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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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Throughout the whole group of Islands, every single atom, even from the most minute particle to large fragments of rocks, bear the stamp of once having been subjected to the power of organic arrangement. Capt. FitzRoy at the distance of but little more than a mile from the shore sounded with a line 7200 feet long, found no bottom. Hence we must conclude the Isd as the summit of a lofty mountain; to how great a depth or thickness the work of the Coral animal extends is quite uncertain. If the
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. Beagle, under the Command of Captain Fitzroy R.N. from 1832 to 1836 (London: Henry Colburn, 1840; usually cited as 1839). Naturalist's Voyage (1845 ed.) C. Darwin. Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Various Countries Visited During the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle Bound Round the World (London: John Murray, 1845). Orchids C. Darwin. The Various Contrivances by Which Orchids are Fertilised by Insects, 2d ed. (New York: D. Appleton, 1886). Origin C. Darwin. On the Origin of
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A342
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1991. Charles Darwin as a prospective geological author. British Journal for the History of Science 24: 159-192.
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parts becoming either a 18 C. Darwin, The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs. Being the First Part of the Geology of the Voyage of the 'Beagle', Under the Command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. During the Years 1832 1836, London, 1842 [hereafter CR]. VI, op. cit. (3); GSA, op. cit. (3). 19 DAR 32.1:18. The underlining of 'partial sinking' is a later pencil addition, as is marginal scoring that appears in the manuscript next to the second sentence quoted. In transcriptions from Darwin's notes
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Malthus, and to add a Lamarckian explanation for the degeneration of eyes in burrowing rodents. * Naturalist's Voyage (1840 ed.), pp. 50, 212; Naturalist's Voyage (1845 ed.) pp. 52, 174-175. Other works of the natural history theme include a few minor papers and the volumes which he edited on the zoology of the voyage, which include Darwin's biogeographical observations. * C. Darwin, ed., The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the Command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., During the Years
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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1 Microfilms of the little note-books were used for this study, although the original leather-covered books were inspected at Down House. 2 Benjamin Bynoe (1804 1865), initially assistant surgeon, held the post of acting surgeon on the Beagle from April 1832 onwards; he seems to have been very competent and letters from Captain FitzRoy to the Admiralty urged that he be promoted to full surgeon's rank. He attended Darwin when he was ill in South America. Nominally Bynoe also had duties as
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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1 Microfilms of the little note-books were used for this study, although the original leather-covered books were inspected at Down House. 2 Benjamin Bynoe (1804 1865), initially assistant surgeon, held the post of acting surgeon on the Beagle from April 1832 onwards; he seems to have been very competent and letters from Captain FitzRoy to the Admiralty urged that he be promoted to full surgeon's rank. He attended Darwin when he was ill in South America. Nominally Bynoe also had duties as
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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Falklands observations are in the books numbered 1.14 [1833] and 1.8 [1834]).1 Also used were the log of HMS Beagle, now in the care of the Public Record Office, Kew (at ADM 51/3054), the original hydrographic charts and reports of Captain Robert FitzRoy, Commander of the Beagle, now held by the Ministry of Defence Hydrographic Department (formerly the Royal Navy Hydrographic Office), at Taunton. The original draft of a set of Sailing Directions, prepared by Captain FitzRoy and Lieutenant
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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Falklands observations are in the books numbered 1.14 [1833] and 1.8 [1834]).1 Also used were the log of HMS Beagle, now in the care of the Public Record Office, Kew (at ADM 51/3054), the original hydrographic charts and reports of Captain Robert FitzRoy, Commander of the Beagle, now held by the Ministry of Defence Hydrographic Department (formerly the Royal Navy Hydrographic Office), at Taunton. The original draft of a set of Sailing Directions, prepared by Captain FitzRoy and Lieutenant
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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anchor came to rest on a shingle bottom, and the top gallant mast was struck. The weather seems to have deteriorated as the evening wore on, and was described in the ship's log as cloudy, overcast and gloomy. Around midnight and in the early morning there were further showers. Meanwhile Captain FitzRoy, Commander of HMS Beagle, lost no time in making enquiries about conditions ashore: for seeing a French flag flying near some tents behind Johnson Cove or Harbour, and knowing that in 1831, the
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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positive than that of his master: While laying here we found it very squally at times very cold the Island in general mountainous. Not a single tree to be seen, but low Bushes with red berrys [sic] which are very good eating here are enormous numbers of Bullocks Horses Pigs that run wild. Rabbits, wild geese Ducks c most excellent Snipe Shooting in the Marshy ground Long grass, which the Island in general is very little else. (Covington Diary: ML MSS 2009/109/632) On 4 March Captain FitzRoy
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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was murdered by villains, because he defended the property of his friend: he was mangled by them to satisfy their hellish spite: dragged by a lasso, at a horse's heels, away from the houses, and left to be eaten by dogs. It may safely be assumed that FitzRoy saw to it that Brisbane's grave was put in neat order.3 This was not the last disagreeable task that the crew of the Beagle had to tackle before leaving the islands. While the ship was preparing to put to sea, the body of Lieutenant Clive
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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for its tameness and inquisitive nature) may have enlivened the dreary, wet, return ride, but little else of interest was noted. Darwin's Diary goes on: To finish our misery, we crossed an arm of the sea which was up to the top of the horses back, little waves from violent winds broke over us. This inlet, in all probability, was that of Port FitzRoy the group seem to have taken a slightly more southerly route along the lowlands than on the outward ride (Fig 3.3). Indeed, in his account in one
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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. Sulivan, R.N., employed in the survey, it appears that we took an exaggerated view of the badness of the climate of these islands. But when I reflect on the almost universal covering of peat, and on fact of wheat seldom ripening here, I can hardly believe that the climate in summer is so fine and dry as has lately been represented. The last few days in Port Louis harbour seem to have been frustrating. The Adventure, bought by Captain FitzRoy and newly fitted out for survey work7 sailed to
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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.) Captain FitzRoy hoped, indeed virtually assumed, that their Lordships of the Admiralty would reimburse him for this, despite the fact that the purchase of the vessel was completely unauthorised. They did not, although there was a protracted correspondence. FitzRoy maintained that the reason was political; that the government was in hands of the Whigs whereas FitzRoy's family had always been Tory. The matter was a source of aggravation for the rest of his days. 8 Fossil forms: A monograph of
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
anchor came to rest on a shingle bottom, and the top gallant mast was struck. The weather seems to have deteriorated as the evening wore on, and was described in the ship's log as cloudy, overcast and gloomy. Around midnight and in the early morning there were further showers. Meanwhile Captain FitzRoy, Commander of HMS Beagle, lost no time in making enquiries about conditions ashore: for seeing a French flag flying near some tents behind Johnson Cove or Harbour, and knowing that in 1831, the
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
positive than that of his master: While laying here we found it very squally at times very cold the Island in general mountainous. Not a single tree to be seen, but low Bushes with red berrys [sic] which are very good eating here are enormous numbers of Bullocks Horses Pigs that run wild. Rabbits, wild geese Ducks c most excellent Snipe Shooting in the Marshy ground Long grass, which the Island in general is very little else. (Covington Diary: ML MSS 2009/109/632) On 4 March Captain FitzRoy
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
was murdered by villains, because he defended the property of his friend: he was mangled by them to satisfy their hellish spite: dragged by a lasso, at a horse's heels, away from the houses, and left to be eaten by dogs. It may safely be assumed that FitzRoy saw to it that Brisbane's grave was put in neat order.3 This was not the last disagreeable task that the crew of the Beagle had to tackle before leaving the islands. While the ship was preparing to put to sea, the body of Lieutenant Clive
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
for its tameness and inquisitive nature) may have enlivened the dreary, wet, return ride, but little else of interest was noted. Darwin's Diary goes on: To finish our misery, we crossed an arm of the sea which was up to the top of the horses back, little waves from violent winds broke over us. This inlet, in all probability, was that of Port FitzRoy the group seem to have taken a slightly more southerly route along the lowlands than on the outward ride (Fig 3.3). Indeed, in his account in one
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
. Sulivan, R.N., employed in the survey, it appears that we took an exaggerated view of the badness of the climate of these islands. But when I reflect on the almost universal covering of peat, and on fact of wheat seldom ripening here, I can hardly believe that the climate in summer is so fine and dry as has lately been represented. The last few days in Port Louis harbour seem to have been frustrating. The Adventure, bought by Captain FitzRoy and newly fitted out for survey work7 sailed to
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
.) Captain FitzRoy hoped, indeed virtually assumed, that their Lordships of the Admiralty would reimburse him for this, despite the fact that the purchase of the vessel was completely unauthorised. They did not, although there was a protracted correspondence. FitzRoy maintained that the reason was political; that the government was in hands of the Whigs whereas FitzRoy's family had always been Tory. The matter was a source of aggravation for the rest of his days. 8 Fossil forms: A monograph of
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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PLATE XXIV Figure 1.1. Plate from the Zoology of the Beagle, Part IV, showing Aplochiton zebra, a fish caught in the Falklands (the lower fish was caught at Tierra del Fuego). of the Falkland trout, the well-known endemic freshwater fish the islands (caught in a freshwater lake ), see Fig 1.1. Also in the Natural History Museum are two skins of the Falklands fox6 donated by FitzRoy, and several skulls of this species. Numerous rock specimens were collected (now in the Department of Earth
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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private property, as well as with the wild cattle and horses. The gauchos wished to leave the place, and return to the Plata, but as they were the only useful labourers on the islands, in fact the only people on whom any dependence could be placed for a regular supply of fresh beef, I interested myself as much as possible to induce them to remain, and with partial success, for seven staid out of twelve. (Narrative, page 276) It is no surprise therefore that duties kept FitzRoy close to the ship
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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FitzRoy recalled his feelings: When idling at the settlement they [the gauchos] gamble, quarrel and fight with long knives, giving each other severe wounds. With their loose ponchos, slouched hats, long hair, dark complexions, and Indian eyes, they are characters fitter for the pencil of an artist than for the quiet hearth of an industrious settler. Besides these gauchos, we saw five Indians, who had been taken by the Buenos Ayrean troops, or their allies, and allowed to leave prison on
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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found shelter beneath one of these huge fragments. (DAR 204) The we suggests that Covington accompanied him. The weather was not good during the period 11 14 March. Darwin wrote: I went on shore, intending to start on a riding excursion round the island, but the weather was so bad I deferred it. Dealing with the prisoners, supervising the surveying, and liasing with the Adventure, gave FitzRoy little more time to explore than he had had in 1833, but he did have time to visit the settlement
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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Figure 3.3. Approximate overland route of Darwin and his companions, March 1834. hereabouts the name in any case implies a Spanish or Argentinian (Darwin and FitzRoy used the term Buenos Ayrean ) rather than a British or French origin, and thus an establishment before about 1832. This being the case one can suppose that some form of crude track existed. There are several possible routes that Darwin and his companions might have taken across the main range , the principal east west mountain
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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Figure 3.6. Shore of Johnson Harbour, Berkeley Sound. Darwin spent many hours collecting shells and other marine invertebrates along this coast. Photograph: Patrick Armstrong. 2.2). Eventually Darwin was able to record April 7th. Finally weighed our anchor on our passage to the coast of Patagonia . Actually, at 9.30, on 7 April, the log records that the ship weighed and made sail to top gallant sails, and hove to for the French whaler . Captain FitzRoy was waiting, wanting to be sure that the
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
PLATE XXIV Figure 1.1. Plate from the Zoology of the Beagle, Part IV, showing Aplochiton zebra, a fish caught in the Falklands (the lower fish was caught at Tierra del Fuego). of the Falkland trout, the well-known endemic freshwater fish the islands (caught in a freshwater lake ), see Fig 1.1. Also in the Natural History Museum are two skins of the Falklands fox6 donated by FitzRoy, and several skulls of this species. Numerous rock specimens were collected (now in the Department of Earth
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
private property, as well as with the wild cattle and horses. The gauchos wished to leave the place, and return to the Plata, but as they were the only useful labourers on the islands, in fact the only people on whom any dependence could be placed for a regular supply of fresh beef, I interested myself as much as possible to induce them to remain, and with partial success, for seven staid out of twelve. (Narrative, page 276) It is no surprise therefore that duties kept FitzRoy close to the ship
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
FitzRoy recalled his feelings: When idling at the settlement they [the gauchos] gamble, quarrel and fight with long knives, giving each other severe wounds. With their loose ponchos, slouched hats, long hair, dark complexions, and Indian eyes, they are characters fitter for the pencil of an artist than for the quiet hearth of an industrious settler. Besides these gauchos, we saw five Indians, who had been taken by the Buenos Ayrean troops, or their allies, and allowed to leave prison on
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
found shelter beneath one of these huge fragments. (DAR 204) The we suggests that Covington accompanied him. The weather was not good during the period 11 14 March. Darwin wrote: I went on shore, intending to start on a riding excursion round the island, but the weather was so bad I deferred it. Dealing with the prisoners, supervising the surveying, and liasing with the Adventure, gave FitzRoy little more time to explore than he had had in 1833, but he did have time to visit the settlement
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
Figure 3.3. Approximate overland route of Darwin and his companions, March 1834. hereabouts the name in any case implies a Spanish or Argentinian (Darwin and FitzRoy used the term Buenos Ayrean ) rather than a British or French origin, and thus an establishment before about 1832. This being the case one can suppose that some form of crude track existed. There are several possible routes that Darwin and his companions might have taken across the main range , the principal east west mountain
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
Figure 3.6. Shore of Johnson Harbour, Berkeley Sound. Darwin spent many hours collecting shells and other marine invertebrates along this coast. Photograph: Patrick Armstrong. 2.2). Eventually Darwin was able to record April 7th. Finally weighed our anchor on our passage to the coast of Patagonia . Actually, at 9.30, on 7 April, the log records that the ship weighed and made sail to top gallant sails, and hove to for the French whaler . Captain FitzRoy was waiting, wanting to be sure that the
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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experiences of archipelagaic environments, but such material has to be interpreted with caution. Thus as many as possible of the documentary sources, published and archive, were used in this study: it was sometimes found that these complemented one another, for a detail omitted by Darwin might be found in the writings of FitzRoy, Covington or Bynoe. And difference sources, of course, record quite different types of detail; manuscript hydrographic charts, the ship's log, letters, diaries
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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14 Darwin noted in one of his little note books (1.8) on 17 March 1834, while he was travelling across East Falkland with the gauchos: Horses very expensive 100 ps each. Out of 29 10 arrived safe 4 now alive Chapter 6 1 However, FitzRoy speculated in his Narrative: [W]hy might not foxes have drifted from Eastern Tierra del Fuego direct. I have heard somewhere, though I cannot recollect the authority, that a man in North America hauled a large old tree to the bank of a river in which it was
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A591
Pamphlet:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Charles Darwin's last island: Terceira, Azores, 1836. Geowest no. 27.
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5 ML MSS 2009/108, item, 5. 6. Darwin, C, The geology of the voyage of the Beagle, volume 2, Geological observations on volcanic islands, London, Smith Elder and Co. 1844. 7 FitzRoy, R. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle, 1826-1836 ., London Henry Colburn, 1839. 8 Carmichael, I S E; Turner, F J; Verhoogen, J, Igneus petrology, New York, McGraw-Hill, pp 389-392, 1974. Davies, G R; Norry, M J; Gerlach, D C; Cliff, R A, A combined chemical and Pb-Sr-Nd
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
Text
experiences of archipelagaic environments, but such material has to be interpreted with caution. Thus as many as possible of the documentary sources, published and archive, were used in this study: it was sometimes found that these complemented one another, for a detail omitted by Darwin might be found in the writings of FitzRoy, Covington or Bynoe. And difference sources, of course, record quite different types of detail; manuscript hydrographic charts, the ship's log, letters, diaries
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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14 Darwin noted in one of his little note books (1.8) on 17 March 1834, while he was travelling across East Falkland with the gauchos: Horses very expensive 100 ps each. Out of 29 10 arrived safe 4 now alive Chapter 6 1 However, FitzRoy speculated in his Narrative: [W]hy might not foxes have drifted from Eastern Tierra del Fuego direct. I have heard somewhere, though I cannot recollect the authority, that a man in North America hauled a large old tree to the bank of a river in which it was
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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gloomy, with some rain about, the anchor was weighed and the Beagle moved across the sound. Later in the morning, the log reports, the weather improved, the cutter and the yawl were put out, and the crew were employed variously about ship's duties . These duties, for the next day or two, included getting as much as possible of the Magellan's stores aboard (Covington's Diary indicates and that FitzRoy also bought most of the wreck of the Magellan as firewood), undertaking repair work on one of the
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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On his return FitzRoy was shocked to find that Mr Hellyer, his - clerk, and gentlemanly and sensible young man , had been drowned. FitzRoy's account is as follows: He had walked about a mile along the shore of the creek near the ship, with one of the Frenchmen, who left his (having recollected that he would be wanted for a particular purpose). Mr Hellyer, anxious to shoot some ducks of a kind he had not before seen, walked on with his gun, saying he would return in half an hour. About an hour
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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it looked like a clear; but at dinner the Captain said the glass says we have not had the worst. About an hour later it reached us in all its fury. The French Brig let go four anchors; the English schooner drove; little more would have added another wreck. At 10.15pm the Beagle's yawl was swamped at her moorings, but by midnight she had been brought alongside. Just before 2.00am the yawl was towed to shore and emptied. Some gear and sails were lost. FitzRoy expressed the opinion that some
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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little time on their hands. The log once again gives us a glimpse of life aboard the Beagle. On Sunday 17 March, the ship's company mustered by divisions and divine service was performed; on 26 March at 6.00am beef and coals from the French wreck were taken on board, and at 4.00pm on the same day the sealer Unicorn arrived, under a Mr William Lowe, sealing master and part-owner . William Low (FitzRoy uses the spelling Low , describing him as the son of a respectable Scottish land agent ; Darwin
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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resembled the old Buccaneers. The Unicorn impressed Captain FitzRoy and he purchased her to assist in the hydrographic survey, renaming the vessel the Adventure. Darwin approved: She is a fine vessel of 170 tuns [sic], drawing 10 feet of water and an excellent sea boat. If the Admiralty sanctions the provisioning payment of men, this day will be an important one in the history of the Beagle. Perhaps it may shorten our cruize [sic]; anyhow it will double the work done; when at sea, it is always
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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ship on FitzRoy's previous voyage): Friday 29 March. Employed about the schooner [Unicorn del] and French wreck . Much of the material from the Magellan was used in adapting the little schooner as a hydrographic auxilliary. As well as supervising this transformation, and arranging the transfer of the marooned French sailors to Buenos Aires (Covington states there were about thirty of them), FitzRoy, as [page] 3
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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appeared on the scene, Lieutenant Smith and his squad of marines managed to capture Antonio Rivero, the ringleader, confining him to an islet. On the arrival of the Beagle, FitzRoy had him put in irons (the log records: Tuesday 18 March Received on board Antonis Rivers, Prisoner). Two others, Jose Maria Luna, who turned King's evidence and an Englishman named Channon, who was apparently less implicated in the murders, were also received on board, but under less austere conditions. William Low
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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Smith, at the settlement, and perhaps also to make it easier to pick up prisoners, early on Wednesday 12 March FitzRoy took his ship out of Johnson Harbour, anchoring close to Port Louis itself in 4 , fathoms, with small bowyer . 260lb of beef were taken aboard. On the afternoon of 13 March two vessels came into the lonely Sound within half an hour of each other; one was a London sealing cutter, the Susanna Ann, which left again the following day, the other was the Adventure. The Adventure had
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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the ridges north of the Sound, and noting the somewhat confused mass of stone-runs towards the south. And there are indeed three ranges of hills between Berkeley Sound and the sea, southwards at Port FitzRoy, assuming that Mt Kent is considered part of the main range. The weather and visibility must have been a good deal better than it had been a fortnight before when he trekked overland to Choiseul Sound. Returning towards the ship, Darwin noted Thrushes in flocks . Flocks of Falklands thrushes
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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him by fundamentalist FitzRoy), preached the doctrine of uniformitarianism, of the evolution of the earth through the processes of gradual change, processes that can be observed to be going on around us today. And in Darwin's accounts of the Falklands, as well as the catastrophist ideas discussed above, one can detect images of streams gradually wearing away uplands, peat imperceptibly spreading over the land, the sea crumbling away the coast, and deposition, little by little, infilling water
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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appreciated the tangled web of relationships between the living and non-living components of the environment: The motion of the sea seems necessary to the life of its productions: this island is much intersected by water (Capt FitzRoy has compared it it the arms of a Cuttlefish). These far inland seas are nearly motionless, they seem to produce hardly any organic beings. Creusia occasionally encrust the rocks, even where streams enter. The grebe (1917) proves that some few small fish are
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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relating to the Falklands ,1 and his collection of plants from the archipelago, that fuelled his interesting correspondence with Hooker about southern hemisphere plant distributions. Darwin's predictions concerning the human occupance of the Falklands As regards the human settlement of the Falklands, Darwin was extremely far-seeing, although his views may have been partly based on discussions he had with Captain FitzRoy and the other officers aboard the Beagle. A couple of passages in letters to
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Pamphlet:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Charles Darwin's last island: Terceira, Azores, 1836. Geowest no. 27.
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which Darwin worked. Captain Robert FitzRoy did not often enter the noon position of His Majesty's Surveying Sloop Beagle in the log himself; the entry was usually carefully inked in by his clerk or by one of the other seamen. But the brilliant, but rather difficult commander checked the entries carefully, and regularly countersigned the completed pages with something of a flourish. It can be assumed that he carefully checked the noon readings for 18 September 1836. The Beagle was approaching
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