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F1840    Book:     Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
Icterus , and 1 as Wren or warbler. As explained by Sulloway (loc. cit.), Gould named altogether thirteen species of Darwin's finches, but four of these have since been recognized as variant forms. Those called finches by CD were the medium and small ground finches Geospiza fortis and G. fuliginosa (NHM 1855.12.19.167), the sharp-beaked ground finch G. nebulosa, the large and small insectivorous tree finches Camarhynchus psittaculus (NHM 1855.12.19.12 and .22) and G. parvula, and the vegetarian
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A88    Periodical contribution:     Gould, J. 1837. [Remarks on a Group of Ground Finches from Mr. Darwin's Collection, with Characters of the New Species]. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 5: 4-7.   Text   Image   PDF
Ground Finches, so peculiar in form that he was induced to regard them constituting an entirely new group, containing 14 species, and appearing to be strictly confined to the Galapagos Islands. Mr. Gould believed the whole of these Birds to be undescribed, and remarked that their principal peculiarity consisted in the bill presenting several distinct modifications a form, while the general contour of the species closely assimilated. He proposed to characterize them under the separate generic
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A697    Periodical contribution:     Martin, W. 1837. Observations on three specimens of the genus Felis presented to the Society by Charles Darwin, Esq., Corr. Memb. Z. S. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 5: 3-4.   Text   Image   PDF
, Lagostomus trichodactylus of Brooks. This example, not much larger than our common Rat, differs from the adult in wanting the ridge of stiff black hairs over the eyes so conspicuous in old specimens, and in wanting also the grooves on the teeth. Mr. Gould exhibited from Mr. Darwin’s collection of Birds, a series of Ground Finches, so peculiar in form that he was induced to regard them as constituting an entirely new group, containing 14 species, and appearing to be strictly confined to the Galapagos
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F10.3    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.   Text   Image   PDF
brought home the specimens) that one species (Orpheus trifasciatus, Gould) is exclusively found in Charles Island; a second (O. parvulus) on Albemarle Island; and a third (O. melanotus) common to James and Chatham Islands. The two last species are closely allied, but the first would be considered by every naturalist as quite distinct. I examined many specimens in the different islands, and in each the respective kind was alone present. These birds agree in general plumage, structure, and
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F10.3    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.   Text   Image   PDF
Plata throughout Brazil to Mexico ; 4th. A sylvicola, an American form, and especially common in the northern division of the continent; 5th. Three species of mocking-birds, a genus common to both Americas; 6th. A finch, with a stiff tail and a long claw to its hinder toe, closely allied to a North American genus; 7th. A swallow belonging to the American division of that genus; 8th. A dove, like, but distinct from, the Chilian species ; 9th. A group of finches, of which Mr. Gould considers there
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F8.15    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1841. Birds Part 3 no. 5 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
those of the male. Habitat, Galapagos Archipelago. (Charles and Chatham Islands.) I have strong reasons for believing this species is not found in James's Island. Mr. Gould considers the G. magnirostris as the type of the genus. 2. GEOSPIZA STRENUA. Gould. PLATE XXXVII. G. fuliginosa, crisso albo, rostro fusco et nigro tincto; pedibus nigris. Long. tot. 5 1/2 unc.; alæ, 3; caudæ, 1 3/8; tarsi, 3/4; rostri, 5/8; alt. rost. 3/8. Fœm. Summo corpore fusco singulis plumis alarum caudæque plumis exceptis
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F9.3    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1841. Birds Part 3 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
those of the male. Habitat, Galapagos Archipelago. (Charles and Chatham Islands.) I have strong reasons for believing this species is not found in James's Island. Mr. Gould considers the G. magnirostris as the type of the genus. 2. GEOSPIZA STRENUA. Gould. PLATE XXXVII. G. fuliginosa, crisso albo, rostro fusco et nigro tincto; pedibus nigris. Long. tot. 5 1/2 unc.; alæ, 3; caudæ, 1 3/8; tarsi, 3/4; rostri, 5/8; alt. rost. 3/8. Fœm. Summo corpore fusco singulis plumis alarum caudæque plumis exceptis
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F20    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.   Text   Image   PDF
differing from the Progne purpurea of both Americas, only in being rather duller coloured, smaller, and slenderer, is considered by Mr. Gould as specifically distinct. Fifthly, there are three species of mocking-thrush a form highly characteristic of America. The remaining land-birds form a most singular group of finches, related to each other in the structure of their beaks, short tails, form of body, and plumage: there are thirteen species, which Mr. Gould has divided into four sub-groups
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F59    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1890. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle etc. London: John Murray. (First Murray illustrated edition.)   Text   Image   PDF
be fancied that a bird originally a buzzard had been induced here to undertake the office of the carrion-feeding Polybori of the American continent. FINCHES FROM GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. Of waders and water-birds I was able to get only eleven kinds, and of these only three (including a rail confined to the damp summits of the islands) are new species. Considering [page] 406 GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAG
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F167c    Book:     Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1979. The Beagle record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
finches, of which Mr Gould considers there are thirteen species; and these he has distributed into four new sub-genera. These birds are the most singular of any in the archipelago. They all agree in many points; namely, in a peculiar structure of their bill, short tails, general form, and in their plumage. The females are gray or brown, but the old cocks jet-black. All the species, excepting two, feed in flocks on the ground, and have very similar habits. It is very remarkable that a nearly perfect
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F167c    Book:     Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1979. The Beagle record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
1835 galapagos islands                                                                                                                        c.d./r.f. instance the berry-bearing tree, called Guyavita, which is common on James Island, certainly is not found on Charles Island, though appearing equally well fitted for it. Unfortunately, I was not aware of these facts till my collection was nearly completed: it never occurred to me, that the productions of islands only a few miles apart, and
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A2955    Pamphlet:     Freeman, R. B. 1982. Darwin and Gower Street: an exhibition in the Flaxman Gallery of the Library, University College London, Monday 19 April 1982. London: UCL.   Text   PDF
. [F1640]. 37. 1837 (Remarks on the habits of the genera 'Geospiza, Camarhynchus, Cactornis', and 'Certhidea' of Gould.) 'Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London', Part V, Number LIII, p. 49. Meeting of 10 May 1837. (Title from List of Contributors). John Gould, at the meeting on 10 January, had described thirteen species of finches in the genus Geospiza, with four subgenera, from material brought back by Darwin from the Galapagos Islands. Gould did not say from which [page] 2
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
Rijksmuseum acquired its own Galapagos finches, Lafresnaye's entire collection, including all of his Galapagos specimens, was sold to the Boston Society of Natural History. The collection now resides at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. None of the Galapagos finches have survived. I have been unable to trace the whereabouts of Léclancher's fourth dove and his one specimen of the Cactus Finch. There were two other expeditions to the Galapagos after 1838 and before 1863. The
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
finches only really became Darwin's finches after Gould rectified many of Darwin's earlier field misclassifications, and thereby clarified the unity and complexity of the group18. More important still for Darwin's evolutionary thinking, Gould (1837d) declared that 3 of the 4 island forms of Galapagos mockingbird brought to England by Darwin were distinct species, a possibility that Darwin had already asserted 'would undermine the stability of [page] 58 F. J. SULLOWA
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
large bill of G. nebulosa nebulosa might plausibly be accounted for by the simultaneous operation of character release and character displacement in an upward direction. Indeed, Charles Island is unique in being the only island in the Galapagos on which the majority of resident Geospizinae have smaller bills than G. nebulosa. Hence a net upward displacement in bill size would be expected compared with other subspecies of this species. Geospiza parvula Gould = Geospiza fuliginosa Gould and
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
to separately under Darwin's collection. Darwin, who lacked a female of this species (sensu Gould), apparently borrowed it from Thomas C. Eyton in order that Gould might describe it (see page 64). Geospiza fuliginosa Gould Covington collected one specimen of G. fuliginosa, a female or juvenile male, on Chatham Island (no. 1885.12.14.320). The locality is given on the label. The Leiden Rijksmuseum collection Swarth (1931 : 12) has claimed that several Galapagos birds that he judged to be from the
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
ornithological analysis of his Galapagos birds, finally became a convinced evolutionist and realized the closely related nature of the Geospizinae. Darwin's specimens, which were largely unlabelled by island, later acquired a number of erroneous localities as a result of Darwin's own incorrect guesses, as well as the efforts of later ornithologists to make Darwin's specimens agree with his published localities. As for the three other Beagle collections of Darwin's finches, these are accurately
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
-department of Ornithology, Tring. FitzRoy presented one further specimen on 15 March 1837, an egg of Rhea darwinii. FitzRoy's Galapagos portion of the collection included 50 skins, 21 of them finches, all with an island locality. Some of these Galapagos specimens belonged to another shipmate, however; and only 24 Galapagos skins, 13 of them finches, actually went to the British Museum. 21. See DAR 29.3 : 26, 28-30. Ironically, that other shipmates on the Beagle, but not Darwin, recorded island
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
(Pinaroloxias inornata) was collected in 1840 during the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur and was described by Gould (1843). 19. It is often claimed that Darwin was impressed by the American character of his Galapagos finches (see, for example, Silverstein, 1974 : 505; and Ruse, 1979 : 164). But [page] 84 F. J. SULLOWA
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
Because these eight specimens were apparently named by Gould and were later used by Darwin in supplying locality information for the Zoology, they may be considered syntypes. None of the specimens possess island localities on their labels, and most are lacking an indication of the sex. This information has been resupplied here, based on Darwin's manuscript notes and FitzRoy's catalogue. Geospiza magnirostris Gould = Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris Gould Fuller collected one specimen of this
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
isolated specimens of G. magnirostris taken on Charles Island54. Among Darwin's finches, colonizations of islands within the Galapagos group probably occur much more frequently than has hitherto been appreciated on the basis of collectors' evidence. Geospiza strenua Gould = Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris Gould × Geospiza fortis Gould? FitzRoy collected one specimen of G. strenua, an adult male from Chatham Island (no. 1837.2.21.396 = FitzRoy no. 397). This specimen is intermediate between G
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
shortly after his meeting with Gould in March of 1837, was a direct consequence of these two conclusions. Reconstructing the finch localities In the wake of Gould's taxonomic findings, many of them quite unexpected, Darwin soon realized that the unusual features of the Galapagos finches could be largely explained if they, like the mockingbirds, were confined to separate islands. He therefore began to solicit information from those shipmates on the Beagle who had made their own private
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
(1931 : 208) and Lack (1945 : 16-17) concur that the specimen indeed belongs to C. psittacula, although it is perhaps slightly aberrant60. Certhidea olivacea Gould = Certhidea olivacea olivacea Gould FitzRoy's collection included one specimen of C. olivacea, a female collected on James Island (no. 1837.2.21.408 = FitzRoy no. 416). Fuller's collection Harry Fuller, FitzRoy's personal steward on the Beagle, collected eight specimens of Geospizinae while in the Galapagos Archipelago61. These birds
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
= Platyspiza crassirostris (Gould) Darwin collected three specimens, one male and two females, of C. crassirostris, but none of them were acquired by the British Museum in 1855. Darwin was unsure about which island of the Galapagos he collected these specimens on, but he guessed that it was probably Charles. Since C. crassirostris is common only in the transitional zone, Darwin would had to have collected this species either on Charles or James, the only two islands where he visited this zone. It is
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
Finches. Bull. Br. Orn. Club 60 : 46-50. — 1945. The Galapagos Finches (Geospizinae): A Study in Variation. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., no. 31. — 1947. Darwin's Finches: An Essay on the General Biological Theory of Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. — 1963. Mr. Lawson of Charles. Am. Scient. 51 : 12-13. — 1969. Subspecies and Sympatry in Darwin's Finches. Evolution 23 : 252-63. Lafresnaye, Frédéric de 1840. Lettres sur les oiseaux de MM. Léclancher et Neboux. Revue Zoologique 3
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
David W. Steadman; and R. L. M. Warren. I am particularly indebted to Gerlof F. Mees of the Leiden Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie for answering my many queries about the Galapagos specimens at that institution. I am grateful to the Journal of the History of Biology for permission to use materials that previously appeared in a different form in Sulloway, 1982a. Notes 1. Darwin's finches have been the subject of numerous systematic treatments, of which the most important are by Gould
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
References Anonymous 1886. A Catalogue of the Birds Contained in the Collection of Sir William Jardine, Bart. London: Messrs. Puttick and Simpson. Benson, C. W. 1972. Skins of Extinct or Near Extinct Birds in Cambridge. Bull Br. Orn. Club 92: 59-68. Bowman, Robert I. 1961. Morphological Differentiation and Adaptation in the Galapagos Finches. Univ. Calif. Publs Zool. 58 : 1-302. — 1963. Evolutionary Patterns in Darwin's Finches. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., no. 44, pp. 107-40. Broom, R. 1929
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
variation at the extremes of the distribution. Thus the levels of significance cited here for Darwin's two small specimens of G. magnirostris are conservative estimates of their anomalous nature. 40. See Gould, 1837a: 5; 1841 : 101. Eyton (1856 : 248) lists this specimen, along with the three other Galapagos finches, as part of his private collection. But Eyton's collection was so vast, amounting to four thousand specimens, that he may not have been aware that [page] 87 DARWIN'S FINCHE
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
have come from any of the three islands on which Darwin collected finches (Chatham, Charles, and James). A jet black male, figured by Gould in the Zoology, has been lost. [page] 65 DARWIN'S FINCHE
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
day it was not realized that males of Camarhynchus parvulus, unlike those of G. fuliginosa, are never fully black, and this circumstance added to the difficulty of distinguishing these two species. Geospiza nebulosa Gould = Geospiza nebulosa nebulosa Gould Gould gave the name G. nebulosa to at least two specimens, of which one, a female, was collected by FitzRoy on Charles Island (no. 1837.2.21.400 = FitzRoy no. 405). A male specimen, which provided the type description, came from Darwin's
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
to provide any island designations for the Galapagos species he named in January and February of 1837. See 'Zoological Society of London. Minutes of Scientific Meetings Oct. 1835 to Aug. 1840', pp. 120-21, 123-24, 129-30, 134; and Gould, 1837a, b, c, d. 13. In his Diary, Darwin wrote in this connection: 'To our disappointment the little pits in the Sandstone contained scarcely a Gallon [of water] that not good. It was however sufficient to draw together all the little birds in the country; Doves
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
voyage. Sixty of these (50 birds and 10 reptiles) were procured in the Galapagos Archipelago. Each Galapagos specimen was carefully dated and labelled by island. FitzRoy's catalogue also notes the sex and eye colour of each specimen, the latter being something Darwin generally did not record. At least 13, and perhaps as many as 26 of FitzRoy's 50 Galapagos birds, were collected by Harry Fuller, another Beagle shipmate. After the voyage, most of Fuller's specimens were separated from FitzRoy's
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
birds, including a specimen of finch ('Geospiza'). The following year John Gould sold 2 more of Darwin's 'Geospiza' to the museum, bringing the total to 2233. Three of these specimens appear to have been subsequently lost, so that the present total at the British Museum stands at 19 specimens (see note 84). None of these birds bear any indication of their sex on the old [page] 63 DARWIN'S FINCHE
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
Darwin's hand. (Courtesy of the British Museum [Natural History], Sub-department of Ornithology, Tring.) Being a migrant species with an unusually wide range (from Canada to Chile), the Bobolink is an occasional visitor to the Galapagos in the autumn of each year. Coincidentally, in its autumn plumage the Bobolink is not unlike a Darwin's finch, although Darwin initially thought the bird was a pipit of very unusual structure10. When Gould first examined the bird in 1837, he thought it was a new
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A86    Periodical contribution:     Sulloway, Frank J. 1982. The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology Series 43, no. 2: 49-94.   Text   Image   PDF
all—nay, all their specimens for themselves. To their honour—they gave you the preference.' See DAR 164. 52. Fuller, for example, collected the only specimen of Strix punctatissima Gould ( = Tyto alba), a scarce Galapagos species of Barn Owl (Darwin, 1963[1836] : 262). To his credit he allowed FitzRoy to keep this specimen, which was presented to the British Museum (reg. no. 1837.2.21.244). Fuller also collected the only Galapagos specimen of the American Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and
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F1925    Book:     Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1988. Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
associated with the development of his ideas about speciation. However, the relative lack of interest in the Geospizidae displayed by CD when he was actually collecting birds in the Galapagos is consistent with the conclusion of Sulloway ('Darwin and his Finches: The Evolution of a Legend', Journal of the History of Biology 15: 1 53, 1982) that it was not until the Bragle's specimens were classified by John Gould early in 1837 that the true significance of their variability between the individual
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F1925    Book:     Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1988. Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
trifasciatus, Gould) is exclusively found in Charles Island; a second (O. parvulus) on Albemarle Island; and a third (O. melanotus) common to james and Chatham Islands. The last two species are closely allied, but the first would be considered by every naturalist as quite distinct. I examined many specimens in the different islands, and in each the respective kind was alone present. These birds agree in general plumage, structure, and habits; so that the different species replace each other in
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
Ornithologically the most fruitful was Darwin's visit to the Galapagos Islands, where no proper collection-based survey of birds had ever taken place before the Beagle crew came ashore. Twenty-two new (sub-)species were among the birds which Darwin brought back to Britain. They were all described immediately by John Gould, who also, as discussed in Sulloway (1982a, 1982b), was the first to recognize the close relationship among the Galapagos finches. Gould received Darwin's specimens on 4
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
(1961, p. 14), with the argument that the term 'Galapagos finch' is less satisfactory, since one species, namely Pinaroloxias inornata, occurs not in the Galapagos, but on Cocos Island [...]. In fact, Darwin himself had only encountered some of the finch species. In this paper, both Galapagos finches and Darwin's finches are used, according to prevailing usage. Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Ernst Mayr Communicated by F. Bairlein F. D. Steinheimer ( ) Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat zu
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
the New Species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 5: 911 Gould J (1837c) Exhibition of the Fissirostral Birds from Mr. Darwin's Collection, and characters of the New Species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 5: 22-24 Gould J (1837d): Three Species of the Genus Orpheus, from the Galapagos, in the Collection of Mr. Darwin. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 5: 27 Gould J (1837e) On a New Rhea (Rhea Darwinii) from Mr. Darwin's Collection. Proceedings of the
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
existence. Williams Witkins, Baltimore, Md. Gould J (1837a) Remarks on a group of ground finches from Mr. Darwin's collection, with characters of the new species. Proc Zool Soc Lond 5:4–7 Gould J (1837b) Observations on the raptorial birds in Mr. Darwin's collection, with characters of the new species. Proc Zool Soc Lond 5:9–11 Gould J (1837c) Exhibition of the fissirostral birds from Mr. Darwin's collection, and characters of the new species. Proc Zool Soc Lond 5:22–24 Gould J (1837d): Three
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
. Williams Witkins, Baltimore, Md. Gould J (1837a) Remarks on a group of ground finches from Mr. Darwin's collection, with characters of the new species. Proc Zool Soc Lond 5:4 7 Gould J (1837b) Observations on the raptorial birds in Mr. Darwin's collection, with characters of the new species. Proc Zool Soc Lond 5:9 11 Gould J (1837c) Exhibition of the fissirostral birds from Mr. Darwin's collection, and characters of the new species. Proc Zool Soc Lond 5:22 24 Gould J (1837d): Three species of the
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
p. 344; cf. Sulloway 1982b, pp. 6 7). This is reflected in passages such as the following by Lack (1961, p. V), who wrote in the preface to Darwin's Finches: in 1835, Charles Darwin collected some dull-looking finches on the Galapagos Islands. They proved to be a new group of birds and, together with the giant tortoises and other Galapagos animals, they started a train of thought which culminated in the Origin of Species, and shook the world. Moorehead (1969, p. 202) added: it was the number
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
takes in account that this would entail Darwin having to check for the bird in all the places he visited. Darwin was intrigued by the isolation factor constituted by the Andes and, probably towards the end of the voyage, compiled a list of birds occurring on both sides of the mountain range (Keynes 1997, p. 466). Some notes, however, were extremely poor. Sulloway (1982a, 1982b) has already explored this fact with regard to the Galapagos finches. No attention was paid to which island which
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
: franksteinheimer@yahoo.co.uk Tel.: +49-30-20938512 Fax: +49-30-20938528 F. D. Steinheimer Bird Group, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Tring, UK 1 The term 'Darwin's finches' was first used by Lowe 1936 (cited in Sulloway 1982b, p. 45) and established by Lack (1961, p. 14), with the argument that the term 'Galapagos finch' is less satisfactory, since one species, namely Pinaroloxias inornata, occurs not in the Galapagos, but on Cocos Island [ ]. In fact, Darwin himself had only
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
will of course most likely no longer be evi-denced by their labels. Nevertheless it is hoped that the Appendix, which gives for the first time a comprehensive list of all the birds collected by Darwin, might help future researchers to locate missing birds from the voyage of the Beagle . Darwin's ornithological notes and the Origin of species Sulloway (1982b) has already shown that the mocking-birds from the Galapagos Islands rather than the finches were used in Darwin's On the Origin of Species
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
les annees 1791, 1792, et pendant la 1ere. et la 2de. annee de la Republique francaise, 2 vols and atlas. Jansen, Paris Lack D (1961) Darwin's Finches—an essay on the general bio-logical theory of evolution. Harper Torchbooks, New York Larson EJ (2001) Evolution's workshop—god and science on the Galapagos Islands. Allen Lane, London Lesson RP (1828) Manuel d'ornithologie, ou, Description des genres et des principales especes d'oiseaux, 2 vols. Roret, Paris Lichtenstein [M]H[C] (1823
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A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF
the places they visited. Even more detailed was the work of Captain Robert FitzRoy, who, as mentioned above, had his own small bird collection. He also entered notes on birds in his log books. Syms Cov-ington wrote a diary, including comments on natural history, and had a small private bird collection of a dozen birds or so. FitzRoy's personal steward, Harry Fuller (dates unknown), collected some birds (Porter 1985), now at CUMZ, and his Galapagos finches were appar-ently used by Darwin for his
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A27b    Book:     Freeman, R. B. 2007. Charles Darwin: A companion. 2d online edition, compiled by Sue Asscher.   Text
, CD ashore. Oct. 1 Albemarle, Tagus Cove, CD ashore. Oct. 8 James, Sulivan Bay, CD, Covington, Bynoe etc. camped ashore. Oct. 17 James, Sulivan Bay, party picked up again. Oct. 20 Beagle sailed for Tahiti. 1835 There was a penal settlement on Charles. Galapagos Islands Finches 1837 John Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. 5, No. 53, 1837. Members of the sub-family Geospizinae of the buntings, Emberizidae, with special evolution on the islands. 1837 CD, Remarks on the habits of the genera Geospiza
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A27b    Book:     Freeman, R. B. 2007. Charles Darwin: A companion. 2d online edition, compiled by Sue Asscher.   Text
5:46 (Bi 40, F1644). CD's notes on habits of Darwin's finches, following John Gould's descriptions of CD's specimens from Galapagos Islands. There are four other papers by Gould in part 5 on CD's South American birds, but without notes by CD. German CD had great difficulty in understanding the German language. See also Wien. 1880 CD to R. L. Tait, German, which to almost all Englishmen is a great trouble and sorrow —N R 81. Also CD to Hooker I have begun German . Hooker to CD I have begun it
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