,
Midlothian. |
1838 |
Jun. Apart from his time at the
University, CD visited on his way to Glen Roy. |
Edinburgh
University |
1825-1827
|
1825 Oct.-1827 Apr. CD was at
as a medical student, but did not qualify. See 1888 Feb. 16 St
James's Gaz., 1888 May
22 Edinburgh Weekly Dispatch, 1935 Ashworth, Proc. Roy.
Soc. Edinb.,
55:97-113. |
1825 |
Oct. stayed briefly at
Star Hotel, Princes St, moving to 11 Lothian St, lodgings run by Mrs
Mackay. |
Edmonston,
John |
|
Had been a servant of Dr Duncan.
"A negro lived in Edinburgh, who
had travelled with Waterton, and gained his livelyhood by stuffing
birds...he gave me lessons for payment"—LLi 40. CD paid him a guinea an
hour—Brent p. 45. Waterton, Wanderings
in South America, 153, 1825 identifies him as John, a slave of
Charles Edmonston of Demerara. On coming to Scotland and being freed
he took the surname of Edmonston or Edmonstone. E lived at 37 Lothian
St, CD lived at No. 11. See
Freeman, Notes and Records
Roy. Soc., 33:83-86, 1978. |
Edmonston,
Laurence, 1795-1879. |
|
Physician and
naturalist. Correspondent with CD from Unst, Shetland. Father of Thomas.
|
Edmonston,
Thomas, 1825-1846. |
|
Eldest son of Laurence. Visited
Galapagos Is in HMS Herald. Accidentally shot in Peru. |
The
education of Darwin |
1908 |
The education of
Darwin, the first section of Darwin's autobiography, written in 1876,
Boston, Directors of the Old South Work Leaflets, 8, No. 194 (F1478).
Extracts from earlier part of CD's autobiography. |
Edward
|
|
A manservant at 12 Upper Gower
St. |
1839 |
Feb. 3 "Edward is such a perfect
Adonis in his best livery, that he is
quite a sight"—EDii 33. |
1839 |
May, E occurs in CD's accounts. |
1840 |
E had
left and Parslow had arrived. |
Edward
VII, 1841-1910. |
1866 |
Apr. 27 CD presented to when
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, at Royal Society Soirée. CD
said nothing because he could not hear what the Prince said, "A nice
good-natured youth". |
1881 |
Int. Congr. Med. CD sat
opposite.
"The Prince (of
Wales) spoke only a few civil words to me"—Brent p. 499. |
1901-1910
|
King of Great
Britain etc. |
Edwards, Mr
|
|
A resident at Downe—Darwin-Innes
207. |
Edwards, Henry,
1830-1891. |
|
American entomologist and
amateur actor. |
1873 |
Correspondent with CD—FUL 87. |
circa
1876 |
CD to E,
thanking for photograph and glad E approved of Weismann's essay—Carroll
486. |
Edwards,
Henry Milne, 1800-1885. |
|
Zoologist. Belgian
of British parents, he also used "Henri" as first name. Frequent
correspondent. |
1841- |
Prof.
Zoology Paris. |
1845 |
FRS. |
1854 |
CD sent Living
Cirripedia to. |
[page] 134
|
|
Egan,
James |
|
Hungarian agriculturist of
Budapest. |
1858 |
CD corresponded with on colour
of horses—Carroll 160, 161. |
Egerton
St, Westminster, London. |
1882-1900
|
No. 12 home of
Leonard D. |
1902-1914
|
No. 10 or No. 14 home of William
Erasmus D after
death of wife in 1902. Gwendolen Mary D lived with him there
when she was a student at Slade School of fine Art. |
Egerton,
Sir Philip de Malpas Grey, Bart,
1806-1881. |
|
Palaeontologist. 10th Bart.
DNB. |
1831 |
FRS. |
1855 |
Oct. CD met at
Shrewsbury, "He asked me why on earth I instigated you [C. Darwin Fox]
to rob his poultry yard". E was a neighbour of F at the time. LLii 56.
|
Eiseley,
Loren C., 1906-1977. |
|
Prof. Anthropology
Pennsylvania. |
1958 |
Author of Darwin's century,
and several
books on evolution. |
Ehrenberg,
Christian Gottfried, 1795-1876. |
|
Protozoologist. Prof. Zoology
Berlin. |
1845 |
Examined fine dust from Beagle
in Atlantic for Protozoa—J. Researches 1845, 5. |
1838 |
Die
Infusionstierchen, Leipzig. |
Electric
fish |
1881 |
CD to Romanes, parable about
evolution of electric organs to get rid of parasites—Life of Romanes
106. |
Elephant
|
1836 |
May 5 CD rode one in Mauritius
from Capt. Lloyd's country house half way to Port Louis, "The
circumstance which
surprised me most was its quite noiseless step"—J. Researches
1845, 486. It was the only one in the island. |
Elephant
Tree |
|
Large beech on the sandwalk at
Down
House, also known as "Bismarck" and "The Rhinoceros". |
1969 |
Cut down almost dead
in 1969, but main trunk preserved. |
"Elephants"
|
1869 |
[letter] "Origin of species [on
the
reproductive potential of elephants]", Athenaeum, No.
2174:861
(Bii 136, F1746). |
1896 |
[letter with same title], ibid.,
No. 2177:82 (Bii 137, F1747). |
"Elevation
and Subsidence in the Pacific and Indian Oceans" |
1837 |
"On certain areas of elevation
and subsidence in the Pacific and
Indian Oceans" Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:552-554 (Bi 46, F1647). |
"Elevation on
the Coast of Chile" |
1837 |
"Observations
of proofs of recent elevations on the coast of Chile, made during the
survey of His Majesty's Ship Beagle, commanded by Capt.
Fitzroy R.N.", Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:446-449 (Bi 42, F1645). |
[page] 135
|
|
Élie
de Beaumont, Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Léonce,
1798-1874. |
|
French geologist.
Influentially anti-Origin. "Damned himself to
everlasting fame" by coining the term "la science moussante" for
evolutionism—LLii 185. |
1853→ |
Perpetual Secretary of the
Académie des
Sciences. |
1870 |
CD to Quatrefages, É calls CD's
science "frothy", his own bubbles first of craters of elevation and
second of
direction of mountain chains according to age have "burst and vanished
into thin air" everywhere but France—Carroll 382. |
"Eliot,
George", pseudonym, see Mary Ann
Evans. |
Elliot,
Sir Walter,
1803-1887. |
|
Indian Civil Servant
and archaeologist. DNB. |
1855 |
CD met at British
Association, Glasgow. |
1856 |
CD writes to E in India asking
for
information on variation—Carroll 123, 162. |
1857 |
E sent poultry skins
from Madras to CD—MLi 99. |
1866 |
KCSI. |
1873 |
Title of CD's 1827
contribution
to
Plinian Society first printed by E in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb.,
11:1-42, 17 footnote; also in Nature, Lond., 9:38. |
1877 |
FRS. |
Elliott
& Fry |
|
Commercial photographers of
London,
later incorporated in Bassano & Vandyck Studios, now Bassano's Ltd.
|
circa
1880 |
Photographed CD on verandah at
Down House.
All, especially a., have been often reproduced and a.
was long available as a commercial photograph. |
a. |
Standing
by pillar in cloak and hat. |
b. |
Head and shoulders
without
cloak or hat. |
c. |
Seated on verandah in
tightly wrapped cloak
and with hat. |
d. |
Head and shoulders from
same negative as a. |
1909 |
Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) exhibition showed four different E & F
photographs,
dating them 1882. |
Elliott,
Mary |
1887 |
ED to Henrietta Emma D, a
villager at Downe. |
Elston,
near Newark, Notts. |
|
Elston Hall, seat of
William Darwin [VI] whose wife, Anne Waring, had inherited from her
mother, and present seat of senior branch of D family. Many early Ds
are buried in All Saints' churchyard. Erasmus D [I] was born there. |
Elwin, Whitwell,
1816-1900. |
|
Editor of Quarterly Review.
|
1849-1900 |
Rector of Booton, Norfolk. |
1858 |
Read mss of Origin
for
John Murray. |
Embury,
George, see Tollet. |
Emily Jane
|
?1865-1879 |
Domestic servant at Down House
?1865-1879. |
Englefield,
near Theale, Berkshire. |
|
Seat of the Benyon
family—Darwin-Innes 256. |
Engleheart,
Stephen Paul, ?1830-1885. |
1865 |
E was the
village physician at Downe, known to D family as "Spengle".
|
1885
|
Died by
drowning in Old Calabar, Africa, trying to visit a patient. |
[page] 136
|
|
Entomological
Society of London (Royal 1933) |
1833
|
CD was an Original and Life
Member, not Fellow which was not used until 1884 when Charter
granted. |
1838 |
Council Member and
Vice-President and presided at
several meetings—K. G. V. Smith Antenna 6:200-201, 1982.
Smith
says CD exhibited five species of Carabus from southern tip
of
South America, Proc. II:xli. |
1856 |
CD to Mrs Lyell, "You
might trust Mr.
Waterhouse implicitly, which I fear as [illegible] goes, is more than
can be said for all entomologists"—MLi 85. |
1867 |
"No body of men were at first so
much opposed to my views as the members of the London Entomological
Society"—LLiii 69.
|
Eozoon
|
|
A supposed fossil protozoan
described by J.
W. Dawson, Quart. J. Geol. Soc., 15:54. Later shown not to be
of
organic origin, but still described as a foraminiferan by A. Sedgwick, Student's
textbook of zoology, 1:15, 1898. |
1882 |
CD to D. Mackintosh, "As far
as external form is concerned, Eozoon shows how difficult it
is to distinguish between organised and inorganised bodies"—MLii 171. |
Epping
Field Club |
|
Later Essex Field Club. |
1880 |
Jan. CD to William Cole,
declining joining at foundation, but sending a guinea "in aid of your
preliminary expenses". |
|
Feb. CD to same, accepting
Honorary Membership—Essex
Nat., 21:14, 1927. |
Erichsen,
Sir John Eric, Bart, 1818-1896. |
|
Surgeon. Prof. Surgery
University College London. DNB. |
1876 |
FRS. |
1885 |
E was
member of Vivisection Commission. |
1895 |
Bart. |
Errera, Léo
Abram, 1858-1905. |
|
Belgian botanist. |
1877 |
CD to and from on heterostyly
especially in Primula elatior—Carroll
520-524. |
1878 |
CD to and from, E had visited
Down House, but CD was
away—Carroll 544, 545. |
1879 |
CD thanks for offprint on
heterostyly—Carroll 563. |
1879 |
E to CD sending photograph which
CD had
asked for; E asks for one in return—Carroll 563. |
"Erratic
Boulders of South America" |
1841 |
"On the
distribution of erratic boulders and on the contemporaneous
unstratified deposits of South America", Proc. Geol. Soc.,
3:425-430 (Bi 145, F1657); Trans. Geol. Soc., 415-431 (F661). |
"Erratic
Boulders, Transportal of" |
1848 |
"On the
transportal of erratic boulders from a lower to a higher level", Quart.
J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.), 4:315-323 (Bi 218, F1677). |
Erskine,
Frances |
|
Married Sir (later Baron)
Thomas Henry Farrer as 1st wife. |
Erskine,
William |
|
Married Maitland Mackintosh.
Issue
included Frances E. |
Essay
on Instinct |
1883 |
In G. J. Romanes, Mental
evolution in animals, posthumous essay on instinct by CD, 355-384,
index 405-411 (F1434).
|
|
First foreign editions: |
1884 |
French (F1441), USA
(F1435). |
1885 |
German (F1443). |
1894 |
Russian (F1449). |
1907 |
Italian
(F1447). |
1967 |
Romanian (F1448). |
1975 |
Complete transcript of original
mss in R. C. Stauffer editor, Charles Darwin's Natural selection,
466-527, (F1440). |
[page] 137
|
|
Essays
of 1842 and 1844, see Sketches of
1842 and 1844. |
Estonian
|
1949 |
First edition Journal of
researches, (F179). |
Ethnological
Society |
1861 |
CD Fellow. |
Etruria
Hall, Staffordshire. |
|
Home of Josiah Wedgwood
[I]. |
1769 and
before
|
Jun. 13, foundations laid before
this when the
section of the works for making ornamental ware was opened. Josiah I
cast six black basalt vases to commemorate, later inscribed "Artes
Etruriae renacuntur". |
1774 |
Richard W moved there, died
1780. |
1795 |
Jan. 2. Josiah
[II] inherited estate and works, estate then 380 acres. |
1795 |
Spring, Jos
moved to Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey, his mother and Kitty
remaining at the Hall. |
1799 |
Jos bought Gunville, Dorset. |
1804 |
Hall
leased to Byerley. |
1810 |
On death of Byerley, mother and
Kitty lived in
Hall while Parkfields was altered. |
1814 |
Jos returned to Hall. |
1830 |
Sep.
Harrie and Jessie, just married, moved in. |
1832 |
Frank and Frances
moved in on marriage, and Jessie and John and Jane moved out. |
1844 |
Hall and most of land sold, but
works failed to reach reserve. |
1930-1940 |
The old factory worked until
1930s, until a new one was opened
at Barlaston, six miles away, in 1940. |
1978
|
Hall, then an office building,
remained, but nothing of works except the Round
House. |
Evans,
Edward, ?-1846. |
|
Robert W. D's (CD's father's)
butler at The Mount, Shrewsbury. "A faithfull friend and servant"—Brent
p. 18. His wife
was also in R. W. D's employ. |
Evans,
Mrs Margaret |
|
Born in Shrewsbury, niece of
Edward E. Margaret E. was at Down House "for nearly forty
years"—Woodall p. 39. Known as "Evvy". The "Mrs" is honorary,
but
E later made an eminently
suitable marriage in the village—Bernard D p. 15. |
1871-1882 |
Nurse to Leonard D then cook at
Down
House. |
1881 |
wages were £36 per annum. |
1882 |
E attended CD's funeral. She had
a
ticket for
Jerusalem Chamber but was asked to join family mourners in the Choir. |
Evans, Mary Ann,
1819-1880. |
|
Novelist under pseudonym
"George Eliot". DNB EB. |
1854-1878
|
E was
common-law wife of G. H. Lewes. |
1873 |
E with Lewes visited Down House
for lunch. |
1874 |
E attended seance with CD and ED
at R. D. Litchfield's house. |
1879 |
Oct. CD and ED called
after Lewes's death. |
1880 |
Married J. W. Cross, a New York
Banker. |
Everest,
Robert, 1799-1860.
|
|
Anglican priest. CD to E on
degeneration of British dogs in India in Variation. Letter
from CD to E in
Sotheby sale, Honeyman III, 1979 May.
|
1850-1860
|
At Calcutta.
|
Evolution
|
1832 |
Geological use, Lyell, Principles
2:11. |
1871 |
First use of the word in CD's
sense is in Descent of man. |
1872 |
First use in Origin is
in 6th
edition, 1872, 201 twice and 424 three times. |
|
Evolved is the last
word in all editions of Origin. |
Evolution
by Natural Selection |
1959 |
See
Loewenberg, B. J. |
Ewald,
Julius Wilhelm, 1801-1891. |
|
German geologist. |
1878 |
E seconded CD's election to
Berlin Academy as Corresponding Member. |
Ewart,
Rev. Henry C. |
|
Anglican priest. |
1882 |
Article
by in Sunday Mag. on sermons preached about CD, after
Westminster Abbey memorial service of 1 May—Atkins 50. |
Ewart,
James Cossor, 1851-1933. |
|
Zoologist. |
1881 |
CD to Romanes, unable to give E
a testimonial [for Edinburgh chair] because he has already given one
for E. R. Lankester. Thinks that E is fit for the appointment,
remembers interesting interview with E on bacteria at University
College London laboratory—Carroll 604, 614. |
1882-1927 |
Prof. Zoology Edinburgh. |
1893 |
FRS. |
1899 |
Pennycuik experiments,
on telegony in horses, a theory in which CD once believed. |
Expression
of the Emotions
|
1872 |
The expression
of the emotions in man and animals. See also
Queries about expression. Oscar Rejlander posed himself
for some of the
pictures, including "surprised man". Others taken by Duchenne de
Boulonge. |
|
First issue has last signature
2B22C3 (F1141); second issue 2B12C4
(F1142). |
|
First issue has plates numbered
in Arabic; second issue,
sometimes Arabic, sometimes Roman. |
1969 |
Facsimile (F1175). |
1890 |
2nd edition (F1146),
edited by Francis D. |
|
First foreign editions: |
1872 |
German (F1187), Russian
(F1206). |
1873 |
Dutch (F1182), Polish (F1203),
USA (F1143). |
1874 |
French
(F1184). |
1878 |
Italian (F1200). |
?1902 |
Spanish (F1214). |
1963 |
Hungarian
(F1199). |
1964 |
Czech (F1181). |
1967 |
Romanian (F1205). |
[page] 138
|
|
"Extinct
Mammalia in the Neighbourhood of the Plata" |
1837 |
"A sketch of the deposits
containing extinct Mammalia in the
neighbourhood of the Plata", Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:542-544
(Bi44,
F1646). |
Eyre,
Edward John, 1815-1901. |
|
Australian explorer. DNB. |
1864 |
Governor of Jamaica. |
1865 |
E put down a negro insurrection.
|
1866 |
CD
supported J. S. Mill's attempt to prosecute E for murder. |
|
CD subscribed
to Jamaica Fund—LLiii 53. |
Eyton,
Thomas Campbell, 1809-1880. |
|
Known as "Tom". Ornithologist
and
specialist in skeletal variation. Donnerville House, Wellington,
Shropshire. 23rd
heir of the Eytons of Eyton. Anti-Origin. CD remembers hunting
and
fishing with him in their
youth—Carroll 353. DNB. |
|
At Cambridge with CD and shot
with him in vacations. |
1835
|
Married Elizabeth Frances
Slaney.
|
1839 |
E examined
birds from Beagle voyage for Zoology of Beagle, and
wrote appendix to Pt III, 147-156. |
|
Much correspondence with CD on
skeletal variation. |
1868 |
E sent CD his Osteologia
avium,
Wellington 1867. |
[page 139]
F
|
|
"F"
|
after
1868 |
= Father, used by ED in writing
to her sons when
they were grown up. |
|
"I would as soon be called
Dod"—CD. |
Fabre,
Jean Henri Casimir, 1823-1915.
|
|
French entomologist. |
1880 |
CD to F, praising Souvenirs
entomologiques, 1879-1907. |
1880-1881 |
CD letters to—MLi 385. |
Fairfax,
Mary, 1780-1872. |
|
Physical scientist. CD's letters
to F at Somerville College
Oxford—Patterson
1969 Brit. J. Hist. Sci. 4:336. |
1812
|
Married as second husband
William Somerville. |
1869 |
On molecular and microscopic
science. For this CD lent her woodblocks
from Orchids. |
1870 |
S agreed to H. W. Bates revising
her Physical geography,
6th ed, but not to "infuse any Darwinism in it". |
Falconer,
Hugh, 1808-1865. |
|
Physician and
palaeontologist. Often at
Down House on his return from India. |
1830 |
Went to India as Assistant
Surgeon,
Bengal. |
1832 |
Superintendent of Botanic
Garden, Saharunpur. |
1845 |
FRS. |
1848 |
Superintendent of Botanic
Garden, Calcutta. |
1859 |
Was living at Torquay
for his health—MLi 455. |
1861 |
F offered a live Proteus
anguinus
to CD. |
1864 |
F proposed CD for Copley Medal
of Royal Society. |
1868 |
Palaeontological memoirs,
2 vols. |
Falkland
Islands
|
|
British colony in South
Atlantic. |
1833 |
Mar. 1 "The present inhabitants
consist of
one
Englishman (Dixon) who has resided here for many years and now has
charge of the British Flag, 20 spaniards and three women, two of whom
are negresses"—CD Diary p. 138-9—Keynes p. 118, writing of Port
Louis. |
1834 |
Mar. 16 Beagle at
Berkeley Sound in East Falkland, Port Louis at
head of sound. CD explored and returned Mar. 19. |
|
Port Darwin, at head
of
Choiseul Sound, named after CD. He crossed the isthmus near to it on
Mar. 17. |
"Falkland
Islands geology" |
1846 |
"On the geology of the
Falkland Islands", Quart. J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.),
2:267-279 (Bi 203, F1674). |
Farrar,
Frederic William, 1831-1903. |
|
Anglican
priest. Rector of St Margaret's Westminster. DNB EB. |
1858 |
Eric or
little by little. |
1865 |
CD to F, congratulating him on Origin
of language. |
1866 |
FRS. |
1882 |
Pallbearer at CD's funeral. |
1883 |
Archdeacon
and Rural Dean of Westminster.
|
Farrer,
Cecilia Frances
|
1882 |
F was on "Family Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1885 |
Married Sir Stafford
Henry Northcote, 8th Bart, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh
1885. |
Farrer, Emma
Cecilia, 1854-1946. |
|
Only daughter of Sir
Thomas Farrer. Known as "Ida". CD's
daughter-in-law. CD liked to hear her singing Sullivan's "Will he
come"—LLi 124. |
1880 |
Married Sir Horace
Darwin. |
from 1893
|
The Honourable.
|
Farrer,
"Ida", see Emma Cecilia Farrer. |
Farrer,
Katherine Euphemia, see Wedgwood. |
[page] 140
|
|
Farrer,
Mary, ?-1905. |
|
Sister of Sir Thomas
Henry F. Married Arthur, Baron Hobhouse, 1819-1904. |
1878 |
CD to
Romanes, Lady Hobhouse is trustworthy—Carroll 547. |
Farrer,
Sir Thomas Henry, Bart, 1819-1899.
|
|
Botanist. Barrister and Civil
Servant.
Abinger Hall, Dorking, Surrey. DNB EB. |
|
Married 1 Frances
Erskine. 3 sons, 1 daughter: Emma Cecilia ("Ida"). |
|
Married 2 Katherine Euphemia
Wedgwood s.p. |
1873 |
Aug. CD visited there for first
time and often later which he much enjoyed. |
1883 |
1st Bart. |
1893 |
Baron. |
Farrington,
Benjamin |
1966 |
What Darwin really
said, London. Selections by F. |
Fawcett,
Henry,
1833-1884. |
|
Political economist and
statesman. Blind. Biography:
Leslie Stephen, 1885. DNB. |
1860 |
F was present at Oxford
British Association meeting. |
1861 |
F was at Manchester British
Association meeting and spoke in defence of Origin. |
1861 |
F to
CD, on J. S. Mill's opinion of the logic of Origin—MLi 189. |
1862 |
"On the method of Mr. Darwin in
his treatise on the origin of
species", Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., for 1861, 141. |
1863-1884 |
Prof. Political Economy
Cambridge. |
1880-1884 |
Postmaster General.
|
1882 |
FRS. |
Fayrer,
Sir Joseph, Bart, 1824-1907. |
|
Physician and
toxicologist in India. F provided
cobra venom for Insectivorous plants. |
1877 |
FRS. |
1896 |
1st Bart. |
Fegan,
James William Condell, 1852-1925.
|
|
Evangelical
worker amongst poor boys in South London. Biography: W. Y.
Fullerton [1930], contains letter from CD to F about the Reading Room. |
1872 |
Founder of Fegan's Homes,
Deptford. |
1880 |
His parents, probably James F,
1808-1880, and wife Anna, ?-1907, (gravestone in Downe Churchyard),
moved to Downe on retirement. CD lent
him the village Reading Room, which he called the "Gospel Room". |
1881 and
later |
F brought boys from his home to
camp at Downe. They sang
for CD who gave them 6d each. F also reclaimed drunks in the village
and "did much good there"—EDii 244, Atkins 52. |
Fellowes,
Catherine, ?1900.
|
|
Daughter of Isaac Fellowes, 5th
Earl
of
Portsmouth and Lady Evelina Alicia
Juliana
Herbert. |
1843 |
Married Seymour Phillips Allen. |
Fernando
de Noronha |
|
Atlantic oceanic islands,
belonging to Brazil. |
1832 |
Feb. 20 Beagle
anchored off and CD
ashore. |
Ferrier,
Sir David, 1843-1928. |
|
Physician. Prof. Neuropathology
King's College London. |
1877 |
FRS. |
1881 |
F was
prosecuted under Vivisection Act. CD had met at C. L. Brunton's house
and offered to subscribe towards the expenses of the case—MLii 437, Brit.
Med.
J.,
2:917, 1881. |
1911 |
Kt. |
[page] 141
|
|
Fertilisation
of Flowers |
1883 |
Hermann Müller, The
fertilisation of flowers, London; preface, vii-x, by CD (F1432).
Translation, by D'Arcy W. Thompson, of Befruchtung der Blumen
durch Insekten, Leipzig 1873. |
1950 |
Foreign edition, CD's preface
only:
Russian (F1433) 1950. |
Fertilisation
of Orchids, see Orchids. |
"Fertilisation
of Plants" |
1877 |
Gardeners' Chronicle,
7:246 (Bii 191, F1780). |
"Fertilisation
of winter-flowering plants" |
1869 |
Nature,
Lond., 1:85 (Bii 160). |
Ffinden,
George Sketchley, 1836/37-1911 Jun. 20 aged 74. |
|
Anglican priest. Olive Willis
described him as "that wicked
man"—Atkins 48. Memorial in Downe church. |
1871-1911 |
ff was Vicar of Downe, he was
generally disliked. |
1896 |
Mrs
Ffinden is mentioned with nursemaid and baby in an elegant
goat-carriage—ED. |
Fife,
George, 1807-1857. |
|
Physician of
Newcastle-on-Tyne. Naturalist friend of CD at Edinburgh. |
Figueroa, Augustín, Military Administrator of the Spanish Settlement of Port Soledad, Falkland Islands 1784-1786. |
Findon,
Mr |
|
Mr Findon's son, then a
schoolboy at
boarding school, of Downe—Atkins 104.?= Ffinden. |
"Fine
Dust Which Falls on Vessels in the Atlantic" |
1846 |
"An account of the fine dust
which often falls on vessels in the
Atlantic ocean", Quart. J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.),
2:26-30 (Bi
199,
F1672). The dust was analysed for protozoan content by Ehrenberg q.v. |
Finnish |
|
First edition in: Origin of
species
(F653) 1928. |
Fish, David
Taylor, 1824-1901. |
|
Professional gardener
and horticultural journalist. |
1868 |
CD called F an 'excellent gardener' in Variation |
1869 |
F objected to CD's views on earthworms, Gardeners' Chronicle 17 April, 1869, p. 418, prompting CD's response in F1745. |
1882 |
Apr. 29 F wrote fine obituary
tribute to CD, Gardeners' Chronicle—Allan, 295-296, Boulger
and
Britten. |
Fisher, Mrs,
see A. B. Buckley. |
Fisher,
Florence Henrietta, 1864-1920. |
|
Author of Six plays,
Cambridge 1921. |
|
Married 1 Frederic
William Maitland. |
|
Married 2 Sir Francis
Darwin as 3rd wife s.p. |
Fiske, John,
1842-1901. |
|
American evolutionist and
theoretical biologist. |
1871 |
CD to F, with invitation to
visit Down
House when he came to England—LLiii 193. |
1874 |
F sent CD Outlines
of cosmic philosophy, 2 vols, "I never in my life read so lucid an
exposition"—MLi 333. |
1879 |
Darwinism and other essays,
London. |
1884 |
Excursions of an evolutionist,
London. |
1884 |
The
destiny of man viewed in the light of his origin, Boston. |
1885 |
The
idea of God as affected by modern knowledge, London. |
Fitton,
William Henry, 1780-1861. |
|
Physician and
geologist. |
1815 |
FRS. |
1838 |
Aug. CD dined with at Athenaeum. |
[page] 142
|
|
Fitz-Roy, Robert, R.N., 1805-1865.
|
|
Surveyor and
meteorologist. Son of Lord Charles Fitz-Roy, second son of
3rd Duke of Grafton, bastard descendant of Charles II.
F's name is variously spelt; I have used that given in DNB. DNB EB. |
1818 |
Entered RN College,
Dartmouth. |
1828-1830
|
1828 Nov. 13-1830 Nov. F was in
command of Beagle from death
of Commander Stokes in Aug. 1828 until end of 1st voyage. |
1828
|
Commander.
|
1831 |
1831 Jun.-1836
Nov. in command of Beagle for whole of 2nd voyage. |
|
"...whether much hot coffee had
been
served out this morning"—junior officers' query about F's temper—
Keynes p. 15 |
|
CD's opinion of his character
"Fitz-Roy's character
was a very singular one, with many noble features: he was devoted to
his duty, generous to a fault, bold, determined, indomitably energetic,
and an ardent friend to all under his sway": "Fitz-Roy's temper was a
most unfortunate one"—Barlow, Autobiography 72-73. |
1832 |
F's
opinions of CD's character are given in his letters to Beaufort, 1832
Apr. 28 "Darwin is a regular trump". Aug. 15 "He has a mixture of
necessary qualities which make him feel at home, and happy, and makes
everyone his friend"—Francis D, Nature, Lond., 88:547-548,
1912; Barlow, Cornhill, 72: 493-510, 1932, which also
contains the best account of CD's relationship with F. |
1835 |
Dec. Captain. |
1836 |
Dec. 1 married Mary O'Brien. |
1838 |
Sketch by P. G. King in Mitchell
Library,
Sydney, reproduced in Keynes p. 16.
|
|
"Dr Wallich gave me a collection
of photographs which he
had made and I was struck with the resemblance of one to FitzRoy; on
looking at the name I found it Ch. E. Sobieski Stuart, Count d'Albanie,
illegitimate descendant of the same monarch"—CD Autobiography. |
1839 |
F edited Narrative
of the surveying voyages of...Adventure and Beagle, and
also wrote an earlier brief account of the 2nd voyage, with a little on
the 1st, J. R. Geogr. Soc., 6:311-343, 1836. |
1849-1850 |
Commanded Arrogant,
Steam Frigate. |
1857 |
Rear Admiral. |
1863 |
Vice
Admiral. |
1843-1845 |
Governor-General New Zealand. |
1851 |
FRS, was proposed by CD. |
1854-1865
|
Chief Statician [Statist],
Meteorological Department, Board of Trade. |
1857 |
F visited Down
House, the last time he and CD met. |
1859 |
F wrote to CD re Origin. |
1859 |
Dec. CD to Lyell, enclosing a
letter printed in The Times signed "Senex", "It is I am sure
by
Fitz-Roy...It is a pity he did not add his theory of the extinction
of Mastodon, etc., from the door of the Ark being made too
small"—MLi 129. "What a mixture of conceit and folly, and the greatest
newspaper in the world inserts it"—Carroll 182. |
1860 |
F was at Oxford
meeting of British Association to give famous
paper on British storms. Strongly anti-Origin, he is
said to have walked out of the lecture room holding a bible over his
head and exclaiming "The Book! the Book!" The story comes from George
Griffith and A. G. Vernon Harcourt, who were both present—Poulton, Darwin
and the Origin, 66. |
1865 |
Apr. 30 F committed suicide at
his home
at
Norwood, Surrey. |
Flameng,
Leopold , 1831-1911. |
|
French engraver. |
1881 |
F
engraved the John Collier oil portrait of CD. Copies are signed by
artist and engraver. |
Fletcher,
Mr |
1844 |
F was schoolmaster at Downe. CD
sent F his mss of species theory for fair copy, now at Cambridge. |
[page] 143
|
|
Fletcher,
Harriet, 1799-1842. |
|
Of Isle of Wight. Daughter of
Sir
Richard F. |
1834 |
Married William Darwin
Fox. |
Fletcher,
Sir
Richard, Bart, R.E. |
|
Father of Harriet F. Killed
at
Zaragoza in Peninsular War. |
Flourens,
Marie Jean Pierre, 1794-1867. |
|
French
physiologist.
Influential anti-Origin. F was Perpetual Secretary
Academy of Sciences. |
1864 |
Examen du livre de M.
Darwin
sur l'origene des espèces, Paris. |
Flower,
Sir William Henry, 1831-1899. |
|
Mammalogist. |
1864 |
CD to F, about supposed sixth
toe
in frogs—MLi 251. |
1864 |
FRS. |
1873 |
"On palaeontological evidence of
gradual
modification of animal forms", J. Roy. Instn., pp. 94-104. |
1877 |
F to CD, he
had examined a pig's foot with an extra digit sent to CD by O.
Zacharias—Carroll 510-512. |
1882 |
F was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1884-1898
|
Director British Museum (Natural
History). |
1892 |
KCB. |
"Flowers
and Insects" |
1877 |
"Fritz Müller on flowers
and insects", Nature, Lond., 17:78, introducing a letter from
Müller, ibid., 17:78-79 (Bii 211, F1781). |
Flowers
and Their Unbidden Guests |
1878 |
Kerner [Von
Marilaun, Freiherr], Anton, Flowers and their unbidden
guests, London, prefatory letter by CD v-vi (F1318); translation
by W. Ogle of Die Schützmittel der Bluthen gegen unberufene Gaste,
Innsbruck 1876. |
"Flowers"
|
1861 |
"Cause of variation of flowers",
J.
Hort.,
1:211 (Bii 43, F1715). |
1866 |
"Partial change in sex in
unisexual flowers", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 6:127 (Bii 130,
F1735). |
Flustra
|
|
CDs paper to Plinian Soc. ref.
to
pp. 201-3 in Journal,
add ref. to previous discovery by Sir John Dalyell. |
"Flycatcher"
|
|
CD's nickname used by all ranks
on Beagle. |
Flyer
|
|
A cob used for pulling the coach
at Down
House. |
circa 1882 |
"An old white mare living in
honourable retirement in
the field"—Bernard D p. 13. |
Foliation
|
1846-1856
|
CD's views on geological
foliation—MLii 199-210. |
Forbes,
David, 1828-1876. |
|
Geologist. Geological
correspondent of CD in general. Brother of Edward F. DNB. |
1856 |
FRS. |
1860 |
CD to Hooker, CD praises F's
work on geology of Chile. |
Forbes,
Edward, 1815-1854. |
|
Naturalist. Brother of David F.
Often at
Down House. A brilliant natural
historian, but less sound on theoretical matters. Founder and moving
spirit of the Red Lion Club, a convivial group of the British
Association. Biography: Wilson and Geikie 1861.
DNB. |
1843-1854 |
Prof. Botany King's College
London. |
1845 |
FRS. |
1848 |
Married Emily Ashworth. 2 sons,
1 daughter: 1. Edward born 1849 died at birth, 2. Edward born
1850, 3. Jane Teare born 1852.
|
1849 |
Nov. 20 CD to Lyell, "after more
doubt and misgiving
than I almost ever felt, I voted to recommend Forbes for Royal Medal,
and that was carried, Sedgwick taking the lead"—MLii 131. |
1854 |
Prof. Natural History Edinburgh. |
1854 |
CD praised his introductory
lecture at Edinburgh—MLi 78. |
1854
|
Died prematurely of kidney
failure. |
1855 |
CD to Hooker, "poor Forbes", "of
course I shall wish to subscribe
as soon as possible to any memorial"—MLi 95. |
1856 |
CD to Hooker, "but I
must confess (I hardly know why) I have got to mistrust poor dear
Forbes"—MLi 95. |
1868 |
CD to Hooker, "false
theories...that of
polarity, by poor Forbes"—MLi 305. |
[page] 144
|
|
Forbes,
Emily, see Ashworth. |
Forbes,
James David, 1809-1868. |
|
Physicist and
glaciologist.
CD sent specimens of rocks to F—FUL 105. |
1832 |
FRS. |
1833-1868
|
Prof. Natural Philosophy
Edinburgh. |
Ford
|
1817 |
CD remembers that, when he was
at Mr
Case's school, aged 8½, he went for a walk with F on the Church
Stretton road.—MLi 4. |
Ford
|
|
Cut most of the blocks for Descent
of man. |
1870 |
CD to A. Günther, praising their
quality—LLiii 121. |
Fordyce,
John |
1879 |
CD to F on theism—LLi 304, FUL
88. |
1883 |
Author of Aspects of
scepticism, London, which
prints the letter. |
Forel,
Auguste Henri, 1848-1931. |
|
Swiss entomologist,
especially of ants. |
1874 |
CD to F, having read Les
fourmis de la
Suisse, Zurich—LLiii 191. |
Forest,
The
|
|
Nickname for Woodhouse, Felton,
Shropshire, home of the Owen family.
|
Forms
of Flowers |
1877 |
The different forms of
flowers on plants of the same species, London (F1277). |
1878 |
2nd edition (F1279). |
1884 |
2nd edition, 3rd thousand
(F1281), with new preface by Francis Darwin. |
1969 |
1st edition facsimile
(F1294). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1877 |
German (F1297), USA (F1275). |
1878 |
French (F1296). |
1884 |
Italian (F1299). |
1948 |
Russian (F1302). |
1949 |
Japanese (F1297). |
1965 |
Romanian (F1301). |
Forster, Johann
George Adam,
1754-1797, and Forster, Johann Reinhold, 1729-1798. |
|
Father and son.
|
1772 |
J. R. F. FRS. |
1772-1775
|
Both were naturalists on
Commander James Cook's 2nd voyage. |
1857 |
CD's cognomen as Member of
Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina Germanica Naturae Curiosorum was
"Forster". |
Forster,
Miss Laura May, 1839-1924. |
|
A lifelong
friend of Henrietta Emma D. |
1879 |
Jun. F lent her house, West
Hackhurst,
Abinger Hammer, near Dorking, Surrey, to CD for a holiday. |
1881 |
Mar. F
stayed at Down House to recuperate from an illness. |
1892 |
Jul. F stayed
at Down House—E. M. Forster (nephew) Marianne Thornton, 1956.
|
Forster,
William Edward, 1818-1886. |
|
DNB. |
1861-1886 |
Liberal MP. |
1875 |
FRS. |
1875 |
Member of Vivisection
Commission—LLiii 201.
|
[page] 145
|
|
Forsyth,
Charles Codrington, 1812-? |
|
Born South Arlington, Devon.
Went
on 3rd voyage of Beagle.
Served in South Africa.
|
1832
|
Apr. joined Beagle as
Volunteer 1st Class.
|
1834
|
Junior Midshipman. |
1836 |
Oct. Midshipman on Beagle
on return from 2nd voyage. |
Foster,
Sir Michael, 1836-1907. |
|
Physician. F edited Scientific
memoirs of Huxley. DNB. |
1869-1883
|
Prof. Practical Physiology
University College London. |
1871 |
CD asks F for curare for
experiments for Insectivorous
plants, and inviting to Down House: F sent it—Carroll 400, 401. |
1872 |
FRS. |
1872 |
CD again invites to Down
House—Carroll 419. |
1875 |
F saw and agreed
to R. B. Litchfield's draft sketch for a vivisection bill—LLiii 204. |
1882 |
F was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1883-1903
|
Prof. Physiology Cambridge. |
1899 |
KCB. |
Foundations
of The Origin of species, see Sketches of 1842 and 1844.
|
Fox,
Alice Augusta Laurentia Lane, circa 1862-1947. |
|
Daughter of A. H. L. F.
later Pitt-Rivers. Under "Rivers" in Burke. |
1884 |
Married Sir John Lubbock. |
Fox,
Anne, see Darwin [III]. |
Fox,
Augustus Henry Lane, 1827-1900. |
|
Soldier, archaeologist,
anthropologist. Father-in-law of Sir John Lubbock. Father with Lubbock
of
evolution of culture. No evidence that F and CD ever met or
corresponded. |
1867 |
FRS. |
1877 |
Major
General. |
1880 |
Added "Pitt-Rivers" to
surname on inheritance. |
1882 |
Hon. Lieut.
General. |
Fox,
Frances |
|
Daughter of William Darwin Fox. |
1852 |
Married Rev.
J. Hughes. |
Fox,
Samuel
|
|
Married Anne Darwin [III].
Father of William Darwin
F. |
Fox,
Samuel William Darwin,
1841-? |
|
Son of William Darwin F. Vicar
of St Paul's, Maidstone, Kent.
|
1876
|
Married Euphemia Rebecca Bonar
of Edinburgh.
|
Fox,
Victor William Darwin,
1883-? |
|
Grandson of Rev. William Darwin
F.
|
Fox,
Rev. William Darwin,
1805-1880. |
|
Son of Samuel F and Anne. CD's
second
cousin. At Christ's College, Cambridge, with CD
and kept up correspondence. |
1827 |
"Became acquainted with Fox and
Way
and so commenced Entomology"—Journal. |
1828 |
CD stayed at family home,
Osmaston near Derby. |
1834 |
Married 1 Harriet Fletcher. |
1838-1873 |
Vicar of
Delamere, Cheshire. |
1846
|
Married 2 Ellen Sophia Woodd.
Had
11 children by 1853. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin.
|
1868 |
CD thanks F for a return on
sheep and cattle—Carroll 357. |
1870 |
Nov. CD
to F, will send copy of Descent when published. "It is very
delightful to me to hear that you, my very old friend, like my other
books"—Carroll 385. |
Franke,
Constance Rose, see Wedgwood. |
Franke,
Hermann, 1847-1908.
|
|
German geologist. Of Leipzig |
1880 |
Married Constance Rose Wedgwood
s.p. |
Frankland,
Sir Edward, 1825-1899. |
|
Organic chemist. F
did experiments for Insectivorous plants. DNB. |
1853 |
FRS. |
1865- |
Prof. Chemistry College of
Chemistry London. |
1897 |
KCB. |
Franklin
Literary Society, Indiana. |
1878 |
CD Honorary
Member. |
Fraser,
Elizabeth Frances, 1846-1898. |
|
Sister of General Sir
Thomas Fraser, a brother
officer of Leonard D. Known as "Bee". CD's daughter-in-law. |
1882 |
Married Leonard
D, s.p. |
|
"She was elegant, fastidious,
rustling in silk"—Bernard D p. 49.
|
Fred
|
|
A groom at Down House, later on.
"Fred...wore in his (tie) a metal horse-shoe which aroused unstinted
admiration"—Bernard D
p. 11. |
Freeman,
Richard Broke, 1915- |
|
See CD
bibliography, 1965, 1977; Humble bees; Queries about expression;
Questions about
the breeding of animals. |
[page] 146
|
|
Freke,
Henry, ?-1888. |
|
Irish. Eccentric theoretical
evolutionist. |
1860 |
Origin of species by means
of
natural affinity. |
1860 |
CD to Henslow, "Dr Freke has
sent me his paper,
which is far beyond my scope"—MLi 175. |
1861 |
CD to Hooker, his results
have been arrived at by "induction", whereas all my results are arrived
at only by "analogy"—LLii 359.
|
French
|
|
First editions in: |
1860 |
Journal of researches
(extracts only) (F180). |
1862 |
Origin of
species (F655). |
1868 |
Variation under
domestication (F912). |
1870 |
Fertilisation of orchids
(F818). |
1872 |
Descent of man (F1058).
|
1874 |
Expression
of the emotions (F1184). |
1875 |
Journal of researches
complete (F181). |
1877 |
Climbing plants (F858).
|
1877 |
Insectivorous plants
(F1237). |
1877 |
Cross and self fertilisation
(F1265). |
1877 |
Biographical sketch of an
infant (F1311). |
1878 |
Coral reefs
(F309). |
1878 |
Different
forms of flowers (F1296). |
1882 |
Movement in plants
(F1342). |
1882 |
Vegetable
mould and worms (F1403). |
1888 |
Life and letters
(F1514). |
1902 |
Volcanic islands
(F310). |
French,
Erasmus Darwin, fl.
1875.
|
|
Unqualified physician
working for mining prospectors in Darwin, now a ghost town in Inyo
County, California. Source of forenames unknown. |
Freshwater,
Isle of Wight. |
1868 |
Jul. 17-Aug. 20 CD
had
family holiday at. Photographed by Julia Margaret Cameron there. |
Friendly
Club, Downe, see Downe Friendly
Club. |
Frog
|
1879 |
Fritz Müller on a frog having
eggs on its
back—on the abortion of hairs on the legs of certain caddis-flies,
etc., Nature, Lond., 19:462-463; introducing a letter from
Müller, ibid., 19:463-464 (Bii 216, F1784). |
Fuegians
|
|
The Indian tribes of Tierra del
Fuego. |
|
The
best account of those encountered by the crew of the Beagle
as well as the history of Fuegia Basket, Jemmy Button, Boat Memory and
York Minster, the Fuegians brought to England on the first voyage,
three
returned on the second, is in Fitz-Roy's Narrative, 2, esp.
1-16, 119-227. |
|
Their later history and that of
Fuegians in general is
in E. L. Bridges, Uttermost part of the earth, 1947. |
"Fumariaceae"
|
1874 |
"Fertilisation of the
Fumariaceae", Nature,
Lond., 9:460 (Bii 182, F1769). |
[page 147]
G
|
|
Gaertner,
Carl Friedrich von,
1772-1850. |
1849 |
Versuche und
Beobachtungen uber die Bastarderzeugung im Pflanzenreich,
Stuttgart, which CD thought highly of. Frequently
referred to in Variation. Reprinted in Alexander Weinstein,
"How
unknown was Mendel's paper?" J.
Hist. Biol. 10:341-64 esp.pp. 347-8, 1977. |
1863 |
CD's paper "Vindication of
Gaertner—effect of crossing peas", Cottage Gardener 29:93, not in
Barrett; vindication is from aspersions by Donald Beaton. |
Gabinete
Portuguiz de Leitura, Pernambuco. |
1879 |
CD
Corresponding Member. |
Galapagos
Islands |
|
Ecuadorean Pacific islands,
90′-91′ W, 0′-1′ S. |
|
The importance of the fauna of
these islands, especially of the ground finches now called "Darwin's
finches" q.v., to the development of CD's early thoughts on evolution
has often been stressed. There is a large biological literature on
them, e.g. 1959 J. R. Slevin, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
No.
25,
1-150; 1963 Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 44:1-154; 1967 Nat.
geogr.
Mag.,
131:540-585. Frank J. Sulloway 1984 Biol. J. Linn. Soc.
2l:20-59; whole part
is
on the islands 21:1-258, and as a book, but not about CD.
|
|
Darwin
Foundation set up in Brussels 1959, Julian Sorrell Huxley first
President. H.Q. is at first buildings put up in 60s at Puerto Ayoro
on Santa Cruz. |
|
The National Park about 7,000
sq.
kilometres out of 8,000. National Park H.Q. is also at Puerto Ayoro.
The rest was in
the hands of about 5,000 Galapagans in 1978.
|
|
Airstrip was on Baltra (South
Seymour), a
legacy from World War II. |
1892 |
The whole archipelago was
renamed by Ecuador in
1892 Archipélago de Colón, but the old names are still used in English
writings on the group. The equivalent names are: Abingdon = Pinta;
Albemarle = Isabela; Barrington = Santa Fé; Bindloe = Marchena; Charles
= Floreana, Santa Maria; Chatham = San Cristóbal; Culpepper = Darwin;
Duncan =
Pinzón; Hood = Española; Indefatigable = Santa Cruz; James = Santiago,
San
Salvador; Jervis = Rabida; Narborough = Fernandina; South Seymour =
Baltra; Tower = Genovesa; Wenman = Wolf. |
|
CD was ashore as follows, from Beagle
log:
|
1835 |
Sep. 16 Beagle
arrived, CD landed St Stephen's Bay, Chatham, for 1 hour. |
|
Sep. 17 Chatham, St
Stephen's Bay, CD ashore after dinner. |
|
Sep. 18 Chatham, CD
long walk after dinner, top of hill. |
|
Sep. 21-22 Northeast Chatham, CD
and Covington slept ashore. |
|
Sep. 23 Charles, Post Office
Bay, CD
ashore collecting. |
|
Sep. 23 Charles, Black Beach, CD
ashore collecting. |
|
Sep. 29 Albemarle, CD ashore. |
|
Sep. 30 Albemarle, Tagus Cove,
CD ashore. |
|
Oct. 1 Albemarle, Tagus Cove, CD
ashore. |
|
Oct. 8 James, Sulivan Bay, CD,
Covington, Bynoe etc. camped ashore.
|
|
Oct. 17 James, Sulivan Bay,
party picked up again. |
|
Oct. 20 Beagle sailed
for Tahiti. |
1835 |
There was a penal settlement on
Charles. |
Galapagos
Islands Finches |
1837 |
John Gould, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond.,
pt. 5, No. 53, 1837. Members of the sub-family Geospizinae of the
buntings, Emberizidae, with special evolution on the islands. |
1837 |
CD,
"Remarks on the habits of the genera Geospiza,
Camarhynchus,
Cactornis and Certhidea", Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
Pt 5:49
(Bi 40, F1644). |
1839 |
J. researches, 378-380.
|
1946 |
D. Lack, Occ.
Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
No. 21. |
1947 |
D. Lack, Darwin's finches,
London. |
Galapagos
Islands Monument, Wreck Bay, Chatham. |
1935 |
Erected in 1935 with inscription
by Leonard D. Illustrated in Slevin, 136, 138. "Charles Darwin landed
on the Galapagos Islands in 1835
and his studies of the distribution of animals and plants thereon led
him for the first time to consider the problem of organic evolution.
Thus was started the revolution in thought on this subject which has
since taken place". |
[page] 148
|
|
Galapagos
Islands Research Station |
1964 |
Built by Charles
Darwin Foundation at Academy Bay, Indefatigable I. Dedicated 1964. |
Galapagos
Islands Stamps |
1935 |
Commemorative issue
by Ecuador, centenary of CD's visit; 2, 5, 10 and 20 centavos, with
map, marine iguana, giant tortoise and head of CD respectively. |
Galileo
Galilei, 1564-1642. |
1882 |
The comparison of CD
with Galileo, so often made, stems from Asa Gray's obituary notice,
1882 Apr., Amer. J. Sci and May, Proc. Amer. Acad.,
"What Galileo was to physical science in his time, Darwin is to
biological science in ours". |
Galton,
Darwin, 1814-1903. |
|
Of
Claverdon Leys, Warwickshire.
JP DL. Named after his mother Frances Anne Violetta née
Darwin. |
1840 |
Married 1 Mary
Phillips. |
1873 |
Married 2 Jane Arkwright. |
Galton,
Erasmus, 1815-?.
|
|
Son of Samuel Tertius G. Naval
officer.
|
Galton,
Frances Anne Violetta, see Darwin. |
Galton,
Sir Francis,
1822-1911. |
|
Eugenicist and
statistician. Ninth child of Samuel Tertius G. CD's half-first cousin.
G was a voluminous writer on many topics. Biography: K. Pearson,
1914-1930; D. W. Forrest,
1974. Archive calendar: M. Merrington and J. Golden, 1976. DNB EB. |
1839 |
Late Oct.or early Nov. visited
CD at Upper
Gower St when a student at King's College Hospital. |
1840 |
Oct. went to
Trinity College Cambridge. |
1853 |
Married Louisa
Jane Butler s.p. |
1860 |
FRS. |
1869 |
Hereditary
genius, London. |
1873 |
G sent CD a questionnaire
on education and background—LLiii 177. |
1874 |
English men of science,
London. |
1879 |
CD answered F's questions
on the faculty of visualising for Inquiries into human faculty,
1883, "I am inclined to agree with Francis Galton in believing that
education and environment produce only a small effect on the mind of
anyone, and that most of our qualities are innate"—Barlow, Autobiography
43. |
1908 |
Autobiography. |
1909 |
Kt. |
Galton,
Lucy, see Barclay.
|
Galton,
Lucy Harriot, 1809-48. |
|
Daughter of Samuel Tertius and
Violetta G. |
1832 |
Married James Moilliet of Choney
Court, Hereford. |
Galton, Mary
Anne, 1778-1856. |
|
First child of Samuel John G.
Known as "Mrs Skim". Strict
Moravian, a most tedious woman. Biography: C. C. Hankin, 2 vols, London
1858. |
1806 |
Married Lambert Schimmelpennick
s.p. |
Galton, Samuel
John, 1753-1832. |
|
Armament
manufacturer and Quaker. Married Lucy Barclay. Father of Samuel
Tertius G. Great Barr House, Stafford. Member of Lunar Society of
Birmingham. |
1785 |
FRS. |
1786-1791
|
Anonymous author of Natural
history of birds, 4
vols, London 1786-1791, a children's book. |
Galton, Samuel
Tertius, 1783-1844. |
|
Son of Samuel John
G. Father of Francis G. |
1807 |
Married Frances Anne Violetta
Darwin. |
circa
1824 |
Taught CD how to use a vernier
on a barometer at Shrewsbury. |
[page] 149
|
|
Galton,
Violetta, see Darwin. |
"Gardening"
|
1864 |
"Ancient gardening", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 41: 965 (Bii 93, F1732). |
Garth
|
1851 |
Jan. G went to British Museum
with CD to
look at W. P. Cocks's Irish cirripedes—FUL 93. ??misreading of mss. |
Gaskell,
Mrs Elizabeth Cleghorn, see
Stevenson. |
Gaudry,
Jean Albert, 1827-1908. |
|
French
palaeontologist. Calendar lists under Albert, J. G.
|
1868 |
CD to G, on reception of Origin
in
France and on paper in Geol. Mag., 372, 1868—LLiii 87. |
1868 |
G
was pro-Origin—LLiii 103. |
Gautrey,
Peter Jack |
|
Cambridge University
Library, long
responsible for CD archive. See Queries about expression. |
Geach,
Frederick F. |
|
Mining engineer in Malacca,
introduced to CD by Wallace. Answered queries about expression for
Malays and Chinese, see Emotions, 21. |
Gegenbaur,
Karl, 1826-1903. |
|
Prof. Anatomy
Heidelberg. Calendar gives "Carl".
|
1864 |
An early convert to CD's
views—MLi 257. |
Geikie,
Sir Archibald,
1835-1924. |
|
Geologist. Brother of James G.
DNB EB. |
1865 |
FRS. |
1881-1901
|
Director General Geological
Survey. |
1891 |
Kt. |
1907 |
KCB. |
1908-1913 |
PRS. |
1914 |
OM. |
1924 |
Autobiography: A long
life's work,
London. |
Geikie,
James, 1839-1915. |
|
Geologist. Brother of Sir
Archibald G. DNB EB. |
1875 |
FRS. |
1881 |
Prehistoric
Europe, London, contains extracts from 2 letters from CD, 141-142
(F1351). |
1882- |
Prof. Geology and Mineralogy
Edinburgh. |
Geographical
Society, Royal |
1838- |
CD Fellow. |
"Geological
Notes on Coasts of South America" |
1836 |
"Geological notes made during a
survey of the east and west coasts of
South America, in the years 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835, with an account
of a transverse section of the cordilleras of the Andes between
Valparaiso and Mendoza", Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:210-212 (Bi 16,
F1642); CD's first paper under his own name alone. |
Geological
Observations on Volcanic Islands and Coral
Formations |
1838 |
Advertised as a book, but title
abandoned and
work issued as two books, Coral reefs and Volcanic
islands
qqv. |
Geological
Society of London |
1836 |
Sep. 8 CD
proposed
by Sedgwick and Henslow.
|
|
Nov. 2 elected. Nov. 4 admitted. |
1838-1841 |
1838 Feb. 16-1841 Feb. 19 CD was
Secretary. Sir Henry T. De la
Beche
was Foreign Secretary at the time. |
1859 |
CD awarded Wollaston Medal,
which from 1846 to 1860 was made of palladium. |
1859 |
Feb. 18 Wollaston Medal
presented to Lyell for CD
in CD's absence through illness—Proc. geol. Soc. 1860
pp.xxii-iv. |
[page] 150
|
|
Geology
of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle |
1842,
1844, 1846
|
Intended as
one volume in 3 parts, but issued as 3 books, Coral reefs,
1842, Volcanic islands, 1844 and South America,
1846 qqv. |
1851 |
First appearance of the three
bound in one volume, a
remainder from unsold sheets (F274). |
1890 |
Ward Lock edition of the
three parts printed together (F279). |
Georgian
|
1951 |
First edition in: Journal
of
researches (F187). |
"Geospiza,
Camarhynchus, Cactornis
and Certhidea of Gould" |
1837 |
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
pt 5:46 (Bi 40, F1644). CD's
notes
on habits of Darwin's finches, following John Gould's descriptions of
CD's specimens from Galapagos Islands. There are four other papers by
Gould in part 5 on CD's South American birds, but without notes by CD. |
German
|
|
CD had great difficulty in
understanding the
German language. See
also Wien. |
1880 |
CD to R. L. Tait, "German,
which to almost all
Englishmen is a great trouble and sorrow"—N&R 81. |
|
Also CD to Hooker "I have begun
German". Hooker to CD "I have begun it many times". |
|
First editions in: |
1844 |
Journal of researches
(F188). |
1860 |
Origin
of species (F672). |
1862 |
Fertilisation
of orchids (F820). |
1868 |
Variation under
domestication (F914). |
1870 |
"On the tendency of species to
form varieties" (F365). |
1871-1872 |
Descent of man (F1065).
|
1872 |
Expression of the emotions
(F1187). |
1876 |
Coral reefs
(F311). |
1876 |
Climbing plants (F860). |
1876 |
Insectivorous
plants (F1238). |
1877 |
Volcanic islands (F312). |
1877 |
Cross and self fertilisation
(F1266). |
1877 |
Different forms of flowers
(F1297). |
1877 |
"Biographical sketch of an
infant" (F1343). |
1878 |
South America
(F313). |
1880 |
Erasmus Darwin
(F1323). |
1881 |
Movement in plants
(F1343). |
1882 |
Vegetable
mould and worms (F1404). |
1885 |
Essay on instinct
(F1443). |
1887-1888 |
Life and letters
(F1515). |
1891 |
Letters on geology (F6). |
Gibbs,
George, 1815-1873. |
|
Ethnologist of Smithsonian
Institution. |
1867 |
Mar. G wrote to CD about Queries
about expression,
which S. F. Baird had shown him. |
Gibson,
Lucie, ?-1939. |
|
Red-haired. From Cork.
|
1888 |
Married Cecil Wedgwood.
Governess to Mary W his half sister. |
?1915 |
Director of Wedgwoods after C's
death. |
Gide,
André, 1869-1951. |
|
"Je ne savais point que Darwin
était
uraniste. Qui vous a dit cela? Cette phrase ne la laisse-t-elle pas
entendre?"—1924 Corydon,
Troisième dialogue. The remarks refer to a
French translation of CD's comments on the male Tahitians, adding that
the females would look better if more dressed—J. Res. 2ed.
1845
p. 274 |
Gifford,
Lady Harriet Maria, see
Drewe. |
Gifford,
Robert, Baron |
|
Judge and M.P. Married Harriet
Drewe, 7 children. Woodchester, Stroud, Gloucestershire. |
1824 |
1st Baron. |
Gilbert,
Sir Joseph Henry, 1817-1901. |
|
Agricultural
chemist. DNB EB. |
1843-1901 |
At Rothamsted Experimental
Station. |
1860 |
FRS. |
1876 |
CD to G on soil without organic
matter; CD had met at
Linnean Society—LLiii 342. |
1893 |
Kt.
|
Gill,
Mr |
1835 |
Apr. 5 "When at Lima I was
conversing with a civil
engineer Mr.Gill, about ruins of houses in uninhabitable places—Diary
pp. 301-4, Keynes p. 274. |
"Glaciers
of Caernarvonshire" |
1842 |
"Notes on the
effects produced by the ancient glaciers of Caernarvonshire, and on the
boulders transported by floating ice", Phil. Mag.,
21:180-186 (Bi 163, F1660).
|
1842 |
CD visited Caernarvonshire in
May and
June. |
[page] 151
|
|
Gladstone,
Helen, 1849-1925. |
|
Youngest child of William
Ewart G. |
1882-1896
|
Vice-Principal Newnham College
Cambridge. |
1882 |
G was
on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Gladstone,
William Ewart, 1809-1898. |
|
Statesman. DNB EB. |
1876 |
G visited Down House in company
with Huxley, Lord
Morley, and Playfair, whilst staying at High Elms. How honoured CD
was "that such a great man should come and visit me"—Atkins 85. |
1877-1879 |
CD corresponded with, mostly on
behaviour—FUL 88-90. |
1880 |
G
arranged a Civil List pension for Wallace. |
1881 |
FRS. |
1881 |
Jan. G wrote personally
to CD about Wallace pension. |
Glasgow
|
1827 |
May CD visited on a spring
tour—Journal. |
1838 |
Jun. CD visited at end of
geological trip to Glen
Roy. |
1855 |
CD and ED went to British
Association meeting. |
Glass,
Dr |
|
Director of Botanic Garden, Rio
de
Janeiro, Brazil. |
1881 |
G wrote to CD about graft
hybrids of sugar cane. |
1882 |
CD to Romanes, about preparing a
paper by Villa Franca and G, Proc.
Linn. Soc. Lond.,
1880-1882: 30-31. |
Glen
Roy, Lochaber, Inverness-shire. |
|
1974 Martin Rudwick Studies
in Hist. Philosoph. Science
5:165-7. |
1838 |
End of
Jun. CD spent "8 good days there"—LLi 290. |
1839 |
"Observations on the
parallel roads of Glenroy, and of other parts of Lochaber, with an
attempt to prove that they are of marine origin", Phil. Trans.,
129:39-81 (Bi 89, F 1653). |
1841-1880 |
Full discussion and letters
about—MLii 171-193. |
1861 |
"My paper was one long gigantic
blunder from
beginning to end. Eheu! Eheu!"—MLi 188. |
1861 |
"I do believe every word
in my Glen Roy paper is false"—MLii 192. |
1876 |
"A good lesson
never to
trust in science to the principle of exclusion. A great failure"—LLi
69. |
1880 |
CD to Prestwich "I gave up the
ghost with more sighs and
groans than on almost any other occasion in my life"—Life of
Prestwich 300. |
Glenie, Rev.
Samuel Owen, 1811-1875. |
|
Anglican
clergyman. |
1868 |
G to CD,
answering Queries about expression, and on weeping in elephants—Emotions
167. |
1868 |
CD to Thwaites asking him to
thank G for "excellent
letter"—Carroll 354, 358. |
1871 |
Chaplain at Trincomalee, Ceylon,
retired 1871. |
Glutton
Club, see Gourmet Club, of which
it was a nickname. |
Goddard,
Right Rev. Isaac, 1836-1909. |
|
Chaplain for many years to the
Empress Eugenie.
|
1873 |
Priest at Chislehurst who
annoyed ED
by preaching about Louis Napoleon as if he were a saint. |
[page] 152
|
|
Goodacre, Francis Burges,
Rev. Dr. 1829-1885 |
1879 |
G sent CD hybrids between common
goose and Chinese goose which were apparently fertile—LLiii 240, Nature,
Lond., 21:207. The offspring of this cross is fertile. |
Goodwin,
Rev. Harvey, 1818-1891. |
|
Anglican priest and
mathematician. DNB. |
1869-1891
|
Bishop of Carlisle. |
1882 |
May 1
G preached sermon at CD's memorial service, Westminster Abbey, in place
of Archbishop of Canterbury, Archibald Campbell Tait, who
withdrew at short notice—Atkins 49. |
"Goose"
|
1880 |
"Fertility of hybrids from the
common and
Chinese goose", Nature, Lond., 21:207 (Bii 219, F1786). See
also Goodacre. |
Goree
Roads, eastern end of Beagle Channel,
Tierra del Fuego. |
1833 |
Jan. 15-Feb. 9. Beagle
at. |
Gorringes
|
|
A house near Downe. A Sir
Hugh
Lubbock and a Mrs Forrest are recorded as living there—Atkins
104. |
1926-1954
|
Later home of Bernard Richard
Meirion Darwin. |
Gosse,
Philip Henry, 1810-1888.
|
|
Naturalist and
Plymouth Brother. Biography: Edmund Gosse
(son), 1890 Life; 1907 Father and son. DNB. |
1856 |
FRS. |
1861 |
CD read some book of his,
Francis D
suggests Naturalist's sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, but more
likely Letters from Alabama, 1859. |
1863 |
CD to G, on
fertilisation of orchids, which G cultivated. |
Gould,
John, 1804-1881. |
|
Ornithologist. Taxidermist to
Zoological Society of London. Producer of sumptuous bird
books. DNB. |
1837 |
G described CD Beagle
birds in Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond. (F1643, 1644) with notes on habits by CD and others
without. |
1838-1841 |
Zoology of Beagle, Pt
III, Birds
q.v. (F8). |
1843 |
FRS. |
Gourmet Club
|
|
Formed by CD and friends at
Cambridge,
nicknamed "Glutton Club". CD was at one time President. Members
included
Blane, Lovett Cameron, Heaviside, Herbert, Lowe, Watkins and Whitley
qq.v.—N&R 65. |
Gower Street,
No. 110, see Upper Gower St
No. 12. |
Graham,
John, 1794-1865.
|
1829 |
G was an examiner for
Little-go at Cambridge. |
1830-1848 |
Master of Christ's College. |
Graham, William,
1839-1911. |
|
Prof. Jurisprudence
Queen's College Belfast. DNB. |
1881 |
CD to G, on reading his Creed
of
science, London—LLi 315. |
Grange
estate
|
circa 1830 |
Inherited by Edward Simcoe
Drewe, near Honiton, Devon. |
Grange,
The, see Newnham Grange. |
[page] 153
|
|
Grant
& Maddison, Bankers, Southampton. |
|
Looked after CD's investments. |
1862-1902
|
William
Erasmus D a partner. |
1902 |
Taken
over by Lloyd's. |
Grant,
Miss |
1857 |
Governess at Down House for six
months. |
Grant,
Robert Edmond,
1793-1874. |
|
Zoologist and
physician. G was with CD at Edinburgh and they collected
on the sea-shore together. Biography:
Freeman 1964. DNB. |
1827-1874 |
Prof. Zoology and Comparative
Anatomy University
College London. |
1836 |
FRS. |
1836 |
G was willing to examine Beagle
corallines. |
1861 |
G dedicated his Tabular
view of the primary
divisions of the animal kingdom to CD, with a long letter about
G's early views on evolution. |
1861
|
G is mentioned in the historical
sketch
of 1861, but not in the USA and German versions of 1860. |
1876 |
"He did
nothing more in science, a fact which has always been inexplicable to
me"—Autobiography. |
|
Huxley of G: "I met nobody,
except Dr. Grant, of
University College, who had a word to say for Evolution—and his
advocacy was not calculated to advance the cause"—LLii 188. |
1984 |
Two papers stressing G's
pre-darwinian lamarckist
views 1984 Adrian Desmond J. Hist. Biol. 17:189-223, Arch.
Nat.
Hist.
11:395-413. |
Grasmere,
Westmorland. |
1879 |
Aug. CD visited on day
trip from Coniston. |
Gray,
Asa, 1810-1888. |
|
American botanist. Intimate
friend and
correspondent of CD. Biography:
Jane Loring Gray (wife), 2 vols, 1894. Letters are at Gray
Herbarium, Harvard.
EB. |
1842- |
Fisher Prof. Natural History
Harvard. |
1855 or
before |
CD met at Kew. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st
edition Origin. |
1860 |
"Natural selection not
inconsistent with
natural theology", Atlantic Monthly, Jul., Aug., Oct. |
1861
|
Oct. Produced in London as a
pamphlet
at CD's expense. Letters on
its distribution; CD presented thirty-two copies—Darwin-Gray 92-93. |
1862 |
Hooker to CD "A. Gray knows no
more of the philosophy
of the 'struggle for life' than the Bishop of Oxford does"—L. Huxley Life
and letters of Hooker II, p. 41, 1918. The remark refers to the
American civil war. |
1868 |
Oct. 24 dined at Down House and
stayed. |
1873 |
Foreign Member
RS. |
1877 |
Forms of flowers is
dedicated to G. 1876 Darwiniana, New York. |
1939 |
Correspondence with CD
calendared by Historical Records Survey with introduction by Bert
Loewenberg 1939, reprint 1973. |
Gray,
George Robert, 1808-1872. |
|
Younger brother of John Edward
G. Zoologist. Assistant Natural History Department, Bristish Museum.
DNB. |
1839-1841 |
G
wrote much of the text for J. Gould's Birds, pt III of Zoology
of Beagle, when Gould was in Australia. |
1866 |
FRS. |
1869 |
CD refused to write
testimonial for G on grounds that he did not know enough of G's
work—FUL 90-93. |
Gray,
John Edward, 1800-1875. |
|
Elder brother of George Robert
G. Zoologist. Biography: Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist.,
15:218, 1875. DNB. |
1832 |
FRS. |
1840-1874 |
Keeper of Zoology, British
Museum. |
1854 |
CD to G—FUL 93. |
1856 |
To Mrs Lyell,
suggesting that she offer a
collection of beetles to G for the Museum—MLi 84. |
[page] 154
|
|
Great
Cumberland Street, London. |
1830 |
No. 14 home of Sir
James Mackintosh and his daughter, Mrs Rich. |
Great
Marlborough Street, London. |
1837-1838
|
No. 36 CD's
lodgings 1837 Mar. 13-1838 Dec. 30. |
from
before 1837 |
No. 43 home of Erasmus Alvey D. |
Great
Pucklands, see Pucklands. |
Greek
|
|
First editions in: |
1900 |
Journal of researches
(F206). |
1915 |
Origin of species
(F698). |
Green,
Rev. John Richard, 1837-1883. |
|
Historian.
DNB. |
1860 |
G was present, as an
undergraduate student, at British Association Oxford meeting. He
described the scene to Boyd Dawkins, then a fellow student—LLii. 322. |
1869- |
Librarian at Lambeth Palace. |
Greg,
William Rathbone, 1809-1881. |
|
Social essayist. |
1878 |
CD to G, on G's son's views on
and objections to CD's views on
evolution—Carroll 557. |
Gresson,
Rev. G. T. |
|
Of Worthing. |
before 1863
|
Second master at Bradfield
College,
"a great dandy who wore white flannel
trousers, a delicately tinted shirt, a purple velvet cap with tassel
and primrose gloves for football"—Blackie, Bradfield 1850-1975,
37, 1976. |
1863 |
Innes
suggested G as a possible tutor to CD's sons—Darwin-Innes 216. |
Gretton,
Frederick Edward, 1802-1890. |
|
Was at Shrewsbury School and a
friend
of Erasmus Alvey D. Anglican priest. |
1844-72 |
Headmaster
Stamford Grammar School. |
1889 |
Of CD: "I just remember him—a
dullish
apathetic lad, giving no token of his after-eminence"—Memory's
harkback p. 33. |
Greville
House, Paddington Green, London. |
1822 |
Jan.
ED and sister Frances at school there for one year. Headmistress Mrs
Mayer—EDi 142. |
Greville,
Robert Kaye, 1794-1866.
|
|
Botanist, expert on cryptogams
especially Scottish. Read medicine at Edinburgh but did not qualify.
Philanthropist.
|
|
Collected with CD of shores of
Firth of Forth, including Isle of May; "He had actually to lie down on
the greensward to enjoy his prolonged cachinnation" (at the cries of
kittiwakes)—F. W. Ainsworth p. 604, 1883 May 13. |
1856 |
M.P. for Edinburgh. |
Grey, Sir
George, 1812-1898. |
|
Governor of NZ, later of
South Africa. Long-term correspondence with
CD mostly on geology. 1902 ?N.Z. Herald,
Auckland Sep. 6, W. L. and Lily Rees biography 1892. |
1837 |
Travelled to Australia in Beagle
on 3rd voyage, occupying CD's old cabin. |
1855 |
CD to G "I have during many
years been
collecting all the facts and reasoning which I could to the variation
and origin of species" ??earliest use of phrase. |
Griesbach, A. W.
|
|
Newsletter
of the Geological
Curators Group I, no. 2, pp. 49-50, 1974. |
1864 |
B. D. Walsh to CD, G
introduced W to CD at Christ's College, Cambridge "more than thirty
years ago"—MLi 249. |
Grieve,
Symington, 1848-1932. |
|
Ornithologist, expert
on great auk. |
1882 |
Mar. 22 CD to G, on floating
stones supporting fuci. |
Griffin,
R. & Co., Publishers, London. |
1860 |
CD
corrected his own entry in their Comprehensive dictionary of
biography—FUL 94. |
Gros,
near Abergele, Denbighshire. |
1813 |
CD went with
family for sea bathing—Journal. |
Grote,
George, 1794-1871. |
|
Historian and
educationalist. DNB. |
1857 |
FRS. |
1862- |
Vice-Chancellor University of
London. |
1840s
|
In the 40s CD met at Lord
Stanhope's—LLi 76. |
[page] 155
|
|
Grove,
The, Hartfield, Sussex. |
until
1862 |
Home of Charles
Langton. |
Grove,
The, Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge. |
1882-1896
|
ED
moved there for the winters. |
Grove,
Sir William Robert, 1811-1896. |
|
Physicist and
barrister. |
1840 |
FRS. |
1866 |
CD to Hooker, G as
President of British Association, Nottingham, "disappointed in the part
about Species; it dealt in such generalities that it would apply to any
view or no view in particular"—LLiii 48. |
1871 |
Kt. |
1880 |
Judge. |
"Growth"
|
1877 |
"Growth under difficulties", Gardeners'
Chronicle, 8:805 (Bii 213, F1782). |
Gruber,
Howard E. |
1974 |
Darwin on man. A
psychological study of scientific creativity; together with Darwin's
early and unpublished notebooks, London. Transcriptions by Paul E.
Barrett of M & N notebooks with extracts from B-E, Essay on
theology and natural selection, Questions for Mr. Wynne (F1582). |
Gulick, John
Thomas, 1832-1923. |
|
USA missionary and
naturalist. |
1872 |
CD to G, G to CD, about
extremely limited
distribution of species, especially land molluscs in the Sandwich
Islands (Hawaii)—Carroll 421-423. |
Gully,
James Manby, 1808-1883. |
|
Physician. In charge
of cold water cure at The Lodge, Malvern. DNB. |
1849 |
When CD first went to
Malvern, G made him give up snuff. |
Günther,
Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf, 1830-1914. |
|
Zoologist. On staff of British
Museum (Natural History). |
1867 |
FRS. |
1869 |
G gave CD information on sexual
differences in fish. |
1870 |
G arranged
for cutting of blocks for Descent by Ford. |
1871 |
Feb. G at
Down House—FUL 95. |
1882 |
G was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for
CD's funeral. |
Gunville
Tarrant, Dorset. |
1799 |
Bought by Josiah Wedgwood [II]. |
1800-1805 |
Home of Josiah Wedgwood [III]. |
1803 |
Jos
bought Maer Hall, but continued at G. |
1803 |
Jos was elected
Sheriff of Dorset, but seems to have been living there by 1804. |
1814 |
Thought of selling because he
was living at Etruria, but back at Maer
by 1816. |
Gurney,
Edmund, 1847-1888. |
|
Writer on music and
psychic research. DNB. |
1876 |
CD to G on music—LLiii 186. |
1881 |
G wrote on
vivisection in Fortnightly Rev., 30:778. |
1882 |
On same
subject, Cornhill, 45:191, referred to—LLiii 210. |
1882 |
G was
on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
[page 156]
H
|
|
Haast,
Sir John Francis Julius von,
1822-1887. |
|
New
Zealand geologist. DNB. |
1863 |
CD to H on New Zealand geology
and
natural history—LLiii 6. |
1866 |
Prof. Geology New Zealand
University, Canterbury. |
1867 |
FRS.
|
1886 |
KCMG. |
Hacon,
William Mackmurdo |
|
Solicitor. H acted for CD,
although they never met. "Everything I did was right, and everything
was profusely thanked
for"—H's feeling for CD in Francis D's reminiscences—LLi 120. |
1843-1885 |
Practised. |
1870-1884 |
His partners varied, but Hacon
& Turner, 101
Leadenhall St, London. |
Haeckel,
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August, 1834-1919. |
|
German biologist
and physician. Second son of Karl H and — Sethe. The apostle of
darwinism in Germany. H's wild,
and mostly unsupported, phylogenetic speculation, combined with his
popular reputation, held back experimental scientific work on
evolution. Biography: Bölsche 1900. |
1862 |
Married 1 Anna Sethe d.s.p. |
1863 |
Mar. CD to Lyell, "A first rate
German
naturalist (I now forget the name)"—LLiii 16. |
1865- |
Prof. Zoology Jena. |
1866 |
Oct. H stayed at Down House. |
1867 |
Married 2
Agnes Huschke. 1 son, 2 daughters. |
1867 |
CD complains to
Huxley of excess of neonyms in H's Generelle Morphologie,
1866—MLi 277. |
1868 |
CD to H "your boldness sometimes
makes me
tremble"—LLiii 105. |
1869 |
Huxley "The
Coryphaeus of the Darwinian movement in Germany"—LLiii 67. |
1876, 1879
|
Visited
Down House. His recollections "I fancied a lofty world-sage of Hellenic
antiquity—a Socrates or Aristotle—stood alive before me"—1882 Nature
26:533-41. |
|
Main works: |
1866 |
Generelle Morphologie,
2 vols. |
1868 |
Natürliche
Schöpfungeschichte. |
1874 |
Anthropogenie. |
1877 |
Die heutige
Entwickelungslehre in Verhältnisse zur Gesammtwissenschaft. |
1878-1879 |
Gesammelte
populäre Vorträge aus dem Gebiete der Entwickelungslehre. |
1882 |
Die Naturanschauung von
Darwin, Goethe, and Lamarck. |
1894 |
Die systematische Phylogenie.
|
Hägg, Axel
Hermann, see Haig. |
Hague,
James
Duncan, 1836-1908. |
|
USA geologist. |
1871 |
Feb. visited Down House. |
1884 |
H wrote reminiscences of visit
in Harper's
Mag. Concerning Descent, "everybody is writing about it
without being shocked"—LLiii 133. |
[page] 157
|
|
Haig,
Axel Hermann, 1835-1921. |
|
His name is also spelt Hägg.
Swedish artist and
architect. |
1882 |
H engraved new study at Down
House a week after CD's
death, when it had not been disturbed. |
Haile,
Peter |
|
A bricklayer at Parkfield, the
home of
CD's aunts Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [I] and Catherine W. A recollection
of him was one of CD's earliest memories in his childhood—MLi 2. |
Haliburton,
Sarah, see Owen. |
Haliburton,
Thomas Chandler, 1796-1865. |
|
Nova Scotian
judge. Married Sarah Owen. DNB. |
1837-1840 |
Author of Sam Slick. |
Hall,
Captain Basil, 1788-1844.
|
|
R.N. Anthropologist. DNB. |
1816 |
FRS. |
1838 |
Athenaeum acquaintance of CD. |
Hall,
?Jeffrey Bock,
1807-1886. |
1829 |
Cambridge friend of CD. |
Halsey, Henry
|
|
Of Hanley Park, Surrey. Father
of Mary H.
|
Halsey,
Mary |
|
Daughter of Henry H.
|
1848 |
Married Robert Wedgwood as
second wife. |
Hamond,
Robert Nicholas, 1809-1883. |
|
Mate, spent a lot of time ashore
with CD. Went with CD to sacrament prior to voyage to Tierra
del Fuego. |
1827 |
Lieut. |
1828 |
His elder brother Anthony
married Mary Ann
M, sister of Charles M. |
1832 |
Jul.
joined Beagle to replace Musters. "I have seen more of him
than
any other and like him accordingly"—CD letter home. |
1833 |
May left Beagle
for stammering. |
1836 |
Married Caroline
Musters, another sister of Charles M. |
1882 |
One of CD's
surviving shipmates from Beagle—LLi
221. |
Hancock,
Albany, 1806-1873. |
|
Invertebrate zoologist. Of
Newcastle-on-Tyne. DNB. |
1849 |
"On the occurrence on the
British coast of a
burrowing barnacle, being a type of a new order of the class
Cirripedia", Athenaeum, No. 1143: 966 (Bi 250, F1678), with
notes by CD, read to British Association meeting 1849. |
1855 |
CD thought
him a "higher class of labourer than J. O. Westwood", and suggested him
for a Royal Medal of Royal Society—MLi 80. |
1858 |
Received Royal Medal of Royal
Society. |
1886 |
CD's letters to H published in Trans.
Nat.
Hist.
Soc. Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle, 8:263-265. |
Hanley, Dr.,
see probably Hawley.
|
Harbour,
Mr |
|
A man employed by CD to collect
beetles
for him around Cambridge. |
1829 |
CD to Fox, "I have caught Mr.
Harbour
letting Babington qv. have the first pick of the beetles; accordingly
we have
made our final adieus"—LLi 177. |
Hardie
|
|
Physician. Friend of CD at
Edinburgh when a
student, went on natural history trips together. Ashworth, Proc.
Roy.
Soc. Edinb., 55:112, 1934, identifies him as Willoughby Arding
q.v., but CD says that he died young in India. |
Harding,
Elizabeth |
1846 |
Nurserymaid at Down House,
aged 13, from Staffordshire. Known as "Bessy". Got lost with William D,
aged 3, and
Frances Julia Wedgwood, aged 9, in Cudham Wood—Atkins 40. |
Haredene
Albury, near Guildford, Surrey. |
|
The house belonged to Henry
Drummond,
an Irvingite. |
1871 |
Jul.-Aug. CD and family spent a
holiday there. |
[page] 158
|
|
Harley,
Agnes |
|
Of Slindon, Sussex.
|
1907 |
Married Rowland Wedgwood as
second
wife. |
Harriet,
?-circa 1950. |
|
Second housemaid at Down House.
Long
description in
Bernard D pp. 15-16. |
until
1925 |
Stayed on with
ED
and then with Bessy D until latter's death 1925. |
Harris
|
|
A gentleman farmer of Orange
Court, Downe. |
Harris,
James |
|
A sealer of Del Carmen on Rio
Negro. Acted as pilot to
Wickham in La Paz, whilst his
friend Roberts acted for Stokes in La
Liebre—D and Beagle p. 75. |
Harris,
Sir William Snow, 1791-1867. |
|
Electrical
engineer. CD met at Plymouth. Known as "Thunder and
lightning Harris". DNB. |
1831 |
FRS. |
1831 |
H's type of lightning conductor
was
fitted to all masts of Beagle, long before they were adopted
by the navy for all ships. |
1848 |
Kt.
|
Harrison,
Frederic, 1831-1923. |
|
Popular writer. |
1871 |
CD to H on beauty—Carroll 392. |
Harrison,
Lucy Caroline, see Wedgwood. |
Harrison,
Matthew James |
1874 |
Married Lucy Caroline
Wedgwood and had offspring. |
Hartfield,
Village in East Sussex. The houses are on the edge of Ashdown
Forest. |
?1840-1863 |
Can mean
Hartfield Grove, a quarter of a mile from The Ridge, home of Charles
Langton and family. |
1847-1868
|
In biography
usually means The Ridge, Hartfield, home of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood
[II], built for her 1847, left 1868. |
1855 |
George Howard D, aged 10, was
allowed to ride the 20 miles from Downe alone—Atkins 41. |
Hartfield Grove,
House at Hartfield, Sussex, q.v. |
Hartley, George Justinian
|
1874
|
Married Mary Frances Wedgwood.
|
Hartung, Georg,
?1822-1891. |
|
German geologist,
specialist on geology of Atlantic islands. |
1858 |
CD corresponded with,
through Lyell, on Azores—LLii 112. |
Harvey, William
Henry, 1811-1866. |
|
Algologist. DNB. |
1856- |
Prof. Botany Trinity College
Dublin. |
1858 |
FRS. |
from at
least 1858 |
CD was a friendly
correspondent with. |
1860 |
Feb. 17 H read a "serio-comic
squib" to Dublin University Zoological and Botanical
Association—LLii 314. This was published as a pamphlet An inquiry
into the probable origin of the human animal etc., Dublin. CD's
copy, at Cambridge, is marked "With the author's repentance, Oct.
1860". |
1860 |
H wrote courteous but anti-Origin
review in Edinb.
Rev. |
1860 |
Aug. CD to H about Whale-bear
story, "I struck it out in the
second edition"—MLi 162. |
1860 |
CD to Gray, "Even [H]...is
not nearly
so savage against me as...when he published his foolish
pamphlet"—Darwin-Gray 90. |
1861 |
H wrote another review in Dublin
Hosp. Gaz., May 15. |
Hastings,
Sussex.
|
1853 |
Jul. CD visited for day from
Eastbourne. |
Hatherly,
Baron, see W. P. Wood. |
Haughton,
Rev. Samuel, 1821-1897.
|
|
Man of science. DNB. |
1851-1881 |
Prof. Geology Trinity College
Dublin. |
1858.
|
FRS. |
1858 |
Feb. 9
H's
address to Geological Society of Dublin is the first comment on the CD
and Wallace statement to Linnean Society "If it means what it says it
is a truism; if it means anything more, it is contrary to fact"—LLii
157. |
1860 |
CD to Gray, with footnote CD to
Hooker, "A review in the last
Dublin Nat. Hist. Review is the most unfair thing which has
appeared—one mass of misrepresentations", "Do you know whether there
are two Rev. Prof. Haughtons at Dublin", "Can it be my dear
friend?"—MLi 153. |
[page] 159
|
|
Hawkins,
Benjamin Waterhouse, 1807-1889. |
|
Artist. H
drew and put on stone the plates for Fish and Reptiles
in Zoology of H.M.S. Beagle. H. made the Crystal Palace giant
reptile replicas. |
Hawkshaw,
Sir John, 1811-1891. |
|
Civil engineer. Of Hollycombe,
Sussex. Father of John
Clarke H. |
1855 |
FRS. |
1873 |
Kt. |
1876 |
Jun. CD visited his home,
Hollycombe, near Midhurst, Surrey. |
Hawkshaw,
John Clarke, 1841-1921. |
|
Eldest son of Sir
John H. Brother of Mary H. Known as
Clarke. |
1865 |
Married Cicely Mary Wedgwood.
Three children. |
Hawkshaw,
Mary, ?-1863. |
|
Daughter of Sir John
H. Sister
of John Clarke H.
|
1862
|
Married Godfrey Wedgwood as
first wife. |
1863 |
Died in childbed. |
Hawley,
Dr Richard Maddock |
|
This
is the "Dr Hanley" mentioned in MLi p. 6. Lecturer in
Physiology, Edinburgh. Medical
author. Was English not Scots. |
1807 |
MD Edinburgh. |
1825 |
Oct. 26. CD and Erasmus Alvey D
called on
him on their arrival in Edinburgh. |
1827 |
FRCP Edinb. |
Healey,
Mary, ?-1679. |
|
Sixth generation ancestor of CD
in
male line. |
circa
1600 |
Married William Darwin [I] as
second husband. |
Heathcote,
Miss |
1874 |
CD to Lyell, "I was glad to
hear at Southampton from Miss Heathcote a good account of your
health"—MLii 237. |
Heathorn,
Henrietta Anne, 1825-1915. |
|
Of Sydney. Known as Nettie. |
1855 |
Married Jul. 25 Thomas Henry
Huxley. |
1882 |
H was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Heaviside, Rev.
James William Lucas, 1808-1897. |
|
Canon of Norwich. Cambridge
friend of
CD, member of Gourmet Club. |
1833-1838 |
Fellow of Sidney Sussex College
Cambridge. |
1836 |
CD met in Cambridge. |
1838-1857 |
Prof. Mathematics
H.E.I.C. Haileybury. |
Hebrew
|
|
First editions in: |
1930 |
Journal of researches
(F207). |
1948-1949 |
Autobiography (F1520). |
1960 |
Origin of species
(F700). |
"Hedgehogs"
|
1867 |
"Hedgehogs", Hardwicke's
Science
Gossip, 3:280 (Bii 137, F1740). |
Heer,
Oswald, 1809-1883. |
|
Swiss palaeobotanist and
entomologist. Prof. Botany Zurich. |
1850 |
H went to Madeira for his
health. |
1878 |
Royal Medal of Royal Society. |
1878 |
H seconded CD's
election to Fellowship Koenliglich-Preussiche Akademie der
Wissenschaften, Berlin. |
[page] 160
|
|
Hellyer,
Edward H., 1811-1833. |
|
Clerk on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
|
1833 |
May, drowned at Falkland Is,
collecting bird for Captain. |
Helmholtz,
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von, 1821-1894. |
1858- |
Prof. Physiology Heidelberg. |
1878 |
H seconded CD's election to
Fellowship Koenlich-Preussiche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin. |
Hemmings,
Henry |
until 1856
|
Manservant to Sarah Elizabeth
Wedgwood [I] at Petley's, Downe, until her death 1856 when he returned
to Maer. |
1872 |
H was alive but with a bad
heart. |
Henderson,
Thomas, 1796-? |
|
Captain's Coxswain on 2nd voyage
of Beagle.
Quartermaster, Boatswain's Mate...if required. |
Henry,
Isaac Anderson, 1800-1884. |
|
Lawyer and
plant hybridiser, of Edinburgh. |
1849 |
CD to H, on Phlox and
Mimulus—Carroll 86. |
1863 |
CD to H, on cross and self
fertilisation and on the uselessness of the compound microscope—MLii
297. |
1867 |
H offered to lend CD De
Maillet's Telliamed,
1748—MLi 280. |
Henry,
Samuel P., 1800-1852. |
|
CD met with his father a
missionary in
Tahiti—Narrative 2, pp. 524, 546, 615—Red Notebook
p. 83. |
Hensleigh,
Elizabeth, 1738-1790. |
|
CD's maternal great-grandmother.
Of
Panteague. Origin of name H in Wedgwood family. |
1763 |
Married John
Bartlett Allen as first wife.
|
Henslow,
Anne |
|
Daughter of J. S. Henslow.
Married — Barnard.
|
1871 |
H
to CD, telling him of a visit to Colchester mental asylum, seeing a
girl with pointed ears—Carroll 389. |
1871 |
CD to H, thanking her for
information and praising John Stevens H—Carroll 390. |
Henslow,
Frances, ?-1874 Nov. |
|
Daughter of John Stevens
H. |
1851 |
Married as his first wife J. D.
Hooker. |
1856 |
CD to Hooker, on her "pedestrian
feats"—MLii 209. |
1874 |
Dec. 25 CD to Gray, "The death
of Mrs Hooker has
indeed been a terrible blow. Poor Hooker came here [Down House]
directly after the funeral and bore up manfully"—Darwin-Gray 62. |
Henslow,
Rev. George, 1835-1925. |
|
Only son of
John Stevens H. Botanist. Schoolmaster. Hon. Prof. to Royal
Horticultural Society. V.M.H. |
1865
|
Headmaster, Grammar School,
South Crescent, Bedford Square, London.
|
1873 |
The theory
of evolution of living things, London. |
1882 |
H was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Henslow,
Rev. John Stevens, 1796-1861. |
|
Married ?Jenyns. 1 son, 3
daughters.
Father-in-law of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker.
DNB. |
|
CD, when at Cambridge, was known
as "the man who
walked with Henslow". CD regularly attended his Friday evening
gatherings, which continued every week in term until 1836 and were the
forerunners of the Cambridge Ray Club 1837-. H became a strong personal
friend of CD and looked after specimens sent back from Beagle
voyage. |
1818 |
FRS. |
1822-1827 |
Prof.
Mineralogy Cambridge. |
1827-1861 |
Prof. Botany. |
1830 |
CD to Fox, of Mrs H,
"she is a devilish odd woman, I am
always frightened whenever I speak to her, yet I cannot help liking
her". |
1835 |
H edited CD's letters to him as Letters
on geology, privately
printed for members of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (Bi 3, Fl). |
1836 |
CD at Sydney to H, "my master in
natural history"—LLi 264. |
1837-1861 |
Vicar of Hitcham,
Suffolk. |
1854 |
H visited Down House when Hooker
was staying for a fortnight. |
1855 |
CD paid little girls in H's
parish to collect seeds of Lychnis
etc.—MLi 419. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin
to. |
1860 |
Sat. Jun. 30 H was in the chair
of Section D at British Association
Oxford scene. |
1861 |
CD to Hooker, on H's death and
the question of a
biography, "The equability and perfection of Henslow's whole
character"—MLi 188. "His judgement was excellent and his whole mind
well-balanced; but I do not suppose that anyone would say that he
possessed much original genius"—Barlow, Autobiography 64. |
1862 |
Biography: 1862 Leonard Jenyns,
with recollections by CD, 51-55 (F130). |
1871 |
CD to Anne Barnard (H's
daughter), "To the last day of my life I
shall think of your father with the deepest respect and affection, and
gratitude for his invariable kindness towards me"—Carroll 390. |
1967 |
Barlow, Darwin and Henslow
(F1598). |
[page] 161
|
|
Herbert,
John Maurice,
1808-1882. |
|
County Court judge
on Monmouth and Cardiff circuit. Cousin of C. T. Whitley. Close
friend of CD at Cambridge and member of Gourmet Club. Nicknamed
"Cherbury", from Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Home was Court,
Calmore, Welshpool, Montgomeryshire. |
1828 |
CD collected
beetles with H at Barmouth, North Wales. |
1839 |
H sent CD a silver
forficula, i.e. asparagus tongs, as a wedding present—EDii 24. |
1856 |
CD
to H, thanking him for a book of poetry, "I shall keep to my dying day
an unfading remembrance of the many pleasant hours, (especially at
Barmouth) which we have spent together"—Carroll 121. |
1867 |
May, CD
invites H to Down House—Carroll 327. |
1868 |
H had given CD his old
microscope—Carroll 344. |
1872 |
CD sent H 1st edition of Emotions—Carroll
425. |
Herbert,
S., see CD's manuscripts, 1978. |
Herbert,
Hon. and Rev. William, 1778-1847. |
|
Poet and
plant breeder. Dean of Manchester. DNB. |
1844 |
CD to
Hooker mentions him in relation to heaths from Cape of Good Hope. |
1845 |
Warden of the Collegiate Church. |
1845 |
CD visited. |
1847
|
Collegiate Church became a
Cathedral in 1847 and
H its Dean. |
1847 |
CD visited in London and
discussed
hybridizing, "I...saw that he was very feeble", he died in his chair
later in the same day—1863 Cottage Gardener 29:93. |
Hermitage,
House near Woking, Surrey. |
circa 1847 |
Home of Henry
Allen Wedgwood. |
[page] 162
|
|
"Hero"
|
|
CD's name for a plant of morning
glory, Ipomoea
purpurea, of exceptional vigour—Cross and self, Allan
252. |
Herschel,
Sir John Frederick William, Bart,
1792-1871. |
|
Astronomer and chemist. DNB. |
1813 |
FRS. |
1831
|
Knight of Hanover.
|
1836 |
Jun. CD dined with at Cape of
Good
Hope, at Lady Caroline Bell's house. Her comment on him "he
always came into a room as if he knew that his hands were dirty, and
that his wife knew that they were dirty"—Barlow, Autobiography
107. CD also dined with him in London. |
1838 |
1st Bart. |
1849 |
H edited Manual of
scientific enquiry, to which CD contributed the geology (F325). |
1850-1855 |
Master of the Mint. |
1859 |
CD sent H copy of 1st edition of
Origin. |
1861 |
CD to
Gray, on evolution as stated in H's Physical geography of the globe,
1861—LLii 373. |
"Heterogeny"
|
1863 |
[letter] "The doctrine of
heterogeny
and the modification of species", Athenaeum, No. 1852:554-555
(Bii 78, F1729). |
Hewitt,
Mr |
|
A pheasant and poultry breeder
of
Birmingham. H is much quoted in Descent. |
1868 |
Mar. CD to J. J. Weir on sexual
preferences of
pheasant cocks when crossed with poultry hens—MLii 69. |
1868 |
Apr. CD to
the same, H says "the common hen prefers a salacious cock, but is quite
indifferent to colour". |
Hewitt,
Edward |
Hewitt,
Ginette |
|
Married Sir Robert
Vere Darwin
as second wife. |
Heywood Lodge,
Heywood Lane, Tenby, South Wales.
|
1843-1864 |
Emma Allen and her sister
Frances lived here after the death
of their brother John Hensleigh A. |
Higginson,
Colonel Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. |
|
Of Newport, Rhode
Island, USA. |
1873 |
CD to H, he had enjoyed his Life
with a black regiment, 1870,
and also had his Atlantic essays, 1871. |
High Elms
|
|
Estate of about 3000 acres
marched
with Down House grounds. A golf course in 1978.
|
circa
1842 |
Home of, and rebuilt, after
burning down, by, Sir
John William Lubbock, and then of his son Sir John L, Baron
Avebury. |
"High
Elms"
|
|
Pseudonym of Edward Levett
Darwin as an
author. |
Hildebrand,
Friedrich Hermann Gustav, 1835-1915.
|
|
Prof. Botany Frieburg.
CD often praised H for writing German which was
as clear as French. |
1866 |
CD to H, on his papers on
fertilisation of
Fumariaceae and Salvia—LLiii 280. |
1868 |
CD to H, on graft
hybrids—MLi 285. |
Hill,
The, near Abergavenny, Wales. |
1830 |
Home of John
Wedgwood. |
Hill,
Elizabeth, 1702-1797.
|
|
Daughter of John H. CD's
great-grandmother. |
1723/1724 |
Married Robert Darwin. |
[page] 163
|
|
Hill,
John
|
|
Of Sleaford, Lincolnshire.
Married Elizabeth
Alvey. Father of Elizabeth H. Fourth generation ancestor of CD in male
line. |
Hill,
Richard, 1795-1872. |
|
Of Spanish Town, Jamaica.
Naturalist. H helped P. H. Gosse with Jamaica birds. |
1859 |
CD to re Origin—Frank
Cundall 1915 West India
Committee
Circular pp. 562-3. |
|
CD sent 1st ed. 0rigin
to, copy on
market
1981. |
Hill,
Major Richard Noel, 1800-1861. |
|
A cousin of Capt. Owen
of Woodhouse. |
1820s |
A shooting
companion of CD in the 1820s. Took part in a shooting joke at CD's
expense—Barlow, Autobiography 54. |
1848 |
5th Baron
Berwick.
|
Hills,
Mrs
|
1887 |
ED to Henrietta Emma Litchfield,
"Old Mrs" H, a villager at Downe. ??wife of the next. |
Hills
|
|
Gardener at Down House after
CD's death. ??husband of the previous.
|
1899 |
Apr. H gave notice. |
Hindi
|
1964 |
First edition in: Origin of
species
(F702). |
Hindmarsh,
L. |
|
See Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
2:274, 1839. |
1861 |
CD to, about Earl of
Tankerville's wild white cattle at Chillingham, Northumberland—MLi 187. |
"Historical
sketch" |
|
Of previous studies and ideas on
evolution. |
1860 |
Appeared
in a shorter version, written before Feb. 20, in 1st German edition and
4th USA printing. |
1861 |
First added to 3rd English
edition of Origin, in answer to criticisms by reviewers. |
Hitote
|
|
Tahitian Chief. |
1835 |
Nov. 26 CD discussed
lightning conductors with H and several other Chiefs. |
Hobart,
Tasmania. |
1836 |
Feb. 5-17 Beagle
anchored in Storm Bay; CD landed. |
Hobhouse,
Arthur, Baron, 1819-1904. |
|
Married Mary Farrer.
|
Hobhouse, Mary,
see Farrer. |
Höchberg,
Karl |
|
Of Lugano, Switzerland. |
1879 |
CD to
H, answering his queries on diet in relation to activity—Carroll 560. |
Hochstetter,
Ferdinand Christian, Baron
von, 1828-1884.
|
|
Austrian geologist. Prof.
Mineralogy and Geology,
Imperial Polytechnic Institute Vienna. |
1861 |
H wrote to Hooker that
evolution was making "very considerable progress" in Germany—LLii 327. |
Hocken,
Thomas Morland, 1836-1910.
|
|
Ethnographer and book collector.
Secretary of Otago Institute. |
1880 |
Institute celebrated 21st
birthday
of Origin by sending illuminated address to CD. |
1881 |
Feb. 21
CD
to H thanking and expressing continued interest in NZ. |
Hodgson,
Bryan Houghton, 1800-1894.
|
|
Vertebrate
naturalist of Darjeeling, India. |
1862 |
Hooker wrote to H, who was a
personal friend, in succinct praise of CD. |
Hofmann,
Augustus Wilhelm von, 1818-1892. |
|
Chemist. Director College of
Chemistry
London. H helped CD with
experiments for Insectivorous plants.—Carroll 491. |
1851 |
FRS. |
1864 |
Prof. Chemistry Berlin. |
Holden,
Rev. James Richard, 1807-1876.
|
|
Cambridge
friend of CD. Rector of Lackford, Suffolk. |
[page] 164
|
|
Holland
|
1877 |
[Letter of thanks by CD] in P.
Harting, "Testimonial to Mr Darwin—Evolution in the Netherlands", Nature,
Lond., 15:410-412 (F1776). CD had received an album of portrait
photographs for his 68th birthday. |
Holland,
Mr
|
1857 |
CD to James Buckman, CD had
asked "my cousin Mr. Holland of Dumpleton to make the enquiries, but as
he is
not on the spot, I have ventured to ask you". The enquiry was about a
rare breed of pigeon—Letter DCPOD vol. 6 CUP 1990 2151 230307. |
Holland,
Edward, 1806-75. |
1902 |
E. S. Holland A history of
Holland,
Edinburgh. |
Holland,
Sir Henry, Bart, 1788-1873.
|
|
Physician to Queen
Victoria. DNB. |
|
CD's second cousin. His
grandmother, Catherine E. Willett née Wedgwood, was tenth child of
Thomas
W [III]; "A long and intimate friendship with
whom (namely CD) I have more pleasure in recording than any family
tie"—Holland Recollections of a past life—Woodall p. 2.
Constantly
kind
to the D family in their illnesses. |
1816 |
FRS. |
1827 |
Harry Wedgwood to his mother:
"Nobody shall persuade me that Dr. H.
is either the most agreeable or the cleverest man in London. If he was
he would not have shocked Charles Darwin by saying that a whale has
cold blood"—EDi p. 198. |
1853 |
1st Bart. |
1859 |
CD to W. B. Carpenter, "I do
not think (privately I say it) that the great man has knowledge enough
to enter on the subject [evolution]"—LLii 223. |
1859 |
Oct. CD to Lyell,
CD hopes that H will not review Origin in Quart. Rev.
because he "is so presumptuous and knows so little". |
1859 |
Dec. CD to
Lyell, CD had "found him going an immense way with us (i.e. all Birds
from one)—good"—Carroll 184. |
Holland,
Saba, see Smith.
|
"Holly
berries" |
1877 |
"Holly berries", Gardeners'
Chronicle, 7:19 (Bii 189, F1774). |
1877 |
["The scarcity of holly
berries and bees"], ibid., 7:83 (Bii 190, F1775). |
Hollycombe,
near Midhurst, Surrey.
|
|
Home of Sir John
Hawkshaw. |
1876 |
Jun. CD stayed there—Journal. |
Holmgren,
Frithiof, 1831-1897. |
|
Prof. Physiology
Uppsala. |
1881, 1887 |
CD letter to H on vivisection, The
Times,
Apr. 18; Nature, Lond., Apr. 21; Brit. Med. J.,
1:660;
also in a pamphlet by George Jesse and several times in Sweden. Also in
LLiii 208 and Bettany 160-162, both 1887. (F1352-1356). |
Holmwood House
|
|
1½ miles from Downe. George
Bentham visited Down
House from—LLiii 39. Atkins 103 says that the estate belonged to Earl
of Derby. |
1865 |
Home of
Robert Rolfe, Baron Cranworth. |
Home,
David Milne, see Milne. |
Homefield
|
|
A small house 400 yards
northwest of Down House.
On two acres originally part of little Pucklands field. Bought by the
Ds
and in the Downe House School period a convalescent dormitory. |
1930 |
Leased
and added to by Sir Arthur Keith, 1930 until his death. |
Hooker,
Harriet Anne |
|
Fifth child of Sir
Joseph
Dalton H and Frances Henslow. Married Sir William Thiselton
Dyer. |
Hooker,
Sir Joseph Dalton, 1817 Jun. 30-1911 Dec.
10. |
|
Second son of Sir
William Jackson H. Botanist.
Biography: L. Huxley 1918; Turrill 1963; Allan, The Hookers of Kew,
1967. DNB. |
|
H was CD's greatest personal
friend and confidant, much more so than either Lyell or Huxley, and
provided much plant material for CD from Kew. H preserved all CD's
letters, see Janet Browne, J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist.,
8:351-366, 1978. Often at Down House. |
1839 |
Jan. CD and H first met in
company with Asa Gray at Hunterian Museum,
R.C.S. Also in Trafalgar Square in company of Robert McCormick. |
1844 |
Sep. CD to
Lyell, "Young Hooker talks of coming here [to Down House]; I wish he
might meet you,—he appears to me a most engaging young man"—MLii 120. |
1845 |
CD to Henslow,
CD was
disappointed that H had not got some post at Edinburgh. |
1847 |
FRS. |
1851 |
Married l Frances Henslow,
eldest daughter of J. S. Henslow. 4 sons, 2 daughters. Fifth child
Harriet Anne H. |
1854 |
Royal
Medal
of Royal Society. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin.
|
1859 |
Nov. H accepted CD's
theory in print in introductory essay to Flora Tasmaniae, I,
pt 3, ic-xxviii; this is Vol. 3 of Botany of H.M. Discovery Ships
Erebus and Terror, 1839-1843, 3 vols 1849-1860. The introductory
essay was also available separately. |
1865-1885 |
Director of Royal Botanic
Garden, Kew, Surrey, in succession to his father. |
1866 |
Aug. 27 H satirized Oxford
meeting of British Association with allegory of new moon and savages'
medicinemen at Nottingham meeting—LLiii 48. |
1873-1878 |
PRS. |
1874
|
Frances Henslow died.
|
1876 |
Aug. Married 2 Hyacinth
Symonds, widow of Sir William Jardine Bart. 2 sons. |
1878 |
KCSI. |
1882 |
H was Pallbearer at
CD's funeral. |
1885 |
H retired to The Camp,
Sunninghill, Berkshire. |
1887 |
Copley Medal. |
1892 |
Darwin Medal. |
1897 |
GCSI. |
1897 |
VMH of Royal
Horticultural Society. |
1907 |
OM. |
1908 |
Darwin-Wallace Medal of Linnean
Society. |
[page] 165
|
|
Hooker,
Sir William Jackson, 1785-1865. |
|
Father of Sir
Joseph Dalton H. CD knew and met often but was not familiar with.
Biography: J. D. H., Ann. Bot., 16:ix-ccxxi, 1902; Allan, The
Hookers of Kew, 1967. DNB. |
1812 |
FRS. |
1815 |
Married Maria Sarah Turner. 2
sons, 3 daughters.
|
1820-1841
|
Prof. Botany Glasgow. |
1836 |
Kt of
Hanover. |
1841-1865 |
Director Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey. |
Hoole,
Rev.
|
1877 |
Curate at Downe church,
presumably
as a locum for Ffinden, then the vicar. H's wife Alice "poor Mrs Hoole"
was an invalid—Darwin-Innes 243. |
Hope,
Lady |
|
Lady [Elizabeth Reid]
Hope, widow of Admiral
of the Fleet Sir James Hope, writer of evangelical
tracts and
on temperance. "Of Northfield". H was involved
in CD's
so-called death-bed conversion, see Atkins 51-52. |
1882 |
Encouraged by
Dwight
Lyman Moody, she told the story to one of M's schools at Northfield,
Massachusetts. Her story was printed in Watchman Examiner,
Boston.
Henrietta Litchfield denied the story in detail in The Christian
1922 Feb. 23 "The whole story has no foundation whatever". H was not
present at CD's last illness and perhaps they never met. |
1902 |
Alive in
1902 when a Mr Tucker, of the Salvation Army, asked her for
details. |
[page] 166
|
|
Hope,
Rev. Frederick William 1797-1862. |
|
Entomologist and print
collector. Founder of Hope Chair of
Zoology (Entomology) Oxford. CD
gave him many insects which are now in Hope collection, Oxford—Poulton,
Darwin
and the Origin, 202. DNB. |
1829 |
Feb. H gave CD specimens of
about
160
species of beetles in London—LLi 174. |
1829 |
Jun. CD visited Barmouth
with H to collect beetles, but CD was ill and had to return to
Shrewsbury after two days. |
1834 |
FRS. |
1837 |
CD to H, about Australian
insects. |
1838 |
CD to Lyell, "How much I
disliked the
manner [Hope] referred to his other works, as much as to say 'you
must...buy everything I have written'"—LLi 292, Carroll 10. |
Hope,
Thomas Charles, 1766-1844.
|
|
The only teacher at Edinburgh
of whose
lectures CD approved. DNB. |
1799-1843
|
Prof.
Chemistry Edinburgh. |
1804 |
FRS. |
Hopedene,
near Dorking, Surrey.
|
|
A house which was
lent
to Hensleigh Wedgwood. Near Abinger, built 1875—W&W. |
1876 |
May 6-Jun. 6 CD stayed
there—MLii 12. |
Hopkins,
William, 1793-1866. |
|
Mathematician and
geologist. Mathematical coach at Cambridge. DNB. |
1837 |
FRS. |
1860 |
H reviewed Origin
in Fraser's Mag., Jun., Jul., against but friendly. |
Hordern,
Ellen Frances, 1830-1879. |
|
Daughter of Rev.
Peter H. Memorial in Downe Churchyard gives date of birth. |
1856 |
Married Sir John
Lubbock as first wife. |
Horner, Anne
Susan, see Lloyd. |
Horner, Frances,
1814-? |
|
Second child of Leonard H. |
1844 |
Married Sir
Charles James Fox Bunbury. |
1894 |
Author of biography of her
husband, London
[1894], privately printed. |
Horner, Francis
[I], 1778-1817.
|
|
Barrister and
statesman. Elder brother of Leonard H. Statue by Chantry in Westminster
Abbey. DNB. |
Horner,
Francis [II], 1820-1824.
|
|
Sixth child and only son
of Leonard H. |
Horner,
Joanna, ?1822-?
|
|
Seventh child of Leonard H.
Unmarried. |
1856 |
H
wrote to CD about some beetles which she had—MLi 84. |
Horner,
Katherine Murray, 1817-1915. |
|
Fourth child of Leonard
H. |
1848 |
Married Lt-Col. Henry
Lyell, Sir Charles Lyell's
younger brother. |
1875 |
H asked CD to be a Pallbearer
at Lyell's funeral. CD
declined on grounds of ill-health—LLiii 197. |
1882 |
H was on "Personal
Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
|
Author of: |
1881 |
Life, letters
and journals of Sir Charles Lyell, 2 vols. |
1890 |
Memoir of
Leonard Horner, 2 vols, privately printed. |
Horner,
Leonard, 1785-1864. |
|
Son of John Horner. Linen draper
of Edinburgh. Geologist. Fairly frequent
correspondent of CD and met when CD was in London. Member of Whig
circle and friend of Erasmus Alvey D. Biography: K. M. Lyell
(daughter), 2 vols, privately printed 1890. DNB. |
|
Married Anne Susan
Lloyd. 1 son, 6 daughters: 1. Mary Elizabeth, 2. Frances, 3. Susan, 4.
Katherine
Murray, 5. Leonora, 6. Francis, 7. Joanna. |
1813 |
FRS. |
1826 |
H took CD to meeting of
Royal Society of Edinburgh—LLi 40. |
1827-1831 |
First Warden of University
of London. |
1833-1860 |
Factory Commissioner. |
1846 |
H visited Down House with wife. |
1860 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin
to. |
[page] 167
|
|
Horner,
Leonora, 1818-?
|
|
Fifth child of Leonard H. |
1839 |
H dined with CD and ED at Upper
Gower St. |
1847 |
Sep. H visited Down House with
the Lyells. |
1854 |
Married Chevalier Georg H.
Pertz. |
Horner,
Mary Elizabeth, 1808-1873. |
|
First child of Leonard H. |
1832 |
Married Sir Charles
Lyell. |
Horner,
Susan 1816-1900.
|
|
Third child of Leonard H.
Unmarried. |
Horses
|
|
The following family horses are
entered by
name: Dandy, Dobbin, Flyer, Tara, Tommy. |
Horsman,
Samuel James O'Hara
|
circa 1868 |
Curate at Downe. H got, after a
prison sentence, another curacy in Kent. |
Horwood, John
|
|
1823-c. 1880. Sir John Lubbock's head
gardener. |
1862-1863
|
H superintended building of CD's
hothouse. |
Hotham,
Harriet, 1810-1873. |
1833 |
Married Sir
John William Lubbock. |
Houghton, Baron,
see Richard Monckton
Milnes. |
Houseman, Emma,
1839-1929. |
|
Daughter of John H.
|
1871 |
Married Lawrence Wedgwood. |
Houseman, John
|
|
London bookseller. Father of
Emma H.
|
Houseman,
Laurence |
|
So spelt in W&W, "Lawrence"
in
ED.
|
Howard,
Mary, 1740 Feb. 12-1770 Jun. 30.
|
|
Daughter of
Charles
H and Penelope Foley. Known as
"Polly". CD's grandmother. Drank gin. |
1757 |
Married Erasmus Darwin [I] as
1st wife. |
1770
|
Died of drinking gin.
|
Howarth, Osbert
John Radcliffe, 1878-1954. |
1909-1946
|
Secretary
British Association for the Advancement of Science. |
1929-1954
|
Curator
Down House. |
1933 |
H and Eleanor K. H. (wife), A
history of
Darwin's parish, Southampton 1933. |
Hubbersty,
Nathan, 1803-1881.
|
1826 |
CD went on walking tour in North
Wales with H. |
1826-1828 |
Assistant master
Shrewsbury School. |
1832-1851 |
Headmaster Wirksworth Grammar
School. |
1839 |
CD
suggested to H that he should do some plant-breeding experiments—4th
notebook on transmutation. |
[page] 168
|
|
Hudson,
William Henry, 1841-1922. |
|
Ornithologist and
popular writer. See
Pampas woodpecker. |
Hughes,
Charles |
|
H helped CD and became
interested in geology. |
1818-1819 |
Shrewsbury School. |
1832 |
Nov. 11 CD met at Montevideo—CCD
I.
|
Hughes,
Frances see Fox. |
Hughes,
Thomas McKenny, 1832-1917.
|
|
Geologist. WWH. |
1873-1917 |
Woodwardian Prof. Geology
Cambridge. |
1880 |
CD to H,
about award to CD of a medal by Chester Natural History Society. |
1880 |
Oct. took tea with CD and ED in
Cambridge. |
1889 |
FRS. |
"Humble
Bees" |
1841 |
"Humble bees", Gardeners'
Chronicle,
No. 34:550 (Bi 142, F1658). |
1885 |
"Ueber die Wege der
Hummeln-Männchen",
84-88 in Gesammelte kleinere Schriften, Leipzig (F1584). |
1965 |
1885 paper translated as "On the
flight paths of male humble bees", 70-73
in R. B. Freeman, The works of Charles Darwin, London
(F1580). |
1968 |
"Charles Darwin on the routes of
male humble bees", Bull.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),
hist. Ser., 3:177-189. As 1965 translation but with transcript of CD's
field notes added (F1568). |
Humboldt,
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander, Baron von,
1769-1859.
|
|
German naturalist and traveller.
CD once
met, when CD was resident in London, at Murchison's house. |
1815 |
Corresponding Member RS. |
|
CD's copy of Personal
narrative...1799-1804 1819-1829 was given him by Henslow before he
sailed. |
1881 |
CD to
Hooker, "the parent of a grand progeny of scientific travellers". |
Humphrey,
Philip E., see Marston Bates. |
Humphreys
|
|
Of 32 Sackville St, London. |
circa 1868 |
Supplied curates for Downe
Parish. |
Hungarian
|
|
First editions in: |
1873-1874 |
Origin of species
(F703).
|
1882 |
Descent
of man (F1084).
|
1913 |
Journal of
researches (F208). |
1955 |
Autobiography (F1521). |
1959 |
Variation under domestication
(F919). |
1963 |
Expression of the emotions
(F1199). |
Hunt, Robert,
1807-1887. |
|
Scientific writer. DNB. |
1854 |
FRS. |
1868 |
CD sent a third-person summary
of his life for inclusion in Biographical
memoirs of men of science, [1868]. |
Hutton,
Frederick Wollaston, 1836-1905. |
|
Army Officer
and geologist. Curator of Canterbury Museum,
Christchurch,
New Zealand. |
1861 |
H reviewed Origin in The
Geologist,
132—LLii 362. |
1861 |
CD to H, on his review, praising
it—MLi 183. |
1867 |
CD
to Kingsley, "a very acute observer"—Carroll 330. |
1892 |
FRS.
|
1899 |
Author of Darwinism and
Lamarckism, old and new, London 1899. |
Hutton,
John Balfour 1808-1884. |
|
Botanist. Regius
Keeper of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. |
1861 |
CD sent H Gray's Natural
selection not inconsistent with natural theology, 1861—Darwin-Gray
76. |
[page] 169
|
|
Hutton,
Richard Holt, 1826-1897. |
|
Unitarian
clergyman, which he later abandoned. Man of letters. |
1875 |
H was a
member of Vivisection Commission. |
Huxley
Family |
|
For information: |
|
Oriana Huxley Waller, daughter
of THH's
daughter. Married 1905 Edmund Sidney Pollock Haynes, 1877-1949. Their
daughter
Renée married Jerrard Tickell. One of their (?2) sons got a K in ?1983. |
|
Sir Crispin (Charles Cervantes)
T, 1930-? KCVO 1983, twice
married, 2 sons 1 daughter.
|
Huxley,
Henrietta Anne, see Heathorn. |
Huxley,
Sir Julian Sorrell, 1887-1975. |
|
Zoologist. Eldest son of Leonard
H and Julia Frances Arnold. Author of works on evolution and biological
popularizer. WWH. |
1909 |
Feb. 12 H was present at CD
celebrations
at
Oxford. |
1919 |
Married Marie Juliette Baillot. |
1938 |
FRS. |
1939 |
The
living thoughts of Darwin, selected by H, translated into many
languages. |
1958 |
Kt.
|
Huxley,
Leonard, 1860-1933. |
|
Fourth child of Thomas Henry H.
CD was his godfather—Jim Moore. Biographer of his father
and of Hooker. |
1885 |
Married 1 Julia Frances Arnold
(1862-1908). 2 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Julian Sorrell, 2.
Aldous. |
1912 |
Married 2 Rosalind Bruce. 2
sons: 1. Andrew. |
Huxley,
Marian, 1859-1887. |
|
Third child of Thomas Henry H.
|
1878 |
H made pencil sketch of CD, now
at National Portrait Gallery. |
1879 |
Married John Collier. |
Huxley
Testimonials |
[1851] |
Testimonials for
Thomas H. Huxley, F.R.S., candidate for the Chair of Natural History at
the University of Toronto. London, Richard Taylor printed. CD's
letter at p. 4 (F344). The Chair went to William Hincks, brother of Sir
Francis Hincks, then Prime Minister of Upper Canada. |
Huxley, Thomas
Henry, 1825 May 4-1895 Jun. 29. |
|
Seventh child of
George H and Rachel Withers. Man
of
science and educationalist. Biography: L. Huxley
(son) 1900; F. Chalmers Mitchell 1900. DNB. EB. |
|
Frequent
correspondent and often at Down House, but was never on such close
personal terms with CD as was Hooker see Bartholemew, M., Ann.
Sci.,
32:525, 1975. H was known as Darwin's bull-dog. "I am Darwin's
bull-dog" he once said. |
1845 |
MB London. |
1846-1850 |
Surgeon on HMS Rattlesnake,
mostly in Australian
waters. |
1850 |
FRS. |
1854 |
Prof. Natural History School of
Mines London. |
1854 |
Apr. CD to H on archetypes.
|
1854 |
CD to Hooker,
about H's Royal Institution lectures "I think his tone is much too
vehement"—MLi 89. |
1855 |
Married Jul. 25 Henrietta Anne
Heathorn.
3 sons,
5 daughters: |
1. |
Noel, 1856-1860. |
2. |
Jessie Oriana, 1858-1927. |
3. |
Marian q.v. |
4. |
Leonard q.v. |
5. |
Rachel, 1862-1934, married 1884
Alfred Eckersley. |
6. |
Henrietta,
1863-1940, known as "Nettie", married 1889 Harold Roller. |
7. |
Henry, 1865-1965, married
1890 Sophia Stobart. |
8. |
Ethel Gladys, 1866-1941, known
as "Babs" and "Pabelunza", married 1889 John Collier (as
deceased wife's sister). |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin
to. |
1860 |
Apr. H reviewed Origin
in The Times and Westminster
Rev. |
1860 |
Sat. Jun. 30 H defended Origin
against Bishop Samuel Wilberforce's attack at Oxford meeting of British
Association—LLii 32-323. |
1860 |
"Time and life: Mr. Darwin's
'Origin of species'" Macmillans
Magazine 1:142-48.
|
1871 |
Nov. 2 H to Haeckel "The dogs
have been
barking at his heels too much of late"—Life of Huxley, 2nd
edition ii 62. |
1873 |
£2100 subscribed by CD and other
friends
to let H have a long rest after nervous breakdown. All H's children
were looked after by ED at Down House
whilst he was away—MLi 72. |
1875 |
H was member of Vivisection
Commission. He saw and agreed to
Litchfield's draft for bill—LLiii 204. |
1880 |
H lectured to Royal
Institution on "The coming of age of the Origin", published
in Nature,
Lond. and in Science and Culture. CD sorry that he could
not attend—LLiii 240. |
1882 |
CD left him £1000 in his
will—MLi 72. |
1882 |
H
was Pallbearer at CD's funeral. |
1883-1885 |
PRS. |
1892 |
PC. |
1887 |
H on the reception of Origin
in 1859-1860, "How extremely stupid of me not to have thought of
that"—LLii 179-204. |
1890 |
H retired to Hodeslea (a name
which he invented
and believed related to the origin of his surname), Stavely Rd,
Eastbourne, Sussex, which he designed and had built. |
1891 |
Anthony Rich
left H his house, Chappel Croft, Heene, Worthing, Sussex, and contents.
H sold house for £2800. |
1892
|
PC.
|
1908 |
E. R. Lankester of H "the great
and
beloved teacher, the unequalled orator, the brilliant essayist, the
unconquerable champion and literary swordsman"—Darwin-Wallace
celebrations at Linnean Society 29. |
1909 |
E. B. Poulton of H: "the
illustrious comparative anatomist, Huxley, Darwin's great general in
the battles that had to be fought, but not a naturalist, far less a
student of living nature"—Darwin and the Origin 58. |
|
Main
works: |
1863 |
Evidence as to man's place
in nature. |
1863 |
On
our knowledge of the causes of the phenomena of organic nature. |
1873 |
Lay sermons, addresses and
reviews. |
1873 |
Critiques
and addresses. |
1881 |
Science and culture and
other essays. |
1893-1894 |
Collected essays, 9
vols. |
[page] 170
|
|
Hyatt,
Alpheus, 1838-1902. |
|
Palaeontologist. H worked
especially on fossil cephalopods. Pupil of L. Agassiz and friend of
Cope. |
1872 |
CD to H about H's and Cope's
ideas on acceleration and
retardation in evolution. CD wrote on the back of one of H's papers "I
cannot avoid thinking this paper fanciful"—LLiii 154, MLi 338. |
1877 |
CD
to H on inheritance of acquired characters—LLiii 232. |
1881 |
Curator of Museum of Boston
Natural History Society.
|
"Hybrids"
|
1868 |
"On the character and
hybrid-like
nature of the offspring from the illegitimate unions of dimorphic and
trimorphic
plants", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 10:393-437 (F1742). |
[page] 171
|
|
Hyman,
Stanley Edgar, 1919-. |
1963 |
Darwin for
today the essence of his work, New York. Selections by H (F1618). |
[page 172]
I
|
|
"Icebergs
Making Grooves" |
1855 |
"On the power of
icebergs to make rectilinear uniformly-directed grooves across a
submarine undulatory surface", Phil. Mag., 10:96-98 (Bi 252,
F1681). |
Ilkley,
near Otley, Yorkshire. |
1859 |
Autumn CD to
water
cure there, stayed at Wells Terrace. CD was there when Origin
was published. |
Imperatorskaya
Akademiya Nauk (Academia Scientarum
Imperialis Petropolitana), St Petersburg. |
1867 |
CD Corresponding Member. |
Impey
|
|
CD's gyp (servant) at Christ's
College,
Cambridge. |
1858 |
Impey was still there when
William
Erasmus D went up to
Christ's. |
Inchkeith,
Fife.
|
|
Island in Firth of
Forth. CD visited with Ainsworth
when at Edinburgh and was benighted, took refuge in
lighthouse—Ainsworth Athenaeum 1882 May. |
Index
Kewensis |
|
Originally supervised by Hooker
and carried out by B. Daydon
Jackson—LLiii 352, Kew Bull., 29, 1896. |
1882 |
Jan. CD sent a first £250 and
left a letter
desiring that his children should send a similar sum for four or five
years. |
1892-1895 |
4 vols, with 12
subsequent supplements to 1959, and a supplement since quinquennially.
List of plant genera and their contained species, with relevant
literature. Wording of announcement in Vol. 4 "The expense of preparing
the work has been entirely defrayed by the members of the family of the
late Charles Darwin". |
Ingall,Margaret Rosina,
?-1922. |
|
Daughter of Richard Ingall of
Valparaiso, Chile. Known as Rosina. |
1873
|
Married Alfred Allen Wedgwood.
|
Inglis,
Sir Robert Harry, Bart, 1786-1855.
|
|
Politician. MP for Oxford
University. Inglis was legal guardian
of Laura Forster's mother, Laura Thornton. DNB. |
1813 |
FRS. |
1820 |
2nd Bart. |
1854 |
CD took breakfast with him in
company—MLi 79. |
"Inheritance"
|
1881 |
"Inheritance", Nature,
Lond., 24:257 (Bii 230, F1795). |
Innes, Rev.
John Brodie (1817-1894)
|
|
Letters to and from
CD edited by R. M. Stecher, Ann. Sci., 17:201-258 (F1597).
They contain a lot of information about people at Downe not contained
in other sources. |
1842 |
Curate of Farnborough,
Kent. |
1846-1869 |
Vicar of Downe. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition Origin
to. |
?1860 |
CD to Innes, "I do not attack
Moses,
and I think Moses can take care of himself." |
1862 |
Innes retired to his ancestral
home Milton Brodie, Forres. |
until
1871 |
Downe was served by curates
until G. S.
Ffinden became Vicar in 1871. |
|
"Brodie
Innes and I have been fast friends for thirty years, and we
have never thoroughly agreed on any subject but once, and then we
stared hard at each other, and thought one of us must be very ill"—LLii
288. |
1882 |
Innes was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for
CD's funeral. |
[page] 173
|
|
Innes,
John William Brodie, 1848-1923.
|
|
Son of J. B.
Innes. Barrister and novelist. Innes occurs in letters between CD and
his
father, as a child and young man. |
Insectivorous
Plants
|
1875 |
Insectivorous plants
(F1217). |
1875 |
2nd thousand, with 6-line errata
slip (F1218). |
1875 |
3rd thousand, 6 errata
corrected, but with a further
6 on slip (F1219). |
1888 |
2nd edition, revised by Francis
Darwin
(F1225). |
1969 |
Facsimile 1st edition (F1235). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1875 |
USA (F1220). |
1876 |
German (F1738),
Russian (F1244). |
1877 |
French (F1237). |
1878 |
Italian (F1242). |
1965 |
Romanian (F1243). |
"Instinct"
|
1873 |
[letter] "Inherited instinct", Nature,
Lond., 7:281, introducing a letter without title from William Huggins, ibid.,
7:281-282 (Bii 170, F1757). |
1873 |
"Origin of certain instincts", Nature,
Lond., 7:417-418 (Bii 172, F1760). |
1883 |
"The late Mr. Darwin on
instinct", Nature, Lond., 29:128-129 (F1804), summary, with
last 3 paragraphs in full, of a communication by Romanes to Linnean
Society of London, published in full in Mental evolution in animals,
1883 q.v. |
Institucion
Libre de Ensenanza, Madrid. |
1877 |
CD Honorary
Professor. |
Institut,
see Académie des Sciences. |
Ipswich
Museum portraits
|
1850
|
Set of 60 lithographs of
distinguished scientists prepared 1850, for British Association meeting
at Ipswich 1851. Paid for by G. Ransome chemist and druggist in Ipswich. |
|
Portrait of CD is by T. H.
Maguire, dated 1849, printed by M. & N.
Hanhart. CD is seated in a Down House study chair. This is the only
engraving of CD from life. Copies should carry a facsimile signature
"Charles Darwin" centre and a raised blind Ipswich Museum stamp with
arms bottom right. |
Iquique,
Peru.
|
|
See
Benchuca. |
1835 |
Jul. 13-14 Beagle at. |
|
Jul. 13 CD landed and made short
journey to saltpetre mines. |
Ireland
|
1827 |
May CD visited Belfast and
Dublin at
end of a tour in Scotland, his only visit to Ireland. |
[page] 174
|
|
Isaac,
Charlotte, see Holland. |
Irvine,
Mrs |
|
Landlady of 12 Upper Gower St,
from whom CD
rented the house—Brent p. 258. |
Isle
of May, Fife.
|
|
Firth of
Forth. CD visited with Ainsworth and
Greville when at Edinburgh—Ainsworth Athenaeum 1882 May. |
Irwin
|
|
? a local clergyman near
Downe—CD-Innes 219. |
Isle
of Wight, Hampshire. |
1837 |
Nov. CD visited C. D.
Fox there. |
1846 |
Sep. 12 CD and ED visited on day
trip from British
Association meeting at Southampton. |
1858 |
Jul. 17-Aug. 12 Family holiday
at Sandown and Shanklin. |
1868 |
Jul. 17-Aug. 20 Family holiday
at
Freshwater. |
Italian
|
|
First editions in: |
1864 |
Origin
of species (F706). |
1871 |
Descent of man (F1088). |
1872 |
Journal of
researches (F211). |
1876 |
Variation under
domestication (F920). |
1878 |
Climbing plants (F863).
|
1878 |
Expression
of the emotions (F1200). |
1878 |
Insectivorous plants
(F1242). |
1878 |
Cross and self fertilisation
(F1269). |
1882 |
Vegetable mould and worms
(F1407). |
1883 |
Fertilisation of orchids
(F823). |
1884 |
Different
forms of flowers (F1299). |
1884 |
Movement in plants
(F1347). |
1888 |
Coral reefs (F818). |
1919 |
Autobiography
(F1522). |
1960 |
On
the tendency of species to form varieties (F368). |
[page 175]
J
|
|
Jacko |
|
1894 |
A parrot bought by ED 1894.
|
Jackson,
Mrs. |
|
Wife of William J, she had been
a nurse;
"the
most perfectly tidy person I ever saw, with a row of shiny
black buttons down the front of her dress and an overwhelming sense of
propriety"—Bernard D p. 13. |
Jackson,
Benjamin Daydon, 1846-1927. |
|
Botanist on
staff at Kew, in charge of Index Kewensis. Secretary to
Linnean Society. |
1909,
1910
|
Darwiniana, 1910,
contains three essays
published elsewhere, 1909, republished as a pamphlet with alterations;
one gives a list of plants named after CD. |
Jackson,
William |
1875 |
J was a manservant at Down
House.
|
1875 |
Succeeded Parslow as butler. |
|
"A little man with very red
cheeks, little loose
curly wisps of side whiskers; not very tidy and not at all smart, nor,
I imagine, very efficient"—Bernard D p. 11. |
|
J made
model of Down House in cork, once in Galton Collection at University
College London, now at Down House. |
circa
1882 |
Retired. |
1882 |
J
attended CD's funeral, walking in procession with Parslow behind the
family mourners, but ahead of the official representatives. |
Jäger
[Jaeger], Gustav, 1832-1917. |
|
Zoologist of Stuttgart. |
1875 |
CD to J, thanking him for copy
of his book In Sachen Darwins
insbesondere contra Wigand, 1874. |
[1869] |
Author of Die Darwin'sche
Theorie und ihre Stellung zu Moral und Religion. |
1897 |
Problems of nature,
London,
translations of some of J's papers, prints two letters from CD thanking
J for books sent. |
Jameson,
Robert, 1774-1854. |
|
Mineralogist and
natural historian. DNB. |
1804-1854
|
Prof. Natural History Edinburgh.
CD found
his lectures "incredibly dull"—Autobiography. |
1808 |
J founded Wernerian
Society, Edinburgh. |
1823 |
J founded Plinian Society,
Edinburgh. |
1854 |
CD
to Hooker, about Forbes "I wish, however, he would not praise that old
dry stick Jameson"—MLi 79. |
Jamieson,
Thomas Francis, 1829-1913. |
|
Geologist of
Ellon, Aberdeen. Correspondent of CD. |
1862 |
J was the first person to
give correct solution to parallel roads of Glenroy, Quart. J.
Geol.
Soc.,
19:235-259, 1863. |
Jane |
?1865-1879 |
Housemaid at Down House. Not the
same person as Emily Jane. Head housemaid and leaving to
get married—Bernard D p. 15. |
Janet,
Paul, 1823-1899. |
|
French philosophical writer
and entomologist. |
1857-1864 |
Prof. Logic Lycée Louis le grand
Paris. |
1864-? |
Prof. Philosophy Sorbonne Paris.
|
1866 |
CD to Wallace, "As for M.
Janet, he is a metaphysician, and such gentlemen are so acute that I
think they often misunderstand common folk"—LLiii 46. |
[page] 176
|
|
Japanese
|
|
First editions in: |
1896 |
Origin
of species (F718). |
1949 |
Coral reefs (F319). |
1949 |
Descent of man (F1100). |
1949 |
Different
forms of flowers (F1300). |
1954 |
Journal of
researches (F216). |
1972 |
Autobiography (F1524a).
|
Jardine,
Sir William, Bart, 1800-1874. |
|
Scottish
cabinet naturalist, especially of birds. 7th Bart. J's
relict Hyacinth Symonds married Hooker. DNB. |
1860 |
CD to
Lyell, CD had had a letter from J who opposed CD on evolution, but his
attack on CD's ornithological accuracy is worthless—Carroll 201. |
1860
|
FRS.
|
Jebb,
Sir Richard Claverhouse, 1841-1905. |
|
Greek
scholar. Married Caroline Reynolds. J was much in Cambridge Darwin
circle
after CD's death.—Period piece. DNB. |
1875-1889 |
Prof. Greek Glasgow. |
1887-1905 |
Prof. Greek Cambridge.
|
1900 |
Kt. |
1902 |
FBA. |
Jeens,
Charles Henry, 1827-1879. |
1874 |
J made steel
engraving from Rejlander photograph of CD for Nature, Lond.
Jun. 4. |
Jeffreys,
John Gwyn, 1809-1885. |
|
Malacologist.
DNB. |
1840 |
FRS. |
1860 |
J was anti-Origin,
letter referred to in LLii 260. |
Jenkin, Henry
Charles Fleeming, 1833-1885. |
|
Electrician and engineer. DNB. |
1865 |
FRS. |
1865 |
Prof. Engineering University
College London. |
1867 |
CD to Kingsley, the review is
telling and hostile, but lacking in knowledge. |
1868 |
Prof. Engineering Edinburgh. |
1869 |
Francis D, "my
father, as I believe, felt the review to be the most valuable ever made
on his views"—LLiii 107. |
1869 |
CD to Hooker, "Fleeming Jenkins
[sic] has
given me much trouble, but has been of more real use to me than any
other essay or review"—MLii 379. |
Jenner,
Sir William, Bart, 1815-1898. |
|
Physician. |
1854-1879 |
Physician at University College
London. |
1863 |
CD consulted—Journal. |
1864 |
FRS. |
1868 |
1st Bart.
|
1877 |
KCB. |
Jenyns,
Leonard, later Blomefield,
1800-1893. |
|
Anglican priest and naturalist.
Vicar of Swaffham Bulbeck,
Cambridgeshire. Henslow's brother-in-law. |
1840-1842
|
Wrote Fish for Zoology
of the Beagle.
|
circa 1845 |
J changed his surname on
inheritance, when he moved to
Bath. |
1845 |
CD about J "At first I
disliked him, from his somewhat grim and sarcastic expression...but
I was completely mistaken, and found him very kind-hearted and with a
good stock of humour". Also a biographical note—MLi 49. |
1859 |
CD sent J
1st edition of Origin. |
1862 |
J wrote Memoir of John
Stevens Henslow, with recollections by CD 51-55 (F830). |
1887, 1889 |
Chapters
in my life, for private circulation, Bath; reprint with additions
1889, Bath. |
Jesperson,
P. Helveg |
1949 |
"Charles Darwin and Dr
Grant", Lychnos, 159-167. A useful source of information on
CD's
time at Edinburgh University. |
[page] 177
|
|
Jesse,
George Richard, 1820-1898. |
|
Civil engineer.
Anti-vivisectionist. |
1881 |
J had
written, very politely, to CD on the subject. |
1881 |
J's pamphlet (F1356)
reprints CD's letter to Frithiof Holmgren, which had appeared in The
Times, Apr. 18 (Bii 226, F1352). |
John,
see Edmonston. |
John,
see Jordan. |
Johnson,
Charles Richardson, 1813-1882. |
1832
|
May joined Beagle for
2nd voyage. Acting mate
on
return of Beagle from 2nd voyage. |
1879 |
Vice-Admiral—LLi 221. |
1882
|
Died same week as CD.
|
Johnson,
Henry |
|
Physician. |
1826 |
J was at Edinburgh
with CD. CD to his sister Caroline, saying that J had changed his
lodgings for the third time. |
1880 |
CD to J about excavations at
Wroxeter
and about worms—N&R 74. |
1883 |
J was still on Medical Register.
|
Jones,
Henry Bence, 1814-1873. |
|
Physician. Of St Georges
Hospital.
CD's physician for many years. DNB. |
1846 |
FRS. |
1866 |
Apr. 27 CD
met at Royal Society soirée. |
Jones,
Richard, 1790-1835. |
|
Master at
Haileybury, successor to
Malthus. Generally known as "Old Jones"; moved in scientific circles
and
was partial to a lot of wine, especially port; he liked to share his
food and drink with young men. |
Jones, ?Thomas
Rymer, 1810-1880. |
|
Physician and naturalist. |
1834 |
FRS. |
1836-1874 |
Prof. Comparative
Anatomy King's College London. |
1838 |
CD to Lyell,
"Old Jones" was going to
quarrel at the Newcastle meeting of British Association. CD dined
with.—LLi 295,
Carroll 10. |
1854 |
CD to Lyell, about a meeting of
the
Geological Society, J had told CD about Prestwich's views on red clay
with flints. |
Jordan, John
|
1839 end
|
Manservant at
CD's house,
12 Upper Gower St, London. |
Journal,
see
Darwin's Journal. |
Journal and
Remarks, see
Journal of researches
1839. |
Journal of
Researches, see
also Voyage of a
naturalist, Voyage of the Beagle. |
|
CD's first published
book and
probably his most read. |
|
"Charm arising from the
freshness of
heart which is thrown over these virgin pages of a strong, intellectual
man and an acute and deep observer"—Quart. Rev.—Leonard
Huxley p. 27. |
1845 |
He sold the copyright of the 2nd
edition to
John Murray for £150 and so made no profit from it or from its
many subsequent printings or translations. |
|
GB editions: |
1839 |
As Vol. 3
of R. Fitz-Roy, editor, Narrative of...H.M.S. Adventure and
Beagle, sub-title Journal and Remarks (F10), CD's text was
completed and printed in 1838. |
1839 |
Independent issue of same text, Journal
of researches into the geology and natural history etc.
(F11). |
1840 |
Reissue (F12). |
1845 |
2nd
edition, Journal of researches into the natural history and geology
etc. (F13). |
1860 |
Edition from stereos with
postscript added (F20). |
1890 |
Edition with postscript
incorporated in text, final definitive edition
(F58). |
1890 |
First Murray illustrated edition
(F59). |
1916 |
English braille
edition, based on 1890 (F168). |
|
First foreign editions,
in whole
or in part: |
1844 |
German (F188). The 1st German is
the only translation based on the 1st
English. |
1846 |
USA (F16). |
1860 |
French (F180). |
1870 |
Russian (F226). |
1872 |
Swedish (F259). |
1875 |
German of 2nd edition (F189). |
1876 |
Danish (F174). |
1877 |
Italian (F211). |
1887 |
Polish (F223). |
1891 |
Dutch (F176). |
1900 |
Greek (F206). |
1902 |
Spanish (F249). |
1913 |
Hungarian
(F208).
|
1930 |
Hebrew (F207). |
1949 |
Armenian (F169), Estonian
(F179),
Serbo-Croat (F244). |
1950 |
Slovene (F248). |
1951 |
Georgian (F187). |
1954 |
Japanese (F216). |
1956 |
Czech (F171). |
1958 |
Romanian (F225). |
1963 |
Lithuanian (F222). |
1967 |
Bulgarian (F170). |
[page] 178
|
|
Judd,
John Wesley, 1840-1916. |
|
Geologist. Prof. Geology Royal
College of Science London.
Correspondent and
visitor to Down House—LLiii 352, MLi 375. DNB. |
1877 |
FRS. |
Jukes,
Joseph Beete, 1811-1869. |
|
Geologist. DNB. |
1850-1869
|
Director of the Geological
Survey of Ireland. |
1853 |
FRS. |
1860 |
J was pro-Origin—LLii
293. |
1848 |
CD to Hooker, "The man, not
content with moustaches, now
sports an entire beard, and I am sure thinks himself like Jupiter
tonans"—MLi 65. |
Justice
of the Peace |
1857 |
CD appointed |
1859 |
His only
recorded attendance on bench—LLii 225. |
1881 |
CD to Romanes, he was,
as a magistrate, giving orders daily to allow pigs to cross roads, at a
time of swine fever. |
[page 179]
K
|
|
Kaiserlich-Koenigliche
Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft,
Vienna. |
1867 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Kaiserliche
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna. |
1871 |
CD
Foreign Corresponding Member. |
1875 |
Honorary Foreign Member. |
Karslake,
Sir John Burgess, 1821-1881. |
|
Barrister. DNB. |
1866 |
Kt. |
1867-1868, 1874-1875 |
Attorney-General. |
1875 |
Member of Vivisection
Commission—LLiii 201. |
Kay,
James Phillips, see Shuttleworth. |
Kay,
William, 1807-1861. |
|
Physician of Clifton,
Gloucestershire. Naturalist friend of CD at Edinburgh. |
Kay-Shuttleworth,
Sir James Phillips, Bart, see
Shuttleworth. |
Keeling
Islands, see Cocos Keeling Islands. |
Keen,
Mr and Mrs |
|
British residents in Argentine. |
1833 |
Nov. 22-26 CD visited their
estancia on river Beguelo (CD spells
Berguelo) and collected a skull of "Megatherium", actually Toxodon,
from a nearby hill, Cerro Perico flaco (CD calls it Cerro del Pedro
Flaco)—Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360, 1975. |
Keith,
Sir Arthur, 1866-1955. |
|
Surgeon,
anthropologist and darwinian. K was much involved
in the purchase of Down House for the British Association and its later
acquisition by the Royal College of Surgeons. K retired to Homefield, a
small house on the western side of the Down House estate. |
1913 |
FRS. |
1921 |
Kt. |
1942 |
"A postscript
to Darwin's Vegetable mould through the action of worms", Nature,
Lond., 149:716. |
1955 |
Darwin revalued, which
contains a last
chapter on the later history of Down House, as well as much other
information which is not available elsewhere. |
Kelvin, Baron,
see Sir William Thomson. |
Kemp,
William |
|
Scottish amateur geologist of
Galashiels, Selkirk. "Almost a working man", "partially educated", "a
most careful and ingenious observer". |
1843 |
K sent CD seeds from a
sandpit near Melrose, found under 25 feet of white sand, which
germinated
into a common Rumex, an unrecognized species of Atriplex,
and two species of Polygonum. The
case in
the end not proven—MLii 243-244, Darwin-Henslow 151. |
[page] 180
|
|
Kempson,
Louisa Frances, see Wedgwood. |
Kempson,
William John |
1864 |
Married Louisa Frances
Wedgwood and had offspring. |
Kendall,
Thomas, 1778-1832. |
|
Not in holy orders
but a schoolmaster. |
1814 |
Early missionary for Church
Missionary Society in New Zealand, arriving 1814. |
1823 |
K was dismissed for living with
a Maori girl
and then went native. |
1815 |
Author of the first book
published in New
Zealand, The New Zealander's first book, Sydney
printed. |
1835 |
CD mentions K (spelling
"Kendal")
in "Moral state of Tahiti,
New Zealand etc.", 1836, q.v. in company with John King, but CD did not
meet. |
Kennedy,
Mr |
1834 |
Aug. 28 CD to RF: "Corfield took
me to dine with a
Mr Kennedy, who talks much about the Adventure and Beagle; he says he
saw you at Chiloe"—Keynes p. 235. |
Kennedy,
Dr Benjamin Hall, 1804-1889. |
|
Classical
scholar. DNB. |
1836-1866
|
Headmaster of Shrewsbury School. |
1867-1889
|
Regius Prof. Greek
Cambridge. |
1881 |
Oct. CD saw "old Dr. Kennedy of
Shrewsbury"
at Cambridge. |
Kensington
Square, London. |
1883-1903 |
No. 31, home of R. B.
Litchfield. |
Kent,
William, ?-1882. |
1831
|
Jul. passed as Surgeon.
|
1833
|
Jul. joined Beagle as
Assistant
Surgeon. |
1836 |
Oct. Assistant Surgeon on return
of Beagle from 2nd voyage. |
1838 |
Appointed Surgeon. |
Keppel Island
|
1855 |
Mission to Fuegians started, the
building called
Sulivan House after Admiral B. J. S. |
1898 |
Transferred to Tekeeneka. |
1911 |
Old building sold. |
Kerner
von Marilaun, Anton, Freiherr, 1831-1898. |
|
German botanist. |
1878 |
CD wrote prefatory letter to
translation by W.
Ogle of K's book Die Schützmittel der Blüthen gegen unberufene
Gaste, Innsbruck 1876, Flowers and their unbidden guests,
London (F1318). |
Kew Gardens,
see Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew. |
Kew
Index, see Index Kewensis. |
Keynes,
Sir Geoffrey Langdon, 1887-1982. |
|
Physician and
bibliographer. WH. |
1917 |
Married Margaret Elizabeth
Darwin. 4 sons. |
1955 |
Kt. |
1981
|
FBA.
|
Keynes,
Richard Darwin, 1919-. |
|
Son of Sir
Geoffrey K. The first
member of the present generation of Ds to carry the continuous D
Fellowship of Royal Society into sixth generation from Erasmus D [I].
WH. |
1959 |
FRS. |
1972- |
Prof. Physiology Cambridge. |
|
|
1979 |
Editor of The Beagle record,
Cambridge. Contains much unpublished material including extracts from
Covington diary, many plates mostly by Martens, list of 307 Martens
watercolours. |
Keyserling,
Alexander Friederich Michael Leberecht Arthur, Count
von,
1815-1891. |
|
Russian palaeontologist. K is
referred
to in Historical sketch in Origin. See J. A. Roger, Isis,
64:487-488. Calendar gives forenames as "Alexandr Andreevich" and no
"Count".
|
1860 |
K wrote to CD about Origin LLii
261.
|
King,
Colonel |
|
Of Hythe, Kent. CD corresponded
with
K about pigeons—Variation i 184. |
[page] 181
|
|
King,
Sir George, 1840-1909. |
|
Physician and
botanist. DNB. |
1871-1898
|
Superintendent of Botanical
Garden
Calcutta. |
1873 |
K sent CD Aldrovanda
for Insectivorous
plants, and also helped with Worms—LLiii 216. |
1887 |
FRS.
|
1898 |
KCIE. |
King,
John |
|
Not in holy orders, a shoemaker
by trade. |
1810
|
First missionary for Church
Missionary
Society in New Zealand, arrived 1810. |
1835 |
Dec. CD met Mrs K and
their son, but K was
away—"Moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand etc.", 231. |
King,
Philip Gidley [I], 1758-1808.
|
|
Father of Philip Parker K,
grandfather
of Philip Gidley K q.v. |
1800-1806
|
3rd Governor NSW.
|
King,
Philip Gidley [II], 1817-1904. |
|
Son of Philip
Parker K. Naval officer.
Midshipman on 1st and 2nd voyages of Beagle. CD very friendly
with. |
1832 |
Apr. 25 CD at Botofogo Bay to
Caroline D "I believe King is coming to live here, he is the most
perfect pleasant boy I ever met and is my chief companion"—D and
Beagle pp. 64-6. |
1836 |
Feb. K left Beagle to
remain with his father at Sydney. |
1880- |
K was a member of Legislative
Council of Sydney—LLi 221. |
|
Sketch of Fitz-Roy by K in
Mitchell Library,
Sydney, in Keynes p. 16 |
1890
|
K drew the diagrammatic layout
of Beagle
which first appeared in Journal of researches 1890. A
photograph of the original with mss caption is at Down House. Section
of Beagle by K 1890 at
Hallam
Murray's request, found by Geoffrey Keynes in map pocket of Narrative,
now at Mitchell Library, with a letter to Capt. Fisher, reproduced in
Keynes p. 21. Also a drawing of quarterdeck and poop cabin at CUL—p.
39. |
King,
Philip Parker, 1791-1856.
|
|
Born Norfolk
Is. Son of Philip Gidley K [I] q.v. Father
of Philip Gidley K [II] q.v. Naval Officer. Surveyor and
geologist. Biography D. F. Branagan
1985 Spec. Publ. Soc. Hist. Nat. Hist 3
pp. 179-93. DNB. |
1824 |
FRS. |
|
K commanded, as Captain, Adventure
on
1st voyage of Adventure and Beagle. Collected
plants which Robert Brown was dilatory in identifying. Settled in
Australia with rank of Rear Admiral. |
1836 |
Jan. 23 CD spent evening with
K at Dunheved outside Sydney. |
1836 |
Jan. 28 CD stayed with K 30
miles from
Sydney and visited his relatives, the MacArthurs, for lunch "beautiful
very
large country house" which Keynes identifies as Camden Park—p.
346. |
King,
Richard, ?1811-1876. |
|
Surgeon and naturalist. DNB. |
1833-1835
|
K was on Sir George
Back's arctic expedition. |
circa 1850 |
CD listened to him and other
arctic men discussing expeditions at
Athenaeum—MLi 58. |
King
George's Sound, Western Australia. |
1836 |
Mar. 6-14 Beagle
anchored there, CD landed. |
Kingsley,
Charles, 1819-1875. |
|
Anglican clergyman. Author and
naturalist. Curate and later Rector of Eversleigh, Hampshire. EB DNB. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition Origin
to, "That the Naturalist...should have sent a scientist like me his
book..."—LLii 287. |
1860 |
CD to Henslow telling him that
the "celebrated author and divine" who is quoted in 2nd edition Origin
was K—MLi 174. |
|
Sent K
4th edition Origin—Carroll 330. |
1867 |
CD to K about Duke of
Argyll's Reign
of law and Fleeming Jenkin's review of Origin. |
1873 |
Canon of Westminster. |
Kinnordy,
near Kirriemuir, Forfarshire. |
|
Home of Sir
Charles Lyell's father and later his. |
Kippist,
Richard, 1812-1882.
|
|
Botanist. CD often wrote to K to
borrow books. DNB. |
1842-1881 |
Librarian of
Linnean Society. |
[page] 182
|
|
Kirby
|
|
Cambridge friend of CD. Not
traced. |
1831 |
K was interested
in going with CD to Canary Islands. |
Klein,
Rudolf Emmanuel |
|
Botanist. K helped CD with Insectivorous
plants. |
Knight,
Thomas Andrew, 1759-1838. |
|
Botanist. A distinguished plant
hybridizer. A selection from the
physiological horticultural papers...a sketch of his life,
London 1841. |
1805 |
FRS. |
|
CD drew extensively on his work
in Variation. Knight's Law, sometimes called Knight-Darwin
Law, "nature abhors perpetual self fertilisation"—MLii 250. See
Francis D, Ann. Bot., 13:13, 1899. |
Knole
Park, Sevenoaks, Kent. |
|
Seat of Baron
Sackville. |
1846 |
Sep. 22 CD, ED and Susan D made
day trip to. |
Koch,
Heinrich Hermann Robert, Fr. C. L., 1799-1852. |
|
German mineralogist. CD sent him
copy of Fossil
Cirripedia—Lychnos, 1948-1949: 206-210. |
1851 |
K sent CD fossil cirripedes. |
Kölliker,
Rudolph Albert von, 1817-1905. |
|
Swiss
biologist. |
1844 |
Prof. Physiology and Comparative
Anatomy Zurich. |
1847 |
Prof. Physiology, Microscopy and
Comparative Anatomy Würzburg. |
1860-1864
|
At some time between 1860 and
1864 K visited Down House—LLiii 29. |
1860 |
CD to Huxley who had suggested K
as possible translator of Origin
into German—MLi 139. |
1861 |
Entwicklungsgeschichte des
Menschen und
der höheren Thiere, Leipzig. |
Koeniglich-Bayarische
Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Munich. |
1878 |
CD Foreign Member. |
Koeniglich-Preussische
Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Berlin. |
1863 |
CD Corresponding Member. |
1878 |
CD Fellow. |
Kollmann,
Julius Constantin Ernst, 1834-1918. |
1876 |
K
to CD on atavism and extra digits—MLi 393, Variation I 459. |
Kongeligt Dansk
Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen. |
1879 |
CD Fellow. |
Kongliga
Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien, Stockholm. |
1865 |
CD
Foreign Member. |
Kongliga
Vetenskaps-Societeten, Uppsala. |
1860 |
CD Fellow. |
Koninklijke
Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsche-Indie,
Batavia. |
1880 |
CD Corresponding Member. |
Korean
|
|
First editions in: |
1957 |
Origin of species
(F732). |
1965 |
Autobiography (F1525). |
Kororareka
[Russell],
Town on Bay of Islands,
NZ. |
1835 |
"Capt. FitzRoy, Mr Charles
Darwin and the Officers of H.M.S. 'Beagle'
15.0.0"—subscription to building fund for the chapel fund there. Mss
subscription list 1834-1841, at Russell
Centennial Museum. |
1836 |
"Placing a church at the
headquarters of
iniquity, at such a notorious place as Kororadika (the older spelling),
is certainly a bold trial... This little village is the very stronghold
of vice"—"Moral state of Tahiti" p. 231. |
1844 |
Renamed "Russell". |
1873 |
Chapel renamed Christ Church. |
Kovalevskaya,
Sof'ya Vasil'yevna, see
Krukovskaya. |
Kovalevskii,
Aleksandr Onufrievich, 1840-1901.
|
|
Embrylogist. K was the first to
point out the chordate affinities shown
by ascidian tadpoles. Brother of V. O. K. |
[page] 183
|
|
Kovalevskii,
Vladimir Onufrievich, 1842-1883. |
|
Brother of A. O. K. Married S.
V. Krukovskaya. |
1867-1868
|
K translated Variation
into Russian. |
1867, 1870
|
1867 visited Down House and
again
in 1870. |
1883
|
Committed
suicide. |
Krause,
Ernst, 1839-1903. |
|
German botanist. |
1879 |
Feb.
K's biography of Erasmus Darwin [I] appeared in Kosmos, the
number being a Gratulationsheft for CD's 70th birthday. |
1879 |
An English
translation, with introductory matter by CD had K's own alterations to
his part (F1319). It was this edition which so offended Samuel Butler.
Butler's copy with his mss notes is in the British Library. |
1880 |
German
translation of the 1879 English edition (F1323). |
1885 |
Charles
Darwin und sein Verhältniss zu Deutschland, Leipzig. |
1885 |
Gesammelte
kleinere Schriften, Bd I contains "Humble bees", translated from
CD's unpublished mss (F1584). |
Krohn,
August David, 1803-1891. |
|
Russian-born invertebrate
anatomist of Bonn. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, K had pointed out
errors in
interpretation of CD's anatomy of cirripedes "with the utmost
gentleness and pleasantness" in Archiv für Naturgeschichte 25 (pt 1): 355-64; —LLii 345. CD's recanting of his views is in Nat. Hist. Rev.,
3:115 (F1722)—LLiii 2. |
Kruell,
Gustav, 1843-1907. |
|
Artist. |
1884 |
Wood
engraving from Maull & Fox photograph, the profile, for Harper's
Mag., Oct.—LLi frontispiece. |
1887 |
Wood
engraving from Elliot & Fry photograph for LLiii frontispiece.
|
Krukovskaya,
Sof'ya Vasil'yevna Korvin-,
1850-1891.
|
|
Russian
mathematician. |
1868 |
Married V. O. Kovalevskii. |
1883- |
Professor of Mathematics,
Stockholm. |
1869 |
Visited Down House with husband. |
Kynaston,
Sir Edward, Bart, 1775-1839. |
|
Vicar of Kinnerley, Shropshire. |
1822 |
2nd Bart. |
1831 |
Sep. 6 CD to his sister
Susan, describes Fitz-Roy as a "dark but handsome edition of Mr
Kynaston"—LLi 206. |
[page 184]
L
|
|
Lacaze-Duthiers,
Felix Joseph Henri de, 1821-1901.
|
|
French invertebrate zoologist. |
1872 |
CD to Quatrefages, "I am
gratified
to hear that M. Lacaze-Duthiers will vote for me [for Académie des
Sciences] for I have long honoured his name"—LLiii 155. The election
was for the zoology section. CD did not get in.
|
1878 |
Elected for the
botany section. |
Lack,
David Lambert, 1910-1974. |
|
Ornithologist. WH. |
1945-1974 |
Director Edward Grey Institute
Oxford. |
1946 |
"The
Galapagos finches", Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 21. |
1947 |
Darwin's
finches, London. |
1951 |
FRS. |
Lacy,
Dyson |
|
Australian. Of Aramao, Bacao
near
Rockhampton, Queensland. |
1868 |
L answered CD's Queries
about
expression. |
Lake
District, see Coniston, Patterdale. |
Lamarck,
Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de,
1744-1829. |
|
French naturalist and
evolutionist. |
1809 |
L's main
work, Philosophie zoologique, Paris. |
1844 |
CD to Hooker, "Heaven forfend me
from Lamarck's nonsense of a 'tendency to
progression', 'adaptations for the slow willing of animals',
&c.!"—LLii 23. |
1844 |
CD to Hooker, "Lamarck's [book]
which is
veritable rubbish"—LLii 29. |
circa
1850 |
L "In his absurd though clever
work
has done the subject much harm, as has Mr Vestiges"—LLii 29. |
1861 |
CD discusses L's
views in para. 2 and footnote of "Historical sketch", "This justly
celebrated naturalist". "He first did the eminent service of arousing
the attention to the probability of all change...being the result
of law, and not of miraculous interposition". |
Lamont,
Sir James, Bart, 1828-1913. |
|
Sportsman,
traveller and geologist. MP. |
|
Of Knockdow,
Argyllshire. |
?1860 |
Mar. 5 CD to L about
evolution—MLi 143. |
1861 |
Seasons
with the sea-horses, London. L sent CD a copy. CD replied about
whales and bears. The book, p. 17, contains an important statement
about
the relationship between British red grouse and Scandinavian willow
grouse, and, p. 277, quotes whale-bear story, from 1st edition of
Origin p. 184, in full, the only
reproduction of it in CD's lifetime except in 1860 USA editions of Origin—MLi
179. |
1910 |
1st Bart. |
[page] 185
|
|
Lane,
Edward Wickstead, 1823-1889. |
|
Proprietor of Moor
Park hydropathic establishment, near Farnham, Surrey. Later at
Sudbrooke
Park, Petersham, Surrey. Son-in-law of Lady Drysdale. |
1882 |
L
was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
|
L gives his
recollections of CD in W. B. Richardson, Lecture on Charles Darwin—LLi
131 with quotation. |
Lane,
H. B. |
|
Australian of Belfast, Victoria,
police
magistrate and warden. |
1867 |
L answered CD's Queries
about
expression. |
Lane,
Richard James, 1800-1872. |
|
Physician. ? Brother of E. W. L.
|
1860 |
L
was at Sudbrooke Park hydropathic establishment, Petersham, Surrey,
which CD visited in that year. |
Langdon,
Miss |
|
Governess to the Wedgwoods at
Maer. "The most unattractive old lady I ever saw, nearly stone
deaf, with a harsh countenance, and a voice like a parrot's"—EDii 155. |
1854 |
L was taken in by Sarah
Elizabeth Wedgwood [II] at The Ridge,
Hartfield. |
Langton,
Algernon, 1781-? |
|
Soldier, later Anglican
clergyman. Uncle of Charles L. |
1820 |
Married Marianne Drewe. 1 son,
Bennet L. |
Langton,
Bennet, 1822-? |
|
Only child of Algernon L. |
Langton,
Charles, 1801-1886. |
|
Anglican clergyman.
Nephew of Algernon L. Had a weak chest. Lost nine siblings through
consumption. |
before 1831 |
L had been tutor to Lord
Craven's
children. |
1832 |
Married 1 Charlotte Wedgwood. 1
son. |
1832-1841 |
Vicar of Onibury near Ludlow. |
1841 |
L lost his faith
and resigned living. |
1841-1847 |
L lived at Maer. |
1847-1863
|
L lived at
Hartfield Grove, Hartfield, Sussex, which he left after death of 1st
wife. |
1863 |
CD and ED stayed there—MLi 240. |
1863 |
Married 2 Emily Catherine
Darwin. s.p. |
|
L moved to Shrewsbury and,
after death of second wife, moved into lodgings "at Mrs Tasker's". |
Langton,
Charlotte, see Wedgwood. |
Langton,
Diana |
|
Daughter of Emily Caroline and
Edmund L. |
1896 |
Married Capt. A. A. Montgomery. |
Langton,
Edmund, 1841-1875. |
|
Only child of Charles L and
Charlotte Wedgwood. CD's second cousin. |
1867 |
Married Emily Caroline Langton
Massingberd. 1 son,
2 daughters: 1. Charlotte Mildred, 2. Steven Massingberd,
3. Diana. |
Langton,
Emily Caroline, see Massingberd. |
Langton,
Emily Catherine, see Darwin. |
Langton,
Steven Massingberd
|
|
Son of Emily Caroline and Edmund
L. |
1895 |
Married Margaret Lushington. |
Lankester,
Sir Edwin Ray, 1847-1929. |
|
Zoologist. DNB. |
1872 |
CD to L, about
reproduction of elephants "I can clearly see that you will some day
become our first star in Natural History"—MLi 336. |
1874-1890 |
Prof. Zoology and Comparative
Anatomy University
College London. |
1875 |
FRS. |
1875 |
CD to ?, about L
being blackballed for election to Linnean Society, "he is not a
personal friend only an acquaintance"—FUL 114. |
1879 |
CD to L, CD is glad
that L is to spend more time on original research, does "splendid
work"—Carroll 565. |
1880 |
Degeneration: a chapter on
Darwinism. |
1881 |
CD wrote a testimonial for L's
application for Edinburgh Chair,
?printed. L held it briefly in plurality—Carroll 604. |
1891-1898 |
Oxford. |
1898-1907 |
Director British Museum (Natural
History). |
1907 |
KCB. |
[page] 186
|
|
Larson,
Dr |
|
Assistant to W. H. Flower at
Royal
College of Surgeons, although never on the official staff. See
R. A. Blair. |
1878 |
Flower
to CD, on deformity in goose wings, gives L's report—Carroll 551 and
p. 209. |
Latter,
Mrs |
1858 |
Governess at Down House for
about
a year. |
Latvian
|
|
First editions in: |
1914-1915 |
Origin of species
(F736). |
1953 |
Autobiography (F1526). |
Laugel,
Antoine August, 1830-1914. |
|
French geologist. |
1860 |
L gave a favourable review of Origin
in Rev. deux
Mondes, Apr.—LLii 305. |
Laurence,
Samuel, 1812-1884. |
|
Artist. |
1853 |
Chalk
drawing of CD is at Down House. There is a study for it at Botany
School Cambridge. |
Lawless,
Hon. Mrs |
1876 |
CD to Romanes, CD had
corresponded with L about fertilisation of plants; she sent CD "a very
good manuscript"—Life of Romanes 56. |
Lawson,
Nicholas |
|
English. Vice-Governor of
Galapagos
Islands. |
1835 |
Sep. 25 entertained CD and FR on
Charles Is; "he could
tell at once [from] which island any one (tortoise) was brought"—CD Diary—Keynes
pp. 302-3. |
Layard,
Edgar Leopold, 1824-1900. |
|
Naturalist and
traveller. L provided CD with information for Variation—Carroll
143. |
Leadendale
|
1897
|
Home of Cecil Wedgwood.
|
"Leaves"
|
1881 |
[Letter] "The movement of
leaves", Nature,
Lond., 23:603-604 (Bii 728, F1794). |
1881 |
"Leaves injured at night by
free radiation", Nature, Lond., 24:459 (Bii 231, F1796). |
Lecoq,
Henri, 1802-1871. |
|
French botanist. |
1854-1858 |
Études sur la
géographie botanique de l'Europe, 9 vols, Paris—LLiii
301. |
1862 |
CD to
Hooker, "Here is a good joke: I saw an extract from Lecoq 'Géograph.
Bot.' and ordered it and hoped it was a good sized pamphlet,
and nine thick volumes have arrived". |
1863 |
CD to Hooker, L is a believer in
change of species—LLiii 26. |
Lee,
Rev. Samuel, 1783-1852. |
|
Historian and
orientalist. |
1819-1831 |
Prof. Arabic Cambridge. |
1831-1848 |
Regius Prof. History
Cambridge. |
1838 |
CD dined with L at Trinity
College. |
Leggett,
William Henry, 1816-1882. |
|
Botanist of New
York. L helped CD with information on forms of flowers. |
[page] 187
|
|
Lehr,
Christian Wilhelm Jacob, 1856-?1898. |
|
Sculptor. |
before
1887 |
Bust, not from life but before
1887, listed in LLiii without
whereabouts. At Oxford University Museum. |
Leidy,
Joseph, 1823-1891. |
|
American zoologist. |
1853- |
Prof.
Anatomy Pennsylvania. |
1860 |
Feb. CD to L, welcoming L's
partial
acceptance of CD's views on evolution, "I have never for a moment
doubted, that though I cannot see my errors, that much in my book will
be proved erroneous"—Carroll 202. |
Leighton,
Francis Knyvett,
1772-1834. |
|
Army Officer. A Shropshire
family. |
1805 |
Married Mary Anne
Aldworth. Daughter Clare. |
1835 |
Apr. 23 CD at
Valparaiso to Susan "I am indeed very sorry to hear of poor
Col. Leighton's death. I can well believe he is regretted"—Keynes p.
280. |
Leighton,
William Allport, 1805-1899. |
|
Anglican
clergyman and lichenologist. Schoolfellow of CD at Mr
Case's school, Shrewsbury—LLi 28. |
Leith,
Midlothian, the port of Edinburgh. |
1838 |
Jun.
CD went to L by boat from London on his way to Glen Roy. |
Leith
Hill Place, near Dorking, Surrey. |
1842 |
Joe W bought
it, about 4000 acres, on resigning
his partnership in the firm. |
circa
1847-
1880 |
Home of
Josiah
Wedgwood [III] circa 1847-1880.
|
|
Also home of Margaret Susan W,
Mrs
Vaughan Williams. |
before
1944 and later
|
It passed to Hervey Vaughan
Williams, and
1944 on his death to Ralph V. W., who gave it to National Trust. They
leased it to Ralph Wedgwood, his cousin and close friend. |
Lepadidae,
fossil of Great Britain, see
Cirripedia, British fossil. |
Lesquereux,
Leo, 1806-1889. |
|
Swiss palaeobotanist,
settled in USA. |
1865 |
CD to Hooker, "he says that he
is converted [to
evolution] because my books make the Birth of Christ, Redemption by
Grace, etc., plain to him"—MLi 260. |
Lessona,
Michele, 1823-1894. |
|
Prof. Zoology Turin. L
translated four of CD's works into Italian. |
1882 |
"Commemorazione di
Carlo Darwin", Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 18:709-718. |
1883 |
Carlo
Darwin, Rome. |
Lester,
James |
|
Petty Officer Cooper on 2nd
voyage of Beagle. |
Letters
|
|
Letters to and from CD, in
whole or in
part, are contained in the following main collections: |
1887 |
Life and letters, 3 vols. |
1903 |
More letters, 2 vols. |
1904, 1915 |
Emma Darwin, 2 vols. |
1909 |
Letters to Trimen in E. B. Poulton, Darwin and the Origin. |
1915 |
Letters to Wallace in J. Marchant, Alfred Russel Wallace. |
1939 |
Letters to Asa Gray, Historical Records Survey,
Boston. |
1959 |
de Beer, Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 14:12-66,
which also lists about thirty other sources of one or a few letters. |
1961 |
de Beer, Ann. Sci., 14:83-115, a continuation of de
B's 1959 paper. |
1961 |
Letters to Innes in R. M.
Stecher, Ann. Sci.,
17:201-258. |
1967 |
Letters to Henslow in Nora
Barlow, Darwin and Henslow. |
1969 |
Letters to Bates in R. M.
Stecher, Ann. Sci.,
25:1-47, 95-125. |
1976 |
Letters at American
Philosophical Society, calendared by P.
T. Carroll. |
[page] 188
|
|
Letters
on Geology |
|
Extracts from letters sent to
Henslow by CD when on the Beagle voyage were read to the
Cambridge Philosophical Society. |
1835 |
These extracts were printed,
without CD's knowledge, for private circulation amongst members of the
Society, by Cambridge University Press. |
|
The pamphlet is not dated,
although the preface is dated Nov. 16, 1835 (F1). |
1960 |
A type facsimile,
also
for private distribution, was issued in 1960 (F4). |
1967 |
The letters are
printed in full in Darwin and Henslow (F5, F1598), 1967. |
|
Foreign editions: |
1891 |
German (F6). |
1959 |
Russian (F7). |
Lettington, Henry (b. 1822/3)
|
1854-1872 |
Gardener at Down House. |
|
L of CD "He moons about in the
garden, and I have seen him
standing doing nothing before a flower for ten minutes at a time. If
only he had something to do I believe he would be better"—Lubbock, Darwin-Wallace
celebrations of the Linnean Society of London, 57-58, 1908. |
1882 |
L
was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1895 |
Jul. Alive. |
Leuckart,
Carl Georg Friedrich Rudolf, 1822-1898. |
|
Prof. Zoology Leipzig. |
1864 |
CD to Falconer, L was an early
convert to
evolution. |
Lewes,
George Henry, 1817-1878. |
|
Man of letters. Many letters to
and from CD in The George Eliot letters 8 and
9, 1978. DNB. |
1854-1878 |
Common law husband of Mary Ann
Evans ["George Eliot"]. |
1868 |
Feb. L reviewed Variation
favourably and "gratifyingly"—LLiii
76. |
|
1873 Oct. lunched at Down House
with Eliot. |
1874 |
CD and ED attended a seance at
Litchfield's house in London
with L and George Eliot. |
Lewis,
John [I], 1797/1798-1866. |
|
Carpenter of Downe. Father of
John L [II]. Often worked for CD. |
1849 |
Built hydropathic douche beside
the well. |
1862 |
With his son built hothouse. |
Lewis, John
[II], circa
1834-?; |
|
Son of J. L. [II]. "A short hale
man with white hair and beard and a
rare smile"—Zoologist 1909 p. 120, extracted from Evening
News 1909 Feb. 12. |
circa
1849 |
Page at Down House for two
years. |
|
Later village carpenter first
working with his father. |
1882 |
Built CD's
first coffin q.v. |
1921 |
Alive aet. 87—Colp J. Hist.
Med.
35:59-63, 1980. |
Lewy,
Naphtali (Naphtali Hallevi), 1840-1894. |
|
Rabbi
and humanistic writer of Radom, Russian Poland.
|
1874 |
Pamphlet Toledoth Adam
[The descent of man], 60 pp,
Vienna, which is the first to introduce CD's views into rabbinical
literature. |
1876 |
L wrote to CD
about Toledoth Adam—MLi 365. |
1891 |
L's book Nachlat Naphtali,
Pressburg, prints extracts from his correspondence with CD. |
1894 |
L died at
Southport, Lancashire. |
Leyden,
University of |
1875 |
CD Honorary MD. |
Liebre,
La
|
|
Schooner. CD says 11½ tons, but
FR says 9 tons "sharp
built or frigate barge". Surveyed southeast coast of Argentine. |
1832 |
Sep. 11 hired at £140 by
Fitz-Roy
from James Harris, resident at Rio Negro, Argentine, for eight lunar
months, with Schooner La Paz. Commanded by Stokes,
who had Lieut B. J. Sulivan in La Paz
under his command. |
|
CD travelled
on her for a time and then Wickham was in charge. |
[page] 189
|
|
Liesk,
Mr |
|
Resident in Cocos Keeling
Islands. |
1836 |
Apr. 3 CD met. |
Life
and letters |
|
Contains CD's "Autobiography"
in Vol. 1, 26-160. |
1887,
1888 |
Francis D, editor, The
life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical
chapter, 3 vols, London. Three other printings in 1887 and one in
1888 have small corrections (F1452-1457). |
1969 |
Facsimile (F1507). |
|
Foreign editions of whole
work: |
1887 |
USA (F1456). |
1887-1888 |
German (F1515). |
1888 |
French (F1514) |
1889 |
Norwegian (F1528). |
1892 |
See also Charles Darwin:
his life, which is largely, but not entirely an abridged version. |
Lindley,
John, 1799-1865. |
|
Botanist.
DNB. |
1828 |
FRS. |
1829-1860
|
Prof.
Botany University College London. |
1843 |
CD sent L some seeds
which had been found by W. Kemp under 25 feet of white sand—MLii 243. |
1853 |
L was in competition with CD for
award of Royal Medal of Royal Society. |
1856 |
CD to Hooker, suggesting that L
was worth a Copley Medal. |
1857 |
L got a
Royal in 1857, never a Copley—MLi 88. |
Linnean
Club |
|
Dining club of Linnean Society. |
1861 |
CD dined at with Thomas Bell. |
Linnean Society
of London |
|
CD used
the Library a great deal. |
1854- |
CD Fellow. |
1856 |
CD sent £20 for some special
purpose "with heavy groans"—MLi 94. |
1881 |
The Society commissioned John
Collier's oil portrait of CD. It hangs in their rooms at Burlington
House. |
Linum |
1863 |
On the existence of two forms,
and on
their reciprocal sexual relation in several species of the genus Linum,
J. Proc. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 7:69-83 (Bii 93, F1723). |
1863 |
French
translation Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 19:204-295, with CD's
1862
papers on Primula and Catasetum. |
Lion,
The, Inn, Wyle Cop, Shrewsbury. |
1835 |
CD to his
sister Susan, CD considered staying there when he got back from Beagle
voyage, travelling by coach from Falmouth, to avoid waking family in
middle of the night. In the event he reached Shrewsbury in the early
morning. It is still there as an hotel. |
Litchfield,
Henrietta Emma, see Darwin. |
Litchfield,
Richard Buckley, 1831-1903 Jan. 11. |
|
Scholar and
philanthropist. L worked on the legal side of the Ecclesiastical
Commission. A founder of the Working Men's College (later Birkbeck
College) London. L lived at 4 Bryanston Square. See Period piece
ch. 7. |
1871 |
Aug. 31, married at Downe
Church, Henrietta Emma
D
d.s.p. |
1881 |
ED to George D "the Litches came
at
lunchtime".
|
1883 |
Moved to 31
Kensington Square. |
1903 |
Biographer of Thomas Wedgwood. |
1903 |
Died at
Cannes. |
[page] 190
|
|
Lithuanian
|
|
First editions in: |
1959 |
Origin of species
(F738). |
1959 |
Autobiography
(F1527). |
1963 |
Journal of
researches (F222). |
Little
Etruria |
|
House on the Etruria estate,
near Etruria Hall. First home of
Josiah Wedgwood [II]. |
1769 |
Josiah Wedgwood [I]
and family moved in from Brick House, the Hall not being finished. |
1792 |
Josiah W [II] and Bessy moved in
on marriage. |
Liverpool,
Lancashire. |
1818 |
Jul. CD visited with
Erasmus Alvey D. |
1838 |
CD passed through on return from
Glen Roy. |
Llangollen,
Denbighshire. |
1831 |
Aug. CD visited with
Sedgwick for geology. |
Lloyd,
Miss |
1869 |
CD to L, sending letter from
Boyd
Dawkins about CD's visit to Caerdeon, Barmouth. ?Owner of house where
they stayed—Carroll 373. |
Lloyd,
Ann Susan, 1789-1862. |
|
Daughter of Gamaliel L of
Yorkshire. |
1806 |
Married Leonard Horner. |
Lloyd,
Capt. John Augustus, 1800-1884. |
|
See also Elephant.
DNB. |
1830 |
FRS. |
1831-1849
|
Surveyor General Mauritius. |
1836 |
May 3 L entertained CD "So
well known from his examination of the Isthmus of Panama"—J.
Researches,
1845, 485. |
Loch
Leven, Argyllshire. |
1838 |
Jun. CD visited on way
to Glen Roy. |
Lock &
Whitfield |
|
Commercial photographers of
London. |
1958 |
L. Eiseley, Darwin's century,
has on front free
end paper an oval photograph, from Men of mark, 3rd ser.,
1878, attributed to this firm. It looks like a Julia Cameron
rephotographed. No other evidence that they photographed CD. |
Loddiges,
Conrad |
|
Nurseryman. |
1838 |
Sep. CD visited
his garden in Hackney, saw 1279 varieties of roses—Allan 123. |
Loewenberg,
Bert James, 1905-. |
|
American historian of
evolution. |
1939 |
L wrote introduction to calendar
of CD to Asa Gray
letters. |
1959 |
Charles Darwin: evolution by
natural selection,
Boston, selections by L from CD's works. |
London
Stereoscopic Company |
|
See also Stereoscopic
Company. |
1909
|
Three photographs of CD
were shown at British Museum (Natural History) memorial exhibition,
1909; said to have been taken circa 1864. |
Long,
Professor |
|
Character in E. G. E. Bulwer
Lytton's novel What will he do with it, 4 vols, 1858, Vol. 1;
284-296. CD says, in "Autobiography" 81, that the character was
modelled
on him. "Lecture on conchology to the Gatesboro' Athenaeum and Literary
Institute" for which the fee was £5.5.0. He had written "Researches
into the natural history of limpets, 2 vols,
Post Octavo". |
[page] 191
|
|
Longfellow,
Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882. |
|
Poet. |
1843 |
Married Frances Elizabeth
Appleton. |
1868 |
L
called on CD at Freshwater, Isle of Wight, with brother-in-law T. G.
Appleton. |
Longley,
Dr, ?-1868. |
|
Resident at Downe. L is not on
Physicians Register. |
1868 |
CD to
Innes, "I was sorry to lose"—Darwin-Innes 227. |
Longueville,
Cecile |
1860 |
Married Henry Parker. |
Lonsdale,
William, 1794-1871. |
|
Soldier and
geologist. L served at Waterloo. |
1829-1842 |
Curator and Librarian
Geological Society of London. |
1842 |
CD to Lyell, CD "had a long talk
with Lonsdale, who was cheerful for the first time in his life because
of a gift, which he will use on coral work". The gift was a moiety from
the Wollaston Fund—Carroll 28. |
Lothian
St, Edinburgh. |
|
No. 11. Mrs Mackay
charged £1.16.0
per week for two bedrooms and a sitting room. She regularly let to
medical students, including later Edward Forbes. |
1825-1827
|
CD lodged there when a
medical student 1825 Oct.-1827 Apr. In the first year his brother
Erasmus Alvey D was also there. |
|
John Edmonston
q.v. lived at No. 37 during CD's time. |
1888 |
A tablet was
put up on the house commemorating CD's stay, at suggestion of Francis
D. Ashworth, 1935, wrongly, numbers the house "21". |
Lovegrove,
Mr Charles |
|
Churchwarden at Downe Church. He
and Mrs
L are mentioned in Darwin-Innes 220, 231. |
Low
Archipelago, see Tuamotu. |
Lowe,
Henry Porter, 1810-1887. |
|
Cambridge friend of
CD, later Sherbrooke. Brother of Viscount S. Member of
Gourmet Club. |
Lowe, Rev.
Richard Thomas, 1802-1874. |
|
Anglican
clergyman and botanist. DNB. |
1832-1852
|
Chaplain at Madeira. |
1866 |
Hooker to CD, H had
a letter from L on distribution of plants in Atlantic islands which was
of interest to CD. |
Lowe,
Robert, 1811-1892. |
|
At Oxford. Statesman. Liberal MP
for Kidderminster, later for University of
London. Biography A. P. Martin 1893: "I saw
something in him (CD) which
marked him out as superior to anyone I had ever met". This when they
met
at Barmouth. DNB. |
?1828 |
Said by Allan to have
been on Barmouth reading party with CD, perhaps in confusion with
his brother Henry. |
1831 |
Was at Barmouth with CD, not the
earlier
trip. |
1842-1850 |
In Australia. |
1868-1873 |
Chancellor of the Exchequer. |
1871 |
FRS. |
1871 |
L visited Down House from High
Elms
with Lubbock, Huxley and M. E. G. Duff. |
1880 |
Viscount
Sherbrooke. |
Lowell,
J. A. |
1860 |
May L reviewed Origin
in Christian Examiner, Boston, 449-464. |
Lowell,
James Russell, 1819-1891. |
|
American author
and diplomat. EB. |
1880-1885 |
American Minister in London. |
1882
|
Pallbearer at CD's
funeral. |
[page] 192
|
|
Lubbock,
Lady [Alice], see Fox. |
Lubbock,
Lady [Ellen Frances], see Hordern. |
Lubbock,
Lady [Harriet], see Hotham. |
Lubbock,
Henry James, 1838-? |
|
Son of Sir John
William L. Younger brother of Sir John L. Married Frances Mary
Turton. L visited
Down House with his elder brother. |
Lubbock,
Sir John, Bart, 1834-1913. |
|
First child of Sir
John William L. Statesman,
banker and man of science. Home High Elms near Downe. L was the closest
of
CD's
younger friends and frequent visitor to Down House from childhood.
Biography:
Hutchinson 1914. DNB EB. |
1856
|
Married 1 Ellen
Frances Hordern. 3 sons, 3 daughters: 1. Amy Harriet; 2. John Birkbeck,
3. Constance
Mary, 4. Norma, 5. Gertrude, 6. Rolfe Arthur. |
1853 |
His first scientific paper was
in Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. describing Labidocera darwinii,
a calanid copepod, from material lent by CD. "How on earth you find
time is a mystery to me—CD to L in Hutchinson i p. 176; |
1858 |
FRS. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin
to. |
1865 |
4th Bart. |
1865 |
CD to Hooker, "Many
men can make fair M.P.'s; and how few can work in science like
him"—MLii 157. |
1882 |
L suggested Westminster Abbey
funeral for CD and
organized letter to the Dean. Served as a Pallbearer. |
1884
|
Married 2 Alice A. L. L. Fox. 3
sons, 2 daughters. 1. Ursula, 2. Irene, 3. Harold Fox Pitt, 4.
Eric Fox Pitt,
5. Maurice Fox Pitt. |
1900 |
1st Baron
Avebury.
|
Lubbock,
Sir John's Hundred Books |
|
Published by
George Routledge. |
|
The set includes: |
1891 |
Journal of researches
(F69) as No. 2. |
1894 |
(=1895) Origin of species
(F445) as
No. 88. |
Lubbock,
Sir John Birkbeck, Bart, 1858-1929. |
|
Eldest son of Sir John
L. and Ellen Frances Hordern. |
1913 |
5th Bart. |
1913 |
2nd Baron Avebury. |
Lubbock, Sir
John William, Bart, 1803-1865. |
|
Father of Sir John L. Banker,
barrister and astronomer. Home High Elms near Downe, which he largely
rebuilt. CD's
neighbour, their land marching together. On friendly terms, but not
close. DNB. |
1829 |
3rd Bart, FRS. |
1833 |
Married Harriet
Hotham. |
Lubbock, Ursula,
1885-? |
|
Second child of Sir
John L
and Alice Fox. |
1906 |
Married Major Adrian
Grant Duff. |
Ludwig,
Miss Camilla |
|
Sister of Karl L. Later Mrs
Patrick. |
1859-1865 or later |
Governess at Down
House. |
1868 |
L translated for CD C. L.
Rütimeyer, Die Grenzen der Thierwelt;
eine Betrachtung zu Darwin's Lehre, Basel. |
Ludwig,
Karl |
|
Brother of Camilla L. An officer
of the
Hamburg liner S.S. Teutonia. L visited Down House. |
Ludwig,
Rudolf August Birminghold Sebastian,
1812-1880. |
|
German palaeontologist of
Darmstadt. |
1877 |
CD to L, thanking for
essay dedicated to CD and referring to "Crocodilus darwini,
Fossile Crocodiliden aus der Tertiär Formation des Mainzer Beckens", Palaeontographica,
suppl. 3, Lief. 4 and 5. |
[page] 193
|
|
"Luftschifferei
der Spinnen" |
1839 |
"Uber der
Luftschifferei der Spinnen", Froriep's Neue Notizen aus dem
Gebiete
der Natur-und Heilkunde, 11:505-509 (F1654); a translation from J.
Researches, 1845, 187-189. |
Lumb,
Edward (d. 1872) |
|
English merchant at Buenos
Aires. |
1833 |
CD stayed with. |
1834 |
L arranged for shipment to
England of a "Megatherium" skull, actually Toxodon, which CD
had found
near the estancia of Mr Keen q.v., on river Beguelo—J. H.
Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360. |
Lushington,
Beatrice Ann Shore, see Smith. |
Lushington,
Sir Godfrey, 1832-1907. |
|
Fifth son of Stephen L.
Barrister and
Civil Servant. |
1865 |
Married Beatrice Ann
Shore Smith. |
1868 |
CD and ED gave luncheon to him
and his wife in
London—EDii 189. |
1882 |
L and Mrs L on "Family
Friends invited"
list for CD's funeral. |
1892 |
KCB. |
1899 |
GCMG. |
Lushington,
Jane, see Mowatt. |
Lushington,
Stephen,
1782-1873. |
|
Father of Vernon L.
|
Lushington,
Vernon, 1832-1912. |
|
Fourth son of Stephen L. 36
Kensington Square, London, and Borden,
Hampshire. DNB. |
1806-1840 |
MP. |
1838-1867
|
Judge of High Court of
Admiralty. |
1865 |
Married Jane Mowatt. 2
daughters. |
circa
1869 |
Henrietta Emma D first met R. D.
Litchfield, her future husband,
at the L's London house. The L's and their two daughters remained
family
friends. Katherine ("Kitty") married Leopold James Maxse; Margaret
married Stephen
Massingberd son of Edmund Langton. |
1871, 1881
|
1871 Spring and 1881 Jul. L
visited Down House with wife. |
1877-1900 |
County Court Judge
for Surrey and Berkshire.
|
1882 |
L and Mrs L on "Family
Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Luxan,
see Benchuca. |
Lyell,
Lady (Charles), see Mary Horner. |
Lyell,
Miss |
|
One of Charles L [I]'s
daughters,
probably the eldest. |
1875 |
CD to Miss Buckley
mentions
her—LLiii 196. |
Lyell, Charles
[I], 1767-1849. |
|
Amateur botanist and
country gentleman. Of Kinnordy,
Kirriemuir, Forfarshire. |
1796 |
Married — Smith. 3 sons, 7
daughters: first son Charles, second son Thomas, third son Henry. |
Lyell,
Sir Charles [II], Bart, 1797 Nov. 14-1875
Feb. 22. |
|
Geologist. First son of Charles
Lyell [I]. Family home Kinnordy, Kirriemuir, Forfarshire; in London 16
Hart
St, Bloomsbury Square, later 53 Harley St. Blind in old age. Biography:
Mrs K. M. Lyell (sister-in-law), 2
vols 1881; Bonney 1901; F. D. Adams 1933; E. Bailey 1962; L. G. Wilson
1972. EB DNB. |
|
L
was of independent means and worked as a geologist, the most
distinguished of his age. L was a close friend and correspondent of CD,
but never on the same comfortable
terms as Hooker, and never stated unequivocally in print his views on
CD's position in regard to evolution. |
1826 |
FRS. |
until
1827
|
Called to the Bar and
practised until 1827. |
1831-1833
|
Prof. Geology King's College
London. |
1832 |
Married Mary Elizabeth Horner
d.s.p. |
1836 |
Oct. 29 CD
first met at L's house in London. |
1839 |
ED to her sister Sarah Elizabeth
Wedgwood [II], "Mr Lyell is enough to flatten a party, as he never
speaks above his breath, so that everybody keeps lowering their tone to
his"—EDii 40. |
1844 |
CD to Horner, "I always feel as
if my books
[the geologies] came half out of Lyell's brain"—MLii 117. |
1845 |
CD dedicated 2nd edition of Journal
of
researches to L. |
1848 |
Kt. |
1858 |
Copley
Medal. |
1858 |
CD to
Hooker, sending H notes on L's excellence to help him award Copley
Medal—MLi 445. |
1859 |
CD sent L 1st edition of Origin,
copy now
at Down House, presented by Sir George Buckston Browne. |
1863 |
CD
to Hooker, "The Lyells are coming here...I dread it, but I must say
how much disappointed I am that he has not spoken out on species, still
less on man"—LLiii 9. |
1864 |
1st Bart. |
1865 |
Feb. CD broke 6th edition of Elements
of geology into two halves in his dislike of fat books—LLiii 35. |
1874 |
Sep. 23 CD's last letter to
Lyell about Judd's views on
volcanoes—LLiii 190. |
1875 |
CD was asked by Mrs
Henry Lyell to
be a Pallbearer at L's funeral. CD declined on grounds of ill
health. |
|
L's secretary for many years was
Arabella Burton Buckley q.v.
|
|
Most of
CD's correspondence with L is at American Philosophical Society,
Philadelphia, with Calendar 1976 by P. T. Carroll. |
|
L's seven notebooks
on the species problem, at Kinnordy, edited by L. G. Wilson, Yale
University Press 1970. |
|
Main works: |
1830-1833 |
Principles of geology,
three vols, London. CD's copy of Vol. 1 was presented to him
by Fitz-Roy. Vol. 2 reached him in South America. |
1838 |
Elements of geology,
London. |
1863 |
The geological evidence of
the antiquity of man,
London. |
|
In his will
he
left the die by Wyon to be cast in bronze to Geological Society and
£2,000, not
less than one third interest to go with gold medal annually. |
[page] 194
|
|
Lyell,
Lt-Col. Henry, ?-1875. |
|
Third son of Charles Lyell [I].
Indian Army Officer. |
1848 |
Married Katherine Murray Horner.
3 sons, 1 daughter: 1.
Leonard born 1850; 2. Francis born 1852; 3. Arthur born 1854; 4.
Rosamund born
1856. |
Lyell,
Katherine Murray, see Horner. |
Lyell,
Thomas |
|
Naval Officer. Second son of
Charles L [I]. |
[page] 195
|
|
Lynch,
Richard Irwin, 1850-1924. |
|
Botanist. |
1867-1879
|
On staff
at Kew. |
1878 |
L
supplied CD with plants—LLiii 331. See Francis D, J.
Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.),
22:102. |
1879-1919
|
Curator Botanic Garden
Cambridge. |
Lyne,
Mrs, ?-1881. |
|
A villager at Downe who died
suddenly Feb. 16. "They wanted Francis D to see her corpse. He declined
'dirty old woman'". |
"Lythrum
salicaria" |
1864 |
"On the sexual relations of
the three forms of Lythrum salicaria", J. Linn.
Soc. Lond. (Bot.),
8:169-196 (Bii 106, F1731). |
Lytton,
Edward George Earle Bulwer,
Baron
Lytton, see Bulwer. |
[page 196]
M
|
|
"M"
|
|
"Old M", the village blacksmith
in Downe, a
notable drunkard. He was converted by J. W. C. Fegan—EDii 244. |
MacArthur,
James |
|
Fourth son of John M. Brother of
William. Also lived at Camden Park. |
1836
|
Was
in England at the time of CD's visit. |
MacArthur,
John
|
|
Father of Sir William M and
James M. A father founder of
NSW sheep farming. |
MacArthur,
Sir William, 1800-1882. |
|
M was fifth son of John M.
Philip Parker King was a cousin by marriage. Australian sheep farmer
and
horticulturalist of Camden Park, NSW. Amateur botanist. Member of New
South Wales Legislative
Council. DNB. |
1836 |
Jan. CD visited Camden Park. |
1837 |
The house was only finished in
1837. |
1856 |
Kt. |
1857 |
CD dined with M in London. CD to
Gray, "a clever
Australian gardener"—MLii 253. |
Macaulay,
Thomas Babington, 1800-1859. |
|
Historian and
politician. EB DNB. |
circa 1842 |
CD met at Lord
Stanhope's house in London. |
1857 |
1st Baron.
|
Macaw
Cottage, 12 Upper Gower St, London q.v. |
|
So-called by CD from the gaudy
curtains. |
McCormick,
Robert, 1800-1890.
|
|
Also spelt MacCormick, M'Cormick
or
Maccormick. |
|
Surgeon on 2nd voyage
of Beagle. Official naturalist, had trained and "wished to be
employed on
scientific voyages." M was on Erebus and Terror
expedition with J. D. Hooker his junior. |
1832 |
Apr. M returned to England,
ostensibly sick,
but had quarreled with Fitz-Roy and with Wickham—J. J. Keevil, J.
R. Naval
Med. Serv., 29:36-62, 1943; J. W. Gruber, Brit. J. Hist. Sci.,
4:266-282, 1969. FR to Beaufort of M "a
sad
empty headed coxcomb"—Keynes p. 77 |
1832 |
Apr. 25 CD to Caroline
"Maccormick returning
to England, i.e. being disagreable to the Captain and Wickham. He is
no loss"—D and Beagle pp. 64-6 |
1839 |
CD met with Hooker in
Trafalgar Square. |
M'Donnell,
Robert, 1828-1889. |
|
Comparative anatomist
of Dublin. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, "a first rate man".
M had
written to CD about the difficulties of electric organs in evolutionary
theory—LLii 352. |
1861 |
M's observations on homologous
structures in skate and
torpedo published in Nat. Hist. Rev., 57, 1861. |
1865 |
FRS. |
Macgillivray,
William, 1796-1852. |
|
Ornithologist and
fine field naturalist. CD knew him in Edinburgh and later met in
London. DNB. |
1831-1841 |
Conservator of Museum of Royal
College of
Surgeons of Edinburgh. |
1841-1852
|
Prof. Natural History
Aberdeen. |
Mackay,
Mrs |
|
Landlady of 11 Lothian St,
Edinburgh,
who specialized in medical students, Lothian St being near the
University. |
1825-1827
|
1825 Oct.-1827 Apr. CD lodged
there. |
until
1826
|
Erasmus Alvey D lodged
there until he qualified in Summer 1826. |
Mackintosh,
Catherine [I], see Stuart. |
Mackintosh,
Lady [Catherine II], see Allen. |
Mackintosh,
Catherine [III] |
|
Third child of
Sir
James M. and Catherine Stuart. Married 1 Sir William Wiseman.
Married 2 G. H. Turnbull. |
[page] 197
|
|
Mackintosh,
Daniel, 1815-1891. |
|
Geologist. M earned
his living by tuition and lecturing. Biography: Geol.
Mag.,
432, 1891. |
1869 |
Author
of The scenery of England and Wales, London. |
1879 |
CD praises his work under
difficulties and writes to on erratics—LLiii 235, MLii 166, 170. |
Mackintosh,
Elizabeth, 1799-1823. |
|
First child of Sir
James M and Catherine Allen. Unmarried. |
Mackintosh,
Frances, ?-1874. |
|
Known as "Fanny Mack".
|
Mackintosh,
Frances, 1801-1889. |
|
Second child of Sir
James M and Catherine Allen. Known as "Fan"
and "Fanny Hensleigh" by the CDs. |
1832 |
Married Hensleigh Wedgwood. |
1851 |
M was a partisan of Mazzini—EDii
143. |
1878 |
M stayed at Down House, "quite
an invalid". |
Mackintosh,
Sir James, 1765-1832. |
|
Philosopher and
statesman. M was related to the D's through second marriage and some of
the children were family friends. 14 Great Cumberland St and Ampthill
Park. CD, "The best converser I
ever listened to"—Barlow, Autobiography 55. Biography: Robert
M. (son) 1836. DNB EB. |
?
|
?FRS.
|
1789 |
Married 1 Catherine Stuart. 3
daughters: 1. Maitland, 2. Mary,
3. Catherine. |
1798 |
Married 2 Catherine Allen. 1
son, 2 daughters: 1. Elizabeth, 2. Frances,
3. Robert. |
1803 |
Kt. |
1827 |
Sep. CD visited—Journal. |
1832
|
M died from a
chicken bone in his throat. |
Mackintosh,
Maitland |
|
First child of Sir
James M
and Catherine Stuart. Married William Erskine. |
Mackintosh,
Mary [I] |
|
Third child of Sir
James M
and Catherine Stuart. Married Claudius James Rich s.p. |
1831
|
On being widowed M
lived with her twice widowed father. |
1849 |
CD lent her Lyell's Principles
of geology—MLii 125. |
Mackintosh,
Mary [II], see Appleton. |
Mackintosh,
"Molly", see Mary Appleton. |
Mackintosh,
Robert, 1806-1864. |
|
Third child of Sir
James and Catherine Allen. Married Mary Appleton. 2 sons, 1 daughter. |
1836 |
M wrote
biography of his father. |
1846 |
ED called on M
at a cottage near The Grange, Lord Ashburton's house, when CD
went to British Association meeting at Southampton. |
Mackintosh
(M'Intosh), William Carmichael,
1838-1931. |
|
Invertebrate zoologist.
Director of Gatty Marine
Laboratory, St Andrew's University. |
1877 |
FRS. |
1881 |
CD to M "of whose work I have
a very high opinion". CD refused to give a testimonial to M for the
Edinburgh Chair of Natural History, on the grounds that he had already
given one for E. R. Lankester—Carroll 604. |
[page] 198
|
|
Maclaren,
Charles, 1782-1866. |
|
Editor of The
Scotsman. Geologist. DNB. |
1847 |
CD corresponded with M. |
Maclean,
Sir Donald, 1820-1877. |
|
New Zealand
statesman and Maori scholar. |
1850 |
Nov. 23 CD mentions M in
letter to Covington. M then living in Sydney—N&R 19. |
1874 |
KCMG. |
Maclear,
Sir Thomas, 1794-1879. |
|
DNB. |
1831 |
FRS. |
1834-1870
|
Astronomer Royal at Cape of Good
Hope. |
1836
|
Jun. CD met at Cape of Good
Hope—Keynes
p. 365.
|
1860 |
Kt. |
Macleay,
William Sharp, 1792-1865. |
|
Cabinet
naturalist. M invented the quinary system of classification. DNB. |
1839 |
M
emigrated to New South Wales. |
1859 |
CD to Owen, "I have thought that
perhaps my book [namely Origin] might be a case like
Macleay's
Quinarian system" [i.e. laughed at]—FUL 104. |
McNab,
William Ramsay, 1844-1889. |
|
Botanist.
Scientific Superintendent Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin. |
1862 |
CD to J. Scott, "present my
thanks
to Mr. McNab"—MLii 308. |
1863 |
CD to Hooker, Scott was not
happy under
McNab—MLii 319. |
1872-1889
|
Prof. Botany Dublin. |
MacNalty,
Francis Charles,
1846-1914. |
|
MD. Practised at Patterdale,
near Penrith, for 16
years,
later at Winchester. |
1870 |
Qualified Dublin as
physician. |
1880 |
MD. |
1881 |
Jun. CD saw at Glenridding,
diagnosed angina
pectoris with signs of myocardial degeneration. |
1914
|
Died Dublin—Sir
Arthur Salusbury MacNalty, son, 1964 Nursing Mirror Dec. 4. |
Madagascar Squib
|
|
A description of a carnivorous
plant supposed to subsist on human beings. |
1874 |
CD to Gray, "did not
perceive it was a hoax till I came to the woman"—LLiii 325. |
Madonna,
The |
1868 |
Julia Margaret Cameron's pretty
maid, Mary Ryan, who often sat for her. CD and family met her at
Freshwater, Isle of Wight.—EDii 191. |
Maer
Hall, Maer, Staffordshire. |
|
Seven miles from
Etruria and Stoke-on-Trent. Home of Josiah Wedgwood [II]. CD was a
frequent visitor
there in his youth especially for the shooting in partridge season,
and, after his return
from Beagle voyage, for his courting. "The happiest of all
Wedgwood
houses"—W&W p. 246. Description in W&W. |
|
Parkfields was a cottage with
about 100
acres which he added to the estate, borrowing from Robert Darwin.
|
1802 |
Bought for £30,000. |
1807 |
Moved in. |
1808
|
ED born there. |
1814 |
Jos
thought of selling it because he was then having to live at Etruria. |
1816 |
He was back at Maer. |
1839
|
ED married at St Peter's church
from there. |
1846 |
Left, on death of his wife
Bessy Allen. |
1847 |
Sold. |
Magendie,
François, 1783-1855. |
|
Physiologist. |
1831-1855 |
Prof.
Medicine Collège de France. |
1881 |
Apr. 22 CD in letter to The
Times refers to the cruelty of his experiments "some half a
century ago". |
Maguire,
Thomas Herbert, 1821-1895. |
|
Irish
lithographer. |
1849 |
Portrait of CD drawn and put on
stone by M, printed
by M. & N. Hanhart. The only engraving in CD's lifetime. One of the
Ipswich British Association portraits q.v. |
Magyar
Tudományos Akadémia
|
1872 |
CD Member. |
Mahon,
Viscount, see Stanhope, Philip
Henry, 5th Earl of. |
Maitland,
Florence Henrietta, see Fisher. |
Maitland,
Frederic William, 1850-1906.
|
|
DNB. |
1886 |
Married Florence Henrietta
Fisher. |
1888-1906 |
Downing Prof. Laws of England
Cambridge. |
1902 |
FBA. |
[page] 199
|
|
Malden,
Bingham Sibthorpe, 1830-1906. |
|
Anglican
clergyman and botanist. |
1861 |
CD to M on orchids and
insects—Carroll
254. |
1862 |
M is acknowledged in Orchids. |
Maldonado,
Uraguay. |
1832 |
Jul.-Oct. CD stayed at. He
used the mouth of La Plata River as base for inland expeditions. |
Malin,
Harriet, 1790-1825, see Darwin. |
|
CCD spells "Maling".
|
Malin,
Thomas James,
1778-1869. |
|
Naval Officer. CCD spells
"Maling". |
1841
|
Vice Admiral. |
1881 |
Married Harriet
Darwin d.s.p. |
Malthus,
Rev. Thomas Robert, 1766-1834. |
|
M's statements on the
geometrical increase in population and its
relation to the availability of resources were extremely important in
CD's formulation of the idea of natural selection. EB DNB. |
1805-1834
|
Prof. Modern
History and Political Economy, East India Company College Haileybury. |
1819
|
FRS.
|
1838 |
Sep. 13 CD started to read An
essay on the
principle of population, 1798, in the enlarged edition of 1803. |
Malvern
Wells, Herefordshire and Worcestershire. |
|
A
spa town where Dr J. M. Gully had his water cure
establishment at The Lodge. |
1848 |
Summer. CD stayed for "some
months"—LLi
81. |
1849 |
Mar. 10-Jun. 30 CD again had
water cure there. |
1849 |
Sep. CD
visited for day from British Association meeting at Birmingham. |
1850
|
Jun. 11-18. |
1851 |
Anne Elizabeth D, suffering from
a fever, with Henrietta Emma D arrived
there. Miss Thorley governess arrived a few days later.
|
|
Apr. 17 CD
arrived.
|
|
Apr. 23 Anne died—EDii 132. |
1863 |
Sep.-Oct. CD took a house
for whole family—EDii 180. |
Manchester,
Lancashire. |
1845 |
Sep. CD visited W.
Herbert, then Dean of the Cathedral. |
Manchester
Literary and Philosophical Society |
1868 |
CD
Honorary Member. |
Mansell, Henry
Longueville, 1820-1871. |
|
Anglican
clergyman and metaphysician. |
1855- |
Fellow of Magdalen College
Oxford. |
1861 |
CD sent him Gray's Natural
selection not inconsistent with natural theology—Darwin-Gray 76. |
1868-1871
|
Dean of St Paul's Cathedral,
London. |
Mantell,
Gideon Algernon, 1790-1852. |
|
Surgeon and geologist
of Lewes, Sussex and Clapham. Father of W. B. D. M. Describer of Iguanodon
and other dinosaurs. M disliked Owen
as
much as CD did. 1927 biography Spokes. 1940 Ms Journal ed.
E. C. Curwen. |
1825 |
FRS |
1848 |
Feb. 2 CD
listened
to on NZ fossil birds at Geol.Soc., also met at RS committees. |
Mantell,
Walter Baldock Durrant,
1820-1895. |
|
Naturalist, son of
G. A. M. CD letters to M at Turnbull Library, Wellington. |
1840 |
Went to NZ. |
Manual
of Scientific
Enquiry |
1849 |
CD's article on
geology is Section VI in A manual of scientific enquiry; prepared
for the use of Her Majesty's Navy: and adapted for travellers in general,
edited by Sir John F. W. Herschel Bart, CD's
article 156-195. |
|
Early copies have a serious
transposition of text
178-190 (F325). |
|
Later copies are corrected
(F326). |
|
CD's own copy,
at Cambridge, has the
correct section inserted in a pocket in back cover. |
1861 |
2nd edition
(F328). |
1859 |
3rd edition, superintended by R.
Main (F329). |
1871 |
4th edition, revised by J.
Phillips (F331). |
1886 |
5th edition edited by Sir
Robert S. Ball (F333).
|
|
CD's article alone occurs as a
pamphlet: |
1849 |
1st
edition (F327). |
1859 |
3rd edition (F330). |
1871 |
4th edition (F332). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1860 |
CD's article only, Russian
(F336). |
1860 |
Whole
book, Russian (F337). |
[page] 200
|
|
"Manures
and Steeping Seed" |
1844 |
Manures and steeping
seed, Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 37:621 (Bi 196, F1666). |
Marchant,
Rev. Sir James, 1867-1956. |
|
Religious
writer. |
1915 |
Editor, Alfred Russel
Wallace, London,
which prints the whole of the Darwin-Wallace correspondence. |
1921 |
KBE.
|
Marindin,
Samuel, 1807-1852. |
|
Captain, Life
Guards. M was at Shrewsbury School
and Cambridge with CD. |
1821-25 |
At Shrewsbury School. |
1829 |
Trinity
College Cambridge BA. |
1834 |
Married Isabella Colville of
Ochiltree and
Craigflower, Ayrshire. |
1834 |
M is mentioned in letter to
Whitley—LLi 256. |
1835 |
Rector of Penselwood, Somerset. |
Mark,
see Briggs.
|
Marsh
|
|
A carrier,
London-Cambridge—Darwin-Henslow
123. |
Marsh,
Othniel Charles, 1831-1899. |
|
American
palaeontologist. |
1866- |
Prof. Vertebrate Palaeontology
Yale, where his
uncle George Peabody endowed the Peabody Museum. |
1880 |
CD thanks M for
sending a copy of Odontornithes, 1880—LLiii241. |
Marshall,
William, 1815-1890. |
|
Solicitor and
botanist of Ely.
|
1852 |
M wrote a pamphlet on spread of Anacharis
alsinastrum, London, reprinted from Cambridge Independent
Press. CD had corresponded with—MLi 149, Darwin-Henslow 203. |
1860 |
CD to Henslow, about spread of Elodea
canadensis. |
1875 |
M provided information on Pinguicula
in Cumberland for Insectivorous
Plants. |
circa
1875 |
CD to M on oak trees—Carroll
459. |
Marshall,
William Cecil, 1849-? |
|
Architect. Cambridge
friend of CD's sons. |
|
1876 CD to M, on adding billiard
room at Down
House—Carroll 499-501, Atkins 28. |
Martens, Conrad,
1801-1878. |
|
Draughtsman of 2nd voyage
of Beagle. M replaced Augustus Earle at Montevideo. Later a
distinguished landscape painter in Australia. Later librarian,
Legislative
Council NSW. "A pupil of C. Fielding
and excellent landscape drawer", "Our little painter"—Barlow, Charles
Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle, 95, 108. Self portrait in
Moorhead, Darwin and the Beagle, 134. |
1833 |
Early Dec. at Montevideo. |
1834 |
Aug. Valparaiso. |
1836 |
CD bought two pictures from him:
Jan. 17 Ponsonby Sound, really Beagle
in Beagle Channel, Jan. 21 Santa Cruz river, for 3 guineas each at
Sydney. CD "It is
necessary to leave our little painter, Martens, to wander the
world—Biography,
Lindsay, Sydney, rev. ed. 1968. Keynes list of works and many
illustrated. The two pictures above are Nos 150 and 193. |
1837 |
Married Jane Brackenbury Carter.
2 daughters. |
1862 |
CD was sent a third picture.
|
Martial,
Mr |
|
Surgeon on a whaling ship. M
gave CD
information on races of human lice—Descent i 219, where he is not
named. "Worthless and slightly educated"—Carroll 45. |
[page] 201
|
|
Martha |
|
Sister of Mrs Morrey. |
until
1856 |
Servant to
Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood at Petley's, Downe, until the latter's death
1856. |
Martin,
John Royle |
1871 |
CD to R, asking for ten
shares in Artisan's Dwelling Company for £100—Carroll 403. |
Martin,
Septimus |
|
Son of the Rector of an
adjoining
parish to Downe. |
1853 |
M dined at Down House. M had
emigrated to
Melbourne before this and was visiting—N&R 22. |
Martineau,
Harriet, 1802-1876. |
|
Feminist and
author. CD's father Robert did not like her—EDi
776. EB DNB. |
1831 |
CD met M at Hensleigh Wedgwood's
in London, "She is so
happy, good-humoured and conceited that she will not much mind what
people say of her"—EDi 257. |
1841 |
Erasmus Alvey D tried to help
her when
she was ill and poor—EDii 58. |
Martineau,
James, 1805-1900. |
|
Brother of Harriet.
Nonconformist minister. Unitarian pastor. |
1857-1869 |
Prof. Philosophy Manchester New
College London. |
1859-1873 |
CD went to Little Portland St
chapel to hear him preach—R. V. Holt 1938 p. 344. |
1869-1885 |
Principal—IJ. |
1861 |
CD sent M Gray's Natural
selection not inconsistent with
natural theology,—Darwin-Gray 76. |
Marx,
Heinrich Karl, 1818-1883. |
|
German communist. CD never met,
and some doubt has been
thrown on the authenticity of M's letters to CD, see L. S.
Feuer, Ann. Sci., 32:1-12. See also E. B.
Aveling. |
from
1848 |
Living in London. |
1873 |
Copy of 2nd edition of Das
Kapital, Vol. 1, 1873, inscribed to CD "On the part of his sincere
admirer" is at Down House. |
Maryanne |
1877 |
Nurse to Bernard Richard Meirion
D at
Down House. Also known as "Nanna". |
Mason, P. B.,
1842-1903. |
|
Of Burton-on-Trent. Newsletter
Geological Curators Group
I No. 7: 324, 328-30, 1976. |
1871 |
CD to M,
thanking for information about growth of hair on human back. |
Massingberd,
Charlotte Mildred, 1868-1940. |
|
Granddaughter of Charles
Langton. Known as Mildred. Took the name "Massingberd" as had her
mother E. C. M. CD's
daughter-in-law. "She had a lively seriousness...she
was charming to
look at, with a great air of breeding and, I imagine, took more pains
over her clothes than she would have confessed"—Bernard D p. 51. |
1890 |
Nov. M was ED's companion "or
lady-in-waiting as we sometimes called it"—Period Piece. |
1900 |
Married as second wife Leonard
D. |
Massingberd,
Emily Caroline |
|
Elder daughter of Charles
Langton M and niece and coheir of Algernon Langton M. Known
as "Lena". |
1867 |
Married Edmund Langton. |
1875 |
Widowed. |
1887 |
May 20 she assumed the name and
arms of "Massingberd" by Royal Licence—Burke p. 11. |
Massingberd,
"Lena", see Emily Caroline M. |
Massingberd,
Mildred, see Charlotte
Mildred M. |
|
Massingberd, The M problem is
solved in Burke p. 11; Emily Caroline
Langton Massingberd married Edmund Langton; she was elder daughter of;
1875 her
husband
died; ;
her daughter Charlotte Mildred too the name also; she married Leonard D
in
1900, as second wife; |
Masters,
Maxwell Tylden, 1833-1907. |
|
Son of William M. Plant
teratologist. |
1860 |
CD to about evolution,
mentioning that he had written to his father who
was ill—MLi 147. |
1860 |
CD to M, on papilionaceous
flowers—MLii 256. |
?1860 |
CD to M, about peloric flowers
and referring to M's father's
plant breeding—N&R 76. |
1862 |
CD to M, about M's approval of Origin. |
1865- |
Editor Gardeners' Chronicle. |
1869 |
Plant Teratology, Ray
Society, London. |
1870 |
FRS. |
[page] 202
|
|
Masters,
William, 1796-1874. |
|
Nurseryman. Father of
Maxwell Tylden M. Friendly correspondent of CD. |
Matheson
|
|
ED's personal maid, when ED was
a widow. |
Matthew,
Henry, 1807-1861. |
|
Cambridge friend of CD. He was
ill and paralysed for 20 years.
CD lent or gave him money. |
1830 |
President of
the Cambridge Union. |
1837 |
After some impoverished years in
London, priest. |
1843-1861 |
Rector
of Eversholt, Bedfordshire. |
Matthew,
Patrick, 1790-1874. |
|
Author on political and
agricultural subjects. Of Gourdiehill, Errol, Scotland. His
surname is sometimes misspelt "Mathew" or "Matthews". One of CD's
predecessors in the idea of natural selection. Biography
W. J. Dempster 1983. |
1831,
1839
|
The main statement is in
an appendix to his Naval timber and arboriculture, London
1831, and there are further remarks in Emigration fields,
London 1839. |
1860 |
M drew attention to his priority
in Gardeners'
Chronicle, Apr. 7, with an extract from Naval timber,
and
reinforced it in Saturday Analyst and Leader, Nov. 24. CD's
reply to first paper is in Gardeners' Chronicle, Apr.
21:362-363. |
1864 |
In his pamphlet Schleswig-Holstein
he
puts on title page "Solver of the species problem". |
1865 |
CD to Hooker, about W. C.
Wells's work, "So poor old Patrick
Matthew is not the first, and he cannot, or ought not to put on his
title pages 'Discoverer of the principle of Natural Selection'"—LLiii
41. ?No copies of M's books known with this on title pages. |
1912 |
Miss
Euphemia M, daughter, visited W. T. Calman at British Museum (Natural
History) with copies of CD-M correspondence. Copies are in the Museum. See
Calman, J. Bot. Brit. foreign, 192-194, with portrait of M.
De
Beer prints the letters—N&R 39-43. |
Matthews,
Mary Anne
|
|
Married Lawrence Ruck. Mother
of Amy Richenda Ruck. Mother-in-law of Francis D. Francis D's book The
story of a childhood
contains extracts from letters addressed to M about Bernard R. M. D's
youth. Known to Bernard as Nain, North Welsh for grandmother. Home
Pantlludw, Merioneth, picture of it—Bernard D p. 24. |
1890 |
Was visiting ED in
Cambridge "once a year" in 1890. She taught ED solo whist. |
|
Died in her late eighties.
|
Matthews,
Richard, 1811-1893. |
|
Missionary from Church
Missionary
Society to Fuegians. Carried there on 2nd voyage of Beagle. A
young catechist rather than a
qualified missionary, also a seaman. He became an Able Seaman after the
rescue. 1893
obit. N. Z. Herald Suppl. Feb. 24. |
1834 |
Jan. 23 M landed at Woollya. |
|
Feb. 6 M was taken off again
because
his life was in danger. "No companion could be found in time". |
|
Finally landed at New Zealand
where his brother
was a missionary—J. Researches, 1845, 207. |
|
Married Johanna Sara
Blomfield. 5 daughters. |
1839 |
Farmed 3,000 acres at Te Kumi,
North Is, NZ. |
1893 |
Died Auckland.
|
[page] 203
|
|
Maull
& Fox, see Maull
& Polyblank. |
Maull
& Polyblank |
|
Commercial photographers of
London. Later Maull & Fox. |
circa
1854 |
Photographed CD at Down House. |
|
Usual versions are: |
a. |
Seated. Check waistcoat and
trousers, profile. |
b. |
Seated. Dark embroidery
waistcoat, dark trousers, full face. |
Maurice,
John Frederick Denison, 1805-1872. |
|
Anglican
clergyman and educationalist. M was a friend
of Litchfield. EB DNB. |
1840- |
Prof. English History and
Literature
King's College London. |
1846 |
Divinity added, later dismissed
for
heterodoxy. |
1863 |
Kingsley to M, on success of Origin—LLiii
2. |
1866-1872 |
Prof. Moral Philosophy
Cambridge. |
Mauritius,
Indian Ocean. |
1836 |
Apr. 29-May 9 Beagle
at Port Louis. CD made several inland trips including one to Captain
J. A. Lloyd's house May 4. CD returned part of the way on an elephant,
the only one in the island. |
Maw,
George, 1832-1912. |
|
Geologist and botanist. Of
Benthall Hall. M provided Drosophyllum
for Insectivorous plants. |
1861 |
Jul. M reviewed Origin
in Zoologist. CD
to Lyell, "evidently a thoughtful man"—LLii 376. |
May,
Jonathan, 1800-? |
|
Petty Officer. Carpenter on 2nd
voyage of Beagle. Boat builder, built several and maintained
all Beagle's boats. |
Mayor,
Mrs |
1882 |
Jan. Headmistress of Greville
House
School, Paddington, London, where ED was for a year. |
Mays,
J. Aldous |
1862 |
M took shorthand notes
of
Huxley's six lectures to working men, delivered at the Museum of
Practical Geology, Jermyn St, London. These were used for the six blue
pamphlets, issued at 4d each. |
1863 |
They were published as a book, On
our knowledge of the causes of organic nature, London; the spine
title was On the origin of species. |
Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftliche
Gesellschaft zu Jena |
1878 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Medico-Chirurgical
Society, London. |
1868 |
CD Honorary
Member. |
Meehan, Thomas,
1826-1901. |
|
American botanist. |
1874 |
CD to M, about colours of
diœcious flowers—MLi 354. |
Meldola,
Raphael, 1849-1915. |
|
Entomologist. Prof. Chemistry
Finsbury Technical College, London. WWH. |
1873 |
CD to M, about
saltations—MLi 350. |
1882 |
M translated F. L. A. Weismann, Studien
zur Descendenz-Theorie, Leipzig 1875-1876, as Studies in the
theory of descent, London, with prefatory note by CD, v-vi
(F1414). |
1886 |
FRS. |
1896 |
CD's letters with M in E. B.
Poulton, Charles Darwin
and the theory of natural selection, London, 199f. |
Mellersh,
Arthur, 1811-?1895. |
|
Volunteer 1st class on first
voyage of Beagle. |
1832
|
Apr. Midshipman/Mate's warrant
on second
voyage of Beagle. |
1878 |
Vice-Admiral. |
[page] 204
|
|
Melastomaceae
|
|
This group of flowering plants
has,
in some species, two forms of stigmata. |
1862-1881
|
CD worked on them,
but never published his results. MLii 292-302 summarizes his work. |
Memorial
to the Chancellor of the Exchequer |
1866 |
Memorial
to the Chancellor of the Exchequer [on transfer of natural history
section of British Museum to South Kensington], May 14, signed by CD
and twenty-four others (F869). The Chancellor was Benjamin Disraeli. |
1873 |
[Letter from P. L. Sclater
containing the text], Nature,
Lond., 9:41 (F370). |
Mendel,
Johann Gregor, 1822-1884. |
|
Johann was his
baptismal name, Gregor was taken with his monk's vows.
Augustinian monk
at Brno, Moravia. |
1865-1900
|
CD had never heard of M and,
although his famous paper on inheritance in peas, "Versuche über
Pflanzenhybriden", Verh. Naturforsch. Verein Brünn, 4, was
available at the Royal Society and at the Entomological Society, it was
ignored until 1900. |
1868- |
Abbot. |
Mendoza,
Argentine. |
1835 |
Mar. 27 CD visited from
Valparaiso, crossing the Andes by the southern, Portillo, pass. |
|
Mar. 29
returned by northern, Uspallata or Aconcagua, pass, crossing the Incas'
bridge on Apr. 4. |
Mental
Evolution in Animals |
1883 |
G. J. Romanes, Mental
evolution in animals, London, contains posthumous Essay on
instinct by CD, q.v. |
Meteyard,
Miss Elizabeth, 1816-1879. |
|
Daughter of a surgeon to
Shropshire Militia. Spent her early years in Shrewsbury—Woodall p. 1.
Biographer of
the Wedgwoods. |
1871 |
A group of Englishmen
(1795-1815) being
records of the younger Wedgwoods and their friends, London, is an
important sourcebook, including information about CD's mother and of
Darwins and Allens. |
Miall,
Louis Compton, 1842-1921. |
|
Zoologist. WWH. |
1876-1907 |
Prof. Zoology Leeds. |
1883 |
The life and works of
Charles Darwin; a lecture delivered to the Leeds Philosophical and
Literary Society on February 6th, 1883, Leeds, the first biography
after the obituaries. |
1892 |
FRS. |
Microscopes
|
|
The microscope now in the old
study at Down House is a portable in original case, by Cary, London.
|
1863 |
CD to I. A. Henry, "I have, as
yet, found no exception to the rule, that when a man has told me he
works with the compound alone his work is valueless". "Experience,
however, has fully convinced me that the use of the compound without
the simple microscope is absolutely injurious to progress of N[atural]
History (excepting, of course, with Infusoria)"—MLii 299. |
[page] 205
|
|
Midhurst,
Sussex. |
1876 |
Jun. 7-9 CD visited Sir
John Hawkshaw there. |
Mill,
John Stuart, 1806-1873. |
|
Philosopher. EB DNB. |
1823-1858
|
In
service of East India Company, until dissolution. |
1861 |
H. Fawcett to CD, "He considers
that your
reasoning throughout is in the most exact accordance with the strict
principles of logic. He also says that the method of investigation
which you have followed is the only one proper to such a subject"—MLi
189. |
1865-1868 |
Whig MP for Westminster. |
Miller,
Hugh, 1802-1859. |
|
Geologist, stonemason and
author. CD never knew this remarkable
man, but he borrowed Lady
Lyell's copy of Footsteps of the Creator, 1849, and then
bought one himself—MLii 125. |
Miller,
William Hallowes, 1801-1880. |
|
Mineralogist. DNB. |
1832-1870 |
Prof. Mineralogy Cambridge. |
1836 |
M helped CD with
examination of rocks from Beagle voyage. |
1838 |
FRS. |
1859 |
M and CD
corresponded on structure of cells of honeybee comb—MLi 121, Carroll
189. |
Milman,
Henry Hart, 1791-1868. |
|
Anglican clergyman
and author. Dean of St Paul's Cathedral, London. DNB. |
circa
1842 |
CD met Sydney
Smith at M's house in London—LLi 75. |
Milne
Edwards, Henri, see Henry Milne
Edwards. |
Milne,
David, afterwards "Milne-Hume", 1805-1890. |
|
Geologist and mineralogist. DNB.
|
1847 |
M was against CD's
interpretation of
Glen Roy, and a frequent correspondent—MLii 177. Trans.
Roy. Soc. Edinb., 16:395, 1849. |
Milner, Sir
William, Bart |
|
Of Nunappleton,
Tadcaster, Yorkshire. |
1859 |
M to CD, on nuts which he had
found in young
petrels' crops at St Kilda—LLii 147. |
Milnes,
Richard Monckton, 1809-1885. |
|
Politician. In youth M was a
member of Cambridge
Apostles Debating Society. Known by Sydney Smith as "the cool of the
evening"—EDii 114, 121. DNB. |
late 1830s |
CD met at Lord
Stanhope's house. |
1863 |
1st Baron
Houghton. |
"Mim"
|
|
With "Abbety" and "Boo" were
Bernard
Richard
Meirion D's nicknames in infancy for members of family. None is ED. |
"Minerva"
|
|
Nickname for Athenaeum Club,
London, from
bust on top of facade. |
1838 |
CD "I did not even taste
Minerva's small
beer today"—LLi 295. |
Missionaries
|
1836 |
CD and Fitz-Roy, "On the
whole...we are very much satisfied that they thoroughly deserve the
warmest
support, not only of individuals, but of the British Government"—S.
Afr. Christian
Recorder, 2:238. See also "Moral state of Tahiti". |
Mitten,
Annie, 1846-1914.
|
|
Youngest
daughter of William
and Elizabeth M. |
1866
|
Married Alfred Russel Wallace. 2
sons, 1 daughter.
|
Mitten,
Elizabeth |
|
Mother of Annie.
|
Mitten,
William |
|
Of Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. A
pharmacist
interested in mosses. Father of Annie.
|
[page] 206
|
|
Mivart,
St George Jackson, 1827-1900. |
|
Barrister and
biologist. Lecturer in Biology, St Mary's Roman
Catholic College, Kensington. Roman Catholic anti-Darwinian. Biography:
J. Gruber 1960. DNB. |
1869 |
FRS. |
1871 |
The genesis of species,
London. |
1871 |
CD to Wallace, "but he was
stimulated by theological
fervour"—LLiii 135. |
1871 |
CD to Chauncey Wright, "I
conclude with sorrow
that though he means to be honourable, he is so bigoted that he cannot
act fairly"—LLiii 135. |
1900 |
Excommunicated. |
|
M's other evolutionary works: |
1873 |
Apes and
men, an exposition of structural resemblances bearing upon questions of
affinity and origin, London. |
1876 |
Contemporary evolution; an
essay on some recent social changes, London.
|
1882 |
Nature and
thought, London. |
Moffatt,
or Moffat |
1858-1878 |
Liveried footman at Down House. |
Moggridge,
John Traherne, 1842-1874. |
|
Naturalist. M
was tubercular and lived in South of France. M sent orchis Neotina
intacta
to
CD—Allan. |
1865 |
CD to M, about fertilisation
of bee orchis—LLiii 276. |
1871 |
CD to M, about habits of ants
and about orchids—Carroll
399. |
1872 |
CD to M, about trap-door
spiders—MLi 337. |
1874 |
CD describes M
as "One of our most promising young naturalists"—Nature,
Lond., 11:114. |
1873 |
Author of Harvesting ants
and trap-door spiders,
London 1873[-1874], which rediscovered the habits of Atta,
described in Proverbs vi. 6. |
Mojsisovics
von Mojsvár, Johann August Georg Edmund,
1839-1907. |
|
Hungarian geologist.
Vice-Director Imperial Geological
Institute, Vienna. |
[1878-]1879 |
M sent CD his Die
Dolomit-Riffe von
Südtirol und Venetien, [1878-]1879, Vienna. CD replied praising
it. |
Molly |
|
Nurse to ED and her brothers and
sisters at
Maer Hall. |
"Mone",
see Marianne Clapham. |
Monk
|
1874 |
CD to Newton, about crossing in
wagtails
mentions M—FUL 99. Not traced. |
"Monkeys"
|
1876 |
"Sexual selection in relation to
monkeys", Nature, Lond., 15:18-19 (Bii 207, F1773), reprinted
in Descent of man, 12th thousand 1877 onwards. |
Monro,
Alexander, 3rd of the name, 1773-1859. |
|
Anatomist. Prof Anatomy
Edinburgh, in succession to his father and
grandfather. M is said to have lectured from his grandfather's notes.
DNB. |
1826 |
CD to sister Caroline Sarah, "I
dislike him and his lectures so
much, that I cannot speak with decency about them"—MLi 7. "Made his
lectures on human anatomy as dull as he was himself, and the subject
disgusted me"—Barlow, Autobiography 47. |
[page] 207
|
|
Monsell,
Elinor Mary,
1878-1954. |
|
CD's granddaughter-in-law.
Memorial in Downe churchyard. |
1906 |
Married Bernard Richard Meirion
D. |
Montague
|
1862 |
CD to Innes, "They [the
John
Lubbocks] gave us a good account of poor Montague"—Darwin-Innes 212.
Not traced. |
Monteagle,
Baron, see Thomas Spring Rice. |
Monte
Video, Uraguay. |
1832-1833
|
1832 Ju1. 26 CD took several
inland trips from here and from Buenos Aires when Beagle was
based on La Plata river, until 1833 Dec. 6 when Beagle left
for Patagonia. |
Montgomery,
Wales. |
1822 |
Jul. CD visited for holiday
with sister Susan Elizabeth. |
Moor
Park, near Farnham, Surrey. |
|
A water cure
establishment, run by E. W. Lane, which CD visited often.
|
17th
century |
M was home
of Sir William Temple and Esther Johnson, Swift's "Stella". |
1859 |
"Dr.
Lane's delightful hydropathic establishment"—LLi 85. |
Moore,
Aubrey Lackington, 1848-1890. |
|
Anglican
clergyman. "The clergyman who more than any
other man was
responsible for breaking down the antagonism towards evolution then
widely felt in the English Church"—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin,
11. DNB. |
1876-1881
|
Rector of Frenchay, Bristol. |
1881- |
Fellow of Keble
College Oxford. |
Moore,
David, né Muir, 1807-1879. |
|
Botanist. M provided Drosophyllum
for Insectivorous plants, and gave information on Pinguicula.
|
1838-1879
|
Director
of Glasnevin Botanical Gardens Dublin. |
1981
|
CD letters to on insectivorous
plants and on potatoes—Biol. J. Linn.
Soc. 15:157-64.
|
Moore, Sir
Norman, Bart, 1847-1922. |
|
Physician and
antiquary. Of St Bartholomew's Hospital. DNB. |
|
M
attended CD in his last illness. Atkins says that CD had no confidence
in him—Atkins 38. "He [CD] once remarked to Dr. Norman Moore that one
of the things that made him wish to live a few thousand years, was his
desire to see the extinction of the Bee-orchis"—LLiii 276. |
1882 |
M was
on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1919 |
1st Bart. |
"Moral state of
Tahiti, New Zealand &c." |
1836 |
"A
letter, containing remarks on the moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand
&c.", S.
Afr.
Christian Recorder, 2:221-238, by Robert Fitz-Roy and CD (Bi 19,
F1640). CD's contributions are suffixed "D". CD's first publication
except for beetle records in Stephens. |
[page] 208
|
|
More,
Alexander Goodman, 1830-1895. |
|
Botanist. M lived in
Isle of Wight. |
1860 |
M helped CD with orchid
work—MLii 263. |
1867-1880
|
Assistant Dublin Natural History
Museum. |
1881 |
Curator of Botany. |
More
letters |
1903 |
Francis Darwin and A. C. Seward
editors, More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a
series of hitherto unpublished letters, 2 vols, London (F1548). |
1972 |
Facsimile (F1550). |
|
Foreign editions: |
1903 |
USA (F1549). |
1959 |
Russian,
autobiographical fragment and account of Down House only (F1551). |
Moresby,
Sir Fairfax, 1786-1877. |
|
Naval Officer. DNB. |
1845 |
"Captain Moresby
informs me about turtles, also about Chagos, Maldives and Seychelles"—J.
Researches, 459. |
1865 |
GCB. |
1870 |
Admiral of the Fleet. |
Moresby,
Captain Robert,
Officer in the Indian Navy who carried out surveys in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. |
Morley,
John, Viscount, 1838-1923. |
|
Statesman and
man of letters. EB DNB. |
1871 |
M reviewed Descent in Pall
Mall Gazette Mar.
20
CD wrote to anonymous reviewer. |
1876 |
M visited Down House with
Gladstone, Huxley and Playfair, whilst staying at High Elms. |
1902 |
OM. |
1908 |
Viscount Morley of
Blackburn. |
Morrey, Mrs
|
|
Sister of Martha,
the housemaid. |
until 1856
|
Cook to Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood
[I] at
Petley's, Downe, until Miss W's death 1856.
|
Morris, Francis
Orpen, 1810-1893. |
|
Anglican clergyman
and naturalist. M seems never to have been mentioned by CD. |
|
This good field naturalist was
stridently
anti-evolution, in a series of pamphlets: |
1869 |
The difficulties of
darwinism, London. |
[1870] |
A double dilemma in darwinism,
London. |
1875 |
All the articles of the
Darwin faith, London. |
1880 |
The Darwin craze,
London. |
[1890] |
The cui bono of
hereditism, London. |
[1890] |
The demands of darwinism on
credulity, London. |
Morse,
Edward Sylvester, 1838-1925. |
|
American
zoologist and Japanophile. |
1873? |
CD to M on supposed relation of
brachiopods to annelids—Proc.
Boston. Nat. Hist. Soc.,
15; Proc. Amer. Soc. Adv. Sci., 19:272, 1870; Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist.,
6:267, 1870—MLi 350. |
1877 |
CD to M, on his Presidential
Address to
American Association for the Advancement of Science, on the advance of
evolutionary work in USA, published in Proc.
Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 25, 1876—LLiii 233. |
1880- |
Director Peabody Museum Salem. |
[page] 209
|
|
Moscheles,
Ignaz, 1794-1870. |
|
Czech pianist. Taught ED the
piano. ED misspelt "Maschelas". |
Moseley,
Henry Nottidge, 1844-1891. |
|
Zoologist. |
1872-1876 |
Naturalist
on Challenger. |
1877 |
FRS. |
1879 |
CD to M, about M's book Notes
of a
naturalist on the "Challenger", London 1879, which is dedicated to
CD. |
1881- |
Prof. Zoology and Comparative
Anatomy Oxford. |
Mosley,
Frances, ?-1874. |
|
Daughter of John Peploe
M. Known as "Fanny Frank". "Blonde and beautiful and
frivolous"—W&W p. 217. |
1832 |
Married Francis Wedgwood. |
|
A sociable woman
who was bored and lonely in Staffordshire. Later in life drank wine to
calm her nerves. Very fat and neurotic in middle age.
|
1874
|
Died from setting
her nightdress on fire in an hotel in Guernsey. |
Mosley,
Rev. John Peploe
|
|
Rector of Rolleston,
Staffordshire. Father of Frances M. |
Motley,
John Lathrop, 1814-1877. |
|
American historian. EB. |
1840's |
CD met M at Lord
Stanhope's house. |
1856 |
Author of History
of the Dutch Republic. |
Mould
|
1838 |
"On the formation of mould", Proc.
Geol.
Soc., 2:574-576 (Bi 49, F1648). |
1840 |
"On the formation of mould", Trans.
Geol.
Soc.,
5:505-509 (F1655). |
1844 |
"On the origin of mould", Gardeners'
Chronicle,
No. 14:218 (Bi 195, F1665). |
1869 |
"The formation of mould by
worms", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 20:500 (Bi195, F1745). |
1881 |
The formation of
vegetable mould through the action of worms, see Vegetable mould and
worms. |
Mount, The,
Parish of St Chad, Shrewsbury,
Shropshire. |
|
Home of Dr Robert
Waring D [II]. |
circa 1800 |
Built by him. Late Georgian, red
brick, 5 bays and 2½ storeys, quite plain,
deep Tuscan porch. Lower wings of different length and height, that on
the left of four bays, one-storeyed with windows in blank
arches—Pevsner, Buildings of England, Shropshire, 289, 1958.
South face looks down Frankwell which comes up from Welsh bridge. North
face
looks down steeply over the river Severn. Photographs of south face and
view from terrace of north face in Keith, Darwin revalued,
46,
1955. |
1809
|
CD was born there. |
until
1866
|
After CD's father's death, Susan
Elizabeth D
lived there until her death 1866. |
1869 |
CD visited, then owned by
Spencer Phillips—LLi 11. |
Mountford,
Horace |
|
Sculptor. |
?1909 |
M carved statue
of CD in stone, seated, outside old school Shrewsbury, now public
library, also a plaster cast for it. The usual photograph of the
school statue is by W. W. Naunton. |
1905
|
There is also a bust. |
1909
|
And a
statuette copy in bronze of which copies were available for sale in
1909. |
|
M also made a medallion in
bronze. |
"Movements
of Leaves" |
1881 |
"The movements of leaves", Nature,
Lond.,
23:603-604, observations on a ms letter from Fritz Müller (Bii 228,
F1794). |
"Movements
of Plants" |
1881 |
"Movements of plants", Nature,
Lond., 23:409, observations on a ms letter from Fritz Müller (Bii 224,
F1791). See also Power of movement
in plants.
|
[page] 210
|
|
Mowatt,
Jane |
|
Daughter of Francis Mowatt. |
1865 |
Married Vernon
Lushington. |
Moxon,
Walter, 1836-1886. |
|
Physician of Guy's
Hospital. |
1882 |
Apr. 19 M was sent for to Down
House, but CD was dying
when he arrived. M was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's
funeral. |
Müller,
Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von, 1825-1896. |
|
Botanist of German origin. |
1852-1896 |
Government Botanist of
Victoria, Australia. |
1861 |
FRS. |
1861 |
M answered CD's Queries
about expression. |
1871 |
Baron of Würtenberg. |
1879 |
KCMG. |
Müller,
Friedrich Max, 1823-1900. |
|
German philologist
living in England. Privy Councillor. Curator of Bodley's Library.
Friendly correspondent
with CD—LLii 390, MLii 45. DNB. |
1868- |
Corpus Prof. Comparative
Philology Oxford. |
Müller,
Fritz, see Johann Friederich
Theodor M. |
Müller,
Heinrich Ludwig Hermann, 1829-1883. |
|
Botanist. Younger brother of
Fritz M. |
1855- |
Science teacher at Lippstadt. |
1872 |
CD sent M ms of "On
the flight paths of male humble bees", which was translated by E.
Krause
as "Über die Wege der Hummel-Männchen", Gesammelte kleinere
Schriften von Charles Darwin, 1885-1886. |
1873 |
Author of Die
Befruchtung der Blumen, Leipzig. |
1883 |
Die
Befruchtung der Blumen translated by D'A. W.
Thompson, The fertilisation of flowers, 1883, with prefatory
note by CD (F1432). |
1872 |
Anwendung der Darwinischen
Lehre auf Bienen,
Berlin. |
1873 |
CD to M, saying that he is
reading the German edition
slowly—LLiii 281. |
1950
|
The fertilisation of flowers,
foreign edition: Russian, CD's preface only, 1950
(F1434). |
Müller,
Johann Friederich Theodor, 1822-1897. |
|
Elder brother of Hermann M.
Known as and
writing as "Fritz". German schoolmaster in Brazil and
naturalist. CD
and M never met, but "of all his unseen friends Fritz Müller was the
one for whom he had the strongest regard"—LLiii 37. "Uninterrupted
friendship and scientific comradeship"—MLii 344. "He had for Müller a
stronger personal regard than that which bound him to his other unseen
friends"—Francis D, Ann. Bot., 13:xiii, 1899. CD to Hermann
M, "One of the most able naturalists living". Photograph MLii
344. Biography MLi 382. |
|
Married with at least one
daughter, Rosa who
observed circumnutation in Linum usitatissimum—MLii 345. |
1852- |
Teacher of mathematics at
Gymnasium, Blumenau, S. Catherina. |
1864,
1869 |
M was author of Für Darwin,
Leipzig, translated by W.
S. Dallas, at CD's expense on commission, 1869, Facts and arguments
for Darwin, London. It contains one of the earliest
statements of the recapitulation theory and Haeckel took the theory
from here without acknowledgement. It also contains a joke
classification of the Crustacea. CD thought so highly of it that he got
Murray to have the copies cased in the same binding style as Origin
eds. 1-3, and later casings as edition 5—LLiii 86, MLii 92. |
1865-1881
|
Many
letters, to and from M, first 1865 Aug. 10, last 1881 Dec. 19—MLii 370.
|
1874-1881 |
CD wrote introductory notes to
six
short papers by M in Nature London. |
1880 |
M was nearly drowned in a flood
of the Hajahy river. CD to Hermann
M, offering financial help to replace books etc. (£100), but not
needed—LLiii 242, MLii 363, 369. |
[page] 211
|
|
Müller,
Max |
1881
|
Visited Down House.
|
Muñiz,
Francisco Javier, 1795-1871. |
|
Of Luxan, Argentina. Physician
and politician.
|
1845 |
M
had discussed Niata cattle, the pug-faced breed, with CD—J.
Researches,
145. |
1845 |
CD to Owen on bones of Machairodus
sp. which M
offered for sale and which British Museum bought—FUL 101. |
1845 |
M
described it as Muñi-Felis bonarensis in Le Gaceta
Mercantil, Oct. 9. |
Murchison,
Sir Roderick Impey, Bart, 1792-1871. |
|
Geologist and geographer. CD
knew M
fairly well during London period, calling him Don Roderick.. "He was
very far from
possessing a philosophical mind", "The degree to which he valued rank
was ludicrous"—Barlow, Autobiography 102. Biography: A.
Geikie 1875. EB DNB. |
1826 |
FRS. |
1839 |
The Silurian
system, London. Page 352 refers
to
CD
collecting shell fragments from drift at Little Madeley, Staffordshire,
and
near Shrewsbury, between the town and village of Moele-Brace. |
1846 |
Kt. |
1855 |
Director General Royal School
of Mines London. |
1858 |
CD to
M, about British Museum enquiry—MLi 109. |
1863 |
KCB. |
1866 |
1st Bart. |
Murray,
Andrew, 1812-1878. |
|
Advocate and
naturalist. DNB. |
1860 |
M was anti-Origin,
paper in Proc. Roy.
Soc. Edinb.,
4:274-291. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, "the entomologist
and dabbler in
Botany"—Carroll 191. |
1867 |
CD to Hooker, CD had bought a
second-hand
copy of M's The geographical distribution of mammals, 1866,
"It is clear to me that the man cannot reason", "He seems to me
conceited"—MLii 3. |
1876 |
CD to Wallace, "utter want of
all scientific
judgement"—MLii 12. |
1877 |
CD to Dyer, "What astonishing
nonsense Mr.
Andrew Murray has been writing about leaves and carbonic acid"—MLii
412. |
Murray, Charles
Fairfax, 1849-1919. |
|
Artist. |
1887 |
ED
sat for him for portrait, pastel in wicker-work chair at Down House. |
Murray,
John [I], second of the name, 1808-1892. |
|
Publisher of 50 Albemarle St,
London. CD's main publisher. |
1845 |
M bought copyright of the 2nd
edition of J. Researches,
for inclusion in his Home and Colonial Library, for £150. |
1859 |
CD and M were on personal terms
from
the first publication of Origin, 1859. |
|
M published
1st and subsequent editions of ten of CD's books, as well as: |
1875 |
2nd
edition of Climbing plants. |
1879 |
E. Krause, Erasmus
Darwin, with introductory essay by CD. |
1869 |
F. Müller, Facts
and arguments for Darwin. |
1887 |
F. Darwin, editor, Life and
letters, 3 vols. |
1903 |
F. Darwin and A. C. Seward,
editors, More
letters, 2 vols. |
1915 |
H. E. Litchfield, editor, Emma
Darwin,
2 vols, 1st published edition. |
1882 |
M was on "Personal Friends
invited"
list for CD's funeral. |
[page] 212
|
|
Murray,
Sir John [II], 1841-1914. |
|
Marine biologist. EB DNB. |
1872-1876
|
Chief Naturalist on Challenger
expedition. |
1881 |
CD to A. Agassiz, on
M's firm views on origin of coral reefs, in which CD was right and M
wrong—LLiii 183, MLii 197. |
1882-1896
|
Editor of Challenger
expedition Reports. |
1896 |
FRS.
|
1898 |
KCB.
|
Musters,
Charles, 1817-1832. |
|
Fourth son of John M of Coldwick
Hall,
Nottinghamshire, and Mary Anne Chaworth, Lord Byron's Mary. R. N.
Hamond
and
his brother Anthony married two of his sisters. |
|
Volunteer 1st Class Royal
Navy, on 2nd voyage of Beagle. |
1831 |
Sep. 11-14 M sailed with
CD and Fitz-Roy from London to Plymouth. |
1832 |
May M died of fever at
Rio de Janeiro. |
My
apology, see p. 107.
|
[page 213]
N
|
|
Nägeli,
Carl Wilhelm von, 1817-1891. |
|
CD to N, "many of your
criticisms are the best which I have met
with"—LLiii 50. |
1857- |
Prof. Botany
Munich. |
1865 |
Entstehung
und Begriff der
Naturhistorischen Art, which was given as a lecture, Mar.
28,
to Königlich-Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich |
1866 |
CD to N, praising
Entstehung...—LLiii 49. |
Nancy
|
|
CD's nurse at Shrewsbury. CD
sent greetings
to her in Beagle letters to his sisters—LLi 254. |
Narrative
of the surveying voyages of His
Majesty's Ships
Adventure and Beagle |
1836 |
An
earlier and brief narrative by Fitz-Roy is in J. R. Geogr. Soc.,
6:311-343. |
1839 |
3 vols and appendix to Vol. 2,
edited
by
Robert Fitz-Roy. Vol. 1 is narrative of 1st voyage, 1826-1830,
under Captain P. P. King; Vol. 2 is narrative of 2nd voyage,
1831-1835, under Fitz-Roy, with tables of data in the appendix; Vol. 3,
entitled Journal and remarks, is by CD and is 1st issue of Journal
of researches, which was issued separately at the same time (F10).
|
1972 |
Facsimile (F166). |
|
The whole work has never been
translated. |
Nash,
Louisa Ann |
|
Wife of Wallis N q.v. |
circa
1875 |
N drew
fine head and shoulders of CD in brushed india ink. It has never been
reproduced and is still in the N family. |
1910 |
N gave reminiscences of
CD in Overland monthly, San Francisco, 404-408. |
Nash,
Wallis, 1837-1926. |
|
Lawyer, later one of the
founding fathers of the State of Oregon. Married Louisa Ann N q.v. One
of his four sons named L. Darwin Nash. See K. G. V. Smith and
R.
E. Dimick, J. Soc.
Biblphy Nat. Hist., 78-82, 1976. |
1873-?1880
|
N took George
Wood's house, The Rookery, at Downe and became friendly with the Ds. |
1919 |
A
lawyer's life on two continents, Boston, has reminiscences of CD,
130-138. |
Natural
History Collections |
1858 |
Public
natural history collections. Copy of a memorial addressed to the Right
Honourable the Chancellor of the Exchequer, [?London], signed by
CD and eight others (F371). Reprinted in Gardeners' Chronicle,
No. 48:861 (F372). |
[page] 214
|
|
Natural
History Review |
1860
|
Founded 1860 largely by
Huxley. |
1860 |
CD to Huxley, warning him not
waste his energies editing a
review, but to get on with original work; a warning which Huxley did
not heed—MLi 157. |
Natural
Selection |
1859 |
Phrase first used in title
of Origin. Ch. 3 "I have called this principle, by which each
slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural
Selection". |
1860 |
"Natural selection", Gardeners'
Chronicle,
No. 16:362-363 (Bii 32, F1705). In this paper CD recognizes Patrick
Matthew's claim to priority in the idea, but not the expression. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, "I doubt whether I
use the
term Natural Selection more as a Person, than writers use Attraction of
Gravity as governing the movements of Planets &c but I suppose I
could have avoided the ambiguity"—Carroll 198. |
1873 |
"Natural selection", Spectator,
46:76 (Bii 169, F1758). |
1880 |
"Sir Wyville Thomson and natural
selection", Nature, Lond.,
23:32 (Bii 223, F1789). |
Naturalist
on the River Amazons |
1863 |
By H. W.
Bates, unsigned review of in Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:385-389, is
attributed
to CD in Dent's Everyman edition 1910 and later printings, also in
British Museum, Catalogue of printed books. It is not
considered to be by CD—Burkhardt. See "Amazon valley fauna". |
Naturforschende
Gesellschaft zu Halle |
1879 |
CD Member. |
Naudin,
Charles Victor, 1815-1899. |
|
French botanist. |
1861 |
N is referred to in Historical
sketch in Origin. CD says that
he is unable to follow his arguments in Rév. Horticole,
1852—LLii 246, MLi 187. |
1861 |
CD to Gray, N writes to say that
he is going to publish on peloric
flowers in Pelargonium—Darwin-Gray 84. |
1864 |
CD to N, about
N's work on Cucurbitaceae. |
1868 |
Variation refers to N's
work. |
1880 |
CD to Romanes, "Naudin, who is
often quoted, I have much less
confidence in", about plant hybrids—Life of Romanes 102. |
Neale,
Edward Vansittart, 1810-1892. |
|
Co-operative
reformer. |
1861
|
Paper in Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., for 1861:1-11. |
1861 |
CD to Hooker, "a Mr. Neale has
read a paper before the
Zoological Society on 'Typical Selection'; what it means I know
not"—LLii 359. |
"Nectar-secreting
organs of plants" |
1855 |
"Nectar-secreting organs of
plants", Gardeners' Chronicle,
No. 29:487 (Bi 258, F1684). |
Negro living in
Edinburgh, see John
Edmonston. |
Nelson,
Richard John, 1803-1877. |
|
Soldier and
geologist. Major-General Royal Engineers. DNB. |
1854 |
CD to Owen, CD
had corresponded with on coral formations in Bermuda—N&R 50. |
[page] 215
|
|
Netley
Abbey, Hampshire. |
1846 |
Sep. 14 CD visited on
day trip from British Association meeting at Southampton. |
Neumayr,
Melchior, 1845-1890.
|
|
Palaeontologist. Prof.
Palaeontology Vienna. N was an enthusiastic darwinian. |
1877 |
CD to N, on
inheritance of acquired characters and on his work with Carl Maria
Paul, "Die Congierenund Paludinenschichten Slavoniens und deren
Faunen", Abhandl. K.-K. Geol. Reichs-Anstalt, 7, Heft, 3,
1875—LLiii
232. |
1878 |
CD to Judd, praising N's work
and with brief biography—MLi 375. |
Nevill,
Lady Dorothy Frances, see Walpole. |
Nevill,
Reginald Henry, ?-1878. |
|
Of Dangstein, Rogate, Hampshire.
|
1848 |
Married Lady
Dorothy Frances Walpole. |
New
Forest, Hampshire. |
1847 |
Jul. CD and family
visited on return from holiday at Swanage. |
New
York Academy of Sciences |
1879 |
CD Honorary
Member. |
New
Zealand |
|
For CD's later scientific
contacts see Tee 1978.
|
1835 |
Dec. 21-30 Beagle at
Bay
of Islands, North Island. CD landed and was entertained especially by
missionaries. |
|
Dec. 30 Beagle left
for Sydney, "I believe we
were all glad to leave New Zealand. It is not a pleasant place"—J.
Researches 1845, 430. |
1836 |
Fitz-Roy, "An Englishman may now
walk
alone...where, ten years ago, such an attempt would have been a
rash braving of the club and the oven"—J. R. Geogr. Soc.,
6:334. |
1836 |
"A letter, containing remarks on
the moral state of Tahiti, New
Zealand &c", S. Afr. Christian Recorder, 2:231-238 (Bi
19,
F1640), by CD and Fitz-Roy, CD's contribution bears the suffix "D".
This was CD's first publication except for beetle records in Stephens. |
1843-1845
|
Fitz-Roy was Governor-General. |
New
Zealand Institute |
1872 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Newnham
Courtney, Oxfordshire. |
1847 |
Jun. CD visited
on day trip from British Association meeting at Oxford. |
Newnham Grange
|
|
Now part of
Darwin College q.v. |
1885 |
House in Silver St, Cambridge,
named
by Sir George Howard D when he bought it in Mar. 1885. The
house was just known as Newnham when George D
bought it, but he changed it because the district from the Silver St
bridge to Barton Rd was known as Newnham. |
Newington,
Samuel, 1815-1883. |
|
Physician and
botanist, of Hawkhurst, Sussex. N was joint proprietor of Ticehurst
Private Asylum for Insane and Nervous Patients. |
Newport,
George, 1803-1854. |
|
Surgeon and insect
anatomist. CD writes of watching this brilliant anatomist dissect a
humble bee "getting out the nervous system with a few cuts
of a fine pair of scissors". CD does not state where or when—LLi 110.
DNB. |
1846 |
FRS. |
[page] 216
|
|
Newton,
Alfred, 1829-1907. |
|
Ornithologist. First Prof.
Zoology Cambridge. Biography: Wollaston 1921. DNB. |
1858 |
N was pro-evolution after
reading
Darwin-Wallace paper. |
1860 |
Tristram to N, "The
infallibility of the God
Darwin and his prophet Huxley". |
1865 |
CD refused to write a
testimonial
for N for the Cambridge Chair on the grounds that N knew only about
birds—N&R 45. |
1870 |
FRS. |
1870 |
Feb. 9 N spent Sunday at Down
House—LLiii 79. |
1870 |
May 23 CD visited N at Cambridge
Museum. |
1881 |
CD and ED took tea
with N at Cambridge. |
1882 |
N was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for
CD's funeral. |
Nichols
|
1851
|
Retired postman at Downe, aged
87 in
1851—Atkins 103. |
"Nigger"
|
|
ED's nickname for CD—Keith, Darwin
revalued 275. |
Nilsson,
Sven, 1787-1883. |
|
Swedish naturalist and
anthropologist of Lund. |
1868
|
N provided CD with information
about
growth of reindeer antlers—Descent i 288, S. Lindroth, Lychnos,
1948:144-158. |
Nixon,
Mr |
1834 |
Sep. 13 CD stayed four days at
Yaquil near Nancagua at
a
gold mine owned by N, an American. A German collector of insects etc.
called Renous was also staying—Diary pp. 296-8—Keynes
p. 236. |
Noel,
Edward, 1825-1899. |
|
Magistrate and Deputy
Lieutenant of Derbyshire. |
1849 |
Married Sarah Gay Forbes D, of
Elston Hall. |
Noel, Sarah Gay
Forbes, see Darwin. |
Norgate, Francis
|
|
Ornithologist. Of Sparham,
Norfolk. |
1881 |
Mar. N to CD,
about dispersal of fresh-water bivalve molluscs by water beetles, Nature,
Lond., 25:529-530, 1882. |
Norman,
Ebenezer |
|
For many years copyist for the
press of CD's mss. |
from
1854 |
Village schoolmaster at Downe. |
1857 |
CD to
Hooker, "I am employing a laboriously careful schoolmaster"—MLi 99. |
1858 |
CD to Hooker, "I can get the
Down schoolmaster to do it [i.e.
transcribe] on my return"—LLii 128. |
Norman,
George Warde, 1793-1882. |
|
Writer on finance.
Resident at Bromley Common near Downe. |
1860 |
CD to Hooker, "My clever
neighbour, Mr. Norman, says the article [Edinb. Rev., on Origin]
is so badly written, with no definite object, that no one will read
it"—LLii 304. |
1874 |
CD on increase of numbers of
starlings "Mr. Norman a
well-known man in Kent". |
1876 |
CD to N, thanking for
condolences on
death of Amy Richenda D—Carroll 497. |
1881 |
Romanes to his sister,
recounts an episode about CD and N's liking for snuff—Life of
Romanes 129. |
1882 |
N was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral.
|
[page] 217
|
|
North,
Marianne, 1830-1890. |
1881 |
Jul. 16 N visited Down House. |
1882 |
N
was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1892 |
Author of Recollections
of a happy life. |
Northcote,
Lady (Cecilia Frances), see
Farrer. |
Norton,
Andrews |
|
Father of Charles Eliot N. Prof.
Theology Harvard.
|
Norton,
Charles Eliot, 1827-1908. |
|
Son of Andrews N. Prof. Italian
Harvard. Married Theodora Sedgwick. |
1868 |
Summer, N spent four
months staying at Keston Rectory near Downe. |
1876 |
CD to
Gray,
two detachments of Nortons had visited Down House, "I then verified a
grand generalisation, which I once propounded to you, that all persons
from the U States are perfectly charming"—Darwin-Gray 94. |
Norton,
Sara |
|
Daughter of Charles Eliot N,
niece of Sara
Sedgwick. |
1884 |
N visited ED at The Grove,
Cambridge. |
Norton,
Theodora, see Sedgwick. |
Norwegian
|
1889 |
First edition in: Life and
letters (F1528). |
Notebooks
on transmutation of species, see
Darwin's notebooks etc. |
[page 218]
O
|
|
Oakley,
Mr |
|
"A joiner with red hair".
O provided at least one fossil bone. Probably the same man
who had collected for Sir Woodbine Parish—Buenos Aires,
London 175-177, 1839. |
1833 |
CD met at
Monte Video. |
Ogilby,
William, 1808-1873.
|
|
Irish barrister who studied
Stonesfield slate.
|
Ogle,
William, 1827-1905. |
|
Physician and
naturalist. Superintendent of Statistics to the Registrar General. CDL.
|
1865 |
CD advised O on experiments on
fertilisation of flowers—LLiii 277. |
1868 |
O to CD on Hippocrates's views
on
pangenesis—LLiii 82. |
1878 |
O translated
A. Kerner Flowers and their unbidden guests, London. |
n.d. |
CD
to O, CD had called on him in London, invites him to lunch—Carroll 460. |
n.d. |
O
visited Down House—Nineteenth Century, 106:118-123, 1929. |
1882 |
O
sent CD his translation of Aristotle on the parts of animals. |
1882 |
O was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Oldfield,
Henry Ambrose |
1856 |
CD to O on breeds of
dogs—Carroll 128. |
1880 |
Author of Sketches of Nepal,
London. |
Olinda,
see Pernambuco. |
Oliver,
Daniel, 1830-1916. |
|
Botanist. On
staff at Kew.
O provided material for CD's botanical work and was a long-standing and
important correspondent. |
?1860 |
CD to Hooker, "Remember me
kindly to Oliver. He must be astonished at
not getting a string of questions"—LLiii 299. |
1861-1888 |
Prof. Botany University College
London. |
1861 |
CD to Hooker, "How
capitally Oliver has done the résumé of botanical books. Good heavens
how he must have read"—LLii 358. |
1862 |
CD to Hooker, "the all-knowing
Oliver"—MLii 290. |
1862 |
CD to Hooker, "Oliver the
omniscient"—LLiii 307. |
1863 |
FRS. |
"Omori shell
mounds" |
|
Omori is in Japan. |
1880 |
[Letter] "The Omori shell
mounds", Nature, Lond., 21:561, introducing one from E. S.
Morse, ibid., 561-562 (Bii 222, F1788). |
[page] 219
|
|
Onibury,
near Ludlow, Shropshire. |
|
Family home of the
Langtons. Charles Langton was vicar here. |
1837 |
ED stayed there. |
Orange
Court |
|
A house in Downe. Mr
Harris
owned it, a gentleman farmer. |
Orchard,
The |
1884
|
A house in Cambridge, built in
1884 by
Horace D on part of the Grove field. |
Orchids
|
|
Anagraecum sesquipedale,
"Comet" or "Star of
Bethlehem", is the orchid for which CD predicted an insect with a 30 cm
proboscis. Xanthopan morgani praedicta is the Madagascan race
of an African sphingid which pollinates the white flowers at night. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, "I showed the case
[of
Orchids] to Elizabeth Wedgwood, and her remark was 'Now you have upset
your own book, for you won't persuade me that this could be effected by
Natural Selection'"—MLi 156. |
1869 |
CD to Gray, "It really seems to
me
incredibly monstrous to look at an orchid as created as we now see it.
Every part reveals modification on modification"—Darwin-Gray 94. |
Orchids,
Fertilisation of [book] |
1861 |
Sep. 24 CD to John Murray, "I
think this little volume will
do good to the 'Origin' as it will show that I have worked hard at
details"—LLiii 254. |
1862 |
On the
various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are
fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing,
London (F800). |
1862 |
Discussion in reviews of the
book included the
idea that, if it had appeared before Origin, the author would
have been canonized rather than anathematized by the natural
theologians. A reviewer in Literary Churchman, Oct. found
only one fault, that Mr Darwin's expression of admiration at the
contrivances of orchids is too indirect a way of saying "O! Lord, how
manifold are thy works". Review by Duke of Argyll, Edinb.
Rev.,
Oct., is in much the same vein. |
1877 |
2nd edition The various
contrivances by which
orchids are fertilised by insects (F801). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1862 |
German (F820). |
1870 |
French (F818) (see papers below
1869). |
1877 |
USA
(F802). |
1883 |
Italian (F823). |
1900 |
Russian (F825). |
1964 |
Romanian (F824). |
"Orchids,
Fertilisation of" (papers) |
|
See
also Catasetum and Cypripedium. |
1860 |
"Fertilisation of British
orchids by insect agency", Gardeners' Chronicle,
No. 23:528 (Bii 32, F1706). |
1860 |
"Fertilisation of British
orchids by
insect agency", Ent. Wkly Intelligencer, 8:93-94, 102-103
(F1707). |
1861 |
"Fertilisation of British
orchids by insect agency", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 6:127 (Bii 38, F1710). |
1861 |
"Fertilisation of
orchids", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 37:831 (Bii 41, F1712). |
1869 |
"Notes on the fertilisation of
orchids", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
4:141-159 (Bii 138, F1748). |
1870, 1877
|
The last two were inserted
in the French
translation of the book, 1870, and occur in the 2nd English edition,
1877. |
[page] 220
|
|
Origin
of species (book) |
|
The text of each of the
1st six editions is much altered. The changes are given in detail in
the variorum edition, 1959, listed below. The whole of LLii is devoted
to the preparation, publishing and
reception of Origin. The best source of reference to reviews
is J. P. Anderson in Bettany, Life of Darwin, 1887,
xxvi-xxvii. A. Ellegård, Gothenburg Studies in English,
8:1-394, 1958, covers reviews in popular journals in detail. |
1859 |
Nov. 24 On the
origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of
favoured races in the struggle for life, London, John Murray, 1250
copies (F373). |
|
This is
the only one of CD's books for which details of author's presentation
copies are available. At least twenty-four, perhaps more than
thirty-five, were sent out inscribed by one of Murray's clerks. No copy
inscribed by CD himself is known. |
|
The whereabouts of the
following
copies is known: Agassiz (Harvard); Butler (St John's College,
Cambridge); Dana (Yale); Horner (British Museum (Natural History) );
Herschel (Texas); Innes (University of London); Jenyns (in the family);
Lyell (Down House); Owen (Shrewsbury School); Prestwich (University
Library, Cambridge); Sedgwick (Trinity College, Cambridge); Wallace
(Sir
Geoffrey Keynes), Linnean Society of London, Royal Society. |
|
Copies were
sent to the following, but their present whereabouts are unknown:
Bunbury, de Candolle, Milne Edwards, Falconer, Fox, Gray, Henslow,
Hooker, Huxley, Kingsley, Lubbock, Ramsay. |
|
Galton's copy, at University
College London, is said to be author's presentation, but is not
inscribed. CD's own copy is in University Library, Cambridge. |
|
The print
run was 1250 without overs; CD had twelve free copies, five were for
copyright and forty-one were sent out for review. If CD bought another
twenty-four for presentation, then the number available for purchase
was 1167. |
Oct. 1
|
CD's diary
entry for Oct. 1 reads "all copies sold first day". It is clear that CD
made this entry on or after Nov. 24. |
Nov. 24
|
The story that the book sold out
on publication day stems
from a letter from CD to Huxley on Nov. 24, "I have heard from Murray
today that he sold whole edition of my book the first day and he
wants another instantly"—Science, 64:476, 1926. |
|
These statements have often
been
construed as meaning that all copies were bought by the public on the
first day. What they do mean is that the booksellers took up the whole
printing available to them as soon as it was offered by John Murray. |
1860 |
Jan. 5 (a very few copies 1859)
5th thousand [2nd edition]
(F375, 376), 3000 copies. |
1861 |
Apr. 3rd edition, 7th thousand,
with
historical sketch added (F381), 2000 copies. |
1862 |
CD to John Scott, "The majority
of the criticisms on
the Origin are, in my opinion, not worth the paper they are
printed on"—MLii 311. |
1866 |
4th edition, 8th
thousand (F385), 1500 copies. |
1868 |
CD to W. D. Fox, "I must prepare
a new
edition of that everlasting Origin. I am sick and tired of
correcting"—Carroll 357. |
1869 |
5th edition, 10th thousand
(F387), 2000 copies. |
1872 |
6th edition, 11th thousand
(F391), title changes to Origin of species etc., 3000 copies.
|
1876 |
6th edition (with additions and
corrections), 18th thousand
(F401). The final definitive text as CD left it. |
1880 |
Apr.
9
Huxley address to Royal Institution "On the coming of age of The origin
of species", printed in Nature, Lond., 22:1-4; Pop. Sci.
Monthly,
17:337-344. |
1934 |
English Braille
edition (F629). |
1959 |
Variorum edition, Philadelphia,
edited by Morse
Peckham (F588). |
1964 |
1st edition facsimile (F602). |
1969 |
1st edition facsimile (F614). |
First
foreign editions: |
1860 |
German (F672), USA (F377). |
1862 |
French (F655). |
1864 |
Dutch (F594[=648]), Italian
(F706), Russian
(F748). |
1869 |
Swedish (F793). |
1872 |
Danish (F643). |
1873 |
Hungarian (F703),
Polish (F739). |
1877 |
Spanish (F770). |
1878 |
Serbian (F766). |
1896 |
Japanese
(F718). |
1903 |
Chinese (part) (F634). |
?1918 |
Chinese (whole) (F638). |
1914 |
Czech
(F641), Latvian (F736). |
1915 |
Greek (F698). |
?1920 |
Portuguese (F743). |
1928 |
Finnish (F653). |
1936 |
Armenian (F630), Ukrainian
(F797). |
1946 |
Bulgarian (F632). |
1950 |
Romanian (F746). |
1951 |
Slovene (F768). |
1957 |
Korean (F732). |
1958 |
Flemish (F654). |
1959 |
Lithuanian (F738). |
1960 |
Hebrew
(F700). |
1964 |
Hindi (F702). |
1970 |
Turkish (F796). |
[page] 221
|
|
"Origin
of Species" (papers) |
1863 |
[Letter] "Origin of
species", Athenaeum, No. 1854:617 (Bii 81, F1730). |
1869 |
[Letter]
"Origin of species [on the reproductive potential of elephants]", Athenaeum,
No. 2174:861 (Bii 136, F1746). |
1869 |
Same title, ibid.,
No. 2177:82 (Bii 137, F1747). |
Ornithological
Notes, see Darwin's
ornithological notes. |
Orton,
James, 1830-1877. |
|
Professor Natural History
Vassar. |
1870 |
Dedicated his The
Andes and the Amazon N.Y. to CD "by permission". |
Osborn,
Christopher, ?-1860. |
|
A resident at Downe. |
1885 |
ED helped Mrs O when she was
stone deaf and being looked after by
another cottager, Alice Carter, who was partially blind—Darwin-Innes
207. |
Osmaston
Hall, near Derby. |
|
Home of Samuel Fox. |
1828 |
Sep. CD visited. |
[page] 222
|
|
Ouless,
Walter William, 1848-1933. |
|
Painter. DNB. |
1875 |
RA. |
1875 |
Feb.-Mar. O painted CD in oils,
the earliest portrait in oils.
Original in family, copy at Christ's College, Cambridge. O also painted
ED. FD "Mr. Ouless's portrait is, in my opinion, the finest
representation of my father that has been produced"—LLiii 95. CD "I
look a very venerable, acute, melancholy old dog; whether I really look
so I do not know". Engraved by Paul Adolphe Rajon. |
Overton-on-Dee,
Flintshire. |
|
Home of the Parker family.
|
1838 |
Jul. CD visited for
a night on return from Glen Roy. |
Owen,
Arthur Mostyn, 1813-96. |
|
Second son of W. M. O.
[I]. |
1832-1848
|
Indian
Civil
Service. |
1876 |
High Sherriff of Shropshire. |
Owen,
Charles Mostyn, 1818-1894. |
|
Fourth son of W. M. O. [I].
Trinity
Coll.Oxford. Army Officer. Chief Constable,
Oxfordshire. |
1845-1847 |
Kaffir War. |
Owen,
Edward Mostyn |
|
Son of William Mostyn O. |
1866 |
Married Susan Parker. 5
children. |
Owen, Frances
Mostyn |
|
Second daughter of William
Mostyn O [I], sister of
Sarah O. CD who called her "poor dear Fanny". Nicknamed "Housemaid" to
CD's "Postillion"—Brent and CCD I. |
1830 |
Belle of the ball at
Woodhouse—Keith, Darwin revalued,
6. |
1832 |
Married Robert Myddleton
Biddulph. 3 sons, 3 daughters: eldest child Frances. |
Owen,
Henry Mostyn, 1820-1843. |
|
Youngest son of W. M. O. [I].
Army Officer. |
1834 |
Became a dandified young
man—Brent p. 186. |
1843
|
Died in India. |
Owen,
Sir Richard, 1804-1892. |
|
Zoologist. The most
distinguished
vertebrate zoologist and palaeontologist of Victorian England, but a
most deceitful and odious man. Biography: Rev. R. Owen
(grandson)
1894. DNB. |
1834 |
FRS. |
1835 |
Married daughter of William
Clift. |
1836-1856 |
Conservator and Hunterian Prof.
Royal College of Surgeons of England. |
1836 |
Oct. 29 CD and O first met at
Lyell's house in London. |
1838-1840 |
Part I, Fossil Mammalia,
4 numbers
1838-1840, by Richard Owen. |
until 1859 |
CD was on friendly terms with O
until
the publication of the Origin; after that, O was probably the
only man that CD hated, if he could hate. |
1859 |
Nov. 11 CD to O and O's reply on
sending
a
presentation copy of Origin, both in friendly manner—N&R
76. |
1859 |
Dec. 10 CD to Lyell: "REPEAT
NOTHING. Under garb of great
civility, he was inclined to be most bitter and sneering against me".
"He was quite savage and crimson at me". "A degree of arrogance I never
saw approached". "He is the most astounding creature I ever
encountered"—Carroll 184. |
1859 |
Dec. 13 CD
to O, before O had shown his hand in public, "I should be a dolt not to
value your scientific opinion very highly"—FUL 104. |
1860 |
Apr. O reviewed Origin,
anonymously, in Edinb.
Rev., 487-532. |
1860 |
Apr. CD to Lyell, "It is painful
to be hated
in the intense degree with which —— hates me"—LLii 300. |
1860 |
May, CD to
Hooker, "Owen is indeed very spiteful". "The Londoners say that he is
mad with envy because my book has been talked about; what a strange man
to be envious of a naturalist like myself, immeasurably his
inferior"—MLi 149. |
1860 |
Jun. CD to Gray, "No one fact
tells so strongly
against Owen...that he has never reared one pupil or follower"—MLi
153. |
1863 |
The editors discuss CD's
relationship with O and instance his
conduct in relation of Falconer's fossil elephants—MLi 226. |
1863 |
CD to Hooker, "There is an
Italian edition of the Origin
preparing...Owen will not be right in telling Longmans that the book
would be utterly forgotten in ten years. Hurrah!"—MLii 338. |
1863 |
CD to
Lyell, "He ought to be ostracised by every naturalist in
England"—Carroll 287. |
1867 |
CD to Trimen, about O's review
in Edinb.
Rev. "The internal evidence made me almost sure that only Owen
could have
written it: but when I taxed him with the authorship and he
absolutely denied it—then I was quite certain". Trimen told the
story to Poulton—Quart. Rev, 1909:4-6. |
1868 |
CD to Hooker, "Owen pitches into
me and Lyell in grand style in the last chapter of
Vol. 3 of Anat. of Vertebrates. He is a cool hand. He puts
words from me in inverted commas and alters them"—MLii 377. |
1881 |
First Director of
British Museum (Natural History). |
1884
|
KCB. |
1887 |
"Mrs
Carlyle said that Owen's sweetness reminded her of sugar of
lead"—Huxley to Tyndall, Huxley's Life ii:167, MLi 309. |
1887 |
When Life and letters
was published in 1887 O was alive and very little was printed on the
matter. More letters, 1903, contains a lot, and more recent
publications have added to it. |
1897 |
Huxley to Flower, "Gladstone,
Samuel [Wilberforce] of Oxford, and Owen
belong to a very curious type of humanity, with many excellent and even
great qualities and one fatal defect—utter untrustworthiness"—Life
of Huxley iii:274. |
[page] 223
|
|
Owen,
Sarah Harriet Mostyn |
|
Eldest daughter of William
Mostyn O [I]. Sister of
Frances O. O was a strong
personal friend of CD's
before Beagle voyage. |
1831 |
Married 1 Edward
Hosier Williams. |
|
CD
to Catherine D at Maldonado "one of the kindest (letters) I ever
received. I was very sorry to hear...that she has lost so much of the
Owen constitution: I am very sure that with it none of the Owen
goodness has gone"—CD and Beagle p. 85. |
1856 |
Married 2 Thomas Chandler
Haliburton. |
1872 |
CD to O, "for old times sake",
sending photograph and copy of Expression—LLiii 173. |
1880 |
CD
to O, "My dear Sarah, see how audaciously I begin". "I have always
loved and shall ever love this name". O had reminded him of his old
ambition about Eddowe's Newspaper
q.v. They had met at
Erasmus Alvey D's house in London—LLiii 334. |
[page] 224
|
|
Owen,
William Mostyn [I] |
|
Squire of Woodhouse, Rednal,
Shropshire, 13 miles northwest of
Shrewsbury. Father of Major O, Frances O and Sarah O. Had
been in Royal Dragoons. |
|
Married Harriet Elizabeth
Gordon-Cumming. 5 sons, 5 daughters: 1. William Mostyn O [II] q.v.;
second son Arthur
Mostyn O
q.v.; third son Francis Mostyn O, 1815-?; fourth son Charles Mostyn O
q.v.; fifth son
Henry Mostyn O q.v.: first daughter Sarah Harriet Mostyn O q.v.; second
daughter Frances
Mostyn O q.v.; third daughter Caroline O, ?-1897; fourth daughter
Sobieski Mostyn O,
?-1890; fifth daughter Emma Mostyn O, ?-1890. |
1820s
|
CD used to
shoot on his estate in the 1820s. |
Owen,
William Mostyn [II],
1806-1868. |
|
Eldest son of W. M. O. [I].
Unmarried.
Major, Royal Dragoons. Of Woodhouse, Shropshire. |
1820s
|
Then Captain, shooting
companion
of CD who records in Autobiography how O helped to play a
trick on him, preventing CD from knowing how many birds he had shot—LLi
43. |
1865, 1881 |
1865 and again in 1881 CD's
accounts show interest on a mortgage to Major O (?the same
man)—Atkins 96. |
1882 |
O was on "Personal
Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
"Oxalis
bowei" |
1866 |
"Oxalis bowei", Gardeners'
Chronicle,
No. 32:756 (Bii 132, F1736). |
Oxford,
Oxfordshire. |
1847 |
Jun. 22-30 CD visited for
British Association meeting. |
1860 |
British Association meeting q.v.
CD
was not present. |
Oxford
University |
1870 |
CD declined Hon.D.C.L. on
grounds of ill-health—Oxford Univ. Gaz., Jun. 17—LLiii 126.
It
was offered at the instigation of the Marquis of Salisbury on his
installation as Chancellor. His list was opposed by Hebdomadal Council.
|
1909 |
Feb. 12 The University
celebrated the centenary of CD's birth.
William, Erasmus [III], George, Francis and Leonard D were present.
Main speeches were by George and Francis D and by Poulton—Poulton, Darwin
and the Origin, 78-83, 1909. |
[page 225]
P
|
|
"P",
"The Venerable", see Parslow. |
Packard,
Alpheus Spring, 1839-1905. |
|
American
entomologist. |
1872 |
CD to Gray, saying that he had
invited P to Down
House, but he may not have got letter—Darwin-Gray 84. |
Paget,
Sir James, Bart, 1814-1889. |
|
Surgeon. St Bartholomew's
Hospital. EB DNB. |
1871 |
CD to W. Turner, "he is
so charming a man", and notes that he had been seriously ill of a
post-mortem infection—MLii 106. |
1871 |
FRS. |
1872 |
1st Bart. |
1872 |
P gave CD information for Expression.
|
1875 |
P probably agreed to
Litchfield's draft sketch for a vivisection
bill—LLiii 204. |
1875 |
CD thanked P for sending his Clinical
lectures and essays, London—Carroll 467. |
1880 |
CD to Hooker, on P's
work on growth in plants and on galls—MLii 425. |
1881 |
CD met P at
breakfast party for International Medical Congress in London. |
1882 |
P
was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Paget,
Stephen, 1855-1926. |
|
Surgeon and author. Fourth son
of Sir James P. Surgeon Middlesex Hospital. WWH. |
1882 |
P was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Paihia,
Bay of Islands, N.Z.
|
1835
|
CD spent Christmas Day there at
house of W. Colenso.
|
Paine,
or Payne |
|
Sir Thomas Farrer's
gardener, trained at Kew. P helped CD on Mimosa. |
?1873 |
CD to
Farrer, "As he is so acute a man, I should very much like to hear his
opinion" on water damage to leaves—LLiii 340. |
Paley, William,
1743-1805. |
|
Theologian. DD. Traditionally
CD and P had the same set
at Christ's College. "The logic of this book [Evidences of
christianity] and as I may add of his Natural Theology
gave me as much delight as did Euclid". "I did not at this time trouble
myself about Paley's premises"—Barlow, Autobiography 59. DNB.
|
1763 |
Senior Wrangler, Cambridge. |
1782 |
Archdeacon of Carlisle. |
1802 |
Author of Natural
theology, London, which is largely a crib from John Ray's Wisdom
of God, London 1691. |
"Pampas
woodpecker" |
1870 |
"Notes on the habits of the
pampas woodpecker (Colaptes campestris)", Proc. Zool.
Soc.
Lond., No. 47:705-706 (Bii 161, F1750). The last sentence in this
paper
reads "I should be loath to think that there are many naturalists who,
without any evidence, would accuse a fellow-worker of telling a
deliberate falsehood to prove his theory". This refers to remarks by W.
H. Hudson in the previous number of Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. |
1872 |
In 6th edition of Origin,
CD writes "in certain large
districts it does not climb trees"—LLiii 153. |
[page] 226
|
|
"Pampean
formation" |
1863 |
"On the thickness of the
Pampean formation near Buenos Aires", Quart. J. geol. Soc. (Proc.),
19:68-71 (Bii 74, F1724). |
Pander,
Christian Heinrich, 1794-1865. |
|
Russian
embryologist and palaeontologist. |
1861 |
CD attributed P's ideas to
d'Alton in a footnote to the historical sketch in 3rd edition of Origin. |
Pangenesis
|
|
See also Charles
Darwin's
manuscript of Pangenesis. |
1860 |
Jul. Elizabeth
Barrett Browning's poem first published, "What was he doing the great
god Pan, Down in the reeds by the river". |
1867 |
CD to Gray, sending clean sheets
of Variation, "What I call Pangenesis will be called a mad
dream...I think it contains a great truth"—Darwin-Gray 58. |
1868 |
The term
was coined by CD and first appears in print in Variation. He
thought that the idea was new although it was not. |
1868 |
CD to Hooker, "You will think me
very self-sufficient, when I declare that I feel sure
if Pangenesis is now stillborn it will, thank God, at some future time
reappear, begotten by some other father, and christened by some other
name"—LLiii 78. |
1868 |
CD to Wallace, "It is a relief
to have some
feasible explanation of the various facts, which can be given up as
soon as any better hypothesis is found". "I had given up the great god
Pan as a stillborn deity"—LLiii 80. |
1868 |
CD to Lyell, "An untried
hypothesis is always
dangerous ground"—Carroll 349. |
1869 |
CD to Hooker, "You will be
surely haunted on your deathbed for not honouring the great god
Pan"—MLi 303. |
1871 |
"Pangenesis", Nature,
Lond., 3:502-503, a letter criticising a paper by Francis Galton, Proc.
Roy. Soc.,
19:393-410 (Bii 165, F1751). |
1880 |
CD to Paget, "To anyone
believing
in my pangenesis (if such a man exists)"—MLii 427. |
Panteague
|
2nd
half 18C |
Home of Elizabeth Hensleigh in
second
half of 18th century. |
"Papilionaceous
Flowers" |
1858 |
"On the agency of bees
in the fertilisation of papilionaceous flowers, and on the crossing of
kidney beans", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2:459-465, Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 46:828-829 (Bii 19, F1701). |
"Parallel
Roads of Glen Roy" |
1839 |
"Observations on the
parallel roads of Glen Roy, and of other parts of Lochaber in Scotland,
with
an attempt to prove that they are of marine origin", Phil. Trans.,
129:39-81, two plates, (Bi 89, F1653). CD's only contribution to Phil.
Trans. For CD's later opinions of this paper see Glen
Roy. |
[page] 227
|
|
Parfitt,
Edward, 1820-1893. |
|
Botanist. DNB. |
1860 |
CD to
Stainton, mentions P as a correspondent about orchids—FUL 107. |
Paris
|
1827 |
Spring, CD visited with his
uncle Josiah
Wedgwood [II], his only visit to continental Europe. |
Parish,
Sir
Woodbine, 1796-1882. |
|
Diplomat and geologist. |
1824 |
FRS. |
1825-1832 |
Consul General Buenos Aires. CD
knew him later in London—Red notebook
p. 106. |
1837 |
Knight Commander of the Guelphic
Order of Hanover. |
Park
Street, London. |
1845-1852 |
No. 7 home of Erasmus Alvey D. |
Parker
|
1837 |
P forwarded to CD a chart of
Diego
Garcia, Indian Ocean, which related to Coral reefs, see 3rd
edition, 1889, 90-95—Darwin-Henslow 130. |
Parker,
The Misses |
|
Two illegitimate daughters of
Erasmus Darwin [I], ?by a Miss Parker. CD's aunts. |
1790s |
Erasmus D set up a school for
them at Ashbourne, Derbyshire, in the
1790s. His A plan for the conduct of female education in boarding
schools, London 1797, Dublin 1798, Cincinnati 1798, relates. |
Parker,
Cecile, see Longueville. |
Parker,
Rev. Charles, 1831-? |
|
Fourth son of Henry Parker [I].
Unmarried.
CD's nephew. |
1884
|
Living in Shrewsbury.
|
Parker, Francis,
1829-1871. |
|
Third child of Henry Parker [I].
CD's nephew. |
1860 |
Married Cecile Longueville. 3
sons. |
Parker, Henry
[I], 1788-1856. |
|
Physician and
surgeon. CD's brother-in-law. Overton-on-Dee, Flint. |
1824 |
Married Marianne Darwin. 4 sons,
1 daughter: 1. Robert, 2. Henry [II], 3.
Francis, 4. Charles, 5. Mary Susan. |
1856-1866
|
After P's
death, the grown-up family was adopted by Catherine D and lived at The
Mount until her death in 1866. |
Parker, Henry
[II], 1827-1892. |
|
Second child of Henry Parker
[I]. Unmarried. CD's nephew. Classical Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford.
|
1862 |
P reviewed Orchids in Sat.
Rev. |
1862 |
Dec. 29 P
visited Down House—LLiii 274. |
Parker,
Mary Susan, 1836-1893. |
|
Fifth child of Henry Parker
[I]. CD's niece. |
1866 |
Married Edward Mostyn Owen of
Woodhouse. |
Parker,
Marianne, see Darwin. |
Parker,
Robert, 1825-? |
|
First child of Henry Parker [I].
CD's
nephew. Story about his idleness—Barlow, Autobiography 33. |
Parkfield,
Staffordshire. |
1803
|
A cottage adjoining the Maer
Hall estate which Joe Wedgwood bought for his mother and two sisters.
|
until 1815
|
Home of Mrs
Josiah Wedgwood [I] until her death in 1815. |
1823
|
Home of Sarah Elizabeth W
[I] and her sister Catherine. When the latter died in 1823, Sarah
Elizabeth W
went to Camphill. |
1847
|
Sold with the estate.
|
[page] 228
|
|
Parle,
North Wales. |
1826 |
Oct. 30 CD visited on a riding
tour with his sister Caroline Sarah D. |
Parr
|
|
An old miserly squire of Lyth
near Shrewsbury. |
Parry |
|
A leading merchant at Montevideo. |
1833 |
CD Diary
pp. 82-3, 119. RF to CD. Parry's wife dies. Son, Robert, sent to
England
to
school, daughters sent to Buenos Aires—Keynes p. 72. |
Parslow,
Mrs, ?-1881. |
|
Married to J. P. Mrs
P was ED's personal maid before marriage. Later she ran a dressmaking
school. |
Parslow,
Joseph, 1809/1810-1898 Oct. 4. |
|
Hooker
described him as "an integral part of the family, and felt to be such
by all visitors to the house"—LLi 318. Known by the family as "the
venerable P" after "the aged Parslow" in Dickens' Great
expectations. Interview in D. S. Jordan, The days of a
man, i:273-274, New York 1922. Gravestone Downe churchyard:
1881 Jul. 17 aet. 86, wife died aet. 69. "The faithful Psi servant and
friend of Charles Darwin". |
|
The Parslows had one son who
"married
comfortably"—Darwin-Innes 251. |
circa 1840 |
Manservant at 12
Upper Gower St. |
1841-1842 |
Wages £25 per annum all found. |
by 1871 |
P was living out, at Home
Cottage, Back
Lane, Downe. |
until
1875 |
Butler at Down House. |
1881 |
Wages £60. |
1882 |
P was at CD's funeral, walking
in
procession with Jackson, behind the family mourners, then seated in
Jerusalem Chamber. |
after 1882
|
After CD's
death P had a pension of £50 per annum and the rent of his house. |
1885 |
P went to unveiling of CD statue
at British
Museum (Natural History). |
1893 |
"The little Parslows came to
tea",
presumably grandchildren. |
Parson,
Arthur |
|
Of Haslemere, Surrey. |
1880 |
Married Mabel Frances Wedgwood
s.p. |
Parsons,
Theophilus, 1797-1882. |
|
Barrister. Prof. Law
Harvard and Swedenborgian. EB. |
1860 |
P wrote on Origin in Silliman's
J.—LLii 331. |
Pasteur,
Louis, 1822-1882. EB. |
|
French chemist and
bacteriologist. |
1863 |
CD to Bentham, "I was struck
with infinite
admiration at his work"—LLiii 25. |
1869
|
Foreign Member RS. |
Patrick, Mrs
Camilla, see Ludwig. |
Patten,
John Wilson, Baron Winmarleigh, 1802-1892. |
|
Politician. DNB. |
1832-1874 |
Conservative MP. |
1874 |
1st Baron. |
1875 |
P
was member of Vivisection Commission to which CD gave evidence—LLiii
201. |
Pattle,
Julia Margaret, 1815-1879. |
|
Photographer. Sister of Mrs
Prinsep and Lady
Somers. Married Charles Hay Cameron. DNB. |
1868 |
CD with ED, Erasmus
Alvey D and Horace D, visited C at Freshwater, Isle of Wight. C
photographed CD, EAD and HD, but not ED. "She came to see us off and
loaded us with presents of photographs, and Erasmus called after her
'Mrs Cameron, there are six people in this house all in love with
you'"—LLiii 102. CD "I like this photograph very much better than any
other which has been taken of me"—LLiii 92. There are two versions: |
a: |
Profile facing right, which has
often been reproduced. |
b: |
Half-face facing left, which
does not seem to have ever been
reproduced. Authentic originals bear Mrs Cameron's signature
and Colnaghi's blind authentication stamp. |
Pattrick,
Francis, 1837-1896. |
|
Classical scholar.
Identification
uncertain. |
1876-1896 |
Magdalene College Cambridge,
President. |
1882 |
P was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Pawson, Iris Veronica, 1889-1982 .
|
|
Daughter
of
Albert Henry P. Married Ralph Lewis Wedgwood.
|
Payne,
Mr, see Paine. |
Paz,
La |
|
FR says 15 tons burthen "ugly
and ill built craft", "soaked with rancid seal oil".
|
1832 |
Sep. 11 Schooner hired from
James Harris for eight lunar
months by Fitz-Roy from James Harris, resident at Rio Negro, Argentine,
with schooner La Liebre. Commanded by Lieut. B. J.
Sulivan under Lieut. J. C. Wickham. Surveyed southeast coast
of
Argentine. |
[page] 229
|
|
Peacock,
George, 1791-1858. |
|
Anglican clergyman and
astronomer. P wrote to Henslow about post of naturalist on Beagle,
suggesting Jenyns and then suggesting CD. DNB. |
1818 |
FRS. |
1836-1858
|
Lowndean Prof. Astronomy
Cambridge. |
1839-1858
|
Dean of Ely. |
Peacocke,
Mr |
1837 |
P was present at interview of CD
by Rice about £1000 grant for publishing Zoology of Beagle—Darwin-Henslow
134. |
Pearce,
Mr |
|
Manservant to Erasmus Alvey D. |
1882 |
P
was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Pearson,
Mr |
|
Resident at Downe. |
1875 |
P was elected a
trustee of Downe Friendly Club—Darwin-Innes 242. |
Pearson,
Edward Hesketh, 1887-1964. |
|
Actor and biographer. Erasmus
D,
S. Galton and James Keir were his great-great-grandfathers. |
1930 |
Doctor Darwin, a
biography of Erasmus D [I]. |
"Peas"
|
1862 |
"Peas", Gardeners' Chronicle,
No. 45:1052
(Bii 70, F1719). |
Pellegrini,
Carlo, 1839-1889. |
|
Caricaturist. DNB. |
from 1869
|
P signed
most of his work "Ape" from 1869. |
1871 |
Caricature of CD called "Natural
selection", "Men of the Day", No. 33, Vanity Fair, Sep. 10,
not
signed "Ape". It occurred for commercial sale in two sizes 31 cm and
18 cm, the former better coloured. |
Pember,
Katherine, 1901-. |
|
Daughter of F. W. P. CD's
granddaughter-in-law. |
1925 |
Married Sir Charles
Galton Darwin. |
Penally,
near Tenby, South Wales. |
1846 |
Home of CD's
aunts
Frances Allen and her sister Mdme [Jessie] Simonde de
Sismondi. |
Pengelly,
William, 1812-1894. |
|
Geologist.
Explorer of Devon caves. DNB. |
1861 |
Jul. CD met at Torquay—LLii 376.
|
1863 |
FRS. |
Pennethorne,
Dean Parker, 1835-1894. |
|
Barrister of
Lincoln's Inn and School Inspector. WWH. |
1860 |
CD to P, acknowledging
letter on descent of man—Carroll 350. |
Pepper
|
|
A dog belonging to George Howard
D which bit
gardeners. P was taken over by William Erasmus D but bit gardener
again; then to Sir Leslie Stephen in London, where it bit
children; finally to Archbishop A. C. Tait at Addington
Palace, Surrey—Atkins 80. |
"Perception" |
1873 |
[Letter] "Perception in the
lower
animals", Nature, Lond., 7:360 (Bii 171, F1759), supporting a
letter from Wallace, ibid., 7:303, Zoologist,
8:3488-3489. |
Period
Piece |
1952 |
Period piece: a Cambridge
childhood, London, by Gwendolen Mary Raverat (née Darwin). The
most important source of
information on CD's children in their adult day-to-day lives, and on ED
in old age, written as through the eyes of G. M. R. as a child. A most
interesting and amusing book. |
[page] 230
|
|
Pernambuco,
Brazil. |
1836 |
Aug. 6-19 Beagle
at. CD visited old city of Olinda and studied the sandstone bar off the
harbour; now called Recife. |
1841 |
See
"Bar of sandstone off Pernambuco", Phil.
Mag.,
19:257-260 (Bi 139, F1659). |
Perristone,
or Perrystone, near Ross, Herefordshire. |
|
Home of William Clifford, family
friend of Wedgwood. |
1824-1848 |
Several family
letters are addressed from there. |
Pertz,
Miss Ann, 1856-? |
|
Daughter of Georg P. |
1877 |
Aug.
when visiting Down House, P drew a leaf of Trifolium resupinatum
for CD to send to Dyer—MLii 412 (with drawing). |
Pertz,
Chevalier Georg H. |
|
Royal Librarian Berlin. |
1854 |
Married Leonora Horner. 1
daughter
Ann. |
Peters,
Wilhelm Carl Hartwig, 1815-1883. |
|
German
palaeontologist. |
1878 |
P seconded CD's election as
Corresponding Member
of Koenlich-Preussische Akademie Berlin. |
Peterson,
John, 1787-? |
|
Quartermaster on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
35 years at
sea. Shetlander. |
Petley's
|
|
House at Luxted Rd, Downe, north
of Down House. The Petley family
came to Downe in the 13th century. |
1847-1856
|
Home of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood
[I] until her death. Leased from Sir John
Lubbock. |
Philippi,
Rudolph Amandus, 1808-1904. |
|
Prof. Natural
History Technical High School Cassel. |
1851 |
P sent fossil cirripedes to
CD. CD sent P Fossil cirripedes—Lychnos, 1948-1949:
206-210. |
Phillips, Mrs
|
1860 |
A resident at
Downe. |
1868 |
"Old Phillips" would not sell
land to Innes to build a vicarage
on, ? a farmer. Phillips of Orange Court, perhaps the son, would not
either. Orange Court seems to have been owned by a Mr
Harris—Darwin-Innes 205, 227. |
Phillips,
George Lort, ?-1866. |
|
Of Laurenny Park. |
1840 |
Married Isabella Georgina Allen.
|
Phillips,
Isabella Georgina, see Allen. |
Phillips,
John, 1800-1874. |
|
Geologist. |
1834 |
FRS. |
1854-1870 |
Keeper of Ashmolean Museum
Oxford. |
?1856 |
CD to P on foliation
and offers copies of three vols of geology of Beagle—Carroll
122. |
1858 |
P to CD, to tell him of award of
Wollaston Medal of
Geological Society. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition of Origin
to—Sollas, The age of the earth, 251-253, 1905, J. M.
Edmonds, Proc. Ashmol. Nat. Hist. Soc., for 1948-1950, 25-29,
1951. |
1859 |
P to CD, "the only true
definition of a species, any form which has ever had a specific
name"—MLi 127. |
1860 |
P gave Rede lectures at
Cambridge, anti-Origin, but very fair. Life on earth,
Cambridge 1860, contains substance of
Rede
lectures, CD wrote that they were "unreadably dull"—LLii 358. |
1869 |
P
sent CD his Vesuvius, Oxford 1869—Carroll 360. |
1870 |
CD to
Herschel, recommending that P be asked to revise 4th edition of Manual
of scientific enquiry, 1871, which he did—Carroll 384. |
Phillips,
Mary, 1822-1869.
|
1840
|
Married as first wife Darwin
Galton.
|
[page] 231
|
|
Philoperisteron
Club |
1855 |
A pigeon-fancy club of
which CD was a member—LLii 51. See also Columbarian. |
"Philos"
|
|
|
Philosophical
Club of Royal Society |
|
A dining club of forty-seven
members. It met on
Thursdays at 6pm and chair quitted at 8.15pm for members to attend
meetings of the Society. |
1847 |
Founded. |
1854 |
CD elected. |
1855 |
Dec. 20 CD attended. |
1864 |
CD resigned. |
"Phisty",
see Mephistopheles.
|
Physiological
Society |
1876 |
Founded, partly as a
result of the anti-vivisection movement. |
1876 |
Jun. 1 CD elected the
first, and at that time the only, Honorary Member—MLii 436. |
Piano |
1839 |
ED was given a piano from
Broadwoods by
her father, shortly after her marriage. It had belonged to Rev.
Thomas Stevens, who had married Caroline Tollet. |
1929 |
It was bought
for Down House, for £20, from the Positivist Society—Atkins 116. |
Pictet
de la Rive, François Jules, 1809-1872. |
|
Swiss
zoologist. |
1835-1859
|
Prof. Zoology Geneva. |
1860 |
P was courteously anti-Origin,
review in Arch. Sci. Bibliothèque Universelle, Mar.—LLii 184.
|
Pigeons
|
|
The races of domestic pigeon, Columba
livia, are extensively drawn on in Variation and CD kept
stocks himself as well as getting material from other breeders. CD was
a member of the Columbarian
and Philoperisteron Societies qq.v. |
1855 |
CD
to Hooker, "I love them to that extent that I cannot bear to kill and
skeletonize them"—MLi 87. |
1859 |
CD to Huxley, offering drawings
of
pigeons from his portfolio—MLi 130. |
Piggot,
Gwendoline Mary |
|
Eldest daughter of Rev.
E. V. P.
of Trentham. |
1902
|
Married Francis Hamilton
Wedgwood.
|
"Pinguicula"
|
1874 |
["Irritability of Pinguicula"],
Gardeners' Chronicle, 2:15 (Bii 187, F1767). |
Pinker,
Henry Richard Hope-, 1850-1927. |
|
Sculptor. Statue in
University Museum Oxford is by P, model for it at Down House. |
Pistyll
Rhaeadr, Denbigh, Wales. |
|
Waterfall.
|
1820 |
Jul.
CD and Erasmus Alvey D went on a riding tour from P. |
[page] 232
|
|
[Pitt-Rivers],
Alice Augusta Laurentia Lane Fox, see Fox, A. A. L.
L. |
Pitt-Rivers,
Augustus Henry Lane Fox, see Fox, A. H. L.
|
Plas
Edwards, near Towyn, Merioneth. |
1819 |
Jul. CD
went
on family holiday there for 3 weeks. |
Playfair,
Sir Lyon, Baron, 1818-1898. |
|
Chemist and
administrator. DNB. |
1845 |
Chemist to Geological Survey and
Prof. School of Mines London. |
1848 |
FRS. |
1868-1892 |
MP. |
1876 |
P visited Down House whilst
staying at High Elms in company of
Huxley, Morley and Gladstone. |
1883 |
KCB. |
1892 |
1st Baron. |
Plinian
Society of Edinburgh |
1823-circa
1848
|
1823 A student society
founded by R. Jameson, ended circa 1848. |
1826 |
R. E. Grant Secretary. |
1826-1827
|
Nov. 28 CD elected. He attended
eighteen out of a possible nineteen
meetings up until 1827 Apr. 3. |
1827 |
Mar. 27 CD made a communication
to
it, not "at beginning of the year 1826" as stated in Autobiography 39.
Title was: 1 That the ova of Flustra possess organs of
locomotion. 2 That the small black globular body hitherto mistaken for
the young of Fucus loreus is in reality the ovum of Pontobdella
muricata. CD was wrong in both these assertions; the "ova of Flustra"
were pilidium larvae, and the "ovum of Pontobdella" was an
egg case full of eggs. Barrett 1977 ii:285 gives a full transcript of
CD's original notes, now at Cambridge. |
1873 |
Title of communication
first printed in W. Elliot, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 11:1-42,
p. 17 footnote (F1764); also in Nature, Lond., 9:38. See
also 1888 Edinburgh weekly Dispatch, May 22; J. H.
Ashworth, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 55:97-113; 1949, P. H.
Jesperson, Lychnos, 159-167. |
Plymouth,
see Devonport. |
Pole,
Elizabeth Chandos, see Collier. |
Polish
|
|
First editions in: |
1873 |
Origin of species
(F739). |
1873 |
Expression of the emotions
(F1203). |
1874 |
Descent
of man (F1101). |
1888-1889 |
Variation under domestication
(F922). |
1891 |
Autobiography (F1529). |
1964 |
Cross and self fertilisation
(F1270). |
Pollock,
Sir Frederick, Bart, 1845-1937. |
|
Jurist. DNB. |
1882 |
Jan. 8 P came to Down House on a
"Sunday
tramp". |
1902 |
3rd Bart FBA. |
Pollock,
George Frederick,
1821-1915. |
|
Master of the King's Bench and
King's Remembrancer. |
1858 |
Read ms of Origin for
John Murray
and
advised printing of 1,000 copies, not 500 as Murray had
suggested—E. S. P. Haynes
1916 Aug. Cornhill Mag. 41 p. 233—Leonard D p.
57. |
Polly
|
|
A white rough-haired female fox
terrier,
which belonged to Henrietta Emma D. |
1870 |
ED to H. E. D. description of
behaviour
after her litter of puppies had been removed and illustration of
Haeckelian joke phylogeny—EDii 198. |
1871 |
Attached herself to CD when
H. E. D. married. |
1882 |
P was put down shortly after
CD's death and buried under the Kentish beauty apple tree in the
orchard. |
1927 |
A stuffed replica was placed in
the reconstructed old
study by Buckston Browne, curled up in her basket. It soon got moth and
was thrown
out—Atkins 115. |
[page] 233
|
|
Pomare
IV, 1827-1877. |
|
Queen of Tahiti. "Pomare" was a
lineal name, real name "Aimatta", meaning eye-eater. She signed
herself "Pomare Vahine", "vahine" meaning "woman"—Keynes p. 321.. |
1835 |
Nov. 25 P was entertained on
board Beagle. "A large awkward woman without any beauty,
grace or dignity"—J.
Researches,
1845, 416. |
Pontobdella
muricata |
|
Marine leech. |
1827 |
R. E. Grant Edinb. J. Sci.
7
pp. 160-2, acknowledges CD "my zealous young friend Mr Charles Darwin
of
Shrewsbury". ? first appearance in print. Precedeny of Sir John
Dalyell. |
Poole,
Dorset. |
1847 |
Jul. CD visited on way home from
family holiday at Swanage. |
Port,
Georgina Mary Ann, ?-1849. |
|
Mrs Waddington,
mother of Frances, Baroness de Bunsen. Grand-niece of Mrs
Delany. Mme D'Arbley described her as "the beautiful Miss
Port". P was a friend of the Allens, especially of Lancelot Baugh A—EDi
48. IJ. |
1817 |
Mrs Josiah Wedgwood to
her sister Emma Allen "the
inconceivable Mrs Waddington"—EDi 110. |
Port
Darwin, East Falkland Island. |
|
Named after CD. |
1834 |
Mar. 17 CD crossed the isthmus
near it. |
Port
Desire, see Deseado. |
Port
Famine, Patagonia. |
|
On Magellan Straits, south of
Punta Arenas. |
1834 |
Feb. 2-11, Jun. 1-8 Beagle
there. |
Port
Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. |
1836 |
Jan. 12 Beagle arrived
and anchored in Sydney Cove. |
Port
Louis, Berkeley Sound, East Falkland Island. |
1833 |
Mar. 1-Apr. 6 Beagle
at or near. |
1834 |
Mar. 10-Apr. 7 Beagle
at or near. |
Port Louis,
Mauritius. |
1836 |
Apr. 29-May 9 Beagle
at. CD made several short excursions. |
Porter,
George Richardson, 1792-1852. |
|
Statistician. DNB. |
1834- |
Secretary to the Board of Trade.
|
1849 |
CD went to British
Association meeting at Birmingham with P—LLi 378. |
Porter,
J. L. |
|
Science and revelation;
their distinctive
provinces. With review of the theories of Tyndall, Huxley, Darwin, and
Herbert Spencer. 33 pp, Belfast, William Mullen. |
Portmore,
Earl of, see Colyear. |
Porto
Praya, Santo Jago, Cape Verde Islands. |
1832 |
Jan. 17-Feb. 8 Beagle
at and CD landed. |
1836 |
Aug. 31-Sep. 5 Beagle
visited again. |
Portobello,
Edinburgh. |
1826 |
CD wrote a paper Zoological
walk to
Portobello, unpublished, perhaps intended for Plinian Society—CUL
Darwin Papers Box 5—Colp 1979 N.Y. State J. Med., Dec. 21 p.
36. |
Portsmouth,
Hampshire. |
1846 |
Sep. 12 CD visited on
way
to Isle of Wight on day trip from British Association meeting at
Southampton. |
1858 |
CD stopped at on way to family
holiday in Isle of
Wight. |
Portsmouth,
Earl of,
Newton Fellowes. |
Portuguese |
|
First editions in: |
1904 |
"Bar of sandstone
off Pernambuco" (F268). |
1910-1912 |
Descent of man (F1104). |
?192- |
Origin of species
(F743). |
Pouchet,
Felix Archimede, 1800-1872. |
|
French
biologist. |
1868 |
CD quotes in translation
"variation under domestication throws no
light on the natural modification of species". A review of Variation
in Athenaeum, Feb. 15 refers. |
[page] 234
|
|
Poulton,
Sir Edward Bagnall, 1856-1943. |
|
Entomologist. Specialist on
mimicry in butterflies and author of many
papers on evolution. DNB. See also
G. W. Sleeper. |
1935 |
Kt. |
1889 |
FRS. |
1893-1933
|
Hope Prof. Zoology (Entomology)
Oxford. |
1908 |
Essays on evolution,
Oxford. |
1909 |
Charles
Darwin and the Origin of species, London. |
Pour
le Mérite |
1867 |
CD awarded this Prussian Order. |
Powell,
Rev. Baden, 1796-1860. |
|
Mathematician. Father of Lord
Baden Powell, Chief Scout. Correspondent of CD and important
critic of evolution. DNB. |
1824 |
FRS. |
1827-1860
|
Savilian
Prof. Geometry Oxford. |
1855 |
Essays on the spirit of
inductive
philosophy, London, is referred to in Historical sketch in 3rd
edition of Origin, 1861. |
1861 |
Article by P pro-natural
selection in Essays and reviews, London;
quotation from, 138-139—MLi 174. |
Powell,
Rev. Henry, 1869-1871. |
|
P was Curate at Downe,
known as "Mr Punch"—Darwin-Innes 230. |
Power
of Movement in Plants |
|
See
also "The movements of leaves" and "Movements of Plants".
|
1880 |
The
power of movement in plants, London, two-line errata slip p. x,
assisted by Francis D (F1325). |
1880 |
2nd
thousand, errata corrected (F1326). |
1882 |
3rd
thousand, preface slightly altered (F1328). |
1966 |
Facsimile of 1st edition
(F1339). |
1969 |
Facsimile of 2nd
thousand (F1340). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1881 |
German (F1343), USA (F1327). |
1882 |
Russian (F1349). |
1884 |
Italian (F1347). |
1970 |
Romanian (F1348). |
Prehistoric
Europe |
1881 |
James Geikie, Prehistoric
Europe, a geological sketch, London (F1351), extracts from two
letters from CD 141-142. Published late in 1880, although dated 1881. |
Prestwich,
Sir Joseph, 1812-1896. |
|
Geologist and
wine merchant. DNB. |
1853 |
FRS. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st edition Origin
to. |
1859 |
CD to Lyell, "I wish
there was any chance of Prestwich being shaken; but I fear he is too
much of a catastrophist"—Carroll 181. |
1874-1888 |
Prof. Geology Oxford. |
1896
|
Kt. |
Prévost,
Adèle, 1803-1881. |
1828 |
Married Edward Simcoe
Drewe. |
Preyer,
Thierry William, (USA)
1841-1897. |
|
(William Thierry BL.)
Physiologist and
child psychologist.
|
1862 |
P wrote
dissertation on great auk, Alca impennis, along darwinian
lines, almost the earliest piece of special work based on Origin—LLiii
16. |
1868 |
Mar. 31 CD to P, that he is glad
to hear that P is pro-Origin—LLiii
88. |
1869-1888 |
Prof. Physiology Jena.
|
1879 |
Feb. P compiled a list of
darwinian papers in Gratulationsheft
number of Kosmos for CD's 70th birthday. |
[page] 235
|
|
Price,
James |
circa
1882- |
Butler at Down House. |
1891 |
ED "Parslow wants me to raise
Price's wages again"—Atkins 74. |
Price,
John 1803-1887. |
|
Son of James
Botanist. P sent CD Utricularia
from Cheshire for Insectivorous plants. P, priest of Pwllcrochan, Denbigh. Welsh scholar, naturalist and
teacher. At Shrewsbury School with Erasmus
Alvey D.
|
1826 |
BA Cambridge. |
1826-1827 |
Master at Shrewsbury; private
tutor
at Chester—Brent p. 28. |
1874 |
CD to P,
thanking for sending Utricularia—Carroll 445, who identifies
P as Bartholomew, 1818-1898. |
Price,
Mrs Sara |
|
Robert D's housekeeper—Brent p.
18. |
Price,
Thomas |
|
Outdoor man at Down House. Known
as "The Dormouse". Said to be a deserter from the army. Drank too much
beer. Unmarried. Died young—FD Springtime p. 57, Bernard D p.
14. |
Prichard,
James Cowles, 1786-1848. |
|
Physician and
ethnologist. Physician to Bristol Infirmary. DNB. |
1813,
1826 |
Some hesitant
ideas about evolution in Physical history of mankind, 2nd
edition,
1826. |
1827 |
FRS. |
1844 |
CD to Hooker—LLii 29, MLi 43
refer. |
1897,
1908
|
Poulton, Sci. Progress,
1, Apr. 1897, and Essays on
evolution, 1908, 173-192, stresses importance of 2nd edition. |
Primula
|
1862 |
"On the two forms, or dimorphic
condition, in the species of Primula, and on their remarkable
sexual relations", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.),
6:77-96
(Bii
45, F1717). |
|
French translation of this paper
with CD's "On Catasetum" and
"On Linum" Ann. Sci.
Nat.
Bot., 19:204-295 (F1723). |
1868 |
"On
the specific differences between Primula veris, Brit. Fl.
(var. officinalis of Linn.), P. vulgaris Brit. Fl.
(var. acaulis, Linn.) and P. elatior Jacq.; and on
the hybrid nature of the common oxslip. With supplementary remarks on
naturally produced hybrids in the genus Verbascum",
J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 10:437-454 (F1744). |
1874 |
"Flowers of the
primrose destroyed by birds", Nature, Lond., 9:482, 10:24-25
(Bii 183, 184, F1770, 1771). |
Pringsheim,
Nathanael, 1823-1894. |
|
German botanist. |
1878 |
P seconded CD's election to
Koenlich-Preussische Akademie as
Corresponding Member—LLiii 224. |
Pritchard, Rev.
Charles, 1808-1893. |
|
Astronomer and
educationalist. All CD's [surviving] sons,
except William Erasmus D, went to this school, but only George and
Francis were taught by P. DNB. |
1834-1862
|
Founder and Headmaster of
Clapham Grammar
School. |
1840 |
FRS. |
1870 |
Savilian Prof. Astronomy
Oxford. |
Pritchard,
George |
|
Missionary at Papiete, Tahiti. |
1835 |
Nov. CD met
and attended his church on Nov. 22. |
1837-1844 |
British Consul in Tahiti. |
1844-1857 |
In Samoa. |
Proctor,
George, ?-1858. |
|
Cambridge friend of CD.
|
1831 |
Christ's College BA. |
1834 |
Jul. 20 CD to Catherine D re—CD
and Beagle pp. 100-4—Keynes
p. 218. |
1846-1858 |
Vicar of Stroud, Gloucestershire. |
Prothero,
Sir George Walter, 1848-1922. |
|
Historian. Cambridge friend
of CD's sons. DNB. |
1872-1896 |
Fellow of King's College
Cambridge. |
1882 |
P was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's
funeral. |
1903 |
P drew Francis D's attention to
Baden Powell's article in
favour of natural selection in Essays and reviews,
1861, 138-139; quotation from it—MLi 174. |
1920 |
KBE FBA. |
[page] 236
|
|
Pryor,
Marlborough Robert, 1848-1920. |
|
Fellow of Trinity College
Cambridge. Man of
business. Cambridge friend of CD's sons. |
?1871 |
CD to P giving views on
Mivart—Sotheby 1983 Mar. 28.
item 143. |
1882 |
P was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Public
natural history collections |
1858 |
Public
natural history collections. Copy of a memorial addressed to the Right
Honourable the Chancellor of the Exchequer [Benjamin Disraeli], no
place, no publisher; signed by CD and eight others (F371). |
Pucklands,
Great and Little |
|
Two fields to west of
Down House, 19½ acres together. Great Pucklands was known as "Stoney
field" by the Ds. |
1931 |
Bought by Buckston Browne. Royal
College of Surgeons research station built on Little P. B gave
£100,000, of which £83,000 was invested after purchase and building. |
Pugh,
Miss |
1856-1857
|
Governess at Down House for
about a year. Replaced Miss Thorley.
|
|
P later went mad and was in an
asylum, paid for by Sir
John Hawkshaw whose children she had taught. CD paid £30 a year for her
to have a holiday. |
1866 |
ED visited P—EDii 185. |
1885
|
P was alive in 1885. |
"Pumilio
argyrolepis" |
1861 |
"Notes on the achenia of Pumilio
argyrolepis [an orchid]", Gardeners' Chronicle, No.
1:4-5
(Bii
36, F1709). |
Pulleine,
Robert, 1806-1868. |
|
Cambridge friend of CD. |
1845-1868
|
Rector of
Kirkby-Wiske, Wensleydale, where Fox visited him. |
"Punch,
Mr" |
|
Nickname for Henry Powell. |
Punta Alta |
|
CD found fossils here.
|
Puy, see
Du Puy. |
Pyt House,
Wiltshire. |
1866 |
Home of Charles Langton. |
[page 237]
Q
|
|
Quatrefages
de Bréau, Jean Louis Armand de,
1810-1892. |
|
French naturalist. |
1859 |
CD sent 1st
edition Origin to Q. |
1867 |
CD to Q, about French
translation
of Origin—MLi 201. |
1868 |
CD to Stainton, CD had written
to Q
about silkmoths—FUL 109. |
1869 |
Q to CD, opposes CD on
evolution, but
hopes that their differences of opinion will never alter their good
relationship—Carroll 368, 379, 382. |
1870 |
Charles Darwin et ses
précurseurs Français: étude sur la transformisme, Paris. |
1879 |
Foreign Member RS. |
Queen
Anne Street, Cavendish Square, London. |
1859 |
No. 14. Miss
G. Tollet there in Apr. |
|
No. 31 Hensleigh Wedgwood's
house. |
1852- |
No. 57,
later No. 6, house of CD's brother Erasmus Alvey D. |
Queries
about expression |
|
These queries were
distributed by CD, probably originally in mss to people in contact with
primitive races, to discover what expressions were used in different
circumstances. See also 1972 Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.),
hist. Ser., 4:205-219: 1975 J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist.,
7:259-263. |
|
They were printed as follows: |
1. |
1867 [No copy known],
title probably Queries about expression for anthropological enquiry,
Cambridge or Boston, Mass., printed for Asa Gray before Mar. 26, fifty
copies (F871); this was the first edition anywhere, see No.
4. |
2. |
1867 "Signs of emotion among the
Chinese", Notes and Records
for China and Japan, 1:105, Aug. 31, anonymous, submitted by
Robert Swinhoe from mss received from CD (F872). |
3. |
1867 Queries
about expression, single sheet, [?London], printed for CD late in
the year (F873). No. 3 is printed
in
all editions of Expression, 1873-, in which the answers are
analysed. |
4. |
1868 "Queries about expression
for anthropological
enquiry", Rep. Smithson. Instn, for 1867; [324], text perhaps
that of No. 1 and perhaps printed from a copy (F874). |
Query
to Army Surgeons |
1862 |
CD circulated a
questionnaire to army surgeons about health of troops in the tropics.
No copy known (F799), but text is printed in Descent,
i:244-245. |
[page] 238
|
|
Questions
about the Breeding of Animals |
|
See also
J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 5220-225, 1969. |
[1839] |
8
pp, [London], probably late Apr., certainly before May 5 (F262). |
[1840] |
Facsimile 1968, wrongly
dated (F263). |
Questions
for Mr Wynne |
|
An earlier set of questions
in mss about the breeding of animals. Transcribed by Paul H. Barrett in
Howard E. Gruber, Darwin on man, 423-425, 1974 (F1582). |
Quiz
|
|
A dog belonging to John Innes. |
1862 |
Jan. taken
over by Down House. |
1862 |
May Q was shot for biting. |
[page 239]
R
|
|
Rade,
Emil |
|
Of Münster. |
1877 |
R sent CD a
photographic album of 154 German scientists for his 68th birthday. R
originated the idea. The album is finely bound and title page decorated
by A.
Fitger who also contributed a dedicatory poem. |
1877 |
Feb. 16 CD thanks R and
writes to Haeckel on the subject—LLiii 225-226. |
"Rain"
|
1863 |
"Yellow rain", Gardeners'
Chronicle,
No. 28:675 (Bii 81, F1727). |
Rain,
Miss |
1927 |
Headmistress of an unsuccessful
girls school at Down House for a brief period. The British Association
bought out the remainder of her lease. |
Rájon,
Paul Adolph, 1842/1843-1888.
|
1875 |
R engraved
on copper the Ouless portrait of CD. |
Raleigh,
Sir Walter, 1861-1922. |
|
English scholar. DNB. |
1881 |
Oct. CD and ED took tea with R
in Cambridge. |
1911 |
Kt. |
Ralfs,
John, 1807-1890. |
|
Surgeon and botanist. R
lived at Penzance, Cornwall, and sent CD Pinguicula for Insectivorous
plants from there. DNB. |
Ramsay,
Sir Andrew Crombie, 1814-1891. |
|
Geologist. Biography: A. Geikie
1895. DNB. |
1846 |
CD to
Lyell, R was in favour of sudden elevations. CD scoffs—MLii 120. |
circa 1850 |
R visited Down House for
weekend—Carroll 69. |
1856 |
CD "talking with
Ramsay about subsidence and the origin of continents and oceans"—LLii
77. |
1859 |
CD sent R copy of 1st edition of
Origin. |
1859 |
CD to
Lyell, "I infer from a letter from Huxley that Ramsay is a convert"—MLi
137. |
1862 |
FRS. |
1871- |
Director General Geological
Survey. |
1881 |
Kt. |
Ramsay,
Marmaduke, 1799-1831. |
|
Fifth son of Sir
Alexander R, brother of Sir
Andrew R. Cambridge friend of CD
and tutor at Jesus. R intended to go on a projected trip to
Canaries with CD when
he died. |
Ramsgate,
Kent. |
1850 |
Oct. 18 CD visited for the day
from Hartfield, Sussex. |
Ransome,
George |
|
Agricultural instrument maker of
Ipswich. |
1849 or 1850 |
R commissioned set of 60
Ipswich Museum portraits for British Association meeting there in 1851.
CD to R,
happy to promote R's project and subscribes £1 towards portrait of "the
Bishop". There are two bishops in the set, both of Norwich, Edward
Stanley, died Sep. 1849, and Samuel Hinds, appointed Oct. 1849—Carroll
81. |
1850 |
R gave CD a set which includes
CD by T. H. Maguire. |
[page] 240
|
|
"Ras"
|
|
Family nickname for Erasmus
Alvey D; also for
Erasmus D [III]. |
"Rats"
|
1879 |
[Letter] "Rats and water casks",
Nature,
Lond., 19:481 (Bii 218, F1785), supporting a letter from Arthur
Nichols, ibid., 19:433. |
Rattan,
Volney, 1814-1915. |
|
Californian schoolmaster and
botanist. Letters with CD on germination of Echinocystis—1881
Movement
in plants p. 82. |
Raverat,
Gwendolen Mary, see Darwin. |
Raverat,
Jacques, ?-1925. |
|
Belgian. Artist. |
1911 |
Married Gwendolen
Mary Darwin. At least 2 daughters. |
Raverat,
Sophie |
|
Daughter of Gwen and Jacques.
|
1980
|
Mrs Gurney, formerly Pryor.
|
Ray
Club, see Cambridge Ray Club. |
Ray
Society |
1844 |
Instituted, for the publication
of
biological monographs. |
1851,
1854 |
Published CD's Monograph of
the
sub-class Cirripedia, two vols. |
1856 |
CD to Hooker, "I profited so
enormously by its publishing my Cirripedia, that I cannot quite agree
with you on confining it to translations"—MLi 94. |
Rayleigh,
Baron, see Strutt. |
Reade,
Thomas Mellard, 1832-1909. |
|
Geologist. |
1881 |
R
wrote to CD about the success of Worms—LLiii 217. |
1881 |
CD to
Hooker, about R's views on permanence of continents—LLiii 247. |
Reade,
William Winwood, 1838-1875. |
|
Traveller and
controversialist.
CD sent Queries about expression to—Carroll 371. |
?1869 |
R gave CD information on Africa
for Expression. |
1872 |
The
martyrdom of man, London. |
Real Accademia
dei Lincei |
1875 |
CD Foreign Member. |
Reale
Accademia della Scienze, Turin. |
1879 |
CD received
their Bressa Prize of 12,000 francs. |
Recife,
see Pernambuco. |
Recollections
of my mind and character, see
"Autobiography". |
Reed,
Rev. George Varenne, 1816-1886. |
|
Anglican
clergyman. R was tutor to George,
Francis, Leonard and Horace D before they went to Clapham Grammar
School. |
1854-1886 |
Rector of Hayes, Kent. |
1859 |
R gave CD a cutting of
"carrion-smelling Arum"—J. R.
Moore, Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 32:51-70, 1977. |
1882 |
R
was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Reeve,
Mrs |
1849 |
CD travelled by coach to British
Association meeting at Birmingham with—LLi 378. |
[page] 241
|
|
Reeves
|
|
The family ran the blacksmith's
forge at
Downe, grandfather, father and, in 1951, son. ?Successors to "Old M"
q.v. |
Regent
Street, London. |
1833 |
No. 24 home of Erasmus
Alvey D. |
Reinwald,
Charles Ferdinand, 1812-? |
1873 on
|
Publishers of Paris; published
1st
French editions of eleven of CD's books, as well as editions of Origin
from 1873 onwards, also Life and letters, 1888. |
Rejlander,
Oscar Gustave |
|
Professional photographer of
London. |
circa 1870 |
R photographed CD. |
1882 |
Steel engraving of R's
photograph
by C. H. Jeens is frontispiece to Charles Darwin: memorial notices,
London, which had appeared in Nature, Lond., Jun. 4, 1874. |
"Religious
Views |
"1871 |
"Letter from Mr. Darwin [on
religious views]", Index, 2:404 (Bii 167, F1753). The letter
addressed to Dr F. E. Abbott. |
Rendel,
Emily, 1840-1921. |
|
Daughter of James Meadows R, FRS.
|
1866 |
Married Clement Wedgwood. |
Renous,
Mr |
|
German collector of insects etc. |
1834 |
Sep. 13 CD met at
Yaquil, near Nancagua, house of Mr Nixon, an American who owned a gold
mine there—Diary pp. 245-8—Keynes p. 236. |
Reviews
|
1887
|
The best list of reviews of CD's
works is
that of J. P. Anderson, 1887 q.v. |
1958
|
A. Ellegård 1958, surveys
reviews in
the press, in relation to popular rather than scientific opinion, in
great detail with full reference. The largest collection of reviews published is on Darwin Online. |
Reynolds,
Caroline
|
|
Aunt of Maud du Puy. Married R.
C. Jebb.
|
"Rhadamanthus
Minor" |
1863 |
Nickname for Henrietta Emma
D, given by Huxley. "Mr. Huxley used to laugh at for the severity of
her criticisms"—MLi 238. R son of Zeus and Europa, one of the judges of
the underworld. |
Rhea
|
|
The correct name for Rhea
darwini is Pterocnemia pennata. |
1837 |
["Notes on Rhea americana
and Rhea
darwini"], Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Part V, No. 51:35-36,
follows John Gould's original description of R. darwini (Bi
38, F1643). |
Rhinoceros
Tree, see Elephant tree. |
Rhodes,
Francis, later Darwin, 1825-1920. |
1849 |
Married Charlotte Maria Cooper
D. |
1850 |
R inherited Elston under will
of his
brother-in-law, Robert Alvey D, and changed his name. |
1882 |
R
was present at CD's funeral as head of the senior branch of D family. |
Rice,
Thomas Spring [I], 1790-1866. |
|
Statesman. DNB. |
1835-1839 |
Chancellor of the Exchequer. |
1837 |
Aug. R authorized £1000 grant
for publishing scientific results of Beagle
voyage. |
1839 |
1st Baron
Monteagle of Brandon. |
Rice,
Thomas Spring [II], 1849-1926. |
|
Cambridge friend of CD's sons.
Irish resident landlord,
of Foynes, Co. Limerick. WWH. |
1882 |
R was on "Family Friends
invited" list
for CD's funeral. |
1909 |
3rd Baron
Monteagle. |
Rich,
Anthony, ?1803-1891. |
|
Chapel Croft, Heene,
Worthing, Sussex. Honorary Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge. |
1878 |
Dec. R
made a will leaving nearly all his property to CD, on death of himself,
then 74, and his sister; at that time it included some property in
Cornhill, London, with income above £1000. |
1879, 1881
|
1879 May 6 and 1881 Sep. 8
CD
visited R at Worthing. |
1882 |
CD to R about success of Worms.
|
1882 |
After CD's death R left his
estate to the children, except house
and contents which went to Huxley who immediately sold it. Final value
of estate about £3000. R was no relation and the gift was in
recognition
of
CD's contribution to science. |
[page] 242
|
|
Rich,
Claudius James, 1786-1821. |
|
Orientalist. East India Company
resident at Baghdad. |
1807
|
Married Mary Mackintosh s.p. |
1821 |
Oct. 4 died at
Shiraz of cholera. |
Rich,
Mary, see Mackintosh. |
Richardson,
Sir Benjamin Ward, 1828-1896. |
|
Physician. DNB. |
1867 |
FRS. |
1876 |
CD to Romanes, R's letter to Nature
is
capital. "Experimentation on animals for the advancement of practical
medicine", Nature, Lond., 14:148-152. |
1893 |
Kt. |
Richmond,
George, 1809-1896. |
|
Artist. RA. Especially
portrait painter in water colour. |
1839 |
Mar. water colour by R,
unsigned, of CD, painted in London, note on back says 1840 Mar. Pencil
sketch for this found in Botany School Cambridge 1929. |
1839 |
Water
colour of ED—EDii 31, 33 refer. |
Richmond,
Sir William Blake, 1842-1921. |
|
Son of George R. Artist. DNB. |
1879
Jun. |
CD sat for him in LL.D. robes,
exhibited RA 1881. £400 subscribed by members of Cambridge
Philosophical Society, in whose rooms it now is. |
1881 |
CD and ED went
to see it in the Society's Library, "the red picture, and I thought it
quite horrid, so fierce and so dirty"—EDii 248. Francis D "according to
my own view, neither the attitude nor the expression are characteristic
of my father"—LLiii 222. |
1895 |
RA. |
1897 |
KCB. |
Richter, Hans,
1843-1914. |
|
Hungarian pianist and
conductor. |
1881 |
May, R visited Down House—LLiii
223. R wrote of his
visit in Neue Tagblatt, Wien, republished in O. Zacharias, Charles
R. Darwin, Berlin 1882. |
Ridge,
The |
|
House at Hartfield, near
Tunbridge
Wells,
Sussex, on border of Ashdown Forest. Quarter of a mile from Hartfield
Grove, home of Charles
Langton. |
1849-1868 |
Home of Sarah Elizabeth
Wedgwood
[II]. |
Ridgemount
|
|
House at Bassett, North
Stoneham,
Southampton, Hampshire. |
1862-1892
|
Home of William Erasmus D. |
Ridley,
C. |
1878 |
CD to R, about Dr E.
B.
Pusey and evolution, a stern letter "Dr. Pusey's attack will be as
powerless to retard by a day the belief in evolution"—LLiii 235. |
[page] 243
|
|
Riley,
Charles Valentine, 1843-1895. |
|
Entomologist. |
1868 |
State Entomologist to Missouri. |
1871 |
CD to R, "our Parliament would
think any man
mad who should propose to appoint a State Entomologist"—MLii 385. |
1875 |
CD to Weismann, R supports
Weir's views on
caterpillars—MLi 357. |
1878-1894
|
Entomologist to US Department of
Agriculture. |
Ring
|
|
?A villager at
Downe—Darwin-Innes 212. |
?1862 |
R's wife ill. |
Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil. |
1832 |
Apr. 4 Beagle
arrived at. |
|
Apr. 8-23 CD travelled inland. |
|
Jul. 5 Beagle left. |
Rio
Negro [I], Patagonia, Argentina. |
1833 |
Aug. 11 Beagle
at. CD travelled from there overland, about 850 km, to Buenos Aires,
arriving Sep. 20. |
Rio
Negro [II], Entre Rios, Uraguay. |
1833 |
Nov. 22-26
CD stayed with Mr Keen at his estancia on rio Beguelo, a
tributary, and collected fossils nearby. |
Ritchie,
Lady, see Anne Isabella Thackeray. |
Ritchie,
Sir Richmond Thackeray Willoughby,
1854-1912. |
|
Civil Servant. Married Anne
Isabella Thackeray, his
father's first cousin. DNB. |
1882 |
R was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for
CD's funeral. |
1907 |
KCB. |
Rivers,
A. A. L. L. Pitt-, see
Fox, A. A. L. L.
|
Rivers,
A. H. L. F. Pitt-, see
Fox, A. H. L.
|
Rivers, Thomas,
1798-1877. |
|
Nurseryman, of
Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire. R is repeatedly referred to in Variation.
DNB. |
?1866 |
CD to R, on bud variation—MLi
275.
|
?1866 |
CD to R, on plant variation in
general—LLiii 57. |
1874 |
CD to Newton, R
had reported great increase in number of birds in his garden—N&R
47. |
Riviere,
Briton, 1840-1920. |
|
Painter. RA. |
1870 |
CD
sent copy of J. Researches to R. |
Robarts &
Co. |
|
Bankers. CD drew bills on his
father's account
through R whilst on Beagle voyage. |
Roberts
|
|
Sealer. Pilot to Stokes in La
Liebre. Friend of James
Harris. Lived at Del Carmen on Rio Negro. A very large man who was used
to trim the boat "he did harm one day by going up to look out, and
breaking the mast"—RF Narrative
2, pp. 120-22; D and Beagle p. 75. |
Robertson,
George Croom, 1842-1892. |
|
Philosopher. |
1866- |
Prof. Mental Philosophy
University College London. |
1877 |
Apr. CD
sent R his mss Biographical sketch of an infant, as editor of Mind,
with explanatory letter—LLiii 234. |
1882 |
Jan. CD to Romanes, indicating
that R was involved in helping Grant Allen in his financial
difficulties—Carroll 612. |
Robinson,
Harold |
|
With his brother Samuel R
picture framers and
restorers of St John's Wood, London. Worked for Sir George
Buckston Browne. |
1929 |
Rs moved into Down House as
assistants. |
|
Harry returned to Wimpole St, to
look after B and to Hayes,
Middlesex on B's death. |
Robinson,
John |
1868 |
Curate at Downe, unsatisfactory
and
walking at night with village girls, among whom was Esther West.
|
1868 |
Sep. Esther's mother had
forbidden him to visit the cottage. Brent p. 460.
|
1870 |
R was Curate at Bearstead,
Kent—Darwin-Innes 223, 226. |
[page] 244
|
|
Robinson,
Samuel, ?-1958. |
|
With his brother Harold R
picture framers and
restorers of St John's Wood, London. Worked for Sir George
Buckston Browne. Father of Sydney R.
|
1929
|
Rs moved into Down House as
assistants. |
1955-1958 |
Samuel became custodian of Down
House 1955
until death in 1958. |
Robinson,
Sydney |
|
Son of Samuel R. |
1958-1975
|
Custodian of Down
House from his father's death. |
Robinson,
Rev. Thomas Romney, 1792-1882. |
|
Astronomer. Director of Armagh
observatory. DNB. |
1846 |
CD met R at British
Association meeting, Southampton. |
1849 |
CD met R at British Association
meeting, Birmingham, where R was President. |
1856 |
FRS. |
"Rock
seen on an iceberg" |
1839 |
"Note on a rock seen on
an iceberg in 61° South latitude", J. Geogr. Soc., 9:528-529
(Bi
137, F1652). |
Rodwell,
John Medows, 1808-1900. |
|
Orientalist. R was nephew of
William Kirby, entomologist. Cambridge contemporary of CD. DNB. |
1843 |
Rector of St Ethelburga's,
Bishopsgate, London. |
1860 |
R to
CD, about Origin. Francis D footnote "My father remembers him
saying 'It strikes me that all our knowledge about the structure of our
earth is very much like what an old hen would know about a hundred acre
field, in a corner of which she is scratching'"—LLii 348. |
Rogers,
Henry Darwin, 1809-1866. |
|
Born in USA. Geologist. Prof.
Geology Glasgow. |
1858 |
FRS. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, 'He goes
very far with us'—LLii 291. |
Rolfe,
Robert Monsey, 1790-1868. |
|
Judge and
statesman. DNB. |
1850 |
1st Baron Cranworth. |
1852 |
Lord Chancellor. |
1865 |
R lived at Holwood, near Downe. |
Rolle,
Friedrich, 1827-1887. |
|
Palaeontologist and dealer in
fossils. |
1862,
1863
|
1863 Darwin's Lehre von der
Enstehung der Arten p. iv thanks CD
for "briefliche Ausdruck". Parts 4 in 3 dated 1862. |
Rolleston,
George, 1829-1881. |
|
Comparative anatomist. |
1860-1881 |
Prof. Anatomy and Physiology
Oxford. |
1861 |
CD had
heard R speak at Linnean Society. |
1862 |
FRS. |
1871 |
CD to Busk, R had pointed out
error about supracondyloid foramen in 1st issue of Descent—Carroll
387. |
1875 |
R to CD, on primitive man—MLii
46. |
Romanes,
George John, 1848-1894. |
|
Biologist. R worked at
University College London
and at Oxford. Biography: Ethel Romanes
(wife) 1896. DNB. |
|
R was the most important of
CD's younger
biological friends, frequent correspondent and more than once at Down
House. Francis D records a conversation with R telling of a discussion
with CD about recognition of natural beauty and its relation to natural
selection—LLiii 54. Most CD-R letters are at American Philosophical
Society
and printed in Carroll. |
1873 ?1874 |
Dec. 7 CD would like to meet R
and asks to
lunch—Carroll 453, 454 (dated ?1874). |
1874 |
CD first met R in London—Life
of Romanes 13. |
1874 |
CD to R, 'How glad I am that
you are so young'—Life of Romanes 14. |
1874 |
CD introduces R to
Hooker—Carroll 456, 457. |
1874 |
R to CD, on disuse of organs—MLi
352. |
1877 |
CD to R, pleased to propose R
for Royal Society—Carroll 503. |
1877 |
CD to R, astonished that R has
not been elected—Carroll 509. |
1878 |
CD to
R, 'Frank says you ought to keep an idiot, a deaf mute, a monkey, and a
baby in your house'—MLii 49. |
1879 |
FRS. |
1879 |
Married Ethel Duncan. 5 sons, 1
daughter. |
1880 |
Dec. 17 'I have now got a
monkey.
Sclater let me choose one from the Zoo'—Life of Romanes
105. |
1881 |
Apr. CD to R, about letter from
Frances Cobbe on vivisection in The
Times—LLiii 206. |
1882 |
R was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for
CD's funeral. |
1882 |
Animal intelligence,
London (F1416),
contains many extracts from CD's notes. |
1883 |
Mental evolution in
animals, London (F1434), contains CD's essay on instinct, 355-384. |
1890 |
Worked at Oxford. |
1892-1897 |
Darwin and after Darwin,
3 vols, London. |
1893 |
An
examination of Weismannism, London. |
[page] 245
|
|
Romanian
|
|
First editions in: |
1950 |
Origin of species
(F746). |
1958 |
Journal of
researches (F225). |
1962 |
Autobiography (F1532). |
1963 |
Variation
under domestication (F924). |
1964 |
Fertilisation
of orchids (F824). |
1964 |
Cross and self fertilisation
(F1271). |
1965 |
Insectivorous
plants. (F1243). |
1965 |
Different forms of flowers
(F1361). |
1967 |
Descent of man (F1106).
|
1967 |
Expression of the emotions
(F1205). |
1970 |
Climbing plants (F864).
|
1970 |
Movement
in plants (F1348). |
Römer,
Ferdinand, 1818-1891. |
|
Prof. Mineralogy and
Geology Breslau. CD sent R Fossil
cirripedes—Lychnos, 1948-1949:206-210. |
1851 |
R sent fossil cirripedes to CD. |
Romilly,
Caroline, ?-1830. |
1870 |
Married Lancelot Baugh
Allen as first wife. |
"Roots"
|
1882 |
"The action of carbonate of
ammonia on
the roots of certain plants", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.),
19:239-261
(Bii 236, F1800). |
Rorison,
Gilbert, 1821-1861. |
|
Episcopalian clergyman
of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. |
1861 |
Anonymous author of The
three
barriers: notes on Mr. Darwin's 'Origin of species', Aberdeen,
preface signed G. R., anti-evolution. The barriers are the
breast,
the backbone and the brain. |
1862 |
CD to Huxley, '(a theological
hash of
the old abuse of me), Owen gives the author a new resumé of his brain
doctrine'—MLii 341. |
Rosas, Juan
Manuel, 1793-1877. |
|
Cattle rancher and
Dictator of Argentine. CD met at Southampton. |
1833 |
R helped CD with horses and safe
conducts on inland
journeys—J. Researches. |
1834 |
CD to E. Lumb 'The Caesar-like
Rosas'—J. H. Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360, 1975. |
1852 |
R
was overthrown and retired to Swaythling, Hampshire. |
[page] 246
|
|
Rose,
Sibyl |
1917 |
Married C. J. Wharton Darwin. |
Ross,
Captain John Clunies (1786-1854) |
|
Merchant navy captain. |
1827 |
Proprietor of Cocos Keeling
Islands, arrived 1827, living on Direction
Island. |
1833 |
Apr. 3 CD at Cocos Keeling
Islands but R was away and they did not meet. |
until 1986
|
Clunies Ross V was last
proprietor
under Australian Government. |
Rothenstein,
Sir William, 1872-1945. |
|
Artist. |
1909 |
Bronze medallion of CD by R
shown at Christ's College
Cambridge anniversary exhibition. |
1931 |
Kt. |
Rothrock,
Joseph Trimble, 1839-1922. |
|
American
botanist. R answered CD's queries for Expression on American
Indians. |
1862 |
CD to Gray, refers to R's work
on Houstonia—Darwin-Gray
43. |
Roux,
Wilhelm, 1850-1934. |
|
German embryologist. |
1881 |
R sent CD a copy of his Der
Kampf der Thiele, 1881. CD to
Romanes, thought the book important, especially on the struggle of cell
against cell within the body—LLiii 244. |
Rowlands,
Moelwyn Jones, see Darwin's notebooks. |
Rowlett,
George, 1796-1834. |
|
On 1st voyage in Adventure.
Purser on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
He was, in his late 30s, the oldest officer aboard. |
1834 |
Jun. R died at sea. |
Royal
Botanic Garden, Kew, Surrey. |
|
Developed as a
personal estate around Kew Palace by George III. |
1840 |
Taken over as the
National botanic garden, research centre and herbarium. |
|
First
Director Sir William Jackson Hooker; 2nd Sir Joseph
Dalton Hooker, his son; 3rd Sir William Turner
Thiselton-Dyer, J. D. H.'s son-in-law. CD visited and received much
plant material from, for his botanical work. |
Royal College
of Physicians, England. |
1879 |
CD awarded
Baly Medal. |
Royal
College of Surgeons of England |
|
See
also Sir Richard Owen. See
also Zoology of the Voyage of the
Beagle.
|
1953 |
Took over
Down House and have administered it until 1996 when it was acquired by English Heritage. Their former research station, on
Little Pucklands field, marches with the Down House estate to the
south. |
1974 |
Published, under Phillimore
imprint, Atkins, Down, The
home of the Darwins. |
Royal
Geographical Society |
1838 |
CD Fellow. |
Royal
Institution, Albemarle St, London. |
1880 |
Apr. 9
Huxley gave address to on "The coming of age of The origin of species",
published in Nature, Lond., 22:1-4, and in Science
and culture, 310. "In the above-mentioned lecture Mr Huxley made
a strong point of the accumulation of palaeontological evidence which
the years 1859 to 1880 have given us in favour of evolution"—LLiii 240.
|
[page] 247
|
|
Royal
Irish Academy, Dublin. |
1866 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Royal
Medical Society of Edinburgh |
1826-1827
|
CD Member whilst a medical
student. |
1861 |
Honorary Member. |
Royal
Society |
|
See also
Philosophical Club, X Club. Details of D related Fellows in Darwin
pedigrees, 1984 pp. 66-67.
|
1839 |
Jan. 24 CD was elected Fellow. |
1849, 1855
|
CD Member of Council 1849-1850,
1855-1856 |
1853 |
CD Royal Medal. |
1864 |
CD Copley Medal. |
1877 |
CD to Romanes, who had failed to
be elected in
that year. Hooker (then President) had implied that age and position in
scientific society weighed heavily, as did having been proposed many
times. Youth is a disqualification—Carroll 509. |
1882, 1903 |
There were three living D
Fellows briefly in
the spring of 1882 and again 1903-1912. |
1890 |
Darwin Medal
instituted, with residual funds from Darwin Memorial appeal. The effigy
of CD is reduced from medallion by Allen Wyon. |
until
1962 |
The D family is the only one in
the
history of the Society to have had a continuous succession from father
to son of Fellows, with no year without at least one fellow, from
Erasmus D [I], elected 1761, to Sir Charles Galton D, died
1962. |
1959 |
The succession continues,
through the female line, to Richard
Darwin Keynes, elected 1959. |
Royal
Society of Edinburgh |
1865 |
CD Fellow. |
Royal
Society of New South Wales, Sydney. |
1879 |
CD
Honorary Member. |
Royer,
Mlle Clémence-August, 1830-1902. |
1862 |
R
translated Origin into French, adding her own footnotes. |
1862 |
CD to Gray, R "must be one of
the cleverest and oddest women in Europe"—LLii 387. |
1862 |
CD to Quatrefages, "I wish the
translator had known more
natural history"—MLi 202. |
1867 |
CD to Lyell, about the
translation, "Nevertheless with all its bad judgement and taste it
shows, I think,
that the woman is uncommonly clever"—LLiii 73, Carroll 332. |
Royle, John
Forbes 1799-1858. |
|
Surgeon and
naturalist. Originally in Medical Service in India.
Secretary of Geological Society before CD. DNB. |
1836-1858
|
Prof.
Materia Medica and Therapeutics King's College London. |
1837 |
FRS. |
?1840 |
CD to R, thanking for
a book, perhaps Illustrations of the botany...of the Himalayan
mountains, [1833-]1839[-1840]; "Long may our rule flourish in
India"—MLi 67. |
[page] 248
|
|
Ruck,
Amy Richenda, 1848-1876. |
|
Daughter of Lawrence R. CD's
daughter-in-law. Portrait in Bernard D p. 14. |
1874 |
Married Sir Francis D
as first wife. |
1876
|
Died in childbed. |
1876 |
Sep. 15 CD to G. W. Norman, "she
was sweet and
gentle". Francis D had gone to North Wales for the funeral—Carroll 497.
|
Ruck,
Amy Roberta, 1878 Aug. 2-1978
Aug. 11. |
|
Novelist. Eldest of eight
children of A. A. Ruck. Born in India. Known as "Berta". Married George
Oliver
("Oliver Onions") 1873-1961. |
1967 |
Autobiography A trickle of
Wesh
blood. |
Ruck,
Lawrence, 1819-? |
|
Of Pantlludw, near Machynlleth,
Wales. Father of Amy Richenda R. Magdalen College Oxford. Something in
India. |
|
Married Mary Anne Matthews. 8
children. The 3 sons who were at Clapham Grammar
School with CD's sons were: 1. Col. A. A. Ruck, father of Amy Roberta
R; 2. Sir
Richard Matthews R, 1851-1935, Maj. Gen. R.E., K.B.E.; 3. Lawrence
Ithel R, 1854-?, died youngish, Christ's College Cambridge, MA 1881. |
Ruck,
Mrs Lawrence, see Mary Anne Matthews. |
Rucker,
Sigismund |
|
Orchid grower of West Hill,
Wandsworth, Surrey. R lent CD Mormodes ignea, "goblin
orchid"—Allan 205. |
Rudd,
Sophia, ?-1899.
|
|
Married Rowland Henry Wedgwood
as first wife.
|
Ruedinger,
Nicolaus R., 1832-1896. |
|
Anatomist. |
1876 |
CD to
Lawson Tait, R had written to CD about regeneration of digits—MLi 363. |
Rugby,
Warwickshire. |
1839 |
Jan. 29 CD and ED took a train
to London from R after
their wedding at Maer ? as far as train went. |
1852 |
CD and ED visited
William Erasmus D at Rugby School. Goulburn was headmaster
when WED was there. |
1855 |
CD and ED stopped there on
return from British Association meeting at Glasgow. |
Rugendas,
Moritz, 1799-1858. |
|
German artist. |
1825-1835 |
Travelled and
sketched scenery in South America. |
1832
|
Apr. 8 CD mentions in letters
home and
to
Henslow—CD Diary.
|
1834 |
Aug. Martens stayed with R at
Valparaiso,"exceedingly able man"—FR to Beaufort. |
Ruskin,
John, 1819-1900. |
|
Art critic and social
reformer—IJ.
DNB. |
1879 |
CD met and made friends with in
the Lake District. Visited his
home, Brantwood, Coniston, but could not understand the Turners in R's
bedroom. CD considered R's mind clouded—EDii 238. |
1879 |
CD to Romanes,
"We saw Ruskin several times, and he was uncommonly pleasant"—Life
of Romanes 98. |
Russell,
see Kororareka.
|
Russian
|
|
First editions in: |
1846 |
Coral reefs (summary
only, F320). |
1860 |
Manual of scientific
enquiry (CD's article only, F336). |
1864 |
Origin of species
(F748). |
1867-1868 |
Variation under
domestication (F925). |
1870-1871 |
Journal of researches
(F226). |
1871 |
Descent of man
(F1107). |
1872 |
Expression of
the emotions (F1206). |
1876 |
Insectivorous plants
(F1244). |
1877 |
"Biographical sketch of an
infant"
(F1314). |
1882 |
Vegetable mould and worms
(F1408). |
1896 |
Autobiography (F1533). |
1896 |
Movement
in plants (F1349). |
1900 |
Fertilisation of orchids
(F825). |
1900 |
Climbing
plants (F865). |
1936 |
"Bar of
sandstone off Pernambuco" (F270). |
1936 |
Coral reefs
(complete, F321). |
1936 |
Volcanic
islands and South America (F323). |
1938 |
Cross and self
fertilisation (F1272). |
1935-1959 |
The
Collected
Works, edited by S. L. Sobol' is by far the most
comprehensive in any language. |
1939 |
"On the tendency of
species to form varieties" (F370). |
1948 |
Different
forms of flowers (F1302). |
1959 |
Letters on geology
(F7). |
1959 |
Memoir of Professor
Henslow (CD's recollections only, F832). |
1959 |
Erasmus Darwin (CD's
notice only, F1324). |
[page] 249
|
|
Ruthin,
Denbigh, Wales. |
1831 |
Aug. CD visited with
Sedgwick on geology trip. |
Rütimeyer,
Carl Ludwig, 1825-1895. |
|
Swiss
palaeontologist. Prof. Comparative Anatomy Basel. |
1867 |
CD to Lyell, R
had sent him his pamphlet Über die Herkunft unserer Thierwelt,
Basel 1867, but CD had not read it or opened the pages—Carroll 331. |
1868 |
R author of Die Grenzen der
Thierwelt: eine Betrachtung zu
Darwin's lehre, Basel. CD had this pamphlet translated by Camilla
Ludwig. |
Ryan, Mary |
|
Julia Margaret Cameron's pretty
maid who
often sat for her, known as "The Madonna". |
1868 |
CD and family met
R—EDii 191. |
Ryle,
Jane Harriet, 1794-1866. |
|
Married Sir
Francis Sacheverel D. |
[page 250]
S
|
|
Sabine,
Sir Edward, 1788-1883. |
|
Astronomer and
physicist. General R.A., saw
little action, but went on several expeditions as scientist. S was
anti-darwinian. DNB. |
1818 |
FRS. |
1849 |
CD to Hooker, CD had travelled
with S to British
Association meeting at Birmingham, comments about Mrs S "A
very nice woman she is, and so is her sharp and sagacious mother"—LLi
378. |
1861-1871 |
PRS. |
1864 |
S to CD, asking him to attend
Royal Society to receive Copley
Medal; CD did not go—MLi 257. |
1864 |
S's Presidential address to
Royal
Society about CD's Copley Medal, "Speaking generally and collectively,
we have expressly omitted it [Origin] from the grounds of our
award": a remark which caused much offence—MLiii 28. |
1869 |
KCB. |
"Sagitta"
|
1844 |
"Observations on the structure
and
propagation of the genus Sagitta", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
13:1-6
(Bi 177, F1664) French, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., 1:360-365. |
St
Andrews, Fife, Scotland. |
1827 |
CD visited on
spring tour. |
St
Croix, Elizabeth, 1790-1868. |
1817 |
Married William
Brown
D. |
St
Helena, Atlantic Ocean. |
1836 |
Jul. 7-14 Beagle
at. CD stayed ashore four days "within a stone's throw of Napoleon's
tomb". |
St
Paul's Rocks, Atlantic Ocean. |
|
Uninhabited island,
with St Peter, belonging to Brazil. See
Edwards and Lubbock 1983 J. Zool.
Lond. 200:51-69 for fauna and flora.
|
1832 |
Feb. 16-17 Beagle at
and CD landed. |
Sales,
Sydney |
|
Landowner at Downe, west and
north of Down
House. A £50 cheque to S from CD—Sotheby 1979 Jun. 18 lot 467, Union
Bank of London. |
1843 |
CD bought an acre and a bit from
him. |
1872 |
"Mr. Sales would
be sure to build some more ugly houses on it if he got the land". |
1881 |
CD bought a strip of field on
west side of Down House, beyond orchard, for
a hard tennis court. |
"Saliferous
Deposits" |
1838 |
"Origin of saliferous
deposits: salt lakes of Patagonia and La Plata", J. Geol. Soc.,
2:127-128 (F1651), an extract from Geological observations on
South America, 73-75, before publication. |
1846 |
"Origin of
saliferous deposits", Quart. J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.),
2:127-128 (Bi 212, F1673). |
Salin,
Vernon |
1868 |
Acting Curate
at Downe, spelling
is doubtful—Darwin-Innes 220. |
[page] 251
|
|
Salisbury,
Marchioness of, see Alderson. |
Salisbury,
Marquis of, see Robert Arthur
Talbot Gascoyne Cecil. |
"Salt"
|
1847 |
"Salt", Gardeners' Chronicle,
No.
10:157-158 (Bii 14, F1676). |
"Salt
on Carbonate of Lime" |
1844 |
"What is the action
of common salt on carbonate of lime?", Gardeners' Chronicle,
No. 37:628-629 (Bi 198, F1668). |
"Salt-Water
and Seeds", see "Seeds, vitality of". |
Salter,
John William, 1820-1869. |
1846-1863 |
Palaeontologist to
Geological Survey. |
1861 |
S showed CD some evolutionary
series
of brachiopods at Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn St, London—LLii
367. |
Salter,
Thomas Bell, 1814-1858. |
|
Physician and
botanist of Ryde, Isle of Wight. Nephew of Prof. Thomas Bell. |
1855 |
S
was sending seeds to CD for hybrid studies—Darwin-Henslow 175, as I. B.
S. |
Salvador,
Brazil, also called Bahia. |
1832 |
Feb. 22-Mar. 18 Beagle
at and CD ashore. |
1836 |
Aug. 1-17 Beagle
returned and CD ashore. |
Sanderson,
Sir John Scott Burdon, Bart, 1828-1905. |
|
Physician and physiologist. S
helped CD with experiments for Insectivorous
plants. DNB. |
1867 |
FRS. |
1874-1882 |
Prof.
Physiology University College London. |
1875 |
S saw and agreed to
Litchfield's sketch for vivisection bill. |
1881 |
CD attended lecture by S
at Royal Institution on plant movement; audience applauded on CD's
entrance—EDi 245. |
1882-1895 |
Oxford. |
1882 |
S was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's
funeral. |
|
After CD's death, S was much
involved in controversies on
vivisection. |
1895-1904 |
Regius Prof. Medicine Oxford. |
1899 |
1st Bart. |
Sandown,
Isle of Wight. |
1858 |
Jul.-Aug. CD and
family visited. |
Sandys, John
Edwin, 1844-1928. |
|
Classical scholar. DNB WWH. |
1876-1919
|
Public Orator Cambridge. |
1877 |
Nov. 17 S gave oration on CD's
Honorary LL.D. "Tu vero, qui leges naturae tam docte
illustraveris, legum Doctor nobis esto"—LLiii 222. |
Sandwalk
|
|
Path in grounds of Down House,
used
regularly by CD for constitutional walk. Sandpit at south end
was used for dressing the path. There was a summer-house at far
southeast
end—EDii 76. |
1846 |
S was laid down around
woodland planted from pasture rented from Sir John William
Lubbock. |
1874 |
It was bought from Sir
John L. |
[page] 252
|
|
Santa
Fé, Argentine. |
1833 |
Oct. 2-15 CD at. |
Santiago,
Chile. |
1835 |
Mar. 13 CD visited on his way
from Valparaiso to cross the cordilleras to Mendoza. |
|
Apr. 10 CD returned
through. |
São
Jago, Cape Verde Islands, Atlantic Ocean. |
1832 |
Jan. 17-Feb. 8 Beagle
at Porto Praya and CD landed. |
1836 |
Aug. 31-Sep. 5 Beagle
again at and CD landed. |
Saporta,
Louis Charles Joseph Gaston, Marquis de,
1823-1895. |
|
French palaeobotanist. S was a
fairly frequent correspondent on botanical
matters. Ten letters from CD to S—Yvette Conry 1972 Correspondance
entre Charles Darwin et
Gaston de Saporta, Paris. |
1863 |
CD to Lyell, S was pro-Origin—LLiii
17. |
1868 |
CD to S, about the growth of
belief in evolution in
France—LLiii 103.
|
1878 |
CD to S, about his election to
Académie des
Sciences—MLi 376. |
Sara
|
1881 |
Nurse to Bernard Richard Meirion
D—EDii
246, 247. |
Sarcey,
Francisque, 1827-1899. |
|
French dramatic
critic. |
1880 |
S lunched at Down House in
summer with Edmond Barbier. |
Schaaffhausen,
Hermann Joseph, 1816-1893. |
|
German
anthropologist. |
1853 |
Über Beständigkeit und
Unwandlung der Arten, Verhandl.
Naturhist.
Vereins, Bonn, which is an evolutionary forerunner. |
1860 |
S sent a
copy to Lyell. |
Scherzer, Carl
Heinrich, Ritter von, 1821-1903. |
|
Austrian ethnologist. |
1861-1862 |
S edited Reise
der...Fregatte Novara. |
1868 |
CD to S, addressing him as
"Ministerial Rath", thanking
for translating Queries about expression, "and
inserting"—Carroll 356. |
1879 |
CD to S, "What a foolish idea
seems to
prevail in Germany on the connection between socialism and evolution
through natural selection"—LLiii 237. |
Schimmelpenninck,
Lambert |
|
Moravian. Of Bristol. |
1806 |
Married
Mary
Ann Galton. |
Schimmelpenninck,
Mary Ann, see Galton. |
Schlagintweit-Sakünlünski,
Hermann Alfred Rudolph von,
1826-1882. |
|
German botanist and geologist.
CD spells, with doubt, "Schlagenheit". |
1857 |
CD to Hooker, "I
believe he is returned to England, and he has poultry skins from W.
Elliot of Madras"—MLi 99. |
1857
|
Paper with his brother Robert
von S-S., Rep. Brit. Assoc.
Adv. Sci.,
27:106-108, 1857—Carroll 230, Stauffer 438. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, "Do not trust
Sclagenweit [sic]", about yak-cattle
crosses. |
Schleiden,
Matthias Jakob, 1804-1881. |
|
German
botanist and, with Schwann, founder of the cell theory. |
1864 |
CD to
Welsh, S was, with other Germans, coming round to belief in natural
selection—MLi 259. |
[page] 253
|
|
Schlesische
Gesellschaft für Vaterlandische Cultur,
Breslau. |
1878 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Schmerling,
Philippe Charles, 1791-1836. |
|
French
geologist. |
1863 |
CD to Hooker, concerning
antiquity of man, "Falconer...does not do justice
to...Schmerling"—LLiii 19. |
Schomburgk,
Sir Robert Hermann, 1804-1865. |
|
Naturalist in West Indies. DNB. |
1844 |
Kt. |
circa 1850 |
S visited Down House for
weekend—Carroll 69. |
circa
1862 |
S told CD about the three forms
of Catasetum
tridentatum which had been described as belonging to three
different genera—J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 6:151-157. |
Schulze,
Karl August Julius Fritz, 1846-1908. |
|
Prof.
Technische Hochschüle Dresden. |
1875 |
CD to S, thanking him for copy
of Kant
und Darwin, Jena 1875—Carroll 470. |
Schweizerbart'sche
Verlag |
|
Publisher of Stuttgart,
Germany. |
1860-1882
|
S published first German
editions
of eleven of CD's
books. |
|
Also 2nd edition of Journal
of researches 1875
and Life and letters 1887-1888. |
Science
Defence Association |
1881 |
Formed as a
result of prosecution of David Ferrier. CD's name was put forward as
President, but he declined—MLii 439. |
Scientifics
|
|
Perhaps a working mens'
club—Atkins 85. |
1880 |
Fifty members visited Down House
and were entertained with claret-cup, wine and biscuits. Francis D
talked to them, but CD did not appear. |
Sclater,
Philip Lutley, 1829-1913. |
|
Orinithologist
and animal geographer. DNB. |
1859-1902 |
Secretary to Zoological Society
of
London. |
1860 |
CD to S, thanking for list and
notes on Galapagos Islands birds—Carroll 195, 197. |
1861 |
FRS. |
Scoresby,
Rev. William, 1789-1857. |
|
Anglican
clergyman, whaler and arctic scientist. DNB. |
1824 |
FRS. |
1839 |
DD. |
1855 |
CD
corresponded with S on seed transport—LLii 56. |
Scotland
|
1825-1827
|
At Edinburgh
University, 1825 Oct. 22-1827 Apr. circa 24. |
|
Apart from his time at
university CD made two tours in Scotland: |
1827 |
Apr.-May, on leaving University,
Dundee, St Andrews, Stirling, Glasgow
and from there to Belfast. |
1838 |
Jun. by boat from London to
Leith,
Edinburgh. Loch Leven, Glen Roy, Glasgow on a geological trip. |
1855 |
CD
and ED went to British Association meeting at Glasgow. |
Scott,
John, 1836-1880. |
|
Botanist. "The only naturalist
who can be described as a pupil of Darwin's" [sic]—Poulton, Darwin
and the Origin
53. |
1859-1864 |
On staff at Royal
Botanic Garden Edinburgh. He left Edinburgh "at what...he
considered discouragement and slight". |
1861 |
CD to Hooker, "I have been
corresponding largely with him; he
is no common man"—LLiii 300. |
1863 |
CD to S, "I cannot help
doubting...whether you fully comprehend what is meant by natural
selection"—MLi
239. |
1864 |
CD to Hooker, "I have paid the
poor fellow's passage out to
India". CD had thought of employing him at Down House, and suggested
that Hooker take him on at Kew. |
1864- |
Curator Botanic Garden Calcutta. |
1864 |
CD met S once, between Mar. and
May. |
1867 |
Brief biography by Sir
George King, "shy and modest almost to being apologetic", "almost
morbidly modest"—MLi 217. |
1867 |
CD to Hooker, he had had a nice
letter from S on
acclimatization—MLii 3. |
1871 |
S offers to repay his fare. CD
replies
strongly that he "a rich man" had given it as a present, not as a
loan—MLii 331. |
1873 |
S helped with Expression,
p. 21 "The
habit
of accurate observation, gained by his botanical studies, has been
brought to bear on our present subject". |
1877
|
Became an expert on opium
husbandry, Manual of opium husbandry,
Calcutta.
|
[page] 254
|
|
"Sea-Water
and Seeds" |
1855 |
"Does sea-water kill
seeds?", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 15:242 (Bi 255, F1682). |
1855 |
"Does sea-water kill
seeds?", ibid., No. 21:356-357 (Bi255, F1683). |
1855 |
"Effect of salt-water on the
germination of seeds", ibid.,
No. 48:789 (Bi 262, F1688). |
1857 |
"On the action of sea-water on
the
germination of seeds", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.),
1:130-140
(Bi 264, F1694). |
Sedgwick,
Rev. Adam, 1785-1873. |
|
Geologist. Biography: Clark and
Hughes 1890. DNB. |
1818-1873 |
Fellow of Trinity College and
Woodwardian Prof. Geology Cambridge. |
1830 |
FRS. |
1831 |
Aug. CD made geological tour in
North Wales with S. |
1859 |
CD sent S 1st edition of Origin.
|
1859 |
S to CD, "I have read
your book with more pain than pleasure...You have deserted—after
a start in that tram-road of all solid physical truth—the true method
of induction, and started us in machinery as wild, I think, as Bishop
Wilkin's locomotive that was to sail with us to the moon"—LLii 248. |
1859 |
CD to Huxley, S "has laughed
till his sides ached at my book"—MLi
130. |
1860 |
S spoke to Cambridge
Philosophical Society, reported in Cambridge
Chronicle, May 19, "Darwin's theory may help to simplify our
classifications...but he has not undermined any grand truth in the
constancy of natural laws, and the continuity of true species"—MLi 149.
|
1870 |
CD and family called on S at
Cambridge in May. Fine friendly
letter from S, "I was overflowing with joy when I saw you"—MLii 236. |
[page] 255
|
|
Sedgwick,
Sarah, 1839-1902. |
|
Of Cambridge, Mass. Sister of
Theodora S. CD's
daughter-in-law.
Friend of Chauncey Wright—LLiii 165, Letters of Chauncey Wright,
246-248. "She was the kindest of the kind but a little
formidable...Sedgwicks, Eliots and Nortons are not to be lightly
encountered"—Bernard D p. 42. |
1877 |
Married William Erasmus D. |
Sedgwick,
Theodora |
|
Of Cambridge, Mass. Sister of
Sarah S. Married Charles Norton. |
1878 |
S visited Down House and
Bassett. |
1884 |
S visited The Grove, Cambridge. |
Seeds |
|
CD's collections of seeds are
in the Botany School,
Cambridge. |
"Seeds"
|
1855 |
"Vitality of seeds", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 46:758 (Bi 260, F1686). |
1855 |
"Effect of salt-water
on
the germination of seeds", ibid., No. 47:773 (Bi 761, F1687). |
1855 |
"Effect of salt-water
on
the germination of seeds", ibid., No. 48:789 (Bi 262, F1688).
|
1855 |
"Longevity of seeds", ibid.,
No. 52:854 (Bi 263, F1689). |
1857 |
"On
the action of sea-water on the germination of seeds", J. Proc.
Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 1:130-140 (Bi 264, F1694). |
1857 |
"Productiveness of foreign
seed", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 46:779
(Bi 264, F1698). |
"Seedling
Fruit Trees" |
1855 |
"Seedling fruit trees", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 52:854 (Bi 263, F1690). |
"Self-Fertilisation"
|
|
See
also Cross and
self-fertilisation, 1876. |
1865 |
"Self-fertilisation", Hardwicke's
Science Gossip, 1:114 (Bii 132, F1734). |
Semper,
Karl Gottfried, 1832-1893. |
|
German zoologist.
Prof. Zoology Würzburg. |
1876 |
Der Haeckelismus in der
Zoologie, Hamburg. |
1878 |
CD to S, on speciation in
relation to
isolation, "I should think nearly perfect separation would greatly aid
in their 'specification' to coin a new word"—LLiii 160. |
1878 |
CD to S,
on variation; S was strongly in favour of direct action of
environment—LLiii 344. |
1879 |
CD to S on Coral formations in
Pellew
Islands—LLiii 182. |
1879 |
S sent CD proof sheets of Die
natürlichen Existenzbedingungen der Thiere, 1880. |
1881 |
CD to S, on
variation, "the even still kinder manner in which you disagree with
me"—MLi 391. |
Senkenbergische
Naturforschende Gesellschaft,
Frankfurt-am-Main. |
1873 |
CD Corresponding Member. |
Serbian
|
|
First editions in: |
1878 |
Origin of species
(F766). |
1937 |
Autobiography (F1542). |
Serbo-Croat
|
1949 |
First edition in: Journal
of
researches (F244). |
Settegast,
Hermann Gustav, 1819-1908. |
|
Boschetti, Francesco, Darwin-Settegast
transformisti,
Linneo-Sanson non transformisti, e le Leggi dell' Ereditarieta,
Turin 1890. |
1870 |
H sent CD
a copy of his book Die Thierzucht, Breslau 1868—MLi 324. |
[page] 256
|
|
Sevenoaks,
Kent. |
1877 |
Oct. 5-26 CD had family
holiday
in a rented house. |
Seward,
Sir Albert Charles, 1863-1941. |
|
Palaeobotanist. DNB. |
1898 |
FRS. |
1903 |
S edited, with Francis D, More
letters of Charles Darwin. |
1906-1936
|
Prof. Botany Cambridge. |
1909 |
Edited, in CD centenary year, Darwin
and modern science. |
1915-1936 |
Master of Downing College. |
1936 |
Kt. |
Seward,
Anna, 1747-1809. |
|
Poet and author. Generally
considered that S wanted to marry Erasmus D after death of his first
wife
and was chagrined when he married Elizabeth Chandos Pole. DNB. |
1754-1809
|
Lived at The Swan, Lichfield. |
1879 |
CD to Reginald D, he had
written his introduction to Krause's biography of Erasmus D [I] "to
contradict flatly some calumnies by Miss Seward"—LLiii 219. |
1804 |
S was author of Memoirs of
the life of Dr. Darwin, London. |
"Sex
Ratios" |
1868 |
["Inquiry about sex ratios in
domestic animals"], Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 7:160 (Bii 135,
F1743). |
"Sexual
Selection" |
1871
|
"Sexual selection"
forms Part II of Descent, chs VIII-XXI, more than half the
book. |
1876 |
"Sexual selection in relation
to monkeys", Nature, Lond., 15:18-19 (Bii 207, F1773) |
1880 |
"The
sexual colours of certain butterflies", ibid., 21:237 (Bii
220,
F1787) |
1882 |
"On the modification of a race
of Syrian street dogs by
means of sexual selection", by Dr. [W.] Van Dyck, with a preliminary
notice by Charles Darwin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., No.
25:367-370
(Bii 278, F1803). This was CD's last publication. |
Seymour,
Edward Adolphus, Duke of Somerset,
1775-1855. |
|
S was influential in obtaining
money from the
Exchequer for publication of scientific results of Beagle
voyage. DNB. |
1797 |
11th Duke FRS. |
1834-1837 |
President of the Linnean
Society. |
Seymour,
Gertrude, ?-1825. |
1812 |
Married John
Hensleigh
Allen [I]. |
Shaen,
Emily, see Winkworth. |
Shaen,
Margaret J. |
|
Daughter of William S. Family
friend
and continued to visit ED. |
1887 |
ED to S, "My dear one felt you
completely one of the family and not 'company'"—EDii 280. |
Shaen,
William, 1870-1887. |
|
Solicitor and
educationalist. |
1851 |
Married Emily Winkworth. Two
sons are mentioned,
John and
Godfrey, one daughter Margaret. |
1882 |
S was on "Family Friends
invited"
list for
CD's funeral. |
1888 |
ED to Henrietta Emma Litchfield,
"Now I must write
declining to subscribe to Shaen memorial at Bedford College". "I do not
care about the higher education of women, though I ought to do so"—EDii
172. "After all I did send £10 to the
Shaen Memorial". |
[page] 257
|
|
Shanklin,
Isle of Wight. |
1858 |
Jul.-Aug. CD and
family visited. |
Sharpe,
Daniel, 1806-1856. |
|
Geologist. S
was in Portuguese mercantile business. |
1846-1851
|
CD to S, on cleavage and
foliation—MLii
199-204. |
1846 |
CD to S on cleavage and
foliation—FUL 104. |
1849 |
CD to Lyell, CD had been
discussing mica schist
with S—MLii 131. |
1850 |
FRS. |
Sharples,
Rolinda, ?-1838. |
|
Rolinda daughter of
James S (?1750-1811) is the only S who fits for date. |
1816 |
Pastel of CD with
sister Emily Catherine is always said to be by "Sharples". The earliest
portrait of CD. |
Shaw
|
1829 |
Taxidermist of Shrewsbury—LLi
175. |
Shaw,
Joseph, 1786-1859. |
|
Senior Tutor at Cambridge in
CD's time. S liked hunting and the Newmarket races. |
1807-1859
|
Fellow of Christ's College
Cambridge. |
1827 |
Oct. "Admissus est
pensionarius minor sub Magistro Shaw", but CD did not go up until Lent
term. |
"Sheep"
|
1880 |
[Letter] "Black sheep", Nature,
Lond., 23:93 (Bii 224, F1790), containing extracts from a letter from
"Mr. Sanderson", about selective value of black sheep in Australian
flocks. |
"Shell
Rain" |
1855 |
"Shell rain in the Isle of
Wight", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 44:726-727 (Bi 259, F1685). |
"Shells"
|
1878 |
"Transplantation of shells", Nature,
Lond., 18:120-121, introducing a letter from Arthur H. Gray, ibid.,
120 (Bii 214, F1783). |
1880 |
"The Omori shell mounds", Nature,
Lond., 21:561, introducing one from Edward S. Morse, ibid.,
561-562 (Bii 222, F1788) |
1882 |
"On the dispersal of freshwater
bivalves", Nature, Lond., 25:529-530 (Bii 276, F1802). |
Sheppard,
Nathan, 1834-1888. |
1884 |
Darwinism
stated by Darwin himself, New York. Selected by S, the first book
of selections. |
Sherbrooke,
Viscount, see Robert Lowe. |
Shipley, Sir
Arthur Everett, 1861-1927. |
|
Zoologist. DNB. |
1904 |
FRS. |
1909 |
S,
with J. C. Simpson, organised the exhibition of Darwiniana at Christ's
and initialed its catalogue. |
1910-1927 |
Master of Christ's College
Cambridge. |
1920 |
GBE. |
Shrewsbury,
Memorial to CD |
|
In Unitarian chapel. Reads "To
the memory
of Charles Robert Darwin, author of 'Origin of species', born in
Shrewsbury February 12th, 1809. In early life a member and constant
worshipper in this church. Died April 19th, 1882"—Woodall p. 12. |
Shrewsbury
newspaper, see Eddowe's
newspaper. |
Shrewsbury
School |
|
The school owns Sir
Richard Owen's copy of 1st edition
of Origin. |
1798-1836. |
Samuel Butler [I] was Headmaster. |
1818-1825
|
1818 Summer term-1825 Jun. 17
CD
there. He boarded even though the school was hardly more than a mile
from The Mount, his home. |
|
The old school, which CD
attended, is now the borough library, with the
large seated statue of CD, by Horace Mountford, in front. |
1882 |
The new school was first
occupied. |
[page] 258
|
|
Shuttleworth,
Sir James Phillips Kay-, Bart,
1804-1877. |
|
Physician and educationalist.
CD
knew him (then J. P. Kay) at Royal Medical Society Edinburgh. DNB. |
1849 |
1st Bart. |
Siebenbürgische
Verein für Naturwissenschaft,
Hermannstadt. |
1877 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Simcox
|
|
S is mentioned as someone CD
rode with at
Cambridge—LLi 176. S is not in Venn. According to CCD 'Possibly a familiar name for George Simpson (see letters to W. D. Fox, [18 May 1829], 'Simpson', [3 January 1830], 'old Simpcox')' |
Simon,
Sir John, 1816-1904. |
|
Surgeon. Medical Officer
to Privy Council. DNB. |
1845 |
FRS. |
1875 |
S saw and
agreed to Litchfield's draft sketch for a vivisection bill—LLiii 204. |
1879-1880
|
PRS. |
1881 |
CD praises his address on
vivisection to International Medical
Congress—LLiii 210. |
1887 |
KCB.
|
Simon's
Bay, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. |
|
See also Cape Town. |
1836 |
May 31 Beagle anchored
at. |
Simonde
de Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard,
1773-1842. |
|
Swiss historian. Home
Chêne, near
Vevey, Switzerland. |
1819 |
Married Jessie Allen d.s.p. |
1837 |
Emma Allen to Elizabeth
Wedgwood, "I feel it
is hard on him to see so much of people he could never get a taste for,
no more than they could for him"; "Not even infant schools and savings
banks escape his condemnation, while beggary meets with his strenuous
support"—EDi 280. |
1840 |
Jun. S and Mrs S
stayed at 12 Upper
Gower St, CD and ED away most of the time—EDii 54. |
1887 |
ED "I should
not have patience with his foibles, he would always go against my taste
as wanting manliness"—EDi 279. |
Simonde de
Sismondi, Jessie, see Allen. |
Simpson, James
Crawford, 1876-1944. |
1907-1909 |
S was at Emmanuel College as an
advanced student. A Canadian from McGill University, Montreal,
Professor of Embryology. |
1909 |
S, with A.
E. Shipley, prepared the Christ's College exhibition of Darwiniana and
initialed the catalogue. |
Sinclair,
Andrew, circa 1796-1863. |
|
Scottish physician. |
1844-1856 |
Colonial
Secretary NZ. |
1858 |
Returned to NZ. |
1863 |
Drowned on Butler's sheep
station, Mesopotamia, when in company of Haast—Rewa Glenn (pseudonym
of Marguerite Maude Johnson) 1950 The botanical explorers of New
Zealand, Wellington. |
Sismondi,
Jean Charles Léonard, see
Simonde de Sismondi. |
|
S de S is always referred to as
S in family
letters. |
Skertchly,
Sydney Barber Josiah, 1850-1926. |
|
Naturalist. |
1878 |
CD may have sent S some of his
works "with my
autograph"—MLii 240. |
Sketches
of 1842 and 1844 |
|
CD's earliest drafts of
his evolutionary views. Neither was published in his lifetime.
|
1887
|
Sketch
of 1842
was not known to Francis D when he edited Life and letters,
1887.
|
1896
|
It was found in a staircase
cupboard after his mother's death,
1896. |
1. 1909 |
Francis D, editor, The
foundations of The origin of
species, a sketch written in 1842, Cambridge University Press, not
published, issued to delegates to the anniversary celebrations at
Cambridge (F1555). Facsimile 1969 (1559). |
2. 1909 |
Francis D, editor, The
foundations of The origin of species, two essays written in 1842 and
1844, Cambridge, University Press, pp. 1-53 from same setting of
type as No. 1 (F1556). |
1958 |
G. R. de Beer, editor, Evolution
by
natural selection, Cambridge, University Press, contains both
drafts (F1557), issued for the XVth International Congress of Zoology
(Darwin Centenary);
|
1871 |
Facsimile (F1560). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1911 |
German (F1561). |
1925 |
French (not in F). |
1932 |
Russian (F1564). |
1960 |
Italian (F1562).
|
[page] 259
|
|
"Skim,
Mrs", see Mary Ann Galton. |
Skinner
|
|
Schoolmaster at Downe. A
flogger. |
Skinner,
Mrs |
|
Wife of Downe schoolmaster. |
1884 |
Taught Bernard
Richard Meirion D. |
Skinner, John
|
late 1880s |
Coachman at Down house in late
1880s. His son worked in the gardens. Came to Cambridge with ED for the
winters; "soothing and tranquil rather than exciting company, as
tranquil as the horses he drove"—Bernard D p. 13. |
Skramovsky,
B. Maria, see Darwin's
Notebooks. |
Slaney,
Elizabeth Frances, 1791-1862. |
|
Eldest daughter of R. A. S.
|
1835
|
Married Thomas Campbell Eyton.
|
Slaney,
Robert Aglionby, ?-1870.
|
|
Barrister. High Sheriff of
Shropshire. Father of E. F. S.
|
Slavery
|
|
CD, like his grandfather
Erasmus D [I] and
all educated whigs, was against slavery, CD especially so from his
experience of it in South America. |
1791 |
Josiah Wedgwood's cameo of a
kneeling slave in chains, with inscription "Am I not a man and a
brother" is illustrated in Erasmus D [I], The botanic garden,
Pt. 1, facing p 87, with note "a Slave in chains, of which he
distributed many hundreds, to excite the humane to attend to and to
assist in the abolition of the detestable traffic in human creatures". |
1826 |
Anti-slavery agitation by Josiah
Wedgwood [II] and his family
detailed—EDi 181. |
1833 |
CD to his sister Caroline Sarah,
"What a proud
thing for England if she is the first European nation which utterly
abolishes it"—LLi 246. |
1833 |
CD to Herbert, "Hurrah for the
honest
Whigs! I trust they will soon attack that monstrous stain on our
boasted liberty, Colonial Slavery"—LLi 248. |
1833 |
CD at Rio de Janeiro, "On such
fazêndas as these, I have no doubt the slaves pass happy and
contented lives"—J. Researches 1845 24. "This man had been
trained to a degradation lower than the slavery of the most helpless
animal"—ibid. "I thank God, I shall never again visit a slave
country", followed by two pages of description of its horrors—ibid.
499. |
1845 |
CD to Lyell, "this odious
deadly subject"—LLi 342. |
1861
|
Many of CD's letters to Gray
refer to slavery in
relation to the American civil war, e.g. 1861 "If abolition does follow
with your victory the whole world will look brighter in my eyes and in
many eyes"—LLii 169, Darwin-Gray letters 37. |
[page] 260
|
|
Sleeper,
George Washington, 1826-1903. |
|
Teashop
proprietor of Boston, Mass. |
1849
|
Putative author of Shall we
have
common sense: some recent lectures, Boston 1849. This purports to
precede CD's views on the origin of man. The work is a forgery,
probably by his son John F. Sleeper, and probably printed between 1903
and 1912. See Poulton, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
1912-1913:26-45, 1913 and ibid., 1913-1914:23-44, 1914, with
full facsimile of text. These two presidential addresses appeared
together, as an offprint, 1914. |
Slingsby,
Monica |
|
Married William Robert Darwin. |
"Slip-slop,
Little Miss" |
|
Nickname of Emma Wedgwood
(ED) in childhood. |
Slovene
|
|
First editions
in: |
1950 |
Journal of
researches (F245). |
1951 |
Origin of species
(F768). |
1959 |
Autobiography
(F1543). |
Smith
|
|
Resident at Downe—Darwin-Innes
227. |
Smith
|
1831 |
CD to Henslow, asking for an
introduction to, perhaps Andrew S—Darwin-Henslow 42. |
Smith,
Albert George Dew, né Dew, 1848-1903. |
|
Physiologist of Trinity College
Cambridge. Skilled photographer and
collector of jewels. Friend of Horace D and Director of Cambridge
Instrument Company. |
?1874 |
CD to S, about physiology of Dionaea.
CD had given all his best specimens to J. S. B. Sanderson—Carroll 434. |
1882 |
S was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Smith,
Sir Andrew, 1797-1872. |
|
Physician, naturalist
and explorer. Army surgeon and
zoologist. Director General Army Medical
Department, Cape and Natal. DNB. |
1836 |
CD met at Cape of Good
Hope—Keynes p. 365. |
1836 |
CD met in London
and "took some long geological rambles"—Diary p. 409. |
1849 |
CD to Strickland, about use of
author's names in nomenclature which others, including S in
conversation, were against—LLi 371. |
1857 |
FRS. |
1859 |
KCB. |
Smith,
Beatrice Ann Shore |
1865 |
Married Godfrey
Lushington. |
Smith, Edgar
Albert, 1847-1916. |
|
Zoologist at British
Museum (Natural History). |
1869 |
CD thanks for proofs of
excellent
woodcuts for Descent. |
Smith,
Edmund |
|
Physician at Ilkley. |
1859 |
CD felt that "he felt very
much for the fee and very little for the patient"—Brent p. 419. |
Smith
Elder & Co. |
|
Publishers of London. |
1838-1843 |
S published Zoology of the
Beagle, edited by CD. |
1842-1844-
1846 |
S published the three parts of
CD's Geology of the
voyage of the Beagle, and later editions. |
[page] 261
|
|
Smith,
Frederick H., 1805-1879. |
|
Hymenopterist at
British Museum. Friendly correspondent of CD. |
1872 |
S gave CD
information on copulation of bumble-bees—Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.).
hist. Ser., 3:179, 1969. |
Smith,
Goldwin, 1823-1910. |
|
Historian and
journalist. WWH. |
1868 |
S had lunched at Down House with
the Nortons. S was of
the opinion that an article in Pall Mall Gazette, Aug. 22, on
science and religion was a mistake—MLi 309. |
Smith,
Henry |
|
Naval officer, in HMS Clio. |
1834-1838 |
1834 Jan.
11-1838
took over as Naval Superintendent, Falkland Islands, after Matthew
Brisbane had been murdered. Had earlier been First Officer on Challenger. |
Smith,
James, 1782-1867. |
|
Geologist and sailor. Of
Jordanhill, Glasgow. DNB. |
1830 |
FRS. |
1848 |
CD says S had a poor opinion of
Chambers's Ancient sea margins, 1848. |
Smith,
John, 1798-1888. |
|
Curator, Royal Botanical
Gardens, Kew. |
1873 |
CD to Hooker, to ask S about
watering plants during
sunshine—MLii 410. |
Smith,
Saba, 1802-1866. |
|
Daughter of Sydney S. |
1834 |
Married as second wife
Henry
Holland. |
Smith,
Sydney |
|
Known as "The Cid". Knew the
Wedgwoods well and had
visited Maer. |
Smith,
Rev. Sydney [I], 1771-1845. |
|
Writer, anglican
clergyman and wit. Canon of St Paul's Cathedral, London. Member of
Holland House set and friend of Wedgwoods, Allens and Erasmus Alvey D.
Many references to in ED. CD "I once met Sydney Smith at Dean Milman's
house"—LLi 75. DNB. |
Smith,
Sydney [II] |
|
Fellow of St Catherine's
College
Cambridge. Darwinian scholar. |
1960 |
S edited type facsimile of Letters
on geology (F4). |
Smyth, Robert
Brough, 1830-1889. |
|
Australian mining
engineer. |
1867 |
S answered CD's Queries
about expression. |
Snelgar,
Margaretta |
circa 1840 |
Married John Hensleigh
Allen
[II]. |
"Snow"
|
|
Nickname for Frances Julia
Wedgwood. |
Snow,
Mrs |
|
A "Mrs Snow" is listed
1882
amongst "Personal Friends invited" to CD's funeral. |
Snow,
George |
1849-1855
|
Carrier from London to Downe,
from
Nag's Head public house, Borough, at least from 1849-1855. |
Snow,
George,
1811-1885 Dec. 4. |
|
Road surveyor. Lived in Downe
for 30 years. |
1863
|
There is a
framed letter in saloon bar of George & Dragon signed by CD and
other local people recommending him for post of District Surveyor,
1863. |
1885
|
Buried Downe churchyard. |
Snow,
W. |
1893 |
Jun. S was allowed by ED to
keep five
cows in Down House field. |
Snowdon,
Mountain, North Wales. |
1826 |
Jan. CD climbed on
walking tour. |
"Soapy
Sam" |
|
Nickname of
Rev.
Samuel
Wilberforce. |
Sociedad
Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires. |
1877 |
CD
Honorary Member. |
Sociedad
de Naturalistas Neo-Granadinos |
1860 |
CD Honorary
Member. |
Sociedad
Zoológica Argentina, Cordova. |
1874 |
CD Honorary
Member. |
Sociedade
de Geographia de Lisboa |
1877 |
CD Corresponding
Member. |
[page] 262
|
|
Società
dei Naturalisti in Modena |
1875 |
CD Honorary
Member. |
Società
Geographica Italiana, Florence. |
1875 |
CD Honorary
Member. |
Società
Italiana di Antropologia e di Etnologia,
Florence. |
1872 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Società
La Scuola Italica, Academia Pitagorica,
Rome. |
1880 |
CD Presidente Onorario degli
Anziani Pitagorici. |
Societas
Caesarea Naturae Curiosorum (Société Imperiale des
Naturalistes), Moscow. |
1870 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Société
d' Anthropologie, Paris. |
1871 |
CD Foreign Member. |
Société
des Sciences Naturelles, Neuchatel. |
1863 |
CD
Corresponding Member. |
Société
Entomologique de France |
1874 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Société
Géologique de France |
1837 |
CD Life Member. |
Société
Hollandaise des Sciences à Haarlem, Hollandische
Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, Haarlem. |
1877 |
CD Foreign Member. |
Société
Royale de Botanique de Belgique, Brussels. |
1881 |
CD Associate Member. |
Société Royale
des Sciences Médicales et Naturelles,
Brussels. |
1878 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Society of
Naturalists of the Imperial Kazan University,
[Obshchestvo Estestvoispuitatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom
Universitetye] |
1875 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Somerset,
11th Duke of, see Edward
Adolphus Seymour. |
Somerville,
Mary, see Mary Fairfax. |
Somerville,
William, 1771-1860. |
1812 |
Married as second husband Mary
Fairfax.
|
1817 |
FRS. |
Sorby, Dr Henry
Clifton, 1826-1908. |
|
Geologist. |
1857 |
FRS. |
1880 |
S presented address to CD from
Yorkshire Naturalists'
Union—LLiii 227. |
Sorrell,
Thomas, 1797-? |
|
Was on all three Beagle
voyages. |
1832 |
Jul. Acting Boatswain on 2nd
voyage of Beagle. |
South
America, Part 3 of Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle |
1846 |
Geological observations on
South America. Being the third
part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of
Capt. Fitz-Roy, R.N., during the years 1832-1836, London (F273).
Contains descriptions of tertiary fossil shells by G. B. Sowerby, and
descriptions of secondary fossil shells by Edward Forbes. |
1851 |
Combined
edition with the two other parts from unsold sheets (F274). |
1876 |
2nd
edition, combined with Volcanic islands (F276). |
1891 |
3rd
edition (F282), only a reprint of 2nd edition. |
1972 |
Facsimile from USA
edition of 1896 (F307). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1878 |
German (F312). |
1891 |
USA (F283). |
1906 |
Spanish (F324). |
1936 |
Russian (F323). |
[page] 263
|
|
South
American Missionary Society |
|
The mission stems from the
station on Keppel Island, West
Falkland Is.—LLiii 127. See also Thomas Bridges. |
1885 |
Apr. 24 Admiral
Sulivan, to Daily News, CD subscribed to their orphanage
at
the Mission Station, Tierra del Fuego, 1867-1881 and saw the Missionary
Journal for 1867, although he had at first regarded the task as
hopeless. |
South
Cliff House, see Tenby. |
South
Kensington Museum, see British
Museum (Natural History). |
Southampton,
Hampshire. |
1846 |
Sep. 9-16 CD and ED
attended British Association meeting at. |
1868-1880 |
CD and ED visited
their son William Erasmus D at Bassett, outside Southampton, in most
years. |
Southey,
Robert, 1774-1843. |
|
Poet. DNB. |
1839 |
CD met S with
Thomas Butler on a stage coach from Birmingham to Shrewsbury, after
British Association meeting—Jones, Life of Samuel Butler, i,
13. |
Sowerby,
George Brettingham [I], 1778-1854. |
|
Son of James S, the first of the
S
dynasty. Biological artist and author. |
1836 |
CD to Henslow, "Also about
fossil shells. Is Sowerby a
good man? I understand his assistance can be purchased"—Darwin-Henslow
120. |
1844 |
S wrote appendix to CD's Volcanic
islands. |
1846 |
S
wrote appendix to CD's South America. |
Sowerby,
George Brettingham [II], 1812-1884. |
|
Son of
George Brettingham S [I]. |
1851-1854
|
S drew illustrations for all
CD's
work on cirripedes. |
1861 |
Oct. 5-6 S was at Down House
drawing orchids
for Fertilisation of orchids 1862. |
Sowerby,
James de Carle, 1787-1871. |
|
Son of James S [I], elder
brother of
G. B. S. [I]. CD discussed fossil molluscs of Falkland Is with S—J.
Res.
1839 p. 253. |
Spanish
|
|
First editions in: |
1877 |
Origin
of species (F770), contains two letters from CD not printed
elsewhere. |
1902 |
Journal of
researches (F249). |
?1902 |
Descent of man (F1124).
|
?1902 |
Expression of
the emotions (F1214). |
1906 |
South America (F324). |
1907 |
Autobiography (F1544). |
Spencer,
Herbert, 1820-1903. |
|
First child of William George S
and Harriet Homes, eight
other
children all died in infancy. Engineer and
philosopher. Unmarried. Biography: Duncan 1908; Medawar 1964, Encounter,
21:35-43. DNB. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, CD had read
S's
essay on population, Westminster Rev., 57:468-501, "such
dreadful hypothetical rubbish"—Carroll 201. |
1865 |
CD to Lyell, "somehow
I never feel any wiser after reading him, but often feel mistified
[sic.]"—Carroll 307. |
1866 |
CD to Hooker, "If he had trained
himself to
observe more, even at the expense...of some loss of thinking power he
would have been a wonderful
man"—LLiii 56. |
1870 |
CD to Lankester, "I suspect that
hereafter he will
be looked at as by far the greatest living philosopher in
England"—LLiii 120. |
1873 |
CD to S, on receiving S's The
study of
sociology, 1873, "Those were splendid hits about the Prince of
Wales and Gladstone. I never before read a good defence of Toryism"—MLi
351. |
1874 |
CD to Romanes, "I have so poor a
metaphysical head that Mr.
Spencer's terms of equilibration &c. always bother me and make
everything less clear"—Carroll 446. |
1874 |
CD to Fiske, "with the
exception of special points I did not even understand H. Spencer's
general doctrine; for his style is too hard for me"—LLiii 193. |
1882 |
S
was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral. |
|
Works: |
1862 |
First
principles, London. |
1864 |
The principles of biology,
London. |
1862-1893 |
The whole body of his work in The
synthetic philosophy,
9 vols, London. |
|
Autobiography: |
1889 |
Privately printed. |
1894 |
Published. |
[page] 264
|
|
Spencer,
John Poyntz, 1835-1910. |
|
Whig statesman. 5th Earl
Spencer of Althorp. DNB. |
1882 |
S, as Lord President of the
Council, represented the Queen in Council at CD's funeral. |
"Spengle"
|
|
CD's family name for Dr
S. P.
Engleheart. |
"Spiders"
|
1839 |
"Über der Luftschifferei der
Spinnen", Neue
Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde, (Froriep's
Notizen),
11: cols 505-509 (F1654), translated from pp 187-188 of Journal of
researches, 1839. |
1873 |
"Aeronaut spiders", Gardeners'
Chronicle,
No. 40:1437 (F1765). |
Spottiswoode,
William, 1825-1883. |
|
Physicist. DNB. |
1853 |
FRS. |
1878-1883
|
PRS. |
1882 |
S was, as PRS, a Pallbearer at
CD's funeral. |
1882-1883
|
Chairman, Darwin Memorial
Fund. |
Sprengel,
Christian Konrad, 1750-1816. |
|
Botanist.
Rector of Spandau, but dismissed for neglecting his duties. See
J. C. Willis, Nat. Sci., 2, 1893. |
1793
|
Das
entdeckte
Geheimniss der Natur im Bau und in der Befruchtung der Blumen,
Berlin. Although neglected at the time, was seen by CD as being
most important. |
1841 |
CD read the book on Robert
Brown's recommendation; "full of truth" although "with some little
nonsense"; "It may be
doubted whether Robert Brown ever planted a more fruitful seed than in
putting such a book into such hands"—LLiii 258. |
1873 |
CD to H. Müller, "it is a great
satisfaction to me to believe that I have aided in
making his excellent book more generally known"—LLiii 281. "Wonderful
book"—Barlow, Autobiography 127. |
[page] 265
|
|
Spring
Gardens, London. |
|
No. 17. Home of Erasmus D.
|
1831 |
Sep. CD lodged
there whilst preparing for Beagle voyage. |
Springfield
|
|
House in Cambridge, home of Sir
Richard Jebb. |
1883 |
Feb. ED writes from there—EDii
261. |
Squirrels
|
|
The story of young red squirrels
mistaking CD for a tree on one of his rounds of the sandwalk is given
in Francis D's reminiscences of his father, "their mother barked at
them in agony from a tree"—LLi 115. An American illustration for the
episode, entirely imaginary, is reproduced in Atkins, pl. 4, 41. |
Stack,
James West, 1835-1919. |
|
Missionary in NZ. |
1867 |
S answered Queries
about expression on Maoris, receiving the sheets from Haast—Expression
p. 20. |
1873 |
Feb. S received inscribed copy
of the book. |
Stafford,
Staffordshire. |
1869 |
Jun. 30 CD stopped at
on way back from Barmouth holiday. |
Stainton,
Henry Tibbats, 1822-1892. |
|
Entomologist,
especially of the micro-lepidoptera. DNB. |
1855-1881
|
CD to and from
S, a series of letters on entomological subjects—FUL 106-109. |
1867 |
FRS. |
Stanford,
Sir Charles Villiers, 1852-1924. |
|
Composer. DNB. |
1880 |
ED had organ of Trinity College
Cambridge chapel played
for her by S—EDii 240. |
1902 |
Kt. |
Stanhope,
Philip Henry [I], 1781-1855. |
|
4th Earl.
Eccentric. Chiefly known for his involvement with the psychotic youth
Kaspar Hauser. DNB. |
1807
|
FRS.
|
1849 |
"Long ago I dined occasionally
with the old Earl.
He said one day to me 'Why don't you give up your fiddle-faddle of
geology and zoology, and turn to the occult sciences'"—LLi 283. |
Stanhope,
Philip Henry [II], 1805-1875. |
|
Historian.
5th Earl, better known by his courtesy title of Viscount
Mahon. DNB. |
circa 1842 |
CD dined with S in London and
met Macaulay. |
1849 |
CD dined
with S at his seat, Chevening, Kent. |
1856 |
CD and Lyell dined with S
in London—MLi 94. |
Stanley,
Edward Henry, 1826-1893. |
|
Statesman. 15th
Earl of Derby, Knowsley Hall. |
1882 |
S was a Pallbearer at
CD's funeral. |
Stanley,
Edward Smith, 1775-1851. |
|
13th Earl
of Derby. S kept a large private menagerie at Knowsley Hall. |
1828-1833 |
President
of Linnean Society. |
1837 |
S supported CD's application for
a
Treasury grant for publishing zoological results of Beagle
voyage—LLi 283. |
Star
Hotel, Princes St, Edinburgh. |
1825 |
Oct. CD and
Erasmus Alvey D stayed there briefly before moving into lodgings
in Lothian St. |
[page] 266
|
|
Stauffer,
Robert Clinton |
|
Zoologist of University of
Wisconsin, Madison. |
1975 |
S edited and transcribed CD's Charles
Darwin's Natural Selection, being the second part of his big species
book written from 1856 to 1858, Cambridge (F1583). |
Stebbing,
George James, ?-1860. |
|
Eldest son
of an instrument maker of Portsmouth. Instrument maker and librarian.
Private assistant to FR. S was a supernumerary, at
Fitz-Roy's expense, on second voyage of Beagle. Worked
later at Meteorological Office as optician. |
Stebbing,
Rev. Thomas Roscoe Rede, 1835-1925. |
|
Anglican clergyman and
naturalist. S was one of the most
distinguished of Victorian marine naturalists. Schoolmaster at
Wellington College. |
1869 |
Feb. 1 S lectured on Darwinism
to Torquay
Natural History Society. |
|
Mar. 3 CD wrote to thank S, "but
a clergyman
in
delivering such an address does...much more good by his power to
shake ignorant prejudices"—LLiii 111. |
1870 |
S lectured to same society
on Darwinism and the noachian flood. |
1870 |
CD to S, thanking him for a
copy of Essays on darwinism, London—Carroll 338. |
1881 |
CD to
S, thanking him for a letter on S. Butler affair, Nature,
Lond., 23:336. |
1896 |
FRS. |
Stecher,
Robert M. |
|
American physician of
Cleveland,
Ohio. |
1961 |
S transcribed CD's letters to
and from Innes, Ann. Sci.,
17:201-258. |
1969 |
S transcribed CD's letters to
Bates, Ann. Sci.,
25:1-47, 95-175. These letters then in S's possession. Letters now at
Cleveland Medical Library
Association. |
Stedman,
Rev. Thomas, 1745 Dec. 14-1825
Dec. 5. |
|
Vicar of St Chad,
Shrewsbury. |
1809 |
Nov. 17 baptised CD. |
Stephen,
Sir Leslie, 1832-1904. |
|
Biographer and
critic. Editor of DNB. Founder of Sunday Walking Club,
nicknamed the "Sunday Tramps". DNB. |
1880 |
S was amongst the friends who
advised
CD to ignore Samuel Butler's attack on him. |
1882 |
Jan. 8 S came to Down
House on a Sunday tramp. |
1882 |
S was on "Personal Friends
invited" list
for CD's funeral. |
1902 |
KCB. |
Stephens,
Catherine, Countess of Essex, 1794-1882. |
|
Vocalist and actress. |
1825 |
CD heard her in Edinburgh—MLi 6.
|
1835 |
Retired. |
1838 |
Married 5th Earl of
Essex. |
Stephens,
James Francis, 1792-1852. |
|
Entomologist. |
[1827]-1826
|
Author of Illustrations of
British entomology,
[1827-]1828-1835[-1845], supplement 1846, London, which
contains a number of beetle records, and one of a moth, bearing CD's
name, mostly from Cambridge and North Wales. |
1829 |
Feb. 23, CD took tea with
S, "he appears to be a very good-humoured pleasant little man"—LLi 175.
|
1832 |
S sued James Rennie for
infringement of copyright; his legal costs
of £400 were raised by friends—Darwin-Henslow 79. |
1880 |
CD to Sarah
Haliburton (née Owen), "I remember the pride which I felt when I saw in
a book about beetles the impressive words 'Captured by C.
Darwin'"—LLiii 335. |
[page] 267
|
|
Stephens,
Thomas Selwood |
|
Innes to CD mentions him in
relation to Tegetmeier's design for
beehives—Darwin-Innes 210. |
1859-1867
|
Curate at Downe. |
1865 |
S is mentioned about children
beating
their parents at billiards—EDii 182. |
Stereoscopic
Company |
circa
1881 |
This company
photographed CD, see H. and M. S. J. Engel, Janus,
49:53-66. A copy of one of the pair is in Arten-Bibliothek, University
of Amsterdam. |
Stevens,
Thomas, 1809-1888. |
|
Warden and founder of
Bradfield College, Berkshire. |
1839 |
Married 1 Caroline Tollet. |
1839 |
Josiah
Wedgwood [II] gave a piano to ED, as a wedding present ?which had been
his property. |
1839 |
Feb. 4 Mrs Josiah W to ED, "Mr.
Stevens is now below
strumming upon our old affair"—EDi 30. |
1863 |
Innes to CD mentions
S—Darwin-Innes 216. |
Stevenson,
Elizabeth Cleghorn,
1810-1865. |
|
Novelist, Mrs Gaskell. CD's
second cousin. Daughter of Rev. William S.
|
Stevenson,
Rev. William
|
|
Father of Elizabeth Cleghorn S.
Unitarian minister. Married
Eliza
Willett. |
Stewart,
Lady Caroline
|
|
Second daughter of ?2nd Marquis
of Londonderry. Sister to FR's mother. Married Col. Thomas Wood. Mother
of A. C. and T. Wood.
|
Stewart,
Peter Benson, 1808-? |
|
Mate on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
CD spells "Stuart". |
Stirling,
Scotland. |
1827 |
CD visited on a spring tour. |
Stoddart,
D. R. |
1962 |
S transcribed CD's mss notes
on coral islands, Atoll Research Bull., No. 88, 20 pp. |
Stoke
d'Abernon, Upcott, Surrey. |
1795-1800 |
Home of Josiah
Wedgwood [II]. |
Stokes, Francis
Griffin, 1852/1853-? |
|
Historian and
bibliographer of Windsor, Berkshire. |
1878 |
CD to S, on intonations of
young children—Carroll 541. |
George Gabriel Stokes, 1819-1903(Sir George Stokes). |
|
Mathematician and physicist, Lucasian Professor of mathematics,
Cambridge University, 1849-1903. Secretary of the Royal Society of London,
1854-85; president, 1885-90. President of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, 1869. Conservative M.P. for Cambridge University,
1887-91. Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1902-3. Created baronet, 1889.
FRS 1851. Corresponded with CD. |
Stokes, John
Lort, 1812-1885. |
|
Naval Officer. S served on all
three voyages of Beagle. Was mate and
Assistant Surveyor on 2nd voyage. Commanded at end of 3rd, during which
he was speared by aborigines. After 18 years, a record, on Beagle,
surveyed New Zealand and the English Channel. Nearly became
Hydographer. DNB. |
1838 |
CD
saw in London. |
1846 |
Author of Discoveries in
Australia. |
1864 |
Rear Admiral. |
1877 |
Admiral. |
1882 |
Apr. 27 S letter in The
Times, printed
immediately after report on CD's funeral, about CD's seasickness. CD
would say "Old fellow I must take the horizontal for it". "It was
distressing to witness this early sacrifice of Mr. Darwin's health, who
ever afterwards seriously felt the ill-effects of the Beagle's
voyage". |
1883 |
Apr. 25 S letter in The
Times on CD—LLi 224. |
Stonehenge,
Wiltshire. |
1877 |
Jun. CD visited from
Southampton. |
"Stoney
field" |
|
Great Pucklands was so-called
by the
Ds because of the large number of surface flints, due to recent
ploughing. See Pucklands. |
Stowe,
Darwin, fl.
1638. |
|
Named after his
great-grandfather Henry Darwin. |
1667 |
Married Ann Brown of
Gainsborough,
Lincs. |
"Strawberries" |
1862 |
"Cross-breeds of strawberries", J.
Hort.,
3:672 (Bii 70, F1720). |
[page] 268
|
|
Strickland,
Hugh Edwin, 1811-1853. |
|
Naturalist. DNB.
|
1842
|
Author of Strickland code
of zoological nomenclature, published by British Association. |
1849 |
CD to S, on difficulties
in nomenclature in relation to his barnacle work—LLi 372, MLi 68. |
1852 |
FRS. |
1853
|
S was
killed by a train. |
Strickland,
Sefton West, 1839-1910. |
|
Barrister.
Cambridge friend of William Erasmus D. S was often at Down House. |
1882 |
S was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Stringer,
Mary, ?-1768. |
|
Daughter of Rev.
Samuel Stringer. Married
Thomas
Wedgwood [III]. CD's great grandmother. |
Stringer,
Samuel |
|
Unitarian minister of Newcastle
under Lyme. Father of Mary S.
|
"Struggle
for existence" |
1859 |
"We will now
discuss in
a little more detail the struggle for existence"—Origin, ch.
3.
The phrase was used by Malthus in relation to social competition. |
1966
|
Williams-Ellis 1966 p. 147 in
quotes gives
"The contented face of nature hides a never ceasing war" as being from
CD and Wallace 1858 Linn. Soc., but it is a paraphrase, not
a
quote. |
"Struggle
for Life" |
1859 |
Phrase first used in title
of Origin. |
Strutt,
John William, Baron Rayleigh, 1843-1919. |
|
Physicist.
Cambridge friend of CD's sons. |
1873 |
3rd Baron FRS. |
1879-1884
|
Cavendish Professor of
Experimental
Physics. |
1882 |
S was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
1908-1919
|
Chancellor. |
1904 |
Nobel Prize Physics. |
Strzelecki,
Count Paul Edmund, 1796-1873. |
|
Australian
explorer. The title was from his Polish ancestry. DNB. |
1853 |
FRS. |
1856 |
CD to
Hooker, S was on election committee of Athenaeum, and CD proposed to
speak to him about election of Huxley—MLi 89 (misspelt "Strezlecki"). |
1869 |
KCMG. |
Stuart &
Huntsman
|
|
CD's tailor.
|
Stuart,
Catherine, ?-1797. |
|
Married as first wife Sir
James Mackintosh. |
Stuart,
Ch. E. Sobieski, Count
d'Albanie |
|
CD Autobiography
pp. 71-82 "Dr Wallich gave me a collection of photographs he had made,
and I was struck with the resemblance of one to Fitz-Roy; on looking at
the name I found it Ch. E. Sobieski Stuart, Count d'Albanie,
illigitimate
descendant of the same monarch [Charles II]". |
Stutchbury,
Samuel, 1797-1859. |
|
Curator Bristol Philosophical
Institution. Provided CD with much material for Barnacles—L.Harrison
Matthews 1982 Notes and Records Roy. Soc. 36:261-6. |
Sudbrooke
Park, Petersham, Surrey. |
|
Water cure
establishment run by Dr Richard James Lane with Edward
Wickstead Lane as physician. ?Moved from Moor Park. A golf
clubhouse in 1978. |
1860 |
Jun. CD at—LLii
256, 324. |
Suess,
Eduard, 1831-1914. |
|
Austrian palaeontologist. |
1871 |
CD to S, on his election as
Foreign Corresponding Member of
Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna—Carroll 397. |
Sulivan,
Sir Bartholomew James, 1810-1890. |
|
Naval
Officer. Joined FR on 1st voyage of Beagle. 2nd Lieutenant
on 2nd voyage
of Beagle. Chief Naval Officer at Board of
Trade. Biography 1896: H. N. Sulivan (son) Life and letters of S,
London Murray. DNB. |
|
S made
enquiries for CD on feral cattle and horses—J. Researches 1845
ch. ix. |
1840 |
S called on CD—J. A. Sulivan,
great grandson, Mariners
Mirror 1979 65:76—Lois Darling Mariners Mirror 1978
64:325. |
1849 |
S ranched and traded in Falkland
Is. |
1850 |
S was visited in Falkland Is by
Huxley. |
1863 |
Rear Admiral. |
1867 |
S persuaded CD
to subscribe to South American Missionary Society's orphanage in Tierra
del Fuego—LLiii 127. |
1869 |
KCB. |
1870 |
Vice Admiral. |
1877 |
Admiral. |
1885 |
Jun. 9 S was present at
unveiling of statue
of
CD in British Museum (Natural History). |
Sumner,
John Bird, 1780-1862. |
|
J. M. Smith said CD was
influenced by S's view that the
divinity
of Christ was shown to be true because of the rapidity with which it
was adopted in the western world—B.B.C. 1979 Sep. 23. |
1816 |
Treatise on the records of
creation. |
1821 |
The
evidence of christianity derived from its nature and reception—Gruber,
Darwin on man
pp. 124-8 |
1828-1848 |
Bishop of Chester.
|
1848- |
Archbishop
of Canterbury.
|
Sunday
Society |
1875 |
Aug. 6 founded. CD founder
member and one of a
long list of Vice Presidents which included Huxley, Erasmus A. D. and
H. Spencer. CD donated £2.2.0 but did not subscribe. Object "to obtain
the opening of museums, art galleries, aquariums and gardens on
Sundays"—Sunday Rev. 1876 Oct. 1 p. 68. |
"Sunday
Tramps |
"
|
An intellectual walking club,
technically called the Sunday Walking Club, organized by Leslie Stephen.
|
1882 |
They dined
at Down House, and perhaps other occasions. |
[page] 269
|
|
Surman,
F. W. |
1881 |
Secretary to Erasmus Alvey D.
After EAD's death, Aug. 26, CD wrote to about some post at British
Museum (Natural History)—Carroll 607, 608. |
Surtees,
Harriet, see Allen. |
Surtees,
Rev. Matthew, ?-1827. |
|
Rector of North Cerney,
Wiltshire.
"The family greatly disliked Mr.
Surtees, and he appears to have been jealous, ill-tempered, and
tyrannical"—EDi 4. |
1799 |
Married Harriet
Allen
d.s.p. |
1816 |
Mrs Josiah Wedgwood to
her sister
Frances Allen "the most incomparably disagreeable man I ever saw"—EDi
86. |
1824 |
Mrs Josiah Wedgwood to
her sister Madame Sismondi, "Harriet is positively very much attached
to him incredible
as it may seem...he is a dying man"—EDi 158. |
"Survival
of the Fittest" |
1859 |
"The expression often
used by Mr. Herbert Spencer of the survival of the fittest is more
accurate and is sometimes equally convenient"—Origin, ch. 3. |
Sutcliffe,
Thomas, ?1790-1849. |
1834 |
Aug. 28 CD to RF "I have met a
strange genius a Major Sutcliffe" who had sent a book of old voyages of
the Straits of Magellan to Mr Caldcleugh for RF—Keynes p. 235. |
Sutton,
S. |
?1871 |
CD to A. D. Bartlett, S was a
keeper
at the Zoological Society of London's Gardens, Regent's Park, who made
many observations on monkeys for Expression. |
Swainson,
William, 1789-1855. |
|
Cabinet naturalist. S was a
proponent of the quinary system of Macleay in
classification. DNB. |
1820 |
FRS. |
1844 |
CD to Hooker, "I feel a laudable
doubt and
disinclination to believe any statement of Swainson"—MLi 403. |
Swale,
William, 1816-1875. |
|
Gardener from Norfolk. |
1857 |
Went to
Christchurch NZ and became prosperous nurseryman. |
1858 |
CD to S on
introduced plants. To CD with four honeybees stuck to letter. CD sent
it
to Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. and Gardeners' Chronicle
extracts
on
p. 829 after CD's paper "On the agency of bees". |
Swanage,
Dorset. |
1847 |
Jul. CD had family holiday at. |
Swedish
|
|
First editions in: |
1869 |
Origin of species
(F793). |
1872 |
Journal of
researches (F259). |
1872 |
Descent
of man (F1136). |
1959 |
Autobiography (F1546). |
Swift,
Rev. Benjamin, 1819-?1833. |
|
Married Georgina
Elizabeth Darwin. Father of Francis Darwin S. |
1857-1874 |
Vicar of Birkdale,
Lancashire. |
Swift,
Francis Darwin, 1864-? |
|
Second son of Benjamin
S and
Georgina Elizabeth Darwin. CD's half-cousin. |
circa 1920 |
S compiled and
had
printed as a broadsheet Some collateral ancestors of Erasmus Darwin;
this takes the ancestry back to Isaac II, Angelus, Eastern Emperor
1185-1204, in skeleton form. The male D line only goes back to 1644. |
Swift,
Georgina Elizabeth, see Darwin. |
Swinhoe,
Robert, 1836-1877. |
|
Ornithologist and
consular official in China. |
1866 |
CD to P. L. Sclater, S had
written to CD about common domestic duck of China. |
1867 |
CD sent S Queries
about expression, which S had printed in Notes and Queries
for China and Japan, 1:105. |
1871 |
Feb. S visited Down House. |
1876 |
FRS. |
[page] 270
|
|
Sydney,
New South Wales. |
1836 |
Jan. 12 Beagle
arrived at Port Jackson and anchored in Sydney Cove. CD made short
expedition to Bathurst. |
|
Jan. 30 Beagle left
for Tasmania. |
Sykes,
William Henry, 1790-1872. |
|
Soldier and
naturalist. |
1834 |
FRS. |
1849 |
CD travelled with S to British
Association
meeting at Birmingham. |
1859 |
CD to S, recommending Edward
Blyth for
position as naturalist on China expedition. |
Symonds,
Hyacinth |
|
Daughter of William Samuel S.
Married 1 Sir
William Jardine, Bart.
|
1876
|
Married 2 Sir Joseph Dalton
Hooker. |
Symonds,
Mary Anne Theresa,
1784-1850. |
|
Daughter of
Capt. Thomas S. Breeder of silkworms. Referred to in Variation. |
1806 |
Married Capt. John Whitby. |
1846
|
CD met W at meeting of British
Association, Southampton.
|
1846 or 1847,
1849 |
CD to. |
1849 |
A manual for rearing
silkworms, London—Colp 1972 Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med.
481870-6. |
Symonds,
Sir William, 1782-1856.
|
|
Naval Officer. DNB. |
1832-1847 |
Surveyor of the Navy. |
1835 |
FRS. |
1837 |
Kt. |
1848 |
Jul. CD went in S's yacht from
Swanage to Poole—Journal. |
1854 |
Rear-Admiral. |
Symonds,
Rev. William Samuel, 1818-1887. |
|
Anglican
clergyman and geologist. Father of Hyacinth S. Rector of
Pendock, Worcestershire. DNB. |
1835 |
FRS. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, refers to letter
from S on
imperfections of geological record—MLi 170. |
[page 271]
T
|
|
Tahiti
|
|
Society Islands, British Colony,
later
French. |
1835 |
Nov. 15/16 Beagle
arrived, having crossed the
dateline as it was then and lost a day. Anchored in Matuvai Bay.
Missionaries were most hospitable. |
|
Nov. 18 CD landed at Papeete and
had a short inland expedition,
returned
Nov. 20. |
|
Nov. 25 Queen
Pomare IV entertained on board. |
|
Nov. 26 Beagle sailed
for New
Zealand. |
1836 |
"A letter containing remarks on
the moral state of Tahiti,
New Zealand &c.", S. Afr. Christian Recorder, 2:221-238
(F1640). CD's first publication, except for beetle records in Stephens.
|
Tait,
Robert Lawson, 1845-1899. |
|
There are eight
letters from CD to T at Shrewsbury School—N&R 79-82. |
1871-1893 |
Surgeon and
gynaecologist at Hospital for diseases of women, Birmingham . |
1875 |
CD to T, about use of tails for
sensory purposes by mice—MLi 358. |
1875 |
Apr. 18 T stayed at Down
House—Carroll 465. |
1876 |
T reviewed 2nd
edition of Variation in Spectator, Mar. 4—MLi 363. |
1880 |
Jul. 19 CD sent T £25 "for your
scientific fund in
Birmingham"—N&R 82. |
1881 |
T to CD, T had spoken strongly
in favour
of Origin in his physiology lectures at Midland Institute,
and inviting CD to visit Birmingham—unpublished letter. |
Tait,
William Chester, 1844-1928. |
|
Botanist. T was
resident at Oporto. He provided CD with specimens of Drosophyllum
for Insectivorous plants, after Hooker had been unable to get
them. CD wrote to thank T—MLii 381. |
Talandier,
Pierre Theodore Alfred |
|
Prof. French
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. |
1860 |
CD to Quatrefages, T wanted to
translate Origin into French—Carroll 193. |
Tara
|
|
A cob at Down House, used for
the coach. "Was only seen to be moving by reference to the
hedges."—Bernard
D p. 13. The coachman pronounced him "tearer". T
died when ED was 87. |
Tasker, Mrs
|
1873 |
T let lodgings in Downe. |
Tasmania
|
1836 |
Feb. 5-17 Beagle at
Storm
Bay. CD made short inland journeys. |
Taylor,
Elizabeth |
|
Daughter of John T.
|
1766 |
Married Thomas Wedgwood [V]. |
Taylor, John
|
|
Master potter of Hill Top works,
Burslem. Father of Elizabeth T. |
Tearle,
W. |
|
Of St Neot's, Cambridgeshire. |
1880 |
CD to
T, cannot help with his religious doubts. |
[page] 272
|
|
"Teasel"
|
1877 |
Note to Mr Francis Darwin's
paper, Quart.
J. Micr. Sci.,
17:272 (F1777). Francis D, "On the protrusion of protoplasmic filaments
from the glandular hairs on the leaves of the common teasel" (Dipsacus
sylvestris), ibid., 17:245-277. |
1877 |
[Letter] "The
contractile filaments of the teasel", Nature, Lond., 16:339
(Bii 205, F1778). |
Teesdale,
Mr |
1880 |
T took Down Hall—Darwin-Innes
248. |
1880 |
Romanes to CD mentions him twice
in relation to death of
Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood—Life of Romanes 99, 100. |
1881 |
Jul. 23
Romanes spent day with T at Down Hall and called on CD, the last time
they met. |
1887 |
T was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's
funeral. |
Tegetmeier,
William Bernhard, 1816-1912. |
|
Ornithologist and poultry
fancier. T helped CD extensively with
information for Variation. T is
mentioned in Origin and Descent—biography
E. W. Richardson, son-in-law, 1916 esp. ch. x. |
1855-1881
|
"Correspondence began in 1855,
and
lasted to 1881"—LLii 57. |
1855 |
CD visited T at Wood
Green, Middlesex. |
1887 |
T called on ED at Down House. |
before 1912 |
Over 160 letters CD to T sold in
USA. |
Tenby,
South Wales. |
|
South Cliff House. Home of four
Allen sisters: |
1827
|
Harriet
Surtees after death of husband 1827. |
1842
|
Jessie Sismondi after
death of husband 1842. |
1843
|
Emma and Frances Allen after
death of
John Hensleigh Allen 1843. |
"Tendency
of Species to Form varieties" |
|
The details of the preparation
and publication of this
fundamental paper are given in LLi 115-138.
|
1858 |
"On the
tendency of species to form varieties, and on the perpetuation of
varieties and species by natural means of selection", by Charles
Darwin...and Alfred Wallace, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., 3,
No. 9:1-62 (Bii 3, F1699). Communicated by Lyell and Hooker, Tuesday
Jul. 1. |
|
See also Zoologist,
16:6263-6308 (F349). |
|
First foreign
editions: |
1870 |
German (F365). |
1939 |
Russian (F370). |
1960 |
Italian (F368). |
Teneriffe,
Canary Islands. |
|
See also Canary
Islands. |
1832 |
Jan. 7 Beagle
anchored there, but CD could not land there because of quarantine
regulations. |
Tennyson,
Alfred, Baron, 1809-1892. |
|
Poet. EB DNB. |
1849 |
In
memoriam contains the idea of a struggle for
existence. |
1868 |
Summer, T called on CD several
times at Freshwater, Isle of Wight.
T "did not greatly charm or interest either my father or mother"—EDii
190. |
1884 |
1st Baron. |
circa
1885 |
T to Dr Grove, "I
don't want you to go away with a
wrong impression. The fact is that long before Darwin's work appeared
these ideas were known and talked about"—Poulton, Darwin and the
Origin 9. |
[page] 273
|
|
"Termites"
|
1874 |
"Recent researches on termites
and
honey bees", Nature, Lond., 9:308-309 (Bii 182, F1768),
introducing a letter from Fritz Müller. |
"Terrestrial
Planariae" |
1844 |
"Brief descriptions of
several terrestrial planariae and of some remarkable marine species,
with an account of their habits", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
14:241-251 (Bi 182, F1669). |
Thackeray,
Anne Isabella, 1837-1919. |
|
Daughter of
William Makepeace T. Novelist. |
1877 |
Married Richmond Ritchie, her
first cousin. |
1881 or
1882 |
T visited Down House, "a most
amusing and pleasant person"—MLii
448. |
1882 |
T was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Theory
of Descent |
1875-1876 |
Studien zur
Descendenz-Theorie, Leipzig. The original does not contain
CD's
notice. |
1882 |
August Weismann, Studies
in the theory of descent, 2 vols, London; prefatory notice by CD
v-vi (F1414); translated from German by Raphael Meldola, with notes and
additions by the author. |
1939 |
Foreign edition, of CD's notice
only: Russian (F1415). |
Thiel,
Dr Hugo, 1839-1918. |
1869 |
CD to T, thanking
for pamphlet Über einige Formen der Landwirtschaftlichen
Genossenschaften. T was at Agricultural Station, Poppelsdorf. "You
apply to moral and social questions analogous views to those which I
have used in regard to modification of species"—LLiii 112. |
Thierry,
Charles Philip Hippolytus, Baron de,
1793-1864. |
|
French refugee and colonist.
DNB.
|
1845 |
CD to Henslow on T's
death, "King of Nukahiva and Sovereign Chief of New Zealand. I wonder
what has become of his wretched wife"—Darwin-Henslow 154. The date of
the letter is correct but DNB states that T died in 1864. |
"This
is the Question" |
1838 |
CD's notes on whether or
not to marry. Mss at Cambridge University Library is so headed. Written
at 36 Great Marlborough St. Text printed in Barlow, Autobiography,
231-234. Sydney Smith [II] has suggested that they were scribbled down
in ED's presence, whilst flirting; if so, before Nov. 12, when they
became engaged. |
Thomas, William
Rees, 1887-1978. |
|
Physician and psychiatrist. |
1944-1947 |
Medical
Superintendent Rampton. |
1948 |
Married Ruth Frances Darwin as
second
wife. |
1950 |
CB. |
"Thompson"
|
1858 |
"Thompson of Calcutta"—LLii 113 see
Thomas Thomson. |
Thompson, Mr
|
1880 |
A resident at Downe, "affected
by
the creeping palsy"—Darwin-Innes 248. |
Thompson,
Mr |
|
?A nurseryman—MLii 301. |
1881 |
CD to Thiselton-Dyer, on plants
with different-coloured anthers. CD had written to T for seed of Clarkia
elegans. |
[page] 274
|
|
Thompson,
Sir Harry Stephen Meysey, Bart, 1809-1874. |
|
Brother of Thomas Charles T.
Agriculturalist. DNB. |
1834 |
"The two Thompsons of Trinity",
Cambridge friend
of CD—LLi 256. |
1859-1865
|
MP for
Whitby. |
1874 |
1st Bart. |
Thompson,
James D'Arcy Wentworth, 1860-1948. |
|
Zoologist. DNB. |
1883 |
T
translated Hermann Müller, Die Befruchtung der Blumen durch
Insekten, Leipzig 1873, as The fertilisation of flowers,
London, with preface by CD vii-x (F1883); see LLiii 275. |
1884-1917 |
Prof. Natural History
Dundee. |
1916 |
FRS. |
1950 |
Foreign
translation, CD's preface only: Russian (F1433). |
Thompson,
Thomas Charles, 1811-1885. |
|
Brother of H. S. M.
Thompson. |
1834 |
"The two Thompsons
of Trinity", Cambridge friend of CD—LLi 256. |
1848-1885
|
Rector of Ripley, Surrey. |
Thompson,
William, 1805-1852. |
|
Naturalist and linen
draper of Belfast. DNB. |
1849 |
CD to H. Strickland, T "who is
fierce for the
law of priority"—LLi 370. |
1851 |
CD in introduction to Living
Cirripedia, "The distinguished Natural Historian of Ireland". |
Thomson,
Sir Charles Wyville, 1830-1882. |
|
Biologist. T held several
chairs in Ireland.
DNB. |
1869 |
FRS. |
1870 on |
Prof. Natural
History Edinburgh. |
1872 |
Director of scientific staff on
the Challenger and edited
results. |
1876 |
Kt. |
1880 |
T wrote anti-evolution
introduction
to the Challenger results:
"The character of the abyssal fauna refuses to give the least
support to the theory which refers the evolution of species to extreme
variation guided only by Natural Selection"—MLi 388. |
1880 |
Letter by CD,
Sir Wyville Thomson and natural selection, Nature, Lond.,
23:32 (Bii 223, F1789), in which CD severely castigates T, "standard of
criticism not uncommonly reached by theologians and metaphysicians", see
also MLi 388. CD omitted, on advice from Huxley, "for, as Prof.
Sedgwick remarked many years ago, in reference to the poor old Dean of
York, who was never weary of enveighing against geologists, a man who
talks about what he does not in the least understand is invulnerable". |
Thomson, Thomas,
1817-1878. |
|
Physician and botanist
in India. T held botanical appointments in Calcutta. |
1855 |
FRS. |
1858 |
T
to CD, about "what heat our temperate plants can endure"—LLii 113,
spelt "Thompson". |
1860 |
T to CD, anti-Origin,
but kindly. |
1860 |
May 15 "He is evidently a strong
opposer to us". |
1863 |
CD to Hooker,
about T's views on inheritance of acquired characters; CD wrote on
"foreign paper" for
forwarding—MLi 233. |
[page] 275
|
|
Thomson,
Sir William, Baron Kelvin, 1824-1907. |
|
Physicist. K was
amongst the most distinguished astronomical physicists of his day, but
was quite wrong about the age of the earth. EB DNB. |
1851 |
FRS. |
1846-1899
|
Prof. Natural Philosophy
Glasgow. |
1866 |
Kt. |
1869 |
CD to Hooker, "I feel
a conviction that the world will be found rather older than Thomson
makes it"—MLi 314. |
1890 |
PRS. |
1892 |
1st Baron Kelvin of
Largs. |
1902 |
OM. |
Thorley,
Miss |
1850-1856 |
Governess at Down House "for
many
years", certainly from 1850-1856, when she was replaced by Miss
Pugh. |
1851 |
T was present at Malvern when
Anne Elizabeth D died. |
1855 |
T
helped CD with studies of wild plants—Allan 154. |
1882 |
T was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Thwaites,
George Henry Kendrick, 1811-1882. |
|
Botanist
and microscopist. T was a frequent correspondent, especially on
dimorphic flowers—Carroll 293, 295, 297. DNB. See also Bull. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist
Ser.,
4:4:205-219, 1972. |
1847 |
CD met at British Association
meeting in
Oxford—Carroll 118. |
1849 on |
Director of Botanic Garden
Peradeniya,
Ceylon. |
1860 |
T was originally anti-Origin,
but was coming round—LLii 347, MLi 144, Darwin-Gray 90. |
1865 |
FRS. |
1867 |
Oct. 26 CD
sent T printed Queries about expression. T provided
information about elephants for Expression—Carroll 325, 342,
358. |
Tierra del
Fuego, Argentine/Chile. |
|
Group of islands
at southern tip of South America. See also Boat
Memory, York Minster, Jemmy Button, Fuegia Basket, Richard Matthews,
Thomas Bridges. |
1834 |
Feb. 12-Mar. 12, Jun. 9-12 Beagle
surveyed there, CD several times ashore. |
Times |
|
Mail coach from London to
Cambridge. |
1829 |
CD
to W. D. Fox, CD had travelled by—LLi 174. |
Times, The
|
|
London newspaper. |
1785 |
Jan. 1 founded as Daily
Universal Register. |
1859 |
CD to Lyell, "the greatest
newspaper in
the world"—Carroll 182. |
1863 |
CD to Gray, "The Times
is
getting more detestable (but that is too weak a word) than ever [on
slavery]. My good wife wishes to give it up, but I tell her that is a
pitch of heroism to which only a woman is equal. To give up the 'Bloody
Old Times', as Cobbett used to call it, would be to give up
meat, drink and air"—LLiii 11. |
Timirazev,
Kliment Arkadeevich |
|
Botanist. Prof.
Botany Moscow. T wrote several books on darwinism and published
memories of his visit. See J. A. Rogers, Isis,
64:498-501, 1973. |
1877 |
T visited Down House and had a
two-hour talk with CD. |
1878 |
CD to Dyer, suggesting that D
should get in touch with
T about equipping physiological laboratories "who seemed so good a
fellow"—MLii 417. |
1920 |
U. Darvina v Daune, Nauka
demokratiia,
105. |
[page] 276
|
|
"Tineina"
|
1860 |
"Do the Tineina or other small
moths
suck flowers, and if so what flowers?", Entomologist's Weekly
Intelligencer,
8:103 (Bii 35, F1708). |
Tollet,
Caroline, ?-1840. |
|
Daughter of George T. |
1839 |
Married
Thomas Stevens. |
Tollet,
Charles |
|
Son of George T. T changed his
name
to Wicksted on inheriting Shakenhurst, Worcestershire. Sporting and
family friend of CD. |
Tollet,
Ellen, ?-1890 Jan. |
|
Daughter of George T. She was a
life-long friend of ED. |
1883 |
ED
visited. |
1890
|
"This death cuts off my last
link
with past life"—EDii 287. |
Tollet,
George, né Embury, 1767-1855. |
|
Agricultural
reformer of Betley Hall, Staffordshire. Close friend of Josiah Wedgwood
[II].
T assumed the surname on inheriting Betley from his cousin Charles T.
T's wife was a very strict calvinist. Three or more daughters, one son.
The children
were personal friends of ED and CD from childhood. |
1816 |
John Wedgwood
lost his fortune in a crisis at Davison's Bank, of which he was a
partner. T let him have a house on his estate at a low rate "for the
pleasure of their society"—EDi 102. |
1839 |
T answered Questions
about the breeding of animals—J. Soc. Biblphy. Nat. Hist.,
5:220-225, 1969. |
Tollet,
Georgina |
|
Daughter of George T. |
1826
|
Lost an arm through an abscess.
|
1859 |
CD asked John
Murray to send mss of chapters 1-3 of Origin for her to read.
She
finally read whole mss. T was then of 14 Queen Anne St, London. "The
lady, being an excellent judge of style, is going to look out for
errors for me"—LLii 156. "One lady who has read all my MS, has found
only two or three obscure sentences"—LLii 157. |
1881 |
T wrote Country
conversations, London privately printed. |
Tollet,
Marianne |
|
Daughter of George T. Married
William Clive.
|
Tommy
|
|
A quiet cob which CD rode for
his health on
Bence Jones's recommendation. |
1868 |
CD took T to Isle of Wight by
train—Nature,
Lond., 7:360, 1873. |
1869 |
Apr. T stumbled and rolled on CD
on Keston
Common, bruising him badly. |
|
26 Sep. he had been riding when
Anton Dohrn visited
Down House.—EDii 195, Carroll 369. |
Tony |
|
A male dog owned by Sarah
Elizabeth Wedgwood
[II]. |
1880 |
When she died, he was taken over
by CD. |
Torbitt,
James |
|
Agriculturalist of Belfast. |
1876-1878 |
CD, with Farrer and Caird,
subscribed to keep his work on potato blight
going. CD to Farrer on the matter—LLiii 348. |
1878 |
CD to T, pessimistic
on same subject—MLi 373. |
[page] 277
|
|
Torquay,
Devon. |
1861 |
Jul. 1-Aug. 26 CD had family
holiday at. CD made observations on flight paths of male humble bees
there. |
Tower
House, see Trowmers. |
Travers,
William Thomas Locke,
1819-1903. |
|
Botanist. T to CD on natural
hybridization in plants—S. H. Jenkinson N.Z.
Centennial Surveys 1940 xii p. 121. |
1849 |
Went to
Nelson, NZ. |
Treat,
Mrs Mary, 1830-1923. |
|
Of New Jersey, USA. Provided
information
on Dionaea for Insectivorous plants—Amer. Nat.,
Dec. 1873:715. |
Trimen,
Roland, 1840-1916. |
|
Entomologist.
Civil servant in South Africa. Poulton, Darwin and
the Origin, 213-246, which prints the letters. WWH. |
1859 |
T's reminiscences of CD,
"I...saw
Darwin in the Bird Galleries...A clerical friend with me, also a
naturalist...echoed White's warning by indicating Darwin as 'the
most dangerous man in England'". |
1863 |
"On the fertilisation of Disa
grandiflora", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.),
7:144,
written
by CD from T's notes. |
1863-1871 |
Eighteen letters from CD to T,
on
orchids and on evolutionary problems in the Lepidoptera. |
1867 |
Dec. T
stayed at Down House. |
1868 |
Mar. T lunched with CD at 4
Chester Terrace,
London house of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [II]. |
1883 |
FRS. |
Tristram,
Henry Baker, 1822-1906. |
|
Anglican clergyman
and ornithologist. DNB. |
1859 |
T at first accepted Origin,
but was later against. |
1860 |
T to Newton, "The infallibility
of the God
Darwin and prophet Huxley"—Life of Newton 122. |
1868 |
FRS. |
"Trotty", or
"Trotty Veck" |
|
Childhood nickname of
Henrietta Emma D. |
Trowmers
|
|
House at Luxted Rd., Downe,
north of Down House, earlier
known as Trowmer or Trowmer Lodge, and later as Tower House, named
after original family who owned it. |
1868-1880
|
Taken by Sarah Elizabeth
Wedgwood [II] and where she died in 1880. |
Truelove,
Edward, 1809-1899. |
|
Publisher and
socialist. |
1871 |
Published R. D.
Owen's Moral physiology, London ? edition of 1871, on
contraception. |
1878 |
T was convicted in High Court
for publishing Moral physiology. |
1878 |
CD to a son of T, unable to sign
a memorial against
the conviction because he had not heard of T before the trial—Carroll
539. |
"Truttle's"
(Truettel's & Wurz and Richter). |
|
A London bookseller. 30 Soho
Square. |
1833 |
Henslow to CD, "I will ask your
brother to enquire at Truttle's for Cuvier, Anatomie
des mollusques, Paris 1817—Darwin-Henslow 67. |
Tuamotu
Archipelago |
|
Pacific Island group, also
known as Dangerous or Low Archipelago. Fitz-Roy spells "Tuaamotu", with
chart in appendix to Vol. 2 of Narrative. |
1835 |
Nov. 9-13 Beagle
sailed through on way to Tahiti, charting two new islands, but did not
stop. |
[page] 278
|
|
Tuckwell,
W., 1829-1919. |
|
Anglican clergyman and
schoolmaster. |
1860 |
T was present at Oxford British
Association meeting
and wrote it up in Reminiscences of Oxford, 50, 1900—MLi 157.
|
Turkish
|
|
First editions in: |
1968 |
Descent of man (F1137). |
1970 |
Origin of species
(F796). |
Turnbull,
Catherine, see Mackintosh. |
Turnbull,
G. H. |
|
Married Catherine Mackintosh
[III]
as
second
husband. |
Turner,
Dawson, 1775-1858. |
|
Banker, naturalist and
botanist. Father of Maria Sarah T. |
1803 |
FRS. |
Turner,
Edward Francis, 1850 Apr. 12-1933 Aug 22. |
|
T was for many years
solicitor to D family. See W. M. Hacon. |
Turner,
James Farley, ?-1841. |
1826
|
Christ's College Cambridge. A Cambridge friend of CD.
|
1834-1841
|
Vicar of Kidderminster,
Worcestershire.
|
Turner,
Maria Sarah, 1797-1872. |
|
Eldest daughter of
Dawson
Turner. Mother of J. D. Hooker. |
1815 |
Married Sir William
Jackson Hooker. 2 sons, 3 daughters. |
Turner, Sir
William, 1832-1916. |
|
Physician. CD met at Royal
Society. CD sent T 4th edition of Origin—MLii 37. DNB. |
1866 |
T supplied much information for Descent.
|
1867-1903 |
Prof. Anatomy Edinburgh. |
1871 |
T to
CD, pointed out CD's confusion of intercondyloid foramen in the humerus
with the supracondyloid, in Descent, i 28—MLii 105. |
1877 |
FRS. |
1901 |
KCB. |
1903-1916
|
Principal University of
Edinburgh. |
Tyke
|
1881 |
A male family dog at Down House.
|
Tyler,
Anne, ?-1855. |
|
Daughter of Sir
George T of Cottrels, Glamorganshire. |
1836 |
Married Thomas Josiah Wedgwood. |
Tyler,
Helen Mary |
1866 |
Married John Darwin Wedgwood. |
Tylor,
Sir Edward Burnett, 1832-1917. |
|
Anthropologist. DNB. |
1871 |
FRS. |
1871 |
CD to T, on receiving a copy of
T's book Primitive
culture—LLiii 151. |
1884- |
Reader in Anthropology Oxford.
|
1896 |
Prof. |
1912
|
Kt. |
Tyndall,
John, 1820-1893. |
|
Physicist. T was a
distinguished
scientific popularizer. DNB. |
1852 |
FRS. |
1864 |
CD to Hooker, "I am sorry to
hear that
Tyndall has grown dogmatic. H. Wedgwood was saying the other day that
T's writing and speaking gave him the idea of intense conceit. I hope
it is not so for he is a grand man of science"—MLii 155. |
1867-1887 |
Superintendent of Royal
Institution. |
1868 |
Oct. 24 T
stayed the night at Down House with Gray and the Hookers. |
1874 |
Lyell to
CD, congratulating him of T's Presidential Address to British
Association at Belfast, "you and your theory of evolution may be fairly
said to have had an ovation"—LLii 455. The Address with additions
published London 1874, also in Fragments of science,
2 vols, 6 edition 1879. |
1882 |
T was on "Personal Friends
invited" list
for CD's funeral. |
[page] 279
Tyndall,
John, 1820-1893. |
|
Physicist. T was a
distinguished
scientific popularizer. DNB. |
1852 |
FRS. |
1864 |
CD to Hooker, "I am sorry to
hear that
Tyndall has grown dogmatic. H. Wedgwood was saying the other day that
T's writing and speaking gave him the idea of intense conceit. I hope
it is not so for he is a grand man of science"—MLii 155. |
1867-1887 |
Superintendent of Royal
Institution. |
1868 |
Oct. 24 T
stayed the night at Down House with Gray and the Hookers. |
1874 |
Lyell to
CD, congratulating him of T's Presidential Address to British
Association at Belfast, "you and your theory of evolution may be fairly
said to have had an ovation"—LLii 455. The Address with additions
published London 1874, also in Fragments of science,
2 vols, 6 edition 1879. |
1882 |
T was on "Personal Friends
invited" list
for CD's funeral. |
[page 280]
U
|
|
Ukrainian
|
|
First editions in: |
1936 |
Origin of species
(F797). |
1949 |
Autobiography (F1547). |
Ullswater
|
1881 |
Jun. 2-Jul. 4 CD with ED,
William E. D., Henrietta
Emma
D and Bernard D spent holiday at Glenrhydding (= Glenridding) House,
near Patterdale, Cumberland, on shores of Ullswater; CD's last
holiday—H. P. Moon
1982 Arch. Nat. Hist. 10:509-14. |
Union
Bank of London |
1873 |
CD banked with—1979 Sotheby
Jun. 18 a
£50 cheque to Sydney Sales. |
Unione
|
|
Publisher of Turin. |
1871-1888 |
Published
eleven first Italian editions of CD's works. |
1875 |
Also 2nd Italian
edition of Origin of species. |
United
States of America |
|
First editions published
in: |
1846 |
Journal of researches
(F16). |
1860 |
Origin of Species
(F377). |
1868 |
Variation
under domestication (F879). |
1871 |
Descent of man (F941). |
1872 |
Expression of the emotions
(F1143). |
1875 |
Insectivorous
plants (F1220). |
1876 |
Climbing plants (F838).
|
1877 |
Fertilisation
of orchids (F802). |
1877 |
Cross and self fertilisation
(F1250). |
1877 |
Different forms of flowers
(F1278). |
1880 |
Erasmus Darwin (F1320).
|
1881 |
Movement in plants
(F1327). |
1882 |
Vegetable mould
and worms (F1363). |
1887 |
Life and letters
(F1456). |
1889 |
Coral
reefs (F278). |
1891 |
Volcanic islands and South
America
(F283). |
1903 |
More
letters (F1549). |
1956 |
Biographical
sketch of an infant (F1306). |
1975 |
Zoology of the voyage of
the Beagle, Part V, Reptiles
only (F9a). |
Upper
Gower Street, London. |
|
No. 12, later 110 Gower
St., first home of CD and ED on marriage. They called it Macaw Cottage
from the gaudy
curtains. It was rented furnished, with a long thin garden backing on
to Gower Mews North, later Malet Place. |
|
Staff: Gardener, Williams;
Menservants, Edward, Jordan, Parslow. |
1838 |
Dec. 31 CD moved in. |
1839 |
Jan. 29 ED moved in. |
|
William Erasmus D and Anne
Elizabeth D were
born
there. |
1842 |
Sep. 14 ED left for Down
House. |
|
Sep. 16 CD left. |
|
For many years the house was
part of Messrs Schoolbred's
warehouse system. |
1904
|
Dec. 13 the original plaque was
put up. |
1941
|
It was bombed 1941 and not
repaired. |
1961
|
Site now part of
Biological Sciences building of University College London, which bears
the London County Council blue plaque to "Charles Darwin Naturalist",
which was originally on the house. The present plaque with different
wording was put up 1961. Garden part of Foster Court car
park in 1978. |
Upper
House, Barlaston,
Staffordshire. |
1847 |
Built as home of Francis
Wedgwood. |
Ur-hund,
see Polly. |
[page] 281
|
|
Usborne,
Alexander Burns, 1809-?1887. |
|
Known as "Jimmy". Master's
Assistant on 2nd
voyage of Beagle. Went on 3rd voyage. Surveyed New Zealand
for FR.
Fitz-Roy, J. R. Geogr. Soc.,
6:311-343, 1836. |
1835 |
U took command of small schooner
Constitution and surveyed the whole coast of Peru,
after Beagle had left
for Galapagos Islands.
|
1836
|
Oct. U
returned to England via Cape Horn. |
1836 |
Before Nov. the boat was then
sold. |
1840 |
Called on
CD in London |
1867 |
Captain.
|
1887 |
U was alive—LLi 221. |
[page 282]
V
|
|
Valdivia,
Chile. |
1835 |
Feb. 8-20 Beagle at. |
|
Feb. 20 earthquake. CD was on
board and Fitz-Roy in the town. |
Vale
Cottage |
|
Perhaps W. D. Fox's family home
at Osmaston near Derby. |
1835 |
CD to W. D. F., from Lima,
mentions it. |
Valparaiso,
Chile. |
1834 |
Jul. 22 Beagle
arrived at. |
|
Aug. 14-Sep.
27 CD stayed ashore and made expedition inland. |
|
CD then ill until end Oct., when
Beagle returned and set out
for Chiloe. |
1835 |
Mar. 11 Beagle at
again. |
"Van
John" |
|
University slang
for vingt-et-un, a card game. |
1829 |
CD to W. D. Fox, from Cambridge,
"A
little of Gibbon's History in the morning, and a good deal of Van
John in the evening"—LLi 176. |
1880 |
CD to J. M. Herbert mentions V,
again in italic—Notes and Records, 23:73. |
Variation
Under Domestication |
1867-1869
|
Title in
Russian [On the origin of species. Section I. The variation of
animals and plants under domestication. The domestication of animals
and the cultivation of plants], St Petersburg, translated from
English corrected proofs by V. O. Kovalevskii; issued in 7 parts, of
which 1-4 appeared in 1867, preceding the 1st English edition (F925). |
1868 |
The variation of animals and
plants under domestication,
2 vols, London (F877), 1st issue Jan., 4 lines errata in Vol. 1, 7 in
Vol. 2. |
|
2nd issue with corrections
(F878), 1 line erratum in Vol. 1. |
1875 |
2nd edition (F880). |
1969 |
Facsimile of 2nd issue
(F908). |
|
First foreign editions: |
1868 |
French (F912), German
(F914), USA (F879). |
1876 |
Italian (F920). |
1889 |
Dutch (F912). |
1959 |
Hungarian (F919). |
1963 |
Romanian (F924). |
"Variations"
|
1862 |
"Variations affected by
cultivation", J. Hort., 3:696 (Bii 71, F1721). |
1873 |
George H. D. "Variations
in organs", Nature, Lond., 8:505 (Bii 292, F1763), by G. H.
D.
but gives his father's views. |
"Variegated
Leaves" |
1844 |
"Variegated leaves", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 37:621 (Bi 198, F1667). |
Vaux,
Henry Sandys Wright, 1818-1885. |
|
Antiquary and
ancient geographer. DNB. |
1841- |
Department of Antiquities
British Museum. |
1856 |
CD consulted V about Variation—Carroll
128. |
1868 |
FRS. |
[page] 283
|
|
Vaynol,
North Wales. |
1826 |
CD visited on riding tour with
Caroline Sarah D—Journal. |
Vegetable
Mould and Worms |
1881 |
The formation
of vegetable mould through the action of worms, with observations on
their habits, London (F1357). See Sir
Arthur Keith, Nature, Lond., 149:716, 1942. |
1881-1882
|
3rd-6th thousands (F1359-1362)
contain small
corrections by CD. |
1882 |
7th thousand (F1364) contains
small changes by Francis D. |
1888 |
11th thousand
(F1373) contains small changes by Francis D. |
1969 |
Facsimile of 2nd thousand
(F1410). |
|
First foreign
editions: |
1882 |
French (F1403), German (F1404),
Italian (F1407), Russian
(F1408), USA (F1363). |
1896 |
Armenian (F1402). |
Veitch,
James, 1792-1863. |
|
Nurseryman, with his son James,
of Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea,
London. J. H. Veitch, Hortus
Veitchii, London 1906. |
1861 |
V supplied orchids for CD's
work, "Mr James Veitch has
been most generous"—LLiii 768, MLii 276. |
Veitch,
James, 1815-1869. |
|
Nurseryman, with his father
James, of Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea,
London. J. H. Veitch, Hortus
Veitchii, London 1906. |
"Verbascum",
see "Primula" 1868. |
"Vermin
and Traps" |
1863 |
"Vermin and traps", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 35:821-822 (Bii 83, F1728). |
Vernon,
Colonel |
1832 |
Nov. 11 CD to Caroline mentions
"a
brother-in-law of Miss Gooch" who CD had met at Montevideo who was
doing a tour, on to Lima then overland to Mexico.—CCD I p. 277. |
Vestiges
|
1844 |
Vestiges of the natural
history
of creation, London. An anonymous work on evolution, by Robert
Chambers q.v. |
circa 1850 |
CD to Hooker, calls the author
"Mr Vestiges",
although he had identified the author correctly. |
Vierweg,
Friedrich, und Sohn
|
|
Publisher of
Brunswick, Germany. |
1844 |
Published Journal of
researches, the
1st translation or printing abroad of any of CD's books, and the only
translation of the 1st edition. |
Villa
Franca, Baron de |
1881 |
CD to Romanes, V "wrote
to me from Brazil about two years ago" on sugar-cane varieties—MLi 390.
|
1887 |
CD to Romanes, R would prepare
paper on sugar-cane hybrids for the
press, see "V and Glass", Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
80-81—Carroll
611. |
"Vincas" |
1861 |
"Fertilisation of Vincas", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 24:552 (Bii 40, F1711). |
1861 |
"Vincas", ibid.,
No. 37:831-832 (Bii 41, F1716). |
Vinchuca
|
|
American Spanish, Quechua
wihchuykuk—OED Suppl. 4
1985 = benchuca, which is not in Dict. |
Vines,
Sydney Howard, 1849-1934. |
|
Botanist.
Reader in Botany Cambridge. DNB. |
1881 |
Oct. CD and ED took tea with in
Cambridge. |
|
Nov. CD to V on plant
chemistry—LLiii 346. |
1885 |
FRS. |
[page] 284
|
|
Virchow,
Rudolf Ludwig Carl, 1821-1902. |
|
Pathologist
and politician. |
1856- |
Prof.
Pathological Anatomy Berlin. |
1877 |
V gave an address at Münich
connecting evolution with socialism, published as Die Freiheit der
Wissenschaft im modernen Staat, Berlin. |
1878 |
Translated into English. Haeckel
replied to it. |
1878 |
V seconded CD's election to
Koeniglich-Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin. |
1881
|
CD sat between V and Donders at
the Int. Congr. Med.
|
1884 |
Foreign Member RS. |
1892 |
Copley Medal. |
Vivisection
|
|
CD's part in the agitation and
Commission on this subject are considered in LLiii 199-221 and MLii
435-441. See
also David Ferrier. |
1875 |
CD to Romanes, warns R not to
discuss experiments on
animals in front of Darwin women, since it would horrify them—Carroll
465. |
1881
|
1881 CD letter to Frithiof
Holmgren, The Times, Apr. 18, Brit. Med. J.,
1:660, Nature, Lond., 23:583 (F1792). Also in
anti-Vivisection pamphlet by George Jesse (F1356), all 1881, also in
LLiii 205-206, and in Sweden. |
1881 |
"Mr Darwin on vivisection", The
Times,
Apr. 22 (F1793). |
1881 |
CD to Romanes, about The
Times letter, "I thought it fair to bear my share of the abuse
poured in so atrocious
a manner on all physiologists"—Life of Romanes 116. |
Vivisection
Commission |
|
Members: Baron
Winmarleigh,
W. E. Forster, Sir J. B. Karslake, T. H. Huxley, Prof.
Erichsen, R. H. Hutton, with Nathaniel Baker, Secretary. |
1875 |
Nov. 5 CD gave evidence
before it in London. Viscount Cardwell, the Chairman,
came to the door to receive him. |
1876 |
Report
of the Royal Commission on the practice of subjecting live animals to
experiments for scientific purposes; with the minutes of evidence and
appendix, London, HMSO Command 1397; CD's evidence 234, paras
4662-4672 (F1275). |
1876 |
Digest of evidence
etc., Command
1397.1, CD's evidence 34 (F1270). |
Volcanic
Islands |
1844 |
Geological observations
on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle,
together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the
Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage
of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitz-Roy, R.N. during the
years 1832 to 1836, London (F272), appendices by G. B. Sowerby [I]
and W. Lonsdale. |
1851 |
Combined edition of the three
parts
from unsold
sheets, with new preliminaries (F274). |
1876 |
2nd edition, combined with
Part 3 South America (F276). |
1891 |
3rd edition, combined as
2nd edition (F282). |
1972 |
Facsimile of an 1896 issue
(F307). |
|
First
foreign editions: |
1877 |
German (F312). |
1891 |
USA (F283). |
1902 |
French (F310). |
1936 |
Russian (F323). |
[page] 285
|
|
"Volcanic
Phaenomena and Mountain Chains" |
1838 |
"On the
connexion of certain volcanic phaenomena, and on the formation of
mountain chains and volcanoes as the effect of continental elevations",
Proc. Geol.
Soc.,
2:654-660 (Bi 53, F1649). |
1840 |
"On the connection of certain
volcanic
phaenomena in South America; and on the formation of mountain chains
and volcanoes as the effect of the same powers by which continents are
elevated", Trans. Geol. Soc., 5:601-631 (Bi 54, F1656). |
"Volcanic
Rocks and Glaciers" |
1845 |
"Extracts from
letters to the General Secretary, on the analogy of the structure of
some volcanic rocks with that of glaciers", Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb.,
2:17-18 (Bi 193, F1670); letters from CD to E. Forbes. |
Voyage
of the Beagle, see
Journal of researches. |
|
This title was first used in
Harmsworth Library edition, 1905 (F106). |
Voyage
of the Beagle, Charles Darwin and, see
Charles Darwin and etc. |
Voyage
of the Beagle, diary see Diary of the
voyage etc. |
[page 286]
W
|
|
Waddington,
Mrs, see Marianne Port. |
Wagner,
Johann Andreas, 1797-1861. |
|
German geologist. |
1861 |
Author of Zur Feststellung der
Artbegriffen, München
Situngb., 301. |
1863 |
CD to Falconer, "Poor old Wagner
always attacking me in a proper
spirit"..."sent me two or three little brochures, and I thanked him
cordially"—MLi 229. |
Wagner,
Moritz Friedrich, 1813-1887. |
|
German
traveller and naturalist. |
1868 |
CD to Weismann on W's views
about
evolution in his pamphlet Die Darwin'sche Theorie und das
Migrationsgesetz, Munich, English translation London 1873—LLiii
157, MLi 311. |
1872 |
CD to Weismann refers to W's
views—LLii 156. |
1876 |
CD
to W, about his evolutionary essay in Das Ausland, May 31,
1875—LLiii 158. |
Wagner,
Rudolph, 1805-1864. |
|
German anatomist and
physiologist. Prof. Zoology Göttingen. |
1860
|
Abstract of L. Agassiz, Essay
on classification,
1857, "Louis Agassiz's Principien der Classification...mit Rücksicht
auf Darwins", Göttingischen Gelehrten, 1860—LLii 330. |
1860 |
CD to Huxley, W had sent CD
a copy of his "Abstract". |
Wales
|
|
CD visited Wales on ten
occasions. |
1813 |
Summer, family holiday at Gros,
Abergele. |
1819 |
Jul. family holiday,
Plas Edwards, Towyn. |
1820 |
Jul. riding tour with Erasmus
Alvey D,
Pistyll Rhaeadr. |
1822 |
Jul. holiday with Susan
Elizabeth D, Montgomery. |
1828 |
Summer, reading party under G.
A. Butterton, Barmouth. |
1829 |
Jun.
beetle collecting with F. W. Hope, Barmouth. |
1830 |
Aug. beetle
collecting North Wales. |
1831 |
Aug. geology trip with A.
Sedgwick,
Llangollen, Ruthin, Conway, Bangor, Capel Curig, then Barmouth alone. |
1842 |
Jun. for geology, Capel Curig,
Bangor, Caernarvon. |
1869 |
Jun.
family holiday, Caerdeon, Barmouth. |
Walker,
Francis, 1809-1874. |
|
Entomologist. Assistant
at British Museum. |
1839 |
W described CD's chalcid
material from Beagle
in Vol. 2 of Monographia Chalciditum, 2 vols, London, and
elsewhere. |
[page] 287
|
|
Wallace,
Alexander, 1830-1899. |
|
Physician and
lepidopterist of Colchester. W is often referred to in Descent
as an expert on
various species of silkmoth. |
1868 |
CD to J. Weir, giving W's views
on
sexual selection in Bombyx mori—MLii 66. |
1868 |
CD to H. T.
Stainton, giving W's views on sex ratio in Bombyx cynthia—FUL
108. |
Wallace,
Alfred Russel, 1823 Jan. 8-1913 Nov. 7. |
|
Eighth child (of nine) of
Thomas Vere W and Mary Ann
Greenell.
Traveller and naturalist. W's first employment was, by his brother
John,
as a land
surveyor. |
|
Hooker called W "Darwin's
true knight". Although CD and W were always on friendly terms
and W often visited Down House, there was never the intimacy that there
was with Hooker, Falconer or Huxley; nor did they fully understand each
other's scientific views. |
|
Biography: Marchant 1916; George
1964.
Bibliography: in Marchant 1916. 1966 H. L. MacKinney, Alfred Russel
Wallace and the discovery of natural selection, J. Hist. Med.,
21:333-357, discusses the development of W's views and its relationship
to those of CD. Biography 1972 H. Lewis
McKinney, Wallace and natural selection, Yale, 1983 Arnold
C. Brackman A delicate arrangement: the strange case of Charles
Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, New York. DNB. |
1855 |
"On the law which has regulated
the
introduction of new species", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
16:184-196. |
|
The most important periods of
his life were, as a collector
of natural history specimens: |
1848-1852
|
In the Amazons. |
1854-1862 |
In the
Malay Archipelago. |
1857 |
CD to W, "You say that you have
been somewhat surprised at no
notice having been taken of your paper in the Annals. I cannot say that
I am, for so very few naturalists care for anything beyond the mere
description of species"—LLii 108. |
1858 |
Jun. 18 Fri. CD received letter
from W, written at Ternate, Mollucas, enclosing his paper "On the
tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type" in
mss. CD wrote to Lyell the same day "Your words have come true with a
vengeance—that I should be forestalled"—LLii 116. |
1858 |
Jul. 1 Tues. Hooker and Lyell
communicated CD and W's joint
paper to Linnean Society, "On the tendency of species to form varieties
and species by natural means of selection", J. Proc. Linn. Soc.
Lond.,
Zool., 3:45-62 (F346), W's paper 54-62. |
1858 |
Jul. 25 CD sent "Some
half dozen copies" of the offprint to W and "I have many other copies
at
your disposal". |
|
Oct. 12 CD to Hooker, "I have
sent eight copies by post to Wallace, and will
keep others for him"—LLii 138. The whole episode is considered in
detail in LLii 115-140. |
1860 |
Dec. 24 W to Bates, "I do
honestly believe
that with however much patience I had worked and experimented on the
subject, I could never have approached the completeness of his book—its
vast accumulation of evidence, its overwhelming argument, and its
admirable tone and spirit". |
1866 |
Married Annie Mitten. 2 sons, 1
daughter:
1. Herbert Spencer W, 1867-1874; 2. Violet Isabel W, 1869-1945
unmarried; 3. William Gore W, 1871-1951. |
1868 |
Royal Medal. |
1870 |
CD to W, "I fear we shall never
quite
understand each other"—LLiii 125. |
1871 |
"I then applied to Mr Wallace,
who has an innate genius for solving difficulties"—Descent i
416. |
1879 |
Dec. 17 CD and Hooker first
raised
the matter of W's income—LLiii 228. |
until
1881 |
On his return to England, his
only income until 1881 was from sale
of specimens and from authorship. |
1881 |
Jan. 7 granted a civil list
pension of £200 per annum. |
1882
|
W was Pallbearer at CD's
funeral. |
1889 |
DCL
Oxford. |
1890 |
Darwin Medal (first recipient). |
1892 |
Refused FRS. |
1905 |
FRS. |
1908 |
Copley Medal.
|
1908 |
Linnean Society Darwin-Wallace
Medal (first recipient). |
1908 |
OM. |
up to
1913
|
W moved house often and had
four houses built to his own design, the last at Wimborne, Dorset,
where he died. W's last
house
was Old Orchard, Broadstone, Dorset, destroyed 1964. A road through
modern development is called Wallace Court. |
1913
|
Buried Broadstone. |
1915 |
Nov. 1 memorial to in
Westminster Abbey, next to that of CD. |
|
Main works: |
1853 |
Palm trees of the Amazons
[250
copies]. |
1853 |
Travels on the Amazons.
|
1869 |
Malay
Archipelago. |
1870 |
Contributions to the theory
of natural
selection. |
1876 |
Geographical distribution of
animals. |
1882 |
Island life. |
1889 |
Darwinism. |
1908 |
Autobiography: My
life, 2 vols. |
[page] 288
|
|
Wallich,
George Charles, 1815-1899. |
|
Physician and
marine biologist. Army
surgeon and botanist in India. DNB. |
1859-1860
|
Naturalist on H.M.S Bulldog.
|
1860 |
W sent CD a copy of his pamphlet
Notes
on the presence of animal life at vast depths in the sea, London,
for private circulation. CD thanks W for—N&R 58. |
1861 |
CD met W at
Linnean Society—MLi 184. |
1882 |
Mar. 28 CD to W, on deepwater
organisms
and asking for a copy of his lecture on Protista; CD's last recorded
letter—N&R 59. |
Walpole,
Lady Dorothy Frances, 1826-1913. |
|
Elder
daughter of Horatio W, 5th Earl of Orford. W called on
CD at Down House but he was ill. CD called on
W several times in London. Biography: R. Nevill
(son), London 1919, 56-58, has reminiscences and one letter. CD signed
W's birthday book, which was illustrated by Kate Greenaway. Biography
Nevill
1984. |
|
Told CD about her Siamese cat
which was the colour of an otter and perhaps the first in
England—Biography
Nevill 1984.
|
1848 |
Married
Reginald
Henry Nevill. |
1851-1878
|
W was an enthusiastic gardener
at Dangstein, Rogate,
Hampshire. |
1861 |
W helped CD with Orchids,
"responded
in a wonderfully kind manner, and has sent a lot of treasures"—MLii
278. |
1874 |
CD to W, thanking her for
providing plants for Insectivorous
plants, especially Utricularia montana, which lives in
moss on trees, unlike the usual species which are aquatic—LLiii 327,
Carroll 449. |
1910
|
Autobiography: Under five
reigns,
London, 106-112, has reminiscences of CD and five letters from. |
[page] 289
|
|
Walpole,
Colonel John |
1834 |
Aug. 28 CD to RF mentions
calling on "but he was in bed—or
said so"—Keynes p. 235. |
1837-1847
|
Consul General at Santiago,
Chile. |
Walsh,
Benjamin Dann, 1808-1869. |
|
Brother of J. H. Walsh.
Entomologist. W was
contemporary with CD at Cambridge. C. V. Riley
described W as "one of the ablest and most thorough entomologists of
our time"—MLi 248. |
1838 |
Fellow of Trinity. |
1864 |
W to CD,
reintroducing himself; they had met in CD's rooms at Cambridge. W
comments on Origin, "The first perusal staggered me, the
second convinced me, and the oftener I read it the more convinced I am
of the general soundness of your theory"—MLi 249. |
1868-1869 |
W emigrated
to USA and was State Entomologist of Illinois. |
1868 |
CD to W, on 13- and 17-year
cycles in
cicadas—MLii 89. |
1868 |
W to CD, he could not answer
CD's Queries
about expression. |
1869
|
Killed in a railway accident. |
Walsh,
John Henry, 1810-1888. |
|
Brother of
Benjamin Dann W. Naturalist. W wrote under pseudonym of "Stonehenge". |
Walton
Hall, near Pontefract, Yorkshire. |
|
Home of
Charles Waterton.
|
1845 |
Sep. CD visited and stayed the
night—LLi 343. |
Ward,
William George, 1812-1882. |
|
Catholic theologian
and philosopher. |
1861 |
CD sent W Gray's pamphlet Natural
selection not inconsistent with natural theology—Darwin-Gray 76,
where Henshaw Ward is suggested. |
Wareham,
Dorset. |
1847 |
Jul. CD and family visited
on way to holiday at Swanage. |
Waring,
Anne, 1662-1722. |
|
Daughter of Robert W.
CD's great-great-grandmother. W inherited manor
and hall of Elston, near Newark, Staffordshire, from George Lassels or
Lascelles, her mother's second husband. See also Brass Close.
|
1680 |
Married
William Darwin [VI]. |
Waring, Robert,
?-1662. |
|
Father of Anne W and origin
of the
forename Waring in the Darwin family. CD's
great-great-great-grandfather. |
Warren,
Mr |
1853 |
CD to Henslow. W had written to
CD
from Brighton; the matter concerned some speculative investment; but
Barlow was unable to trace further—Darwin-Henslow 169. |
Warrington,
Robert, 1807-1867. |
|
Chemist and one of
the earliest popularizers of the marine aquarium. |
1867 |
CD to
Wallace, "Mr Warrington has lately read an excellent and spirited
abstract of the 'Origin' before the Victoria Institute, and as this
is a most orthodox body, he has gained the name of the Devil's
Advocate. The discussion which followed...is very rich from the
nonsense talked"—LLiii 69. Identification uncertain. |
[page] 290
|
|
Waterhouse,
Alfred, 1830-1905. |
|
Architect. Atkins 89 suggests
that W
visited Down House, but in error for George Robert W. q.v. |
1865 |
W
designed British Museum (Natural History). |
Waterhouse,
George Robert, 1810-1888. |
|
Mammalogist
and entomologist. Keeper of Mineralogy and Geology at British
Museum (Natural History). A friend of CD and often at Down House. DNB. |
1838-1839
|
W wrote Zoology of the
voyage of the Beagle, Part
II, Living Mammalia. |
1843 |
CD to Lyell, "if Waterhouse is
hired he will enjoy his seven shillings a day from the British Museum,
as much as most men would ten times the sum!"—LLi 344. |
1843 |
CD to W, "I
believe...that if every organism which ever had lived or does live
were collected together...a perfect series would be presented,
linking all...into one great quite indivisible group"—Memorials
of Charles Darwin, 8, 1909. |
1847 |
CD reviewed W's A natural
history of the Mammalia Vol. 1, Marsupialia, 1846, in Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist.,
19:53-56, unsigned, (Bi 214, F1675), CD's only book review. |
Waterton,
Charles, 1782-1865. |
|
Naturalist and
traveller. Walton Hall, near Pontefract, Yorkshire. EB
DNB. |
1825 |
Author of Wanderings in
South America, London. |
?1826 |
CD met W
in
Edinburgh with J. Edmonston who had been trained as a bird skinner by
W. |
1845 |
CD visited W at Walton Hall. |
1845 |
CD to Lyell, "He is an
amusing strange fellow; at our early dinner, our party consisted of two
catholic priests and two Mulatresses" [W's sisters-in-law]—LLi 344.
|
Watford
Natural History Society, later
Hertfordshire. |
1877 |
CD Honorary Member. |
Watkins,
Frederick, 1808-1888. |
|
Cambridge friend of CD, member
of the Gourmet Club. |
1860 |
CD
to W on evolution, "I think the arguments are valid, showing that all
animals have descended from four or five primordial forms; and that
analogy and weak reasons go to show that all have descended from some
single prototype"—LLii 328. |
1874-1888 |
Archdeacon of York. |
1887 |
W gives memories of CD
collecting
beetles and talking of the beauty of the Brazilian forests—LLi 168. |
[page] 291
|
|
Watson,
Hewett Cottrell, 1804-1881. |
|
Botanist and
phrenologist, specialist in distribution of British plants.
W
accepted evolution by natural selection. |
1857 |
CD to
Hooker, W had marked up a Flora for CD to show which he considered to
be good species. |
1859 |
CD sent W 1st edition of Origin. |
1861 |
CD to Hooker, W accuses
CD of egotism, "In the first four paragraphs of the introduction, the
words 'I', 'me', 'my', occur forty-three times"—LLii 362. |
Way,
Albert, 1805-1874. |
|
Antiquary. Cambridge friend
of CD. They collected beetles together. Drew an ink sketch, now at
Cambridge, of CD riding a
beetle and smoking. Drew illustrations for one of CD's books—Burkhardt
1982. DNB. |
"Became acquainted with
Fox and Way and so commenced Entomology"—Journal. |
1843-1865 |
W edited Promptorium
parvulorum. |
1860 |
Apr. CD to W
about antiquarian information on breeds of horses, "Eheu, Eheu, the old
Crux Major days are long past" [Panagaeus crux-major, a beetle
collected by CD and Way at Cambridge]—Carroll 205.
|
Weale,
James Philip Mansel (c. 1838-1911) |
|
English naturalist and farmer in South Africa c. 1860-1878.. See Origin, 5th edition, 439, 1869. F1748. Calendar. |
1867 |
CD to Hooker, W had sent seeds
from locust dung from
Natal—MLii 4. |
1868 |
CD to Hooker, the grasses from
the seeds had
flowered—MLi 303. |
Webb,
Mr |
|
?Curator of Ipswich
Museum—Darwin-Henslow 173. |
1855 |
CD to Henslow, CD was sending
cirripedes to care of W. |
Webster,
Mary, ?-1952. |
|
Known as "Mary Ernest"; "an
orphaned young
woman ...who was estranged from her adopted parents","stupid, dull and
small-minded"—W&W pp. 327, 333. |
1887 |
Married Ernest
Hensleigh
Wedgwood. |
Wedgwood,
Aaron, 1666-1743. |
|
Father of Richard W [I].
|
Wedgwood,
Aaron, 1722-1768. |
|
Fifth child of Thomas W [I]. Fat
and stupid,
known as "The Alderman" from his pomposity. CD's great-uncle. |
Wedgwood, Abner
[I], 1699-? |
|
Younger brother of Thomas W [I].
Potter.
CD's great-great-uncle. |
Wedgwood, Abner
[II], 1780-1835. |
|
Son of "Useful" Thomas W [V].
Potter. Developed transferware etc. CD's second cousin twice removed. |
Wedgwood,
Agnes, see Harley. |
Wedgwood,
Alfred Allen, 1842-1892. |
|
Fifth child of
Hensleigh
W. Known as "Tim".
CD's first cousin once removed. |
1866 |
Gave up being a
Midshipman. |
1873 |
Married Margaret Rosina Ingall.
2 sons, 1 daughter: l. Bertram Hensleigh, 2. James
"Jem" Ingall, 3. Margaret Olive, known as Olive.
|
1884 |
Living at Horsley; "no sign of
either ability or
ambition". |
1887 |
Separated from
Rosina. |
Wedgwood,
Allen [I], see John Allen W. |
Wedgwood,
Allen [II], 1893-1915. |
|
Only son of Ernest H. W. Killed
at Suvla Bay. A herbarium by him is at Marlborough College,Wiltshire. |
Wedgwood,
Amy, 1835-1910. |
|
Second and only unmarried child
of Francis W.
"Tiresome, selfish, narrow-minded spinster"—W&W p. 3.
CD's first
cousin once removed. |
Wedgwood,
Ann |
|
Daughter of Josiah W
1712-1776. Married Philip Clark. Mother of Mary Clark.
|
Wedgwood,
Anne, see Tyler. |
Wedgwood,
Anne Jane, 1841-1877. |
|
Fourth child of
Henry Allen W. CD's first cousin once
removed. |
1870 |
Married Ralph Edward Carr. |
Wedgwood
Arms |
|
W&W state that the original
arms must have been
gules four mullets argent. They illustrate the arms of W of Heracles,
Staffordshire: Gules, four mullets and a canton (plain) argent; a crest
coronet and a lion passant, armed and langued gules, argent; motto
Obstanta discendo (I split asunder obstacles) of 16-18C. |
|
Most of the
potter Ws of 18-19C were not armigerous. |
|
Debrett gives arms for recent
Barony and Baronetcy, but 4 mullets in cross; for the Barony "on either
side a lion rampant queue fourchee argent supporting a staff raguly
gales"; the Baronetcy has no supporters; in both cases the crest is not
armed and langued gules. |
Wedgwood,
Arthur, 1843-1900.
|
|
Fifth child of Henry
Allen W.
Unmarried. CD's first cousin once removed. Secretary to Charity
Organization Society.
|
Wedgwood,
Arthur Felix, 1877-1917. |
|
Known as Felix. Civil engineer.
Captain North Staffordshire Regiment. |
1910 |
Married
Katherine
Longstaff. 2 daughters, 1 son: 1. Frances Katherine 1912-, 2. Felicity
Emily 1913-, 3. Cecil Felix Nivelle 1916-. |
1910 |
Shades of a titan, a
novel. |
1917
|
Killed at Bucquoy.
|
Wedgwood,
Audrey, see
Doris Audrey W. |
Wedgwood,
Bertram Hensleigh,
1876-1951. |
|
Elder son of Alfred Allen W.
Known as
"Berry". Shipbroker of Liverpool. Served as Officer in Boer War.
W&W p. 274. |
1905 |
Married 1 Winifred Eyre
Heriz-Smith. 1 daughter, 2 sons: 1. Margaret Eyre Hope 1906-?, 2.
Hensleigh Cecil W 1908-?, 3. Geoffrey V. A. W. 1911-? |
1921 |
Divorced. Left his home at
Horsley, Surrey, and dumped his two young sons on Snow W at Queen Anne
St. |
1922 |
Married 2 Andrée Marie Perrier
1899-? |
Wedgwood,
"Bessy" [I], see Elizabeth Allen. |
Wedgwood,
"Bessy" [II], see Sarah Elizabeth
W [II]. |
Wedgwood, Camilla Hildegard, 1905-?
|
|
Fifth child of Josiah Clement W.
|
Wedgwood,
Caroline Elizabeth, |
|
Second child of Henry
Allen W.
Unmarried.
CD's first cousin once removed. Is not mentioned at all in W&W. Is
in pedigree in Emma Darwin,
although not in Index.
|
Wedgwood,
Caroline Louisa Jane, see Catherine Louisa Jane Wedgwood. |
[page] 292
|
|
Wedgwood,
Caroline Sarah, see Darwin. |
Wedgwood,
Catherine, 1774-1856. |
|
Sixth child of
Josiah W [I].
Unmarried. Known as "Kitty". CD's aunt. Lived at Parkfield,
Staffordshire. |
1823
|
Spring. Moved to Shrewsbury to
be under constant supervision of Robert Darwin.
|
Wedgwood,
Catherine E.
|
|
Tenth child of Thomas W [III].
Married Rev. William Willett. Grandmother of Sir Henry Holland and of
Elizabeth
Cleghorne Stevenson (Mrs Gaskell). |
Wedgwood,
Catherine Louisa Jane, 1799-1825.
|
|
Fourth child of John W [IV].
Unmarried. CD's first cousin. |
Wedgwood,
Major Cecil |
|
Only child of Godfrey W and
Mary Hawkshaw. CD's first cousin twice removed. First lived in a rented
house at Chapel
Chorlton near Maer. Major in North Staffordshire Militia
in South African war. "Looked like a viking"—W&W p. 128. WWH. |
1863 |
Mother died at his birth.
|
1879 |
Joined pottery. |
1884-1916 |
Partner Josiah W and
Sons Ltd. |
1889 |
Married Lucie Gibson daughter of
William E. Gibson of Cork.
2 daughters: 1.
Phoebe Sylvia 1893-, 2. Doris Audrey 1894-1968. |
1891 |
Partner. Moved to Leadendale. |
1902 |
DSO. |
?1905
|
Chairman. |
1909-1910
|
First Mayor of Stoke on Trent. |
1916
|
Killed at La Boiselle. |
Wedgwood,
Cecily Frances, 1876-1904. |
|
Fourth child of Clement Francis
W. |
1903 |
Married Gen. Sir
Arthur Money, KCB. |
Wedgwood,
Cecily Mary, see Cicely Mary W. |
Wedgwood,
Charles, 1800-1823. |
|
Fifth child of John W [IV].
Unmarried. CD's first cousin. In East India Co. service. "An
undisciplined
and adventurous young man had died of fever in India"—W&W p.
225. |
Wedgwood,
Charlotte, 1797-1862. |
|
Daughter of Josiah W [II]. CD's
first cousin and
sister-in-law. Known as "Lotty". |
1832 |
Married Charles Langton as first
wife. |
1824 |
"Her fair hair reached to her
knees"—EDi 155. |
1862
|
W died at St Leonard's, Sussex. |
Wedgwood,
Cicely Mary, 1837-1917. |
|
Third child of Francis
W. CD's first cousin once removed. Emma
Darwin reads "Cicely". W&W reads "Cecily". |
1865
|
Married
John Clarke Hawkshaw. |
1867 |
W was in Cambridge. |
Wedgwood,
Dame Cicely Veronica, 1910-1997. |
|
Daughter of Sir Ralph Lewis W.
Known
as Veronica and Dame Veronica. Historian.
|
1968 |
DBE. |
1969 |
OM. |
Wedgwood,
Clement Francis,
1840-1889. |
|
Fourth child of
Francis W. Potter of Etruria. CD's first cousin once removed. |
1866 |
Married Emily
Rendel. 5 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Francis Hamilton,
2. Clement Henry 1870 and died that year, 3. Josiah Clement, 4. Ralph
Lewis, 5. Cicely Frances, 6. Arthur Felix. |
|
Home
Barlaston Lee on marriage. |
1889
|
Died of cancer.
|
Wedgwood,
Constance Rose, 1846-1902. |
|
Sixth child of
Francis
W. CD's first cousin once removed. |
1880 |
Married Hermann Franke. |
Wedgwood,
Doris Audrey, 1894-1968. |
|
Second child of
Cecil
W. Known as Audrey. Married — Makeig-Jones. Secretary to the pottery in
WWI. |
Wedgwood,
Edith Louisa
|
|
Daughter of Robert W and
Mary
Halsey. CD's first cousin
once
removed. |
1877 |
Married Clement Frederick
Romilly Allen. |
Wedgwood,
"Effie", see Katherine Euphemia W. |
Wedgwood,
"Eliza", see Sarah Elizabeth W
[III]. |
Wedgwood,
Elizabeth |
|
Sister of John W [I]. Married
Samuel Astbury.
|
Wedgwood,
Elizabeth [I], see Allen. |
Wedgwood,
Elizabeth [II], see Sarah
Elizabeth W [II]. |
Wedgwood, Elizabeth Julia, 1907-?
|
|
Sixth child of Josiah Clement W.
|
Wedgwood,
Emily, see Rendel. |
Wedgwood,
Emma [I], 1808 May 2 at Maer Hall-1896
Oct. 2 at Down House. |
|
Ninth and last child of Josiah W
[II], named
after her aunt Emma Allen. CD's first cousin
and wife. Biography: 1904 Henrietta
Litchfield (daughter), privately printed, Cambridge; the same,
published edition, 1915 London. 1952 Gwen Raverat (granddaughter), Period
piece, ch. 8. |
|
Nicknames, "The Dovelies" with
Frances W [II] in
childhood, "Little Miss Slip-Slop" in childhood, "Titty" by CD in early
years of marriage, "Mammy" later—Brent pp. 325, 388. |
|
"A beautiful needlewoman, a good
archer, and she
rode, danced and skated". "She played delightfully on the piano". "She
had lessons from Maschelas and a few from Chopin"—LLi 62. She read
French, German and Italian. "Her brown hair kept its warm tint almost
to the end of her life with hardly a grey hair in it." "In 1824 she
could sit on her hair"—EDi 155. ED was sometimes known as "Mammy" by
the
children. CD's opinion of ED is omitted from LLi 69, which was
published whilst she was alive. "You all well know your mother, and
what a good mother she has ever been to all of you. She has been my
greatest blessing, and I can declare that in my whole life I have never
heard her utter one word which I had rather had been unsaid. She has
never failed in the kindest sympathy towards me, and has borne with the
utmost patience my frequent complaints from ill-health and discomfort.
I do not believe she has ever missed an opportunity of doing a kind
action to anyone near her. I marvel at my good fortune that she, so
infinitely my superior in every single moral quality, consented to be
my wife. She has been my wise adviser and cheerful comforter throughout
life, which without her would have been during a very long period a
miserable one from ill-health. She has earned the love and admiration
of every soul near her"—MLi 30, Barlow, Autobiography 96. |
|
On her religious views, "In our
childhood and youth she was not only
sincerely religious—this she always was in the true sense of the
word—but definite in her beliefs. She went regularly to Church and took
the Sacrament. She read the Bible with us and taught us a simple
Unitarian Creed, though we were baptised and confirmed in the Church of
England"—EDii 173, Barlow, Autobiography 238. ED's religious views are
stated in 2 letters to CD. 1. ?1839, soon after marriage. CD appended a
note "When I am dead, know that many times, I have kissed and cryed
over this C.D."—EDii 173 omitting note, Barlow, Autobiography 237. 2.
1861 Jun., CD appends a note "God bless you"—EDii 175, Barlow,
Autobiography 238. |
[page] 293
|
|
Wedgwood,
Emma [I], continued. |
1818-1837 |
Before marriage, ED travelled on
the continent with her
family: 1818 Apr. visited Paris; 1824-1825 Paris, Geneva, Florence,
Sorrento, Rome, Milan; 1826 Geneva; 1827 Cologne; 1838 Paris. She also
made a number of visits in British Isles, sometimes to relatives; 1823
Scarborough; 1828 Clifton; 1837 Edinburgh. |
1822-1823 |
ED was at school at Greville
House, Paddington
Green, London. |
1824 |
Sep. 17
confirmed at Maer church although brought up Unitarian. |
1836 |
Oct. "We are getting
impatient for Charles's arrival" [on return of Beagle]—EDi
272. |
|
Nov. "We enjoyed Charles's visit
uncommonly"—EDi 273. |
1838 |
Nov. 11 CD proposed, at Maer,
and was
accepted. |
1839 |
Married Jan. 29, by Rev.
John
Allen
W, Charles Robert Darwin, at St Peter's Church, Maer. |
after
1839 |
After marriage ED devoted her
life to CD and to bringing up
the children. |
|
Titles of her four
stories in children's reading book: 1. "The plumb pie", 2. "The snowy
night",
3. "The market", 4. "The little foal"; only known copy CUL Sir Geoffrey
Keynes
bequest
1981; facsimile 1985. |
after 1882 |
After CD's death she spent the
summers at Down House and
the winters at The Grove, Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge. |
1896 |
ED is buried in
Downe churchyard. |
[page] 294
|
|
Wedgwood,
Emma [I], continued. |
|
|
|
ICONOGRAPHY: |
1. 1839 |
Water colour by George Richmond,
done at the same
time as that of CD, now in the family. |
2. circa
1853 |
Photograph by Maull &
Fox, with Leonard D at Down House. |
3. 1881
|
Photograph by Barrand. |
4. |
Pastel by Fairfax Murray, now in
the family. |
5. 1895 |
Photograph by Miss
M. J. Shaen at Down House. |
|
|
|
PRINTED WORKS: |
circa 1825 |
ED wrote a reading book for her
Sunday School
class at Maer; the class was taught by the family and held in the
laundry; "these she had printed in large type; the book contained four
little stories, one about a 'plumb pie' [sic]. We, her own children
were taught to read out of this little book, and were fond of these
stories"—EDi 142. Copy CUL given 1981 by Sir Geoffrey Keynes, facsimile
1985.
|
1887 |
ED wrote a four-line preface to
the 1st edition in
book form of Henry Allen W's The bird talisman, which she had
printed for the benefit of her grandchildren. |
Wedgwood,
Emma [II], see Houseman. |
Wedgwood,
Ernest Hensleigh, 1837-1898. |
|
Third child
of
Hensleigh W. Known as "Ernie" or "Erny" at Rugby. CD's first
cousin
once removed. |
1863
|
Took a minor post in Colonial
Office.
|
1866
|
Lost this post but got another.
|
1887 |
Married Mary Webster. 1 son:
Allen. |
Wedgwood,
"Fanny", see Frances W [II]. |
Wedgwood,
Frances [I], see Crewe. |
Wedgwood,
Frances [II], 1806-1832 Aug. 20. |
|
Eighth
child of
Josiah W [II]. Unmarried. "Freckled plain-faced faithful Fanny". CD's
first
cousin and sister-in-law. With Emma W, known as "The dovelies", also as
"Mrs Pedigree" from her passion for making lists, which ED kept amongst
her treasures until her death. Went with Emma to Mrs Mayer's finishing
school at Paddington. |
1832
|
Died suddenly perhaps from
cholera. |
Wedgwood,
Frances [III], see Mosley. |
Wedgwood,
Frances [IV], see Mackintosh. |
Wedgwood,
Frances Julia, 1833-1913. |
|
First child
of Hensleigh W.
Unmarried. CD's first cousin once removed. Known as "Snow" because she
was born in a
snowstorm, or just because it was snowing. Brent p. 176 says "Snow" was
short for "Snowdrop". |
|
Her most important works were Framleigh
Hall
1858 a novel, John Wesley 1870, The moral ideal
1888,
also An old debt 1856, a novel under pseudonym of "Florence
Dawson". |
1861 |
The
boundaries
of science, a dialogue, Macmillan's Mag. |
|
Jul. CD's comments
on, "I could not clearly follow you in some parts, which is in main
part due to my not being at all accustomed to metaphysical trains of
thought"—LLi 313. |
1867 |
"I do find myself so wicked for
finding Snow
such a dreadful bore...begging to discuss fate and free will...so
tactless a woman I never came near and gets worse"—E. M. Forster, Marianne
Thornton, 223. |
Wedgwood,
Francis, 1800-1888. Oct. 1. |
|
Potter. Sixth child of
Josiah W [I]. CD's first cousin and brother-in-law. Of Barlaston,
Staffordshire. |
1832 |
Married Apr. 26 Frances Mosley.
3 sons, 4 daughters:
1. Godfrey, 2. Amy, 3. Cicely Mary, 4. Clement Francis, 5. Lawrence, 6.
Rose
Constance,
7. Mabel
Frances. |
1844-1875
|
Senior Partner in Josiah
Wedgwood and Sons Ltd. |
1878 |
Jun. CD and
ED visited. |
1879, 1885 |
W visited Down House and again
in 1885. |
1884 |
W
visited The Grove, Cambridge. |
[page] 295
|
|
Wedgwood, Francis Charles Bowen,
1898-?
|
|
Third child of Josiah Clement W.
|
1920
|
Married Edith May Telfer. 1 son.
|
Wedgwood,
Francis Hamilton,
1867-1930 |
|
Eldest son of Clement
W. Potter. Known as "Frank" or "Franky". Major in North Staffordshire
Regt. Served in South African
and WWI. CD's first cousin twice removed. |
1888 |
Apprenticed. |
1893 |
Partner. |
1902 |
Married Gwendoline Mary Piggot.
2 sons, 2 daughters: 1. Frances Dorothea Joy 1903-, 2. Stella 1904-,
3. Clement Thoms? 1907-. |
1916 |
Chairman. |
1923 |
Director LMSR. |
|
Died suddenly of throat
infection. |
Wedgwood,
Geoffrey, 1879-1897. |
|
Fifth child of Lawrence W. Known
as "Geoff". |
Wedgwood,
Gilbert [I], 1588-1678. |
|
Potter of Dale Hall, Burslem.
This, the first Burslem W, was third child of Thomas W
[I]. Described as yeoman. CD's 5th generation maternal
ancestor. |
1612 |
Married
Margaret Burslem. 7 sons, 4 daughters. |
1617 |
Probably went to
Burslem. |
Wedgwood,
Gilbert [II], 1876-1963. |
|
Third child of Lawrence W.
Colonel Yorks and Lancs Regt. DSO. |
1920 |
Dorothy Salmond. |
Wedgwood, Gloria, 1909-?
|
|
Seventh child of Josiah Clement
W.
|
Wedgwood,
Godfrey, 1833-1905. |
|
First child of Francis
W. Potter. J.P. CD's first cousin once removed. Lived Idlerocks,
Staffordshire. |
1863 |
Married 1
Mary Hawkshaw. 1 son, Cecil. |
1875-1905 |
Senior partner Josiah Wedgwood
and Sons
Ltd. |
1876 |
Married 2 Hope Elizabeth
Wedgwood. 1 daughter, Mary Euphrasia. |
1888 |
Built Idlerocks. |
1898 |
Right leg amputated. |
Wedgwood,
Harry, see Henry Allen W. |
Wedgwood, Helen Bowen, 1895-?
|
|
First child of Josiah Clement W.
Married Michael Stewart Pease. |
Wedgwood, Helen
Mary, see Tyler. |
Wedgwood, Henry
Allen, 1799-1885 Oct. |
|
Fifth child of
Josiah W
[II]. CD's first
cousin and brother-in-law. Known as "Hal" or "Harry". Barrister. Author
of The
bird talisman q.v. |
1827 |
Essex Court, Temple. |
1830 |
Married his first cousin Jessie
W. 3 sons, 3 daughters: 1.
Louisa Frances, 2.
Caroline, 3. John Darwin, 4. Anne Jane, 5. Arthur, 6. Rowland. |
1837 |
Seabridge near
Maer, Staffordshire. |
circa
1847 |
The Hermitage, near Woking,
Surrey. |
Wedgwood,
Hensleigh, 1803-1891 Jun. 1. |
|
Seventh child
of Josiah
W [II]. CD's first cousin and brother-in-law. Known as
"Hen" and with wife as "The Hens". Barrister and philologist. In CD's
London
years he saw much of W, but later apparently seldom. |
1829-1830 |
Finch Fellow of Christ's College. |
1832-1837 |
Police Magistrate. |
1832 |
Married Frances Mackintosh. 3
sons, 3
daughters: 1. Frances Julia, 2.
James
Mackintosh, 3. Ernest Hensleigh, 4. Katherine Euphemia, 5. Alfred
Allen, 6. Hope Elizabeth. |
1839- |
Registrar of Hackney Cabs. |
?1840 |
16
Upper Gower St, London. |
?1849 |
42 Chester Terrace, London. |
1859-1865
|
Author of A dictionary
of English etymology, 3 vols, London. |
1868 |
4 Cumberland Place, London. |
1876 |
Hopedene, Surrey, a house lent
to
him. |
1879 |
31 Queen Anne St, London. |
1880 |
CD to W,
about an essay on religion and science by W which no good scientific
journal would publish, "there have been too many attempts to reconcile
Genesis and science"—Carroll 573. |
1885 |
W visited Down House. |
Wedgwood,
Hope Elizabeth, 1844-1925. |
|
Sixth child of
Hensleigh W. CD's first cousin once
removed. |
1876 |
Married Godfrey W of Idlerocks
as second wife. |
1925
|
Died at Idlerocks. |
Wedgwood,
James Ingall, 1883-1950. |
|
Second son of Alfred Allen W.
Known as "Jem". Brought up by Snow W after parents separated. Bishop of
the Old Catholic Church. Theosophist. Unmarried. |
Wedgwood,
James Mackintosh, 1834-1874. |
|
Second child
of
Hensleigh W. Unmarried. Known as "Bro" or "Mack". CD's first cousin
once removed. |
Wedgwood,
Jane, see Louisa Jane W. |
Wedgwood,
Jessie, 1804-1872. |
|
Sixth child of John
W [IV].
Of Seabridge. CD's first cousin. |
1830 |
Married
Henry Allen W. 3 sons, 3 daughters.
|
Wedgwood,
John [I], 1705-1780. |
|
Younger brother of Richard [I].
Potter of the Big House, Burslem. Known
as "Long John". |
1758 |
Married Mary Allsop. 6 children. |
Wedgwood,
John [II], 1721-1767. |
|
Fourth child of Thomas W.
Unmarried.
CD's great uncle. |
1760 |
Represented
Josiah [I] in London, at the sign of the Artichoke, Cateaton St. Became
something of a courtier and arranged sale of Queen's ware to Queen
Charlotte. |
1767
|
Drowned in the Thames after a
party at Ranelagh, perhaps
robbed and mudered. |
Wedgwood,
John [III], 1732-1774. |
|
Ran Richard W [I]'s cheese
factory. Brother of Sarah W. CD's great uncle.
|
Wedgwood,
John [IV], 1766-1844. |
|
Second child of Josiah W
[I]. CD's uncle.
Evangelical and became rigid after death of daughter Caroline in 1825.
The
Hill, Abergavenny. |
|
Married Louisa Jane Allen. 4
sons, 3 daughters:
1, Sarah Elizabeth [III], 2. John Allen, 3. Thomas Josiah, 4. Catherine
Louisa
Jane, 5. Charles, 6. Jessie, 7. Robert. |
1795 |
Josiah [I] bought him a place in
Alexander Davison, Bankers. |
circa 1795-1805 |
Lived at Cote House, Westbury,
Bristol. |
1805 |
Founded with others what
was to become Royal Horticultural Society. |
1814 |
At Baring Place,
Exeter, where he gardened. |
1816
|
Bank in trouble.
|
1821 |
Collapse of bank, taken over by
Coutts. Left penniless. |
1829 |
Rented The
Hill, Abergavenny. |
1831 |
Left The Hill for Etruria Hall. |
1832 |
Left
Etruria Hall for Seabridge so that Frank could move in on marriage. |
1836 |
After death of wife, went to
live at Seabridge again to be
with Harrie and Jessie. |
1839 |
Moved to Maer Hall with daughter
Eliza. |
1839 |
Jan. 29 "Uncle John believes one
single turnip in a garden is enough to
spoil a bed of cauliflowers"—Species entry made by CD on wedding
day—Huxley
and Kettlewell p. 59. |
[page] 296
|
|
Wedgwood,
John [V], 1877-1954. |
|
Fourth child of Lawrence W.
Known as "Jack". |
1902 |
Married Violet Douglas. 1 son, 1
daughter: 1. Godfrey Josiah, potter, 2. Eileen. |
Wedgwood,
Rev. John Allen, 1796-1882. |
|
Second child
of John W [IV]. CD's first cousin. Boarded
at
Westminster School. "So withdrawn that his parents were concerned over
his mental stability"—W&W p. 166. Consumptive in youth and
later
an invalid. Rector of Maer. Unmarried.
|
1825- |
Vicar of St Peter's Maer. |
1832 |
Mar. 22 married Charles Langton
to Charlotte W. |
1839 |
Jan. 29 married CD to Emma W at
St Peter's. |
Wedgwood,
John Darwin, 1840-1870. |
|
Third child of
Henry Allen
W. Army
officer. CD's first cousin once removed. |
1866 |
Married Helen
Mary
Tyler. 2 children who died in infancy. |
1870
|
Drowned in boating
accident. |
Wedgwood,
John Hamilton, 1907-? |
|
First child of Ralph Lewis W.
|
Wedgwood,
Joseph, 1757-1817. |
|
Son of Aaron W. Potter. Married
Mary
Clark. |
1768 |
Leased Churchyard
Works from Josiah W [I]. |
Wedgwood,
Josiah, 1712-1776. |
Wedgwood,
Josiah [I], 1730-1795. Jan. |
|
Thirteenth child of
Thomas W [III]. Potter. Founder of the firm of Josiah Wedgwood and Sons
Ltd.
CD's maternal
grandfather. Close friend of Erasmus D [I]. Etruria Hall,
Staffordshire.
"Patient, steadfast, humble, simple, unconscious of half of
his own greatness"—Meteyard in Woodall p. 7.
Biography: Meteyard 1865. |
1730 |
Born at Churchyard House,
Burslem. |
1764 |
Married Sarah W (a cousin). 4
sons, 4 daughters: 1. Susannah, 2. John,
3.
Richard, 4. Josiah [II], 5. Thomas [VI], 6. Catherine, 7. Sarah
Elizabeth.
8. Mary Anne. |
|
W's
wife was his third cousin, common ancestor being Gilbert W [I], his
great-great-grandfather. |
1770 |
Moved to Etruria
Hall. |
1783 |
FRS. |
Wedgwood,
Josiah [II], 1769-1843 Jul. 12. |
|
Fourth child
of Josiah W [I]. Potter. Known as "Jos". CD's uncle
and father-in-law. Sydney Smith of W, "Wedgwood's an excellent man—it
is a pity he
hates his friends"—EDi 74. |
|
CD was on close terms with and
it
was he who persuaded CD's father to let him go on the Beagle
voyage. CD: "I used to apply to him...the well
known ode of Horace, now forgotten by me, in which the words 'nec
vultus tyranni' etc come in"—LLi 44. [Justum et tenacem propositi
virum/Non civium ardor prava jubentium/Non vultus instantis
tyranni/Mente quatit solida. The just man and firm of purpose not the
heat of fellow citizens clamouring for what is wrong, nor presence of
threatening tyrant can shake his rocklike soul—Odes III, iii,
1.] |
1792 |
Married Sarah Elizabeth Allen. 4
sons,
5 daughters: 1. Sarah
Elizabeth, 2. Josiah [III], 3. Mary Anne, 4. Charlotte, 5. Henry Allen,
6. Francis, 7. Hensleigh, 8. Frances, 9. Emma. |
1795-1841
|
Senior partner of Josiah
Wedgwood and Sons Ltd. |
1795 |
Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey, on his
father's death. |
1799 |
Leased
Gunville, Dorset. |
1800 |
Moved to Little Etruria. |
1804 |
Bought Maer Hall. |
1816 on
|
Lived permanently at Maer Hall,
Staffordshire. |
Wedgwood,
Josiah [III], 1795-1880 Mar. 11. |
|
Second child
of Josiah W [II]. Known as "Joe". CD's first cousin. W was doubly CD's
brother-in-law. Potter. |
1837 |
Married Caroline Sarah Darwin. 4
daughters: 1. Sophia
Marianne, 2. Katherine Elizabeth Sophia, 3. Margaret Susan
1843-1875, 4. Lucy Caroline 1846-? |
|
On marriage first
lived at
Clayton near Etruria. |
1841-1844
|
Senior partner Josiah Wedgwood
and Sons Ltd. |
1841 |
Moved to Leith Hill Place,
Surrey, 400 acres,
and sold his pottery interest to brother Francis. |
1880 |
CD to Hensleigh W, condoling on
his death, "there
never existed a man with a sweeter disposition"—Carroll 573. |
Wedgwood,
Josiah, 1899-? |
|
Fourth child of Josiah Clement W.
|
1919
|
Married Doroth Winser. 2 sons.
|
Wedgwood,
Josiah Clement, Baron W,
1872-1943. |
|
Second son of Clement W.
Director of Wedgwoods. |
1872
|
Born at
Barlaston. |
|
Married 1 Ethel Kate Bowen. 2
sons, 5 daughters: 1. Helen Bowen, 2.
Rosamund, 3. Francis Charles Bowen, 4. Josiah, 5.
Camilla Hildegard, 6. Elizabeth Julia, 7. Gloria. |
1906-1941 |
M.P.
for Newcastle under Lyme. MP for 35 years, first Liberal, second
Labour, then
Independent. |
1908 |
History
of the Wedgwood family. |
1915 |
DSO. |
1918 |
Divorced. |
|
Married 2 Florence Ethel Willett
s.p. |
1924 |
PC. |
1941 |
1st Baron W of
Barlaston. |
Wedgwood,
Julia, see Frances Julia W. |
Wedgwood,
Katherine Elizabeth Sophia, 1842-1911. |
|
Second child
of Josiah W [III]. Unmarried. Known as "Sophy". CD's first cousin once
removed. Lived at Leith Hill Place. Highly eccentric in middle age
and mentally ill later.
|
[page] 297
|
|
Wedgwood,
Katherine Euphemia, 1839-1934. |
|
Fourth child of Hensleigh
W. Known as "Effie" or "E". CD's first cousin once removed. |
1870 |
Spring, W
stayed at Down House. |
1873 |
Married Sir Thomas
Henry Farrer, 1st Baron Farrer, as
second
wife. |
1925
|
Living with her sister Hope
Elizabeth W at Idlerocks.
|
Wedgwood,
Kennard Lawrence,
1872-1949. |
|
First child of Lawrence W.
Potter. Served
in South African war. |
1908 |
Married Kathleen Wright. 1
daughter. |
1930 |
Chairman. |
Wedgwood,
"Kitty", see Catherine W. |
Wedgwood,
Lawrence, 1844-1913. |
|
Fifth child of Francis W.
Potter. CD's first cousin once removed. |
1871 |
Married Emma Houseman. 4 sons, 1
daughter: 1. Kennard Lawrence, 2. Mary Frances, 3. Gilbert Henry, 4.
John, 5. Geoffrey. |
Wedgwood,
"Lotty", see Charlotte W. |
Wedgwood,
Louisa Frances, 1834-1903.
|
|
First child of
Henry
Allen W. CD's first cousin once
removed. |
1864 |
Married William John Kempson. |
Wedgwood,
Louisa Jane, see Allen. |
Wedgwood,
Lucy Caroline, 1846-1919. |
|
Fourth child of Josiah W [III].
CD's niece. |
1874 |
Married Capt. Matthew James
Harrison R.N. |
Wedgwood,
Mabel Frances, 1857-? |
|
Seventh child of Francis W. CD's
first cousin once removed. |
1880 |
Married Arthur Parson. |
Wedgwood,
Margaret Olive,
1892-? |
1931 |
Married Dr Montgomery. |
Wedgwood,
Margaret Rosina, see Ingall. |
Wedgwood,
Margaret Susan, 1843-1937. |
|
Third child of Josiah W
[III]. CD's first cousin
once
removed. |
1868 |
Married Arthur Charles Vaughan
Williams. Son: Ralph Vaughan Williams. |
1885 |
W
gave ED her dog Dicky. |
Wedgwood, Mary
[I], see
Stringer. |
Wedgwood,
Mary [II], see Clark. |
Wedgwood,
Mary [III], see Halsey. |
Wedgwood,
Mary [IV], see
Hawkshaw. |
Wedgwood,
Mary [V], see
Webster. |
Wedgwood,
Mary Anne [I], 1778-1786. |
|
Eighth and last child of Josiah
W [I],
mentally retarded. CD's aunt. The pedigree in ED gives the seventh and
last as Sarah Elizabeth W 1778-1856. W&W give Sarah Elizabeth as
1776-1856, but do not give Mary Anne in pedigree at all, only in index
and text. |
Wedgwood,
Mary Anne [II], 1796-1798. |
|
Third child of Josiah W [II].
CD's first cousin. In ED, but W&W do not mention
this one. |
Wedgwood,
Mary Euphrazia, 1880-1952. |
|
Only child of Godfrey W and
Hope Elizabeth W. Unmarried. CD's first cousin twice removed. W&W
spell with "s", ED with
"z".
Frances
Julia W made a scrapbook of family papers for her—W&W p. 355. |
1935 |
Married William Mosley, a
cousin, after her mother's death. |
Wedgwood,
Mary Frances, 1874-1969. |
|
Second child of Lawrence. Known
as
"Molly". |
Wedgwood,
Olive, 1892-? |
|
Third child and only daughter of
Alfred Allen W. Married
V. C.
Montgomery. |
Wedgwood,
Phoebe, 1893-1972. |
|
Elder daughter of Cecil W. CD's
first cousin
thrice removed. |
Wedgwood,
Sir Ralph
Lewis, Bart, 1874-1946 |
|
Third child
of
Clement W. Trinity College Cambridge. Frequent visitor with brother
Felix to
George Ds at Cambridge—Period piece
p. 233. Railway administrator. Established
Leith Hill musical festival. CD's first cousin twice removed. |
|
Married Iris Veronica Pawson. 2
sons,1 daughter: 1. John Hamilton, 2. Ralph Pawson, 3. Cicely Veronica. |
1916 |
Brigadier General. |
1924 |
Kt. |
1942 |
1st Bart of Etruria. |
1944 |
Chairman of
wartime Railway Executive. |
1944 |
Rented Leith Hill Place from
National
Trust after Ralph Vaughan Williams had given it to them. |
Wedgwood, Ralph Pawson, 1909-1909.
|
|
Second child of Ralph Lewis W.
|
Wedgwood,
Richard, circa 1545-1626. |
|
Of Mowle in Biddulph. Married
Margaret Boulton of Biddulph.
|
Wedgwood,
Richard [I], 1701-1780 or
1782. |
|
Son of Aaron W 1666-1743.
Cheesemaker and private banker.
Josiah W's second cousin once removed and father-in-law, the common
ancestor being Gilbert W. Of
Spen
Green Cheshire. CD's first cousin twice removed. |
1774 |
Moved, on death of son John, to
Etruria Hall and
died there. |
Wedgwood,
Richard [II], circa
1725-1780. |
|
Sixth child of Thomas W [III].
Started as
a
potter, but joined army, took to drink and was lost to the
family—W&W p. 71. CD's great-uncle. |
Wedgwood,
Richard, 1767-1768. |
|
Third child of Josiah W [I].
CD's uncle. |
Wedgwood,
Rev. Robert, 1806-1881. |
|
Seventh child of John W [IV].
Priest
at Tenby. Rector of Dumbleton.
|
1833 |
Married 1
Frances Crewe s.p. |
1848
|
Married 2 Mary Halsey. 1 son, 6
daughters. |
Wedgwood, Rosamund, 1895-?
|
|
Second child of Josiah Clement
W. Married Istvan Bekassy. |
Wedgwood,
Rowland Henry, 1847-1921. |
|
Sixth child of Henry Allen W.
Known as "Harry". A Roman Catholic. Married 1
Sophia Helen Rudd. Married 2 Agnes Harley. CD's first cousin once
removed. |
Wedgwood,
"Sally", see Sarah Elizabeth W
[III]. |
Wedgwood,
Sarah, 1734-1815. |
|
Daughter of Richard W [I].
Sister of John W [III]. Known
as "Sally". CD's maternal grandmother. ED's paternal grandmother. The
only
grandparent alive in their lifetimes. |
1764 |
Married Josiah W
[I] (a
cousin). |
1803
|
Moved to Parkfields on Maer
estate.
|
1815
|
Died at Maer.
|
[page] 298
|
|
Wedgwood,
Sarah Elizabeth [I], 1776-1856 Nov. 6. |
|
Seventh child
of Josiah W [I]. Known as Sarah. Of Parkfields. Unmarried. CD's aunt. W
was popular
with CD's children and at Down House almost every day. "Tall and
stately, most spartan in habits, fastidious, upright and solemn"; "kept
several pairs of gloves beside her so as not to soil her hands", black
cotton for shaking hands with children, lighter colours for cleaner
occupations such as reading books—W&W p. 245. |
1823 |
On death
of her
sister Catherine, W moved from Parkfields to Camphill on Maer Heath. |
1827 |
Moved to Camphill which took
three
years to build for her. |
circa 1829 |
Wrote a biography of Tom
Wedgwood, printed for the family. |
1847 |
W moved to Petley's, Downe.
Petley's was
leased
from Sir John Lubbock. |
1856
|
Died at Down House. |
|
ED ii pp. 61-3 describes her
walking
funeral. |
Wedgwood,
Sarah Elizabeth [II], 1793-1880 Nov. 8. |
|
First child
of Josiah W [II]. Unmarried. Known as Elizabeth or "Bessy".
Hunchbacked, only a little over 4 feet tall,
almost blind in old age. ED's sister. Often called "Miss
Wedgwood", as eldest unmarried daughter. CD's first cousin. "I think
none
of us felt quite at ease with our aunt". Description of this awesome
woman—EDii 105. Gravestone in Downe churchyard. |
circa 1818-39 |
Ran sunday school in laundry
room at
Maer Hall. |
|
Before building The Ridge she
had built
a school on Caldy Island, near Tenby, and she also built one at
Hartfield. |
1846 |
W moved
from Staffordshire and built The Ridge, Hartfield, on borders of
Ashdown forest and near the Langtons. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, "I showed the
case [of orchids] to Elizabeth Wedgwood, and her remark was 'Now you
have upset your own book, for you won't persuade me that this could be
effected by Natural Selection'"—MLi 156. |
1866 |
After Charlotte Langton's death
moved to 4 Chester Place, Regents Park, the Hensleigh Ws being at 1
Cumberland Place opposite. |
1868 |
W moved to Trowmer Lodge, Downe.
"The last twelve years of her
life, happy with her garden, her little dog Tony, her devoted
servants"—EDii 106. |
1880 |
CD to Romanes, "As good and
generous a woman
as ever walked this earth"—Life of Romanes 101. |
Wedgwood,
Sarah Elizabeth [III], 1795-1857.
|
|
First
child of
John W [IV]. Unmarried. Known as "Sally" in youth, "Eliza" later. CD's
first
cousin once
removed. Constant companion of her parents. Deeply religious from
youth. |
1840 |
Was living with sister Jessie
and husband Harry Allen and four children at Seabridge. |
1843 |
Winter,
moved to brother Robert at Tenby, with father John who died there.
|
Wedgwood,
"Snow", see Frances Julia W. |
Wedgwood,
Sophia Helena, see Rudd. |
Wedgwood,
Sophia Marianne, 1838-1839. |
|
First child
of Josiah
W [III]. CD's first cousin once removed. |
Wedgwood,
"Sophy", see Katherine Elizabeth Sophia W. |
Wedgwood,
Susannah, 1765 Jan. 3-1817 Jul. 15. |
|
First
child of
Josiah W [I]. Known as
"Sukey". CD's
mother, ED's aunt. "She seems never to have been very
strong"—Meteyard 357. |
|
Born at The Brick House, Burslem.
|
1796 |
Apr. 18 married Robert Waring
Darwin. |
1807 |
W to her brother Josiah W [II],
"Everyone seems young but me". |
1817
|
"My mother died in July 1817,
when I was a little
over eight years old, and it is odd that I can hardly remember anything
about her except her deathbed, her black velvet gown, and her curiously
constructed work-table"—LLi 27. W buried St Chad, Montford, Shropshire,
in
chancel. Called "Susan" on husband's tombstone. |
Wedgwood,
Thomas [I], circa
1617-1679. |
|
Potter of Churchyard House,
Burslem. Sixth child of Richard W of Mowle. |
1653 |
Married Margaret Shaw of
Burslem. 5 sons, 5 daughters, also 1
illegitimate son. Third child was Gilbert. Fourth child was Thomas W
[II]. |
Wedgwood,
Thomas [II], 1660-1716. |
|
Potter of Churchyard House,
Burslem. |
1684 |
Married Mary Leigh of
Burslem. 4 sons, 6 daughters. Second child was Thomas W
[III]. |
Wedgwood,
Thomas [III], 1685-1739. |
|
Potter of Churchyard House,
Burslem.
Although there were many W potters before T. W. he was
amongst the best of them. CD's maternal great-grandfather. |
circa 1710 |
Married Mary Stringer. 7 sons, 5
daughters. Tenth child was
Catherine. Josiah W [I] was 12th and last child. |
1739
|
Died insolvent. |
[page] 299
|
|
Wedgwood,
Thomas [IV], 1717-1773. |
|
Potter but not a good one. Two
marriages, five children. Josiah W [I] was apprenticed to him for five
years. Churchyard House,
Burslem. CD's great-uncle. |
1773
|
Died of dropsy and in debt. |
Wedgwood,
Thomas [V], 1734-1788. |
|
Cousin of Josiah W [I]. Known as
"Useful
Thomas" because he made useful Queen's ware. Josiah W [I] took him into
partnership for this purpose. |
1766
|
Married Elizabeth Taylor.
|
1788
|
Died from falling into canal. |
Wedgwood,
Thomas [VI], 1771-1805. |
|
Fifth child of Josiah [I].
Unmarried. CD's uncle. W was an invalid. Biography
R. B. Litchfield 1903. |
|
Has been described as the
first
photographer. EB—"To England belongs the honour of first producing a
photograph". See T. W., "An account of the method of copying
paintings upon glass and of making profiles by the agency of light upon
nitrate of silver, with observations by H. Davy", J. Roy. Instn.,
Jun., 1807. |
Wedgwood,
Thomas Josiah, 1797-1860. |
|
Third child of John W [IV].
Known as
"Tom". CD's first cousin. Colonel in
Scots
Fusiliers. W, aged 17, fought as an Ensign at Waterloo—EDi 68. St
Mary's near
Tenby. W&W. |
1836 |
Married Anne Tyler, their two
children dying young. |
Wedgwood,
"Tom", see Thomas Josiah W. |
Wedgwood,
Dame Veronica, see Cicely
Veronica W. |
Weir,
Harrison William, 1824-1906. |
|
Artist, largely as book
illustrator. Breeder of poultry and pigeons. Brother of J. J. W. CD and
W were both members of
Philoperisteron Club. |
1852 |
CD
sent J. Res. to. |
Weir,
John Jenner, 1822-1894. |
|
Naturalist and
accountant. Controller-General H.M. Customs. |
1868 |
Sep. 12 Sat. W stayed
at Down House, with Wallace and Mrs W, and Blyth. Bates was
hoped for but probably not. Hookers came for Sunday lunch; "A very good
man"—MLi 309. |
1868 |
CD to W, "I read over your last
ten (!) letters this
morning, and made an index of their contents for easy reference; and
what a mine of wealth you have bestowed on me" [the letters on
selection especially in caterpillars]—MLii 71. |
1875 |
CD to Weismann, on
W's work on selection in caterpillars—MLi 357. |
Weismann,
Friedrich Leopold August, 1834-1914. |
|
Entomologist and student of
inheritance. Prof. Zoology Freiburg. |
1868 |
Ueber die Berechtigung der
Darwin'schen Theorie.
Leipzig. |
1872 |
CD to W, W was having trouble
with his
eyes, "eyesight is somewhat better"—MLii 95. |
1872
|
CD to W, having read Über
der Einfluss der Isolirung auf der Artbildung, Leipzig 1872—LLiii
155. |
1875 |
CD to on selection—MLi 357. |
1879 |
W sent CD his work on Daphnia,
CD thanks for and
refers to Meldola's slow progress of translation of Studien—N&R
83. |
?1881 |
CD to W, praising Studien,
"excited my interest and
admiration in the highest degree"—LLiii 231. |
1875-1876
|
Studien zur
Descendenz-Theorie, Leipzig; translated by R. Meldola as Studies
in the theory of descent, London 1882, with prefatory notice by CD
v-vi (F1414). |
"Wells"
|
1852 |
"Bucket ropes for wells", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 2:22 (Bi 252, F1680), giving the depth of the Down
House well as 325 ft. |
|
"The subject of deep wells", Gardeners'
Chronicle,
No. 30:518 (Bi 274, F1696). |
[page] 300
|
|
Wells,
Leonard Henry, ?-1903. |
|
W drew pictures of
fowls for CD through Tegetmeier—de Beer, Introduction vii to facsimile
of Questions about the breeding of animals, 1968. |
Wells,
William Charles, 1757-1817. |
|
Physician and
scientist. See K. W. Wells, Isis,
64:215-225, 1973. |
1757
|
Born Charleston, South Carolina. |
1785 |
Settled in London. |
1793 |
FRS. |
1813, 1818
|
Author of Two essays,
1818, a posthumous work which
contains reprints of his two previously published and fundamental
papers "On dew" and "On binocular vision", with an appendix about a
black
and white woman, Harriet Trets, which contains the rudiments of the
idea of natural selection. There is an excellent summary by Thomas
Thomson, Ann. Philosophy, 1:383, May 1813, of the paper as
read to the Royal Society, Apr. 1 and 8, 1813. The matter is referred
to in "Historical sketch" in 3rd edition Origin, 1861. |
1865 |
CD
to Hooker, "a Yankee has called my attention to a paper attached to Dr.
Wells' famous 'Essay on Dew', which was read in 1813 to the Royal Soc.,
but not [then] printed, in which he applies most distinctly the
principle of Natural Selection to the Races of Man. So poor old Patrick
Matthew is not the first". |
Welsh
|
|
No translations. |
1977
|
Margaret Ellis Jones 1977 Adar
Darwin
(The birds of Darwin), Gwyddonyed 15. |
1981
|
A good biography: R. Elwyn
Hughes 1981 Darwin 126 pp, Dinbych, Wasg Gee, Y Meddwl Modern
No. 7, 2 pls, published with help of Welsh Arts Council. |
Welsh,
Jane Baillie, 1801-1866. |
|
DNB. |
1826 |
Married Thomas
Carlyle. |
|
CD met the Carlyles on several
occasions in London. |
1838 |
CD to
ED, "I cannot think that Jenny is either quite natural or quite
lady-like"—MLii 13. |
Werner,
Abraham Gottlob, 1749-1817. |
|
German
geologist. Proponent of the neptunian theory that all rocks were
deposited as precipitation from water. |
Wernerian
Natural History Society, Edinburgh. |
1808-1839.
|
The Society was active during
CD's time at Edinburgh
University and published Memoirs, Vols I-VIII, 1811-[1839].
CD does not seem to have been a member. |
West Hackhurst
|
|
House at Abinger, Surrey. |
1879 |
Jun.
CD and ED were lent the house from Saturday to Tuesday. |
West,
Esther |
|
Mrs Allan's maid at Downe. |
1868 |
Friend of John Robinson,
the curate, but forbidden to see him by her mother. |
West,
Lady Mary Catherine |
|
Second daughter of 5th Earl
de la Warr. Holwood House, near Downe. |
|
Married 1 second Marquis of
Salisbury. Son: R. A. T.
G.
Cecil. |
1870 |
Married 2 15th Earl
of Derby. |
?1874 |
CD to W, cautioning about
spiritualism—MLii 443. |
1882 |
Jul. W called on ED at Down
House from
London and straight back again—EDii 260. |
Westcroft
|
|
A house in Kent which CD
considered
buying before he saw Down House—MLi 33. |
Westwood,
John Obadiah, 1805-1893. |
|
Solicitor and
entomologist. DNB. |
1855 |
CD
proposed W for Royal Medal of Royal Society—N&R 65. |
1860 |
W's
anti-evolutionary views discussed—LLii 267. W "proposed to the last
University Commission the permanent endowment of a lecturer to combat
the errors of Darwinism"—Darwin and the "Origin" 15. |
1861-1891 |
1st Hope Prof. Zoology
(Entomology) Oxford. |
[page] 301
|
|
Whale-Bear
Story |
1859,
1860, 1861
|
Occurs in its full form at p.
184
of 1st edition of Origin 1859; also in first four USA
printings
1860, and in J. Lamont, Seasons with the sea-horses 1861. "In
North America the black bear was seen by Hearne swimming for hours with
widely open mouth, thus catching, like a whale, insects in the water.
Even in so extreme a case as this, if the supply of insects were
constant, but if better adapted competitors did not already exist in
the country, I can see no difficulty in a race of bears being rendered,
by natural selection, more and more aquatic in their structure and
habits, with larger and larger mouths, till a creature was produced as
monstrous as a whale". The reference is to Samuel Hearne, A
journey from Prince of Wales Fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern
Ocean...1769-72, London 1795. |
1860
|
1860 edition reads "...swimming
for hours with widely open mouth, thus catching, almost like a
whale, insects in the water." The rest is omitted. |
1860 |
CD to W. H. Harvey, "As it
offended persons, I struck it out in the second edition; but I still
maintain that there is no special difficulty in a bear's mouth being
enlarged to any degree useful to its changing habits"—MLi 162. |
1863 |
The full version is reprinted in
The
Press,
Canterbury, NZ, in a letter from T. W. Leys, Bishop of Wellington, in
controversy with Samuel Butler [II]. |
1881 |
CD to R. G.
Whiteman, "This sentence was omitted in the subsequent editions, owing
to the advice of Prof. Owen, as it was liable to be misinterpreted; but
I have always regretted that I followed this advice, for I still think
the view quite reasonable"—MLi 393. |
Wharton,
Mr |
|
Headmaster of William Erasmus
D's
preparatory school. |
1852 |
CD to W. E. D., telling him to
write to W—EDii
145. |
Wharton,
Mary Dorothea |
|
Daughter of Rt Hon. J. Lloyd
Wharton. |
1894 |
Married Colonel
Charles Waring Darwin. |
Whewell,
William, 1794-1866. |
|
Astronomer and
philosopher. DNB. |
1820 |
FRS. |
1841-1866
|
Master of Trinity College
Cambridge. |
1860 |
W to CD, "I cannot, yet at
least, become a convert. But there is
so much of thought and of fact in what you have written that it is not
to be contradicted without careful selection of the ground and manner
of the dissent". W refused, for some years, to allow a copy of the Origin
into the Library of Trinity College—LLii 261. |
[page] 302
|
|
Whitby,
Mrs, see
Mary Anne Theresa Symonds. |
Whitby,
Capt. John, R.N.,
?-1806. |
|
Of
Milford,
Hampshire.
|
1806 |
Married Mary Anne Theresa
Symonds. |
White,
Adam, 1817-1879. |
|
Copious writer on natural
history topics, including popular books. |
1835-1863 |
Assistant in the Zoology
Department of British Museum. |
1854 |
W applied for Chair of
Natural History Edinburgh with printed testimonials, one by CD, but
withdrew them on hearing that E. Forbes had applied. |
1859 |
R. Trimen's reminiscences
to Poulton, "I was at work in the next compartment to that in which
Adam White sat, and heard someone come in and a cheery mellow voice say
'Good-morning Mr. White;—I am afraid you won't speak to me any
more'...Ah, Sir! if ye had only stopped with the Voyage of the
Beagle!"—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin, 214. |
1863 |
W retired
from British Museum with mental illness. |
1864 |
W reprinted testimonials,
including CD's, with additions, to obtain paid lecturing in Edinburgh,
his native town to which he had retired. |
1877 |
CD to Günther, "that poor mad
creature"—FUL 96. |
White,
Nicholas, 1806-? |
|
Second "Master" on 2nd voyage of
Beagle.
|
Whitehead,
Mr |
|
W owned the first motor car in
Downe. "Shadowy figure"—Atkins 102. |
1900-1906
|
The first tenant of Down House
after
ED's death, leasing it. |
Whiteman,
R. G. |
1881 |
CD to W, explaining why he
omitted the whale-bear story from 2nd and subsequent editions of Origin—MLi
392. |
Whitley,
Rev. Charles Thomas, 1808-1895. |
|
Cousin of J. M.
Herbert. Reader in Natural
Philosophy Durham. Hon. Canon of Durham. Intimate friend of CD at
Cambridge and had been at Shrewsbury School. Member of Gourmet Club. |
1838 |
W invited CD to Durham—N&R
85. |
1854-1895
|
Vicar of Bedlington,
Northumberland. |
Whymper, Edward,
1840-1911. |
|
Artist and alpinist. |
1886 |
W made wood engraving of Boehm
statue of CD, frontispiece of Rep.
Darwin Memorial Fund, 1888. |
Wibury,
Wiltshire. |
1865 |
A house taken by Charles
Langton. |
Wickham,
John Clement, 1798-1864. |
|
Known as "Jike". Naval Officer.
W
was on all three voyages of Beagle. 1st Lieutenant on 2nd
voyage. Captain commanding on 3rd voyage until invalided. NSW Police
Magistrate. |
1832 |
"Wickham is a glorious
fine fellow". CD got on
better with W than with any other officer. |
1834 |
"Although Wickham always was
growling at my bringing more dirt on board than any ten men, he is a
great loss to me in the Beagle. He is by far the most
conversible being on
board"—Barlow, CD and the voyage of the Beagle, 59, 103. |
1853-1860 |
W was first Government
Resident at Moreton Bay (now Brisbane), Queensland. |
[page] 303
|
|
Wicksted,
Charles, see Tollet. |
Wien
|
1856 |
There is a tradition that CD
once asked
Hooker where "this place Wien is, where they publish so many books". It
is substantiated by CD to Hooker, "to write to 'Wien' (that unknown
place)"—MLi 93. |
Wiesner,
Julius von, 1838-1916. |
1873-1916
|
Prof. Botany Vienna. |
1881 |
CD to W, about movement in
plants and thanking him for
sending Das Bewegungsvermögen der Pflanzen, Vienna 1881—LLiii
335. |
Wilberforce,
Rev. Samuel, 1805-1873. |
|
Third son of
William Wilberforce. Known as "Soapy Sam" from his habit of "washing
his
hands", whilst preaching or talking. W of Origin, "the most
unphilosophical
work he ever read"—LLii 285; another version "the most illogical book
ever written"—Lyell, Life ii, 358. DNB. |
1845-1869 |
Bishop of Oxford. |
1845 |
FRS. |
1860 |
Sat. Jun. 30 W spoke anti-Origin
at British Association meeting Oxford. |
1860 |
Jul. W reviewed Origin
in Quart. Rev., primed by Owen. |
|
Jul. 20 CD to Huxley, "I
would
give five shillings to know what tremendous blunder the Bishop made;
for I see that a page has been cancelled and a new page gummed in"
[pp. 251-252]—MLi 156. |
1860 |
CD to Innes, "Did you
see the Quarterly Review, the B. of Oxford made really splendid fun of
me and my grandfather"—Darwin-Innes 207. |
1869-1873 |
Bishop of Winchester. |
1874 |
Essays contributed
to the Quarterly Review, 2 vols, London, review of Origin,
i, 23-85. |
Wilhelm,
Crown Prince of Germany |
1881
late |
Int. Med. Congr. CD was
presented to "he looks a very nice and sensible and fine man"—Brent
p. 499. |
Wilkes,
Lieut. Charles, 1798-1877. |
|
USA Naval
Officer. |
1836 |
W was in London fitting out US
Exploration Expedition of
1838-1842. CD called on W—Carroll 6. |
Wilkinson,
Rev. Henry Marlow, 1828-?1906. |
|
W examined Utricularia
for CD for Insectivorous plants. |
Willett,
Eliza |
|
Daughter of Rev. William W and
Catherine E. Wedgwood. Mother of Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson, Mrs
Gaskell.
|
Willett, Florence Ethel
|
|
Daughter of Edward Guy W.
Married Josiah Clement Wedgwood as second wife.
|
Willett,
Rev. William |
|
Married Catherine E. Wedgwood.
Father of Eliza W.
|
Williams
|
1839 |
A gardener,
employed by CD at 12
Upper Gower St, mentioned in CD's personal mss accounts. |
Williams
|
|
A spiritualist medium. |
1877 |
CD to Romanes, "a very clever
rogue"—Carroll 513, 514. |
1878 |
CD to Romanes, about W's
exposure in Spiritualist Newspaper, 13, Sep. 2.—Carroll 548. |
Williams,
Arthur Charles Vaughan, 1835-1875. |
|
Son of Sir Edward V W. Father of
Ralph Vaughan W. |
1869 |
Married
Margaret Susan Wedgwood. |
Williams,
Edward Hosier, ?-1844. |
|
Solicitor of London. Eaton
Mascott, Shrewsbury.
|
circa
1833 |
1st husband of Sarah Harriet
Mostyn Owen. |
|
CD
to Catherine D at Maldonado "one of the kindest (letters) I ever
received. I was very sorry to hear...that she has lost so much of the
Owen constitution: I am very sure that with it none of the Owen
goodness has gone"—CD and Beagle p. 85. |
[page] 304
|
|
Williams,
Henry, 1792-1867. |
|
Missionary in New
Zealand. Formerly a Naval Officer. DNB. |
1822 |
W arrived at Waimate, Bay of
Islands, North Island. |
1835 |
Dec. CD stayed at his house, "He
is
considered the leading person among the missionary body"—S. Afr.
Christian
Recorder, 231, J. Researches, 1845, 426. |
Williams,
Margaret Susan, see
Wedgwood.
|
Williams,
Ralph Vaughan, 1872-1958. |
|
Son of A. C. V. W. and M. S. V.
W. Musician. Gave Leith Hill Place to
National
Trust. |
Willis,
Mr |
|
"My hairdresser (Willis)
says...". Near Great Marlborough
St. Comments on growth of hair and breeding of small dogs—C and
D Notebooks. |
Willis,
Olive Margaret, 1877-1964. |
1907-1922
|
Founder and
Headmistress of Downe House School, which was at Down House.
See Anne Ridler, Olive
Willis and Downe House, London 1967. |
1922- |
At Cold Ash, Newbury, Berkshire. |
Willis,
Robert, 1800-1875. |
|
Engineer and historian. |
1830 |
FRS. |
1837-1875
|
Prof. Mechanism Cambridge. |
Wills,
William |
|
Petty Officer Armourer on 2nd
voyage
of Beagle, on Adventure on 1st voyage. |
Wilmot,
Rev. Darwin, 1845-1935. |
|
W's mother was
second daughter
of Sir Francis Sacheverel D, CD's half-second cousin. W was Headmaster
of
Macclesfield Grammar School. |
1930 |
W had Erasmus D [I]'s
commonplace
book which he lent to Hesketh Pearson for Doctor Darwin, 225,
1930. It is now at Down House. |
Wilmot,
Sacheverel Darwin, 1885-? |
|
Second son and fourth child of
Rev. Darwin W.
|
Wilson
|
1797
|
A missionary in Tahiti for more
than 30
years, except for a short period when the missionaries had to flee to
New South Wales. W arrived on mission ship Duff in 1797. |
1835 |
Nov. CD met at Matavi. |
Wilson,
Alexander Stephen, 1827-1893. |
|
Agricultural
botanist of Edinburgh. |
1878-1880 |
CD to W, on races of Russian
wheat—MLii 419. |
Wilson,
Belford Hinton, 1804-1858. |
1832-1841
|
Consul General Lima. |
1835 |
Aug. 3 "Mr Wilson, most
exceedingly
obliging: having been Aide de Camp to Bolivar he has travelled much of
South America"—CD Diary pp. 329-32. |
1842-1852 |
Consul
General in Venezuela. |
Wilson,
Edmund Beecher, 1856-1939. |
|
Cytologist. |
1881 |
CD to W, thanking him for
information
of Scyllaea, a nudibranch mollusc found on Sargassum
which it closely mimics. W to Poulton, "His extraordinary kindness and
friendliness towards an obscure youngster who had of course absolutely
no claim on his time or attention"—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin,
107-108. |
1909-1928 |
Prof.
Zoology Columbia. |
Wilson,
Edward, 1814-1878. |
|
Australian politician. DNB. |
1842
|
W
first went to Australia in 1842. Later of Hayes Place, Kent. |
1873 |
"Owing to the great kindness and
powerful influence of Mr Wilson...I have received from Australia no
less than thirteen sets of answers to
my queries". This refers to CD's leaflet Queries about expression,
1867. These included one from Dyson Lacy in Queensland, who was a
relative of W—Expression 19. |
Winchester,
Hampshire. |
1846 |
Sep. 13 CD and ED
visited Winchester and St Cross on day trip from British Association
meeting at Southampton. |
[page] 305
|
|
Winmarleigh,
Baron, see Patten. |
Winkworth,
Emily |
1851 |
Married William Shaen. |
"Winter-flowering
plants" |
1869 |
"Fertilisation of
winter-flowering plants", Nature, Lond., 1:85 (Bii 160). |
Wiseman,
Lady Catherine, see Mackintosh. |
Wiseman,
Sir William |
|
First husband of Catherine
Mackintosh. |
Wollaston,
Thomas Vernon, 1822-1878. |
|
Naturalist. W
wintered in Madeira and other Atlantic islands, due to ill-health, and
was a specialist in their invertebrate fauna, especially beetles. DNB. |
1855 |
CD to Hooker, "Wollaston's
'Insecta Maderensia': it is an admirable
work"—LLii 44. |
1860 |
W wrote hostile review of Origin
in Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist.,
5:132. |
1868 |
CD to Stainton, "I have been
sincerely grieved to hear
about poor Wollaston's affairs, in which, I am told, you have taken so
kind an interest"—N&R 57. |
Wonder
|
|
Coach from London to Shrewsbury.
|
1835 |
CD to
Susan D mentions it—LLi 261. |
Wood,
Alexander Charles, 1810-? |
|
Son of Thomas and Lady Caroline.
Nephew of FR. BColonialist . Matriculated Trinity College,
Cambridge, 1831. A colonial land and emigration commissioner.
Robert FitzRoy's cousin. J.P. for Middlesex |
1831
|
Jan. went up to
Trinity. |
Wood,
Lady Caroline, see Lady Caroline
Stewart. |
Wood,
Searles Valentine, 1798-1880. |
|
Palaeontologist
and banker. DNB. |
1860 |
W was pro-Origin—LLii
293. |
Wood, Col.
Thomas |
|
Of Oxford, 1777/8 Jan.
26-?1760. Married Lady Caroline
Stewart. |
Wood, Thomas W.
|
1870 |
W drew figs 9, 10 and 14, of
cats and a snarling dog for Expression, 1872. |
1870 |
CD to A.
D. Bartlett, CD knew W personally in London and asks Bartlett to give
him facilities at Zoological Gardens—MLii 101. |
Wood,
Sir William Page, Baron Hatherley, 1801-1881. |
|
Barrister. DNB. |
1824-1879 |
Fellow of Trinity
Cambridge. |
1831 |
CD to
Henslow "Captain Fitzroy (probably owing to Wood's letter) seems
determined to make me [as] comfortable as he possibly can"—LLi 203. |
1831 |
CD to Susan D, "Wood (as might
be expected from a Londonderry)
solemnly warned Fitz-Roy that I was a whig"—LLi 208. |
1831 |
CD to
Henslow, "If you see Mr Wood remember me very kindly to him"—LLi 204. |
1832 |
"Wood and I
had intended writing by the Decr packet"—Darwin-Henslow 65.
|
1852 |
Kt. |
1868 |
1st Baron. |
1868-1877 |
Judge, Lord Chancellor. |
Woodall,
Edward |
|
Of Wingthorpe, Oswestry, Salop. |
Woodd,
Ellen
Sophia,
1820-1880. |
1846 |
Married as second wife Rev.
William
Darwin Fox. |
Woodhouse,
Shropshire.
|
|
Home of William Mostyn Owen and
his children. Known as The Forest. Near
Felton or near Rednall, 13 miles northwest of Shrewsbury on the
Holyhead Rd. CD was often there for shooting and
social occasions, both
before Beagle voyage and on his return. |
Woodward,
Samuel Pickworth, 1821-1865. |
|
Malacologist. DNB. |
1848-1865 |
Assistant Department of Geology
and Mineralogy British Museum. |
1851-1856 |
Manual of the Mollusca. |
1856 |
Jun. CD to W, had read his Manual
of the Mollusca with "much solid instruction and interest". CD
hoped to
see him in London in about a fortnight—Carroll 129. |
1856 |
Jun. CD to Lyell and to Hooker,
on W's views
on extended continents—LLii 72-74. |
1856 |
Jul. CD to W, on species—MLi
96. |
1860 |
CD to W, on volcanoes—FUL 112. |
[page] 306
|
|
Woodyeare,
John Fountain (né Fountain), 1809-1880. |
|
Cambridge friend of CD. |
1851-1880
|
Domestic Chaplain to Dowager
Countess of Cavan. |
Woollya
|
|
Settlement at Tierra del Fuego. |
1833 |
Jan.
27
R. Matthews, missionary, landed there from Beagle. |
|
Feb. 6 M
taken off again. |
Woolner,
Thomas, 1825-1892. |
|
Sculptor. DNB. |
1868 |
CD sat to
W for bust which was finished in 1869, now in Botany School Cambridge.
"It has a certain air of pomposity, which seems to me foreign to my
father's expression"—Francis D LLiii 106. |
|
The Wedgwood relief in CD's set at Christ's College Cambridge is by W.
Another copy, which Carroll 194 illustrates, is at American Philosophical
Society, Philadelphia. |
1871 |
CD to W, "One reviewer
('Nature') says that
they ought to be called, as I suggested in joke, Angulus
Woolnerianus"—LLiii 140. Nature, Lond., Apr. has
"Angulus
Woolnerii". W had discovered this small cartilaginous lobe in the human
pinna, which is more usually called "Darwin's peak". It is referred to
in Descent i 22, with woodcut. |
1877 |
May, W visited Down House. |
1882 |
W was on "Personal Friends
invited" list for CD's funeral. |
Working
Men's College, London, later Birkbeck
College. |
|
R. B. Litchfield was one of the
founders. |
1873 |
Henrietta
Litchfield—"Several times after my marriage, my father and mother
invited the party to Down. The first time was in the summer of
1873...often as many as sixty or seventy"—EDii 213. |
"Worms"
|
1869 |
"The formation of mould by
worms", Gardeners'
Chronicle, No. 20:530 (Bii 137, F1745). |
1880 |
CD to H. Johnson, "My
heart and soul care for worms and nothing else in the world just at
present"—N&R 74. "Darwin had none but kindly feelings for worms"—L.
Stephen, Biography of Swift see also Vegetable mould and worms.
|
Wormstone
|
|
The original stone was used by
CD to
measure the movement of soil due to earthworms. The stone now at Down
House was reconstructed by the Cambridge Instrument Company, Horace D's
firm, in 1929—Atkins 118. |
[page] 307
|
|
Worthing,
Sussex. |
1879 |
May 6-7 CD visited to see
Anthony Rich. |
1881 |
Sep. 8-10 the same. |
Wray,
Leonard Hume, 1816-1901. |
|
Fruit grower. CD
corresponded with on trimorphic flowers of strawberries. |
Wright,
Chauncey, 1830-1875. |
|
Computor in National
Almanac Office, Cambridge, Mass. |
circa 1860 |
CD corresponded with on
phyllotaxy after he had read W's papers in Astronomical J.,
No. 99, 1856 and Math. Monthly, 1859—LLiii 52. |
1871 |
W
reviewed
Mivart's The genesis of species in N. Amer. Rev.,
Jul. Oct. 23, CD arranged to have it published as a pamphlet, with
additions, Darwinism: being an examination of Mr St George
Mivart's Genesis of species, London. |
1871 |
Sep. CD to Hooker,
describes W's review as "a very clever, but ill-written review"—MLi
332. |
1872 |
W wrote in N. Amer. Rev.
in reply to an article by
Mivart in ibid., Apr. |
1872 |
Sep. W stayed at Down House. W
to
Sarah Sedgwick, "I was never so worked up in my life, and did not sleep
many hours under the hospitable roof"—LLiii 165, also in Letters
of
Chauncey Wright, 246-248. |
Wrigley,
Alfred, 1818-1898. |
|
Leonard and Horace D
were educated by W. |
1861-1882
|
Headmaster of Clapham
Grammar School after C. Pritchard. |
Wychfield,
Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge. |
|
Home of Sir
Francis D. |
Wyman,
Jeffries, 1814-1874. |
|
American
palaeontologist. Hervey Prof. Anatomy Harvard. W was a friend of Asa
Gray. |
1860 |
CD to Lyell, W had written to CD
about brains of rodents—MLi
169. |
Wymonsold,
Frances |
17th Cent
|
Married William Alvey.
CD's
ancestor in sixth generation. |
Wynne, Mr
|
|
W was a friend of CD's father.
Burckhardt spells "Wynn". Mayor of Shrewsbury. Bred horses and Malay
fowl—Burckhardt. |
before 1839 |
CD addressed some questions
on animal breeding to W. A rough copy in CD's hand was transcribed by
P. H. Barrett in H. E. Gruber, Darwin on man, 423-426, 1974
(F265). |
Wyon, Allan,
1843-1907. |
|
Sculptor and medallist.
Chief engraver of H.M. seals. |
1882 |
W made bronze medallion of
CD. |
|
Royal
Society Darwin Medal was reduced from this. |
|
An electrotype from
original wax is at British Museum (Natural History). |
[page 308]
XYZ
|
|
X
Club |
|
A small scientific dining club
in London. |
|
Members were Busk, Hooker,
Spencer, E. Frankland, Huxley, Spottiswoode,
T. A. Hirst and Lubbock. All except Spencer were FRS. They dined
before RS meetings, discussing its business affairs. CD was not a
member and appears never to have dined with them, but he was on
intimate terms with several. See J. V. Jensen, Brit. J.
Hist. Sci.,
5:63-72, 1970. |
1864-1911
|
Founded 1864 and met regularly
until 1892, then sporadically until 1911
on Hooker's death |
1913
|
Last surviving member was
Lubbock, died 1913. |
Yahgan
|
|
Indian tribe of eastern Tierra
del Fuego, to
which the four Indians taken to England by Fitz-Roy on 1st voyage of Beagle
belonged. Full name Yahgashagalumoala ("the people from the mountain
channel"), shortened by T. Bridges. |
Yardley,
Rev. |
1884 |
Vicar of St Chad, Shrewsbury;
speaks
of
CD at Shrewsbury School as "cheerful, good-tempered and
communicative"—Woodall
p. 16. |
Yarrell,
William, 1784-1856. |
|
London stationer and
naturalist. |
1831 |
CD to Susan D, Y had helped with
buying equipment for Beagle
voyage. "But one friend is quite invaluable...he goes to the shops
with me and bullies about prices"—LLi 208. |
Yiddish
|
1921 |
First edition in: Descent
of man
(F1138). |
York
Minster |
|
Fuegian man, taken to England by
Fitz-Roy on 1st voyage of Beagle. Returned on 2nd voyage.
Named after an islet near Cape Horn Island. Name in Alikhoolip language
Elleparu. |
1830
|
Y was aged about 26. |
before
1872
|
He was killed in a quarrel. |
York
Minster, Tierra del
Fuego. |
|
Southernmost peak of Waterman
Island. Named by Cook who described it as "a wild-looking rock". |
York
Place, No. 27, Baker St, London. |
1855 |
Jan. and Feb. CD rented
this house.
|
|
Feb. 15 returned to Down
House—MLii
205,
207. |
Young,
George, 1819-1907. |
|
Lord Advocate of Scotland. DNB.
|
1874-1905 |
Judge of the Court of Session,
with title "Lord Young". |
1875 |
Y lunched at Down
House—Darwin-Innes 242. |
"Z", see
Edward Blyth. |
Zacharias,
Emil Otto, 1846-1916. |
|
German freshwater
biologist of Geestemünde. |
1877 |
CD to Z, had sent him a pig's
foot with
an extra digit, which W. H. Flower examined—Carroll 511, 512. |
1877 |
CD
to Z, on the development of his belief in evolution, "When I was on
board the Beagle I believed in the
permanence of species"—MLi 367. |
1876 |
Zur Entwicklungstheorie,
Jena. |
1882 |
Charles R. Darwin und die
Culturhistorische Bedeutung
seiner Theorie vom Ursprung der Arten, Berlin. |
[page] 309
|
|
Zeeuwsch
Genootschap der Wetenschappen te Middleburg |
1877 |
CD Foreign Member. |
Zoological
Society of London, Regent's Park. |
1826 |
Founded. |
1831 |
CD Corresponding Member. |
1839 |
Fellow. |
1882 |
Apr. CD to W. Van
Dyck, "the Zoological Society which is much addicted to mere systematic
work"—LLiii 253. |
Zoology
of the Beagle |
1838-1843 |
The zoology of
the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy,
during the years 1832 to 1836, edited and with notes by CD; 19
numbers making up 5 parts. |
1838-1840
|
Part I, Fossil Mammalia,
4 numbers, by Richard Owen. |
1838-1839 |
Part II, Mammalia, 4
numbers, by G. R. Waterhouse. |
1838-1841
|
Part III, Birds, 4
numbers, by John Gould [and G. R. Gray]. |
1840-1842
|
Part IV, Fish, 4
numbers, by Leonard Jenyns. |
1842-1843
|
Part V, Reptiles [and
Amphibia], 2 numbers, by Thomas Bell. (F8-9). |
1975 |
Facsimile Part
V only (F9a). |
1979
|
Whole (F9b). |
"Zoophilus",
see Edward Blyth. |
[page 310]
Barlow, Nora editor 1945 Charles Darwin and the
voyage
of the Beagle. 279 pp, 15 pls, chart, London, Pilot Press.
Brent, Peter 1981 Charles Darwin: "A man of enlarged curiosity".
236 pp, 28 pls, 2 pastedown charts, London, Heinemann.
Clark, Ronald W. 1984 The survival of Charles Darwin: the
biography of a man and an idea. x+449 pp, 31 pls, London,
Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Darwin, Bernard Richard Meirion 1876-1961. Son of Francis Darwin. Essayist, sports writer and golf correspondent of The Times, 1908-53..
Darwin, Sir Francis 1917 Rustic sounds and other studies in
literature and natural history. 231 pp, 1 pl., text figs, London,
John Murray.
Darwin, Sir Francis 1920 Springtime and other essays.
xii+242 pp, 8 pls, London, John Murray.
Eiseley, Loren 1979 Darwin and the mysterious Mr. X.
xii+278
pp, 12 pls, London, J. M. Dent, New York, E. P. Dutton.
Freeman, R. B. 1984 Darwin pedigrees. viii+84 pp, 9 pls,
London, the author.
Herbert, Sandra editor The red notebook of Charles Darwin,
Bulletin
of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical
Series,
Vol. 7 pp. 1-164, text figs, 1980.
Keynes, Richard Darwin editor 1979 The Beagle record:
selections from the original pictorial records and written accounts of
the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. xiv+409 pp, pls and charts in text,
University Press,
Cambridge.
Tee, Garry [ref. to N.Z. paper].
Wedgwood, Barbara and Hensleigh 1980 The Wedgwood circle
1730-1897: four generations of a family and their friends.
xiii+386
pp, 13 col. and 119 pl. pls, London, Studio Vista.
Woodall, Edward 1884 Charles Darwin, Transactions of the
Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society Vol. VIII,
part 1, pp. 1-64, portrait, 6 pls. as a book London, Trübner and Co.,
Oswestry printed, 1884.
Tee, G. J. 1978 Charles Darwin's contacts with New Zealand, N.Z.
Genetical
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Darwin, Bernard R. M. 1955 The world Fred made. 256 pp, 8
pls, London, Chatto and Windus.
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