RECORD: [Leifchild, J. R.] 1859. [Review of] On the origin of species. Athenaeum no. 1673 (19 November): 659-660.

REVISION HISTORY: Scanned by Angus Carroll, transcribed (single key) by AEL Data, corrected and edited by John van Wyhe 8.2009. RN1

NOTE: See the record for this item in the Freeman Bibliographical Database by entering its Identifier here. The copy scanned is from the collection of Angus Carroll.

Darwin mistakenly thought this anonymous and first review of Origin of species was written by Samuel Pickworth Woodward.


[page] 659

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1859.

LITERATURE

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; or, the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. By Charles Darwin. (Murray).

MAN is born into a world in which he beholds abundant results, but is eye-witness of few processes. To be content with results is the mark of a benighted or corrupt state of society; to inquire into processes is the province of Science, and all the advancements of Science are at best but a truer cognizance of natural processes. Ignorance has often assumed the appearance of Knowledge by pronouncing this or that process to be the operation of a Law of Nature; and thus Law, instead of being regarded as merely a line of action, or a measurre of creative activity, has been most unphilosophically confounded with that activity itself. Men have postponed Deity and deified Law. They have propounded systems which, by laying hold upon Fancy, have lived a fluttering, brief existence, and then perished like the airy fabrics of a dream. Others, on the contrary, from excellent motives but mistaken views, have, in effect, excluded Law, and attributed every operation in nature to direct and continual interposition of Divine energy; thus debasing means and dislocating order. Like the Athenians of old, they have been "too superstitious" without, after all, being reasonably religious; and they have only erected an altar to an "unknown God," while they viewed themselves as the valorous vindicators of the homage due to the common Father of all who breathe.

Lady Constance Rawleigh, in Disraeli's brilliant tale, inclines to a belief that man descends from the monkeys. This pleasant idea, hinted in the 'Vestiges,' is wrought into something like a creed by Mr. Darwin. Man, in his view, was born yesterday—he will perish to-morrow. In place of being immortal, we are only temporary, and, as it were, incidental.

Naturalists of the highest eminence are thoroughly satisfied that each species of animal—all that flies, and walks, and creeps, and wades—has been independently created; and the majority of naturalists have agreed with Linnæus in supposing that all the individuals propagated from one stock have certain distinguishing characters in common, which will never vary, and which have remained the same since the creation of each species. Mr. Darwin, on the contrary, believes that "the innumerable species, genera, and families of organic beings with which this world is peopled, have all descended, each within its own class or group, from common parents, and have all been modified in the course of descent." To his mind, "it accords better with what we know of the laws impressed on matter by the Creator that the production and extinction of the past and present inhabitants of the world should have been due to secondary causes, like those determining the birth and death of the individual." When he views "all beings not as special creations, but as the lineal descendants of some few beings which lived long before the first bed of the Silurian system was deposited, they seem to him to become ennobled." We confess some doubt and some uneasiness here. "Judging from the past, we may safely infer that not one living species will transmit its unaltered likeness to a distant futurity. And of the species now living very few will transmit progeny of any kind to a far distant futurity; for the manner in which all organic beings are grouped shows that the greater number of species of each genus, and all the species of many genera, have left no descendants, but have become utterly extinct. We can so far take a prophetic glance into futurity as to foretell that it will be the common and widely-spread species, belonging to the larger and dominant groups, which will ultimately prevail and procreate new and dominant species." We cannot say that this is easy doctrine.

To support these bold views the volume is devoted. The world of animals is contemplated as engaged in one vast unceasing struggle for existence. All organic beings are exposed to severe competition. The face of Nature, it is true, is bright with gladness, and her garner-houses are stored with an abundance of food. Birds sing, insects hum, beasts prowl about in ease and take no thought for the morrow; but the morrow measured by seasons and years has not always a superabundance of food for them. The struggle for existence does not merely relate to self, but includes success in leaving healthy progeny. The high rate at which all organic beings tend to multiply approaches to the rapidity of geometrical increase. More individuals are produced than can by any possibility be supported. There must, then, in every case, be a severe struggle, either of one individual with another of the same species, or with individuals of distinct species, or with the physical conditions of life. Here we have the doctrine of Malthus applied, with augmented force, to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms, wherein there can be no artificial increase of food, and no prudential restraints from marriage! There being no exception to the rule that every organic being naturally increases at so high a rate that the earth would soon be covered with the progeny of a single pair,—even slow-breeding man doubling his numbers in twenty-five years,—it follows that destruction must check reproduction, and, if new species are to appear, extinction must be busy among the old.

The principle of a struggle for existence must be deeply engraved on the memory, in order to advance further into theory. So to engrave it, a striking picture might be drawn of the actual contest going on in the natural world. When an American forest is cut down, a very different vegetation springs up on the same spot. What a struggle has been in force there during long centuries between the several kinds of trees, each annually scattering its seeds by thousands, what warfare between insect and insect, between insects, snails and other animals, with birds and beasts of prey, between a crowd of combatants all striving to increase, all feeding on each other, or on the trees, or on their seed and seedlings, or on other plants which first clothed the ground, and thus checked the growth of trees! What, then, must have been the continual action and reaction of the innumerable plants and animals which, in the course of centuries, have determined the proportional numbers and kinds of trees now growing on old Indian ruins! How do our cherished poetical dreams mislead us, when we sing of the peacefulness and repose and harmlessness of animated nature, while the whole fields and forest are but one wide theatre of war!

Now, how does the struggle for existence operate with respect to Variation? Man can produce varieties in animals by the practice of selection. What he has already done by this means the menagerie, the poultry-yard, the field, and the garden display. Is there anything analogous to this in the course of Nature? The author contends that there is, and he names it Natural Selection. This principle, whatever others may think of it, and whether they admit its operations or not, in Mr. Darwin's book plays the prominent part. It may be plainly defined, and appears to be briefly this. Under domestication it may be truly said that the whole animal organization becomes in some degree plastic. As variations useful to man have undoubtedly occurred, is it not to be expected that other variations, useful in some way to each being in the great and complex battle of life, should sometimes occur in the course of thousands of generations? If such do occur, then, remembering the struggle for existence, individuals possessing any advantage over others would have the best chance of surviving and of procreating their kind, while injurious variations would be rigidly destroyed. Such a continual preservation of favourable, and rejection of injurious variations, is the principle of Natural Selection. It is illustrated, amplified, and confirmed by abundant examples through many pages. It is the author's pet principle, and if not exclusively his, nevertheless is dandled like a loved infant of unquestioned paternity, and nourished with appropriate aliment. It grows fast as we turn over the pages, and by the time we have arrived at the last, it walks by itself, it gratifies its father by its sturdy progress, it brings smiles to his face so "sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought," and you listen with wonder to the glorious future which he predicts for his hopeful progeny. Why for this rather than other theories? Surely in obedience to the impulse of Natural Selection. It is most natural that a father should supremely love his own offspring, most natural that he should select it from all others as the favoured of the future, as the successful competitor in the struggle for existence.

Certainly there is something poetical in the conception of a succession of created beings, daily and hourly making the wisest election amidst all variations and divergencies; carefully rejecting what is bad, and preserving and accumulating all that is good; operating silently and insensibly, whenever and wherever opportunity offers, towards the improvement of every organized existence in relation to its organic and inorganic condition of life. There is, too, a certain simplicity in the theory of descent with modification through natural selection from a few vastly remote progenitors. "I believe," says Mr. Darwin, "that animals have descended from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number. Analogy would lead us one step further—namely, to the belief that all animals and plants have descended from some one prototype." A cabbage may have been the parent plants, a fish the parent animal. It may have been a whale.

A man of imaginative power might most attractively depict the grand yet simple and direct issues of such a theory. Here are a vast variety of forms of life, most wonderfully co-adapted, most closely connected, most richly adorned, yet they are all "the lineal descendants of those which lived before the Silurian epoch; and one may feel certain that the ordinary succession by generation has never once been broken, and that no cataclysm has desolated the whole world. Hence, we may look with some confidence to a secure future of equally inappreciable length. And as Natural Selection works solely by and for the good of each being, all corporeal and mental endowments will tend to progress towards perfection." Yes, an unbroken, sure, though slow, living progress towards animal perfectibility is a delightful vision; natural and gradual optimism is a welcome fancy. What need of

[page] 660

distinct creation? If a monkey has become a man—what may not a man become?

Let the past history of organic life speak. From the thirteen miles in thickness of British strata (exclusive of igneous rocks) comes there no testimony? Palæontology is summoned into court, and is closely interrogated by Mr. Darwin. This proves but a hesitating and reluctant witness; yet counsel for the new theory detects and exposes its imperfections where its testimony is not favourable. We might fairly expect to find in the fossiliferous rocks not a few proofs of the former existence of the numerous intermediate links between distinct specific forms if the proposed theory be true. We do not find them, many will allege, because they never existed. Not so, says our theorist,—but because they were never preserved. Palæontology, however, has not yet revealed any such finely graduated organic scale, and it is not logical to assume that it ever will. When a record is flatly against you, it is quite allowable for you to display its imperfection, but, that being proved, you have only established a negative, and have acquired no confirmation. Grant imperfection, enormous lapse of time, poverty of palæontological collections, and comparative restriction of research, and other such postulates, and then the theory stands just as it stood before, uncorroborated by geology.

There is positively hostile testimony from the rocks to be confronted. Whole groups of species suddenly and abruptly appear in certain formations, and seem at once to contradict any theory of transmutation of species. Either that fact or the theory must be overturned. Of course, Mr. Darwin accepts the former alternative, and strives to show how liable we are to error in supposing that whole groups of species have been suddenly produced. But another and an allied objection may be started, derived from the manner in which numbers of species of the same group suddenly appear in the lowest known fossiliferous rocks. To meet this and uphold the new theory; it must be sustained by another, viz.,—that before the lowest Silurian stratum was deposited, immensely protracted periods elapsed, at least as long as any subsequent periods, and that during these vast extensions of time the world swarmed with living creatures. Several of the most eminent geologists, including Murchison, will refuse to admit this presumption. Mr. Darwin's geology is more singular than we had thought. "For instance," says he, "I cannot doubt that all Silurian trilobites have descended from some one crustacean which must have lived long before the Silurian age, and which probably differed greatly from any known animal." Extend and multiply such assumptions, and the theories may take any form you please.

We cannot pretend to follow our author in his wanderings through the whole series of phenomena associated with his subject. He omits nothing and he fears nothing. He does not shun objections, nor does he materially understate them; but he disposes of them all more or less confidently. Geographical distribution supplies strong arguments against him, but he considers them, and with evident self-satisfaction assures us that, "if we make due allowance for our ignorance of all the changes of climate and of the level of the land, which have certainly occurred within the recent period, and for other similar changes which may have occurred within the same period,—if we remember how profoundly ignorant we are with respect to the many and curious means of occasional transport; if we bear in mind how often a species may have ranged continuously over a wide area, and then have become extinct in the intermediate tracts, the difficulties in believing that all the individuals of the same species, wherever located, have descended from the same parents are not insuperable." But might not the same style of reasoning, or rather of accommodating, be made use of with equal effect to support opposite views? Still onward, through other departments of research, the argument proceeds, and out of classification and embryology the author contrives to extract plain proofs that "the innumerable species, genera and families of organic beings, with which this world is peopled, have all descended, each within its own class or group, from common parents, and have all been modified in the course of descent." Such is the object of every chapter, such the purport of the entire argument. The simple outline is sometimes lost sight of, in the crowd of manifold illustrations and considerations, but it is merely this throughout.

After all, this book is but an abstract:—it is the pilot balloon to a greater machine. Probably it is designed to show which way the wind blows. The larger work is nearly finished, but it will demand two or three more years for completion. Health, labour, and observations are wanting for awhile, but in due season we hope to see the work "with references and authorities for the several statements." We should offer remarks on some important topics but that our author says, "A fair result can be obtained only by fully stating and balancing the facts and arguments on both sides of the question; and this cannot possibly be here done."

Meanwhile Mr. Darwin anticipates small favour from many of the older and more eminent naturalists; his hopes chiefly rest on the young, and, as he would say, the unshackled. "A few naturalists" he observes, "endowed with much flexibility of mind, who have already begun to doubt on the immutability of species, may be influenced by this volume; but I look with confidence to the future, to young and rising naturalists who will be able to view both sides of the question with impartiality." It is enough for us to add that neither book, author, nor subject is of merely ordinary character. The work deserves attention, and will, we have no doubt, meet with it. Scientific naturalists will take up the author upon his own peculiar ground; and there will we imagine be a severe struggle for at least theoretical existence. Theologians will say—and they have a right to be heard—Why construct another elaborate theory to exclude Deity from renewed acts of creation? Why not at once admit that new species were introduced by the Creative energy of the Omnipotent? Why not accept direct interference, rather than evolutions of law, and needlessly indirect or remote action? Having introduced the author and his work, we must leave them to the mercies of the Divinity Hall, the College, the Lecture Room, and the Museum.

Schiller's Life and Works. By Emil Palleske. Translated by Lady Wallace. 2 vols. (Longman & Co.)

How far the English public will consider the ecstasies in which Lady Wallace writes of the Biography now presented by her in our language warranted by the book itself admits of some doubt. It is certainly the most copious among the records of the poet's life given to the public,—but neither in spirit nor style is it very acceptable. A spirit of partizanship has mingled a little bile with the ink, and the pen is not wholly without stiletto humour in it. It is partizan,—which possibly the Life of no great poet should be. We wrangle about the motives of a political leader,—we work out the energy or the empiricism of a great projector; but there is something wearisome and unjust in the idea of the grave of a kingly and true man being made not so much an altar as a shooting academy. This humour grows in Germany. If a choice must be made between two great men, England's sympathies would possibly, as regards the majority, be for Schiller as preferable to Goethe;—because of his fire, his wondrously picturesque imagination, his direct and intelligible style, in which the half-meanings are few, and the indications of something within, which never can be wholly seen, are fewer.—But English taste will long, we hope, be revolted at the fancy of extolling one hero by decrying another. We do not write lives of Shakespeare in order to prove that Ben Jonson was an academical pedant, crammed with conceit and that luxurious fancy which implies an insincere heart. Once in a quarter of a century, it is true, we may find a poet, and a real poet, who, as in the case of the author of 'Philip van Artevelde,' thinks it necessary to defend his own ware, by sitting in judgment on men who have gone before him; but the drama is accepted: the Preface forgiven. With our cousins it seems different. To raise one man, they must knock down some other. The notorious and helpful friendship of Goethe with Schiller — the sublime words spoken by the former at the death of the younger man—the lines in the garden-window at Ilmenau—should, from all Germans at least who revere their own great men, be better recollected than seems to be now the German fashion. The late London festival was wrong, in this respect, Herr Palleske disposes of every person whose name or fame could interfere with his hero. Herder and Richter, no small names in the German Pantheon, are credited with having set up a "mutual-admiration society" of two. Tieck, a smaller and less distinct genius—and still how charming, how dreamy, how elegant—is in other pages dismissed with condescending toleration.—Is this needful? Till lately we have fancied such devices expedients resorted to by venal authors. Southey's hates and preferences have been referred by his antagonists to his butt of sack as Laureate. But a book like the one under hand shows no less distinctly that antipathy and imputation are in every world of pen and ink. They should not, however, come into play when the subject is the life and works of so real and noble a poet as Schiller.

Lady Wallace is enchanted with the "philosophical and metaphysical subtleties which pervade the work, running through every chapter like the scarlet threads on the canvas of the British fleet." These we cannot wholly accredit, so far as we understand them. In tracing Schiller's life, his relations with women (to name but one subtlety) could not of course be overlooked by Herr Palleske. These were curious, complicated, and impassioned. A train of high-souled maids, wives, and widows, in different stages and states of mental and moral distemperature and wretchedness, during a large part of his manhood, followed his genius in adoring procession. Herr Palleske is diffuse in defending this triumph of sentimentality, and subtle in laying down the law of liberty, which "the wild women of Germany" (as they have been not unjustly called) laid down for themselves, to their own ultimate wretchedness. But we English have not yet arrived at the sublime point from which self-control and duty seem specks beneath notice. Our poets have some of them been like all poets—lawless in cravings for sympathy—and their biographers have again and again attempted to promulgate the genius-theory which admits of a sliding scale

[title]

THE ATHENÆUM

Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts.

No. 1673. LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1859. PRICE
FOURPENCE
Stamped Edition, 5d.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.—Notice is hereby given, that the FIRST HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATION for MATRICULATION in this University will commence on MONDAY, the 9th of January, 1860.

Every Candidate is required to transmit his Certificate of Age to the Registrar (Burlington House, London W.) at least fourteen days before the commencement of the Examination.

WILLIAM B. CARPENTER M.D. Registrar.

Nov. 10, 1859.

ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS.—At a General Assembly of the Academicians, held on Wednesday, the 16th inst., JOHN PHILLIP, Esq., was elected on ACADEMICIAN in the room of C. R. Leslie, Esq., deceased, and SYDNEY SMIRKE, Esq., in the room of Sir Robert Smirke, resigned. JOHN PRESCOTT KNIGHT, R.A., Sec.

UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN.—DONNELLAN LECTURE.

Applications from Candidates for the Office of DONNELLAN LECTURER for 1860, should be sent to the Registrar of the University on or before the 26th of November. Each Candidate is required to send in with his application a statement of the subject on which he proposes to Lecture. All Clergymen of the United Church of England and Ireland, who are Masters of Arts of the University of Dublin, are eligible.

By order, JAMES H. TODD, Registrar.

BIRMINGHAM CATTLE AND POULTRY SHOW.

THE ELEVENTH GREAT ANNUAL EXHIBITION OF CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS, ROOTS, DOMESTIC POULTRY, and PIGEONS will be held in BINGLEY HALL, on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, the 28th, 29th, and 30th of November, and the 1st of December.— Admission, on Monday, the PRIVATE VIEW, Five Shillings; on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, One Shilling.

CHARING-CROSS HOSPITAL, West Strand.

—The ASSISTANCE of the Benevolent is earnestly requested for the maintenance of this Hospital in full efficiency, and will be thankfully received by the Secretary, at the Hospital; and by Messrs, Coutts, Messrs. Drummond, and Messrs. Hoare; and through all the principal Bankers.

JOHN ROBERTSON, Hon. Sec.

HOSPITAL for CONSUMPTION, BROMPTON.—Subscriptions, Donations, and Legacies are GREATLY NEEDED to MAINTAIN in full vigour this Charity, which has no endowment.

PHILIP ROSE. Hon. Sec.

HENRY DOBBIN, Sec.

PICTURE GALLERY.—CRYSTAL PALACE.—

ARTISTS are respectfully informed that, owing to the advantageous arrangements lately entered into with the Council of the Crystal Palace Art-Union, the PICTURE GALLERY WILL NOT, as originally intended, CLOSE for re-organization, but will REMAIN OPEN until NEXT SPRING.

Artists desirous of sending in contributions can still do so, subject to the same conditions as heretofore.

Application to be made to Mr. C. W. WASS, Crystal Palace, Sydenham, S.E.

By order, GEORGE GROVE, Secretary. Crystal Palace, Nov. 12, 1859.

ART-UNION of GLASGOW.—NOW OPEN DAILY (and on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday Evenings, from 7 till 9), at the Victoria Cross Gallery, Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, the EXHIBITION of PRIZE PAINTINGS, &c., to be distributed amongst the Subscribers for the Present Year.—Admission, Free. ROBERT A. KIDSTON, Acting Secretary.

CHARLES J. ROWE, Exhibition Manager. Subscriptions received, and Engravings delivered at the Gallery.

NEW ART-UNION.—Limited to 5,000 Subscribers. For a Subscription of One Guinea will be given a set of seven of the finest large line engravings ever issued, the proof impressions of which were published at Seventy Guineas. They are of world-wide celebrity and undying interest. Each of the seven given for the Guinea Subscription is of more value than the single print usually given by Art-Unions for the same sum. The plates will be destroyed so soon as the 5,000 sets are absorbed, so that each Subscriber will thereupon, hold a property worth at least 10s. 6d. an impression, or 3l. 13s. 6d, for the set of seven; and, as no more copies can be produced, it may be relied upon that before long the set will be worth 7l. 7s., or more.

Upon application, a Set of the Engravings will be sent for Inspection anywhere in London.

Specimens may be seen, and Prospectuses obtained, at DAY & SON, Lithographers to the Queen, 6, Gate-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields, London.

A UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR, educating his son, aged fifteen, for Honours at Cambridge, is desirous of RECEIVING into his Family ONE or TWO quiet, studious BOYS intended for either of the English Universities. In addition to careful private instruction, they would have the privilege of attending the Mathematical Lectures of a highly-distinguished Senior Wrangler, and the Greek Lectures of a first-class Oxford Man. The Advertiser's residence is situated at the sea-side.—Address F. R. S., to the care of Messrs. T. & W. Boone, 29, New Bond-street, London.

GENTLEMEN engaged in Archæological Pursuits ASSISTED by an experienced Translator of Ancient Records, on moderate terms.—Address O. V. P., 9, College-road, Eaton-Square, S. W.

EWELL COLLEGE, near EPSOM, SURREY.

Principal—W. KNIGHTON, LL.D. M.R.A.S. &c.

Vice-Principal—The Rev. T. BATES, B.A. Oxon.

Efficient preparation for the Universities, the Army and Navy, the Civil Services, and for Engineering and Commercial Life, will be found in Ewell College. School Department, 50 and 60 guineas per annum. College Class, 70 guineas; with separate bed-room, 100 guineas.

The elder Pupils live in a separate house, within the College walls, under the direct supervision of the Vice-Principal and Chaplain.

References to the Lord Bishops of Oxford, Lichfield, and Lincoln; as well as to the parents of pupils.

DR. LOVELL'S SCHOOL, Winslow Hall, Bucks, for the Sons of Noblemen and Gentlemen (established 1836).—The Course of Tuition is preparatory to the Public Schools, Eton, Rugby, and Harrow, Sandhurst College, and the Army and Navy Examinations. Native Teachers of French and German reside in the House; and these Languages form an integral part of the daily school duty. The number of Pupils is strictly limited, and none are admitted beyond sixteen years old.—All further particulars can be had of the PRINCIPAL.

THE GOVERNESSES' INSTITUTION, 34, SOHO-SQUARE.—MRS. WAGHORN, who has resided many years abroad, respectfully invites the attention of the Nobility, Gentry, and Principals of Schools, to her REGISTER of English and Foreign GOVERNESSES, TEACHERS, COMPANIONS, TUTORS, and PROFESSORS. School Property transferred, and Pupils introduced in England, France, and Germany. No charge to Principals.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES for YOUNG LADIES:—1, Cadogan-gardens, Sloane-street, S.W.:—28, Somerset-street, Portman-square, W.—Porchester House, Porchester-terrace, W.—Will Re-open on the 24th of November, (24th year).—French, History, Geography, Astronomy, English, German, Italian, Drawing and Painting, Piano and Singing, Writing and Arithmetic, Dancing and Deportment—Applications to be addressed to Mr. A. ROCHE, Cadogan-gardens.

GERMAN, French, Italian.—Dr. ALTSCHUL, Author of 'First German Reading-Book,' (dedicated to Her Grace the Duchess of Sutherland,) &c. M. Philolog. Soc., Prof. Elocution.—TWO LANGUAGES TAUGHT in the same lesson, or alternately, on the same Terms as One, at the pupils' or at his house. Each language spoken in his PRIVATE Lessons, and select CLASSES for Ladies and Gentlemen. Preparation for all ordinary pursuits of life, the Universities, Army, and Civil Service Examinations.—9, OLD BOND-STREET, PICCADILLY.

GERMAN, FRENCH, DUTCH, by Dr. Köster, Assistant Examiner, C. S. C., late Tutor to H.R.H. the Prince of Orange, conversationally and grammatically, in Families, Schools, and Classes. Entire preparation for the Civil Service Examinations.—Address Christian Association, 165, Aldersgate-street, and 22, Southampton-street, Bloomsbury.

MILITARY EXAMINATIONS, &c.—Mr. PINN, B.A., 8., Clifton-road, St. John's Wood, PREPARES CANDIDATES (resident or not) for the Military or Civil Service. Having had great experience, and teaching Fortification and all the necessary subjects himself, he can undertake cases which would prove or have proved failures at the ordinary Military Institutions. Terms very moderate. Kilburn and Atlas omnibus routes close by.

EDUCATION.—A LADY, of great experience in training the Young of all ages, will have VACANCIES in her Establishment, which is among those of the very first class, after Christmas. Her position being essentially that of a Christian mother, her arrangements are made on the plan of a family, and her time exclusively devoted to the superintendence of everything connected with her young friends. The formation of character, by the harmonious development of the mental and moral powers, are simultaneously carried on with accomplishments under the first Professors, who attend as well for English, Science, and Literature in all their branches; also English and Foreign Lady-Teachers resident.—Address M. E., Hatchard & Co. Booksellers, 187, Piccadilly, W.

UNDER DISTINGUISHED PATRONAGE.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE, 24, Orchard-street, Portman-square, under the direction of Mrs. HASKETT, née RETTIG.—This Institution is established to afford facilities for the study of the FOREIGN LANGUAGES, MUSIC, and the usual accomplishments of education. Professors of eminence attend the Institute.—Terms, and full particulars, on application to Mrs. Haskett.

MADAME CAPLIN'S ANATOMICAL and PHYSIOLOGICAL GALLERY—(for Ladies only)—OPEN DAILY, at 58, BERNERS-STREET, OXFORD-STREET, W. A Course of Lectures every Wednesday by MADAME CAPLIN, commencing at 2'oclock. Medical Gentlemen are invited, as usual, on Saturdays.

LAVATER.—MEMORIAL of the GREAT LAVATER.—TO BE SOLD, a very handsome Silver Mounted MEDICINE CHEST, containing Forty Bottles, silver mounted, and Instruments in Silver, formerly the property of Lavater, now belonging to his daughter, who is not in very good circumstances.—Apply by letter, post paid, to MADAME LAVATER, Zurich.

PHONETIC SHORTHAND or PHONOGRAPHY.—A thorough knowledge of this Art guaranteed by Mr. F. PITMAN in one course of lessons, for a Guinea, by post or personally; or in Mr. Pitman's Classes, 7s. 6d.

F. PITMAN, 20, Paternoster-row, London, E.C.

HAKLUYT SOCIETY.—Established for the purpose of printing Rare or Unpublished Voyages and Travels.

Now ready,

EARLY VOYAGES to TERRA AUSTRALIS, now called AUSTRALIA. A Collection of Documents and Extracts from Early MS. Maps, illustrative of the History of Discovery on the Coasts of that Island, from the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century to the Time of Capt. Cook. Edited, with Introduction, by R. H. MAJOR, Esq. F.S.A.

In preparation,

NARRATIVE of the EMBASSY of RUY GONZALES de CLAYVIJO to the COURT of TIMOUR, at Samarcand, A.D. 1403—6. Translated, for the first times, with Notes, a Preface, and an Introductory Life of Timour Beg, by CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, Esq. F. R. G. S.

A COLLECTION of DOCUMENTS forming a MONOGRAPH of the VOYAGES of HENRY HUDSON Edited, with an Introduction, by GEORGE ASHER, Esq. LL.D.

Subscriptions and Names of New Subscribers received by Mr. RICHARDS, 37. Great Queen-street, London, W.C.

"HOW TO MAKE THE MOST OF BOTH WORLDS."

MR. KIDD'S GENIAL "GOSSIPS."— "THE SPIRIT AND ESSENCE OF 'KIDD'S JOURNAL,'—SOMETHING OF EVERY THING, AND ALL OF THE BEST."

"May the day soon break," said the good KEPLER, in the sixteenth century (and his glorious wish is only just beginning to be realized in the nineteenth century 1), "when pious simplicity will be ashamed of its blind superstition; when men will stoop to recognize Truth in the Book OF NATURE as well as in the Holy Scriptures,—and not fear to rejoice (as they ought to rejoice) in the Two Revelations!"

A List of Mr. WILLIAM KIDD'S POPULAR "GOSSIPS" (Educational, Social, Philosophical, Anecdotal, and Instructive), and Terms, sent post-free.—Hammersmith, Nov. 19.

MR. KIDD'S NEW HOLIDAY "GOSSIP."

"FUNNY FACTS for FUNNY FOLKS."—

"Let those laugh now who never laughed before:
And those who always laughed now laugh the more!"

Mr. WILLIAM KIDD'S New Grand JUVENILE ENTERTAINMENT, entitled "FUNNY FACTS for FUNNY FOLKS." is admirably adapted for PUBLIC and PRIVATE SCHOOLS; also for LITERARY INSTITUTIONS generally. It abounds in Original and Racy ANECDOTES of Mr. KIDD'S 400 FURRED and FEATHERED FAVOURITES, and embodies many years' actual EXPERIENCE in the WORLD of NATURE.

Terms sent free.—Hammersmith, Nov. 19.

"LIFE:—An empty glitter, without LOVE."—L. E. L.

"LITTLE BIRDS and THEIR SYMPATHIES," an Original (ILLUSTRATED) Paper by WILLIAM KIDD, of Hammersmith, will appear in No. X. of 'EVERYBODY'S JOURNAL.' the Pet of the Periodicals, price Three-halfpence, weekly, charmingly ILLUSTRATED.

Hammersmith, Nov. 19.

TO AUTHORS.—A PUBLISHER of superior Books is ready to share with Authors in the expense of bringing out a few SELECT WORKS on the Natural Sciences, Fiction, Biography, or any useful and entertaining subjects, adapted for either sex, or any age.—Address R. Z., 37, Queen-square, Bloomsbury, London, W.C.

THE PRESS.—A Gentleman, thoroughly qualified, seeks an appointment as EDITOR or SUB-EDITOR on a liberal or neutral paper. Has had metropolitan and provincial experience.—Address SIGMA, 33, Walness, Pendleton, Manchester.

EPILEPSY.—A PHYSICIAN, who has been most successful in the treatment of this Malady, has now a VACANCY for a Gentleman. As everything is of the first class, including special attendant and carriage, liberal terms will be expected.—Apply to MEDICUS, 62, Bedford-street South, Liverpool.

THE LATE CAPTAIN SIR WILLIAM PEEL., R.N.—Messrs. PAUL and DOMINIC COLNAGHI & CO., 13 and 14, Pall Mall East, Publishers to Her Majesty, beg to announce that they are NOW PUBLISHING a PORTRAIT of Captain Sir William Peel, lithographed by Mr. Lynch from a Photograph by Mr. Verschoyle, Size, 16 by 12 inches. Proofs, 15s.; Prints, 10s. 6d.

ENGRAVING ON WOOD.—To PUBLISHERS of WORKS on CHEMISTRY and GENERAL SCIENCE.—Mr. B. J. MALDEN, having made Chemical and Physical Science his study in connexion with the Art of Wood Engraving, is prepared to undertake the DRAWING and ENGRAVING of SCIENTIFIC DIAGRAMS with the desired exactitude.—29, Hart-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.

WOOD-ENGRAVING.—MR. GILKS respectfully announces that he continues to execute every branch of the Art in the best style, and at most reasonable charges. Labels, Show-cards, and Trade Catalogues DESIGNED and PRINTED.—London, 21, ESSEX-STREET, STRAND, W.C.

DAY & SON, Lithographers to the Queen, execute in the best style, on the most reasonable terms, and with despatch, every description of LITHOGRAPHY, Chromo-Lithography, and Steel and Copper Plate Printing, Artistic or Commercial. Estimates prepared with promptness.—Gate-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields.

TO BE SOLD, an ACHROMATIC TELESCOPE by Tulley, 4½ inch aperture, 5-feet focal length, brass tube, mahogany stand, 5 eye-pieces, steadyings, rods, &c. Warranted good, and in good condition.—Apply to N. N., Post-office, Lincoln.

MR. B. H. SMART continues to INSTRUCT CLERICAL and other Pupils in ELOCUTION, to attend Classes for English generally, and to engage for Readings—'The INTRODUCTION to GRAMMAR on its true BASIS, with Relation to Logic and Rhetoric,' price 1s., of all Booksellers.

37, Wyndham-street, Bryanstone-square, W.

SOUTH AUSTRALIAN BANKING COMPANY

Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1847.

LETTERS of CREDIT and BILLS issued upon Adelaide, Port Adelaide, and Gawler. Approved Drafts negotiated and sent for collection. Every description of Banking business is conducted direct with Victoria, New South Wales, and also the other Australian Colonies, through the Company's Agents.—Apply at 54, Old Broad-street, London, E.C.

London, Nov. 1, 1859. WILLIAM PURDY, Manager.

BANK OF DEPOSIT,
ESTABLISHED A. D. 1844.

3, PALL MALL EAST, LONDON.

Capital Stock, 100,000l.

Parties desirous of investing money are requested to examine the plan of the Bank of Deposit, by which a high rate of interest may be obtained with ample security.

Deposits by special agreement may be withdrawn without notice. The interest is payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON, Managing Director.

Forms for opening Accounts sent free on application.

 


Return to homepage

Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

File last updated 17 June, 2024