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[excised, located in CUL-DAR208.40] Generation September 11 Mr Yarrell says it is well known that in breeding very pure South Down that the ewe must never be put to any other breed else all the lambs will deteriorate. — Lord Moreton's1 case — When cows have twins, though capable of producing both pair of male female. — if there be one female, she will be free Martin.2 Owen See Hunter's Owen — In the Athenaeum Numbers 406, 407, 409, Quetelet papers are given, 8c I think facts there mentioned
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with notes by Richard Owen. vol. 4 of The works of John Hunter, F.R.S. with notes. ed. by James F. Palmer. 4 vols. London. 1835-7. Malthus, Thomas Robert. 1826. An essay on the principle of population. 6th ed. 2 vols. London. [Darwin Library-CUL] Owen, Richard. 1839. Entozoa. In vol. 2, pp. 111-144, of Todd, Robert Bentley, The cyclopedia of anatomy and physiology. 5 vols. London. 1836-59. Parent-Duchâlet, Alexandre Jean Baptiste. 1836. De la prostitution dans la ville de Paris considéré sous
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the Highland Society of Scotland] Agricola, Georg Andreas. 1721. A philosophical treatise of husbandry and gardening; being a new method of cultivating and increasing all sorts of trees, shrubs, and flowers. Revised by Richard Bradley. London. American Journal of Science and Arts. ed. by B. Silliman. New Haven, Conn. 1818-45. Second series, 1846-. [vols. 38 45 in Darwin Library-CUL. Abstract in CUL-DAR74.116-36 and 205.9.2.87-100.] [Chambers, Robert]. 1844. Vestiges of the natural history of
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Maximilien Newuied is publishing Travels into interior of N. America — in Geograph Journ Soc [Wied-Neuwied 1839-41] Siebold's Japan — do [von Siebold 1833-50] Kalm's Travels in N. America — much Nat. Hist [Kalm 1770-1] Sir. W. Jardines. Naturalist Library. Vol 26 — Account of Domestic Foreign Bees: [Jardine ed. 1840] (Athenaeum 1840 p. 195) Boitons Harmonia Ruralis — Yarrell probably has it. account of habits of birds. [Bolton 1794-6] Temminck Manuel D'ornithologie. 2d Edit: Introduction on
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Library-CUL] Todd, Robert Bentley, ed. 1836-59. The cyclopedia of anatomy and physiology. 5 vols. in 6. London. [Darwin Library-CUL] Wied-Neuwied, Maximilian Alexander Philipp zu. 1820-1. Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815-17. 2 vols., and atlas. Frankfort. [? ed.] Yarrell, William. 1843. A history of British birds. 3 vols. London. [Darwin Library-CUL. Abstract in CUL-DAR71.166-79.] *14
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riproduzione végétale. Pisa. [Abstract in CUL-DAR71.95-111.] Holland, Henry. 1839. Medical notes and reflections. London. [Darwin Library; 3d ed. (1855) also in Darwin Library-CUL] Hunt, John. 1806. Anatomical reflections on the formation of animals, and the new opinions of Henry Cline. London. Le Couteur, John. 1836. On the varieties, properties and classification of wheat. Jersey and London. [Darwin Library; 2d ed. (1872) also in Darwin Library-CUL] Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society
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at last got dusky, then took white Chinese Bantam crossed got some yellow others yellower white varieties by picking the yellow ones crossing with dark bantam produced old variety. The pidgeons which have such different skulls, but same marks on wings are Blue Pouter small Bald Heads Mr Yarrell will mention in his work.1 I am sorry to find Mr Yarrell's evidence about old varieties is reduced to scarcely anything, almost all imagination He says he recollects all half Bred cattle of Ld Darnleys
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chestnut for many generations back, was crossed with Bay mare, only by a few generations, that offspring would be chestnut. On this principle I may add, that fact of half cross with parents, going back to either parent is lucidly explained. Mr Yarrell states that if any odd pidgeon crossed with common pidgeon, offspring most like latter, because oldest variety. He says of two varieties of
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great monstrosities being produced, handed down with ease, is analogous to what occurs in plants. All these facts clearly point out two kinds of varieties. One approaching to nature of monster, hereditary, other adaptation. ⸮ Mr Yarrell says, that after breeding in pidgeons with very much care that, it requires the greatest difficulty to rear them, eggs hatched under other birds brought up by hand. These facts all account for 5-12 [excised] 13
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(p. 5) describes many kinds of birds uniting together in pursuit of Blue. Jay, when one birds hears dis cry of distress of other parents. Shows community of language. Desert country is as effectual as a cold one in checking beautiful colours of species. Mem. St. Jago; solitary Halcyon bird of passage. M. coronata of Latham, wrong. Mr Yarrell says that some birds or animals are placed in white rooms to give tinge to offspring. Darkness effect on human offspring. 6
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the Beagle, vol. 2, 1841. 2 William Yarrell, probably personal communication. 72
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FLS. 1831 CD to Susan Darwin, Y had helped with buying equipment for Beagle voyage. But one friend is quite invaluable...he goes to the shops with me and bullies about prices . CCD1:147. 1836 History of British fishes, 1843 History of British birds. CD discussed evolution with before Origin. Tegetmeier claimed that Y introduced him to CD. Paul van Helvert John van Wyhe, Darwin: A Companion, 2021.
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point on hackles on Bantams by crossing with common Polish cock is not that old variety then recrossing offspring till size diminished, but feathers continued by picking chicken of each brood. These bantam feathers 1 William Yarrell. 2 cf. Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, vol. 1, London 1868, p. 68. 3 Rice Wynne (1777-1846), Apothecary and surgeon. Friend of CD's father. 1822 Mayor of Shrewsbury. Bred horses and Malay fowl. Before 1839 CD addressed some questions on animal
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organs of same tendency in species. this is capital novel argument. (there is paper by Yarrell1 in Zoolog. Transactions Hunter2 on this subject). Are there any abortive organs in neuter bee, because if X so as she can be converted into female, it will be splendid argument. Old female turning into cocks, abortive spurs growing. 1 William Yarrell 1827. On the change in the plumage of some hen-pheasants. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 117: 268-75. 2 John Hunter, Observations on certain parts of the Animal
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[excised, located in CUL-DAR208.36] I observe Bachman calls these Hybrids new species. Yarrell says the bird fanciers say the throw of any two species crossed is uncertain. Yarrell remarks he has somewhere met conjecture that all salt-water fish were once salt water (as they almost must have been on elevation of continents) but Ogilby well answers that nearly all F.W. Fish are Abdominals ' that order first converted. — is it an old order geologically? 3
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heredity in in. — Mr Yarrell does not know of any case of old male becoming like female, though many 1 William Yarrell. Personal communication. 15
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[excised, located in CUL-DAR208.39] Mr Yarrell says in very close species of birds, habits when well watched always very different. — the two redpoles can hardly be told apart, so that after differences were pointed out Selby confounded them, yet can readily be told by incubation other peculiarities. — 7 (Mem. Goulds Willow Wren.) — (Goulds story of Water-Wagtails mistaken both species scattered over Europe) — The habits of some same North American European birds slightly different — Barn Owl
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[excised, located in CUL-DAR208.35] much more after Esquimaux. — this agrees perfectly with Yarrell1 no leading question was put. — Fox thinks half Lion Tigers are exactly intermediate in character kittens alike each other. — Even in children of parents some one sometimes resembles one parent one another are not exactly intermediate. — 1 William Yarrell ; this and the following pages read like notes taken at a discussion meeting of the Zoological Society.
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Marsupials of Australia have branched out into orders one is strongly tempted to believe one or two were landed 1 William Yarrell. Personal communication. 73
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[excised, located in CUL-DAR84.2.34] hen, all nearly similar. — in blackbird group young like some of the species — (?do these facts indicate that the change is effected through the male??) — Yarrell observed that female of some water birds, (as Phalarope) assume for breeding a more brilliant plumage than male .— My case of Caracara. N. Zelandiae. — Mr Blyth stated that there are two ducks, which have pretty close repesentative species in England N. America.— the teal which some authors 97e
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[excised, located in CUL-DAR208.39d] It seems from Lib. of Useful. Knowledge that sheep originally, black. Yarrell thinks the occasional production of black lambs is owing to old story return. — The Revd R. Jones told me precisely same story about some Southern breed see p. 43 supra of cattle with white heads; which years afterwards occasionally went back — (Effect of imagination on mother, white peeled rods mentioned in old Testament placed before sheep — it has been thought that silver
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After animal has copulated, though no offspring, milk sometimes comes in mammae, even when bitch is in heat. — Yarrell believes Gestation is always some multiple of seven — if woman does not menstruate in the month, she will in 5 weeks. — A Bull is never taken from his own field to bull a cow. — A dog if led in string will not. — Some of the tigers — cat, though caterwhalling put into female when muzzled, he is disabled. — so elephant in confinement, so imagination in man, has strange effect
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when horns not perfect — (is not this so in S. America with C. campestris, refer to my notes) Mr Yarrell supposes this a consequence of that female breeding all the year round. Ask Colonel Sykes.3 1 Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, op. cit. 1: 304: … the gins have it in their power on such occasions to evince that universal characteristic of the fair, a partiality for the brave. 2 William Yarrell. Personal communication. 3 Col. William Henry Sykes, author of the Catalogue of Mammalia of Dukhan , Proc
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This keeper has seen when sickly tigers have first come over, insects somewhat like between lice fleas, sticking on them, — but never in an animal, that had long been in confinement — is this effect of climate, or state in which they are kept ? — Is there any mistake about Yarrell's law,1 is it local (not artificial variation) which impresses offspring most not time thinking of the Penguin duck Herbert's law of ideosyncracy.2 1 William Yarrell. cf. Darwin's Second Notebook on Transmutation of
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Even our domesticated cattle have tendency to breed at particular times. Mr Yarrell has old book 1765 ? Treatise on Domestic Pidgeon,1 in which it appears that all the varieties now known were then existing. — he has also some very fine recent drawing of prize pidgeons in 1834. — now this would be most curious to show that in sixty years (how many generations) the strangest peculiarities have been kept perfect — also to trace the laws of change in this time. — The impossibility of discovering
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Owl-Pidgeons from infertility, — Yarrell says in such case they exchange birds with some other fancier, thus getting fresh blood, without fresh feather, consequent trouble in obliterating the fresh feather, by crossing — 104
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from long permanence, so that all their peculiarities must be transmitted if their 1 William Yarrell. Personal communication. 2 Sir John Sebright. Probably personal communication. 109e-110e [excised, not located] 11
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Charles Darwin 36 Great Marlborough St 1838. Did1 Eyton's2 intermediate hybrids when interbred show any tendency to return to either parent? Is the first cross which makes hybrids productive like geese? — Are the number of kittens between Lion Tiger at litter as numerous as in common lion? Are the number of nipples in domesticated very fertile animals increased? Where offspring heterogeneous in plants are the number of seeds greater? — Mem. for Eyton. — Sir R. Heron's3 case of breed of pigs
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[excised, located in CUL-DAR208.40] Generation September 11 Mr Yarrell says it is well known that in breeding very pure South Down that the ewe must never be put to any other breed else all the lambs will deteriorate. — Lord Moreton's1 case — When cows have twins, though capable of producing both pair of male female. — if there be one female, she will be free Martin.2 Owen See Hunter's Owen — In the Athenaeum Numbers 406, 407, 409, Quetelet papers are given, 8c I think facts there mentioned
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96 hen, all nearly similar. - in blackbird group young like some of the species - (? do these facts indicate that the change is effected through the male??) - Yarrell observed that female of some water birds, (as Phalarope) assume for breeding a more brilliant plumage than male. — My case of Caracara. N. Zelandiæ. Mr Blyth stated that there are two ducks, which have pretty close representative species in England N. America. - the teal which some author
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p. 97. for Man Chapt see Yarrell Syngnathus [37
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CUL-DAR208.62
Note:
[1839--1841]
Torn Apart Notebook:17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26 (excised pages)
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p. 97. for Man Chapt see Yarrell Syngnathu
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CUL-DAR227.8.31
Printed:
1839
Macdonald's Multum in parvo inerleaved pocket-book almanack for the year of our Lord 1839. London: R. Macdonald.
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Eduard has been with me, a fortnight M. 11. P. Hen Swales Manchester Square) Eduard goes —went on Thursday — [7 November] (P[illeg] l[illeg]) — [8 November] Mr G. returns — [18 November] (Call at L. Jen at Yarrells) [19 November] do at Cambridge — [23 November] Eduard may have been a servant. Leonard Jenyns. William Yarrell. The latter entry seems to record a previously unknown visit to Cambridge by Darwin. [page 13
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Gowen, Royle, Horsfield Sykes p. 12 Maer p. 13 Questions c. July. 1842. — Shrewsbury p. 14 Henslow (2d time) p. 14 — Father. And. Smith Dr Holland p. 16 Babington — Gould 10. (a) J. Gray 17 Yarrell 18 Blyth 19 — Mr Tollett Zool Soc Gardens 20 Breeders Dr Boott Horticulturists p. 21 - 23 Eyton p. 22 Schomburgk — 1 Jordan Smith. p. 1 Sowerby Cuming — p.1 Owen p. 17 III Hooker p. 17 Mrs Whitby. Newlands Lymington Hants. Habits of different caterpillar races. — Name of Italian who sold eggs.— (
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Experiment in crossing animals. — c (1) To cross some artificial male with old female of old breed see result.— According to Mr Walker the form of male ought to preponderate; according to Mr Yarrell the latter ought either in first breed or permanently.— (2) Cross two half-bred animals, which are exactly alike see result.— (3) Cross the Esquimaux dog with the hairless Brazilian or Persian animals of different hereditary constitution, to see whether offspring infertile.— (4) Does the number of
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Wm Yarrell (1) About non-breeding of animals in confinement, curious.— foxes — English animals. (Made no import. remark) (2) Secondary male characters.— does male transmit to male more of his features — in negro white (3) About the Bantams at Zoolog Soc.— did Sir. J. Sebright select to destroy secondary character believe no or did result appear without his wish [in margin:] Has since recrossed this breed.— Have secondary male characters appeared.— (4) Does he know any seed-raisers (5) List of
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F8.11
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1839. Birds Part 3 no. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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. This species (as well as the following) is so closely allied to our meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis, that Latham considered it only as a variety; the latter has a high northern range, as the former has a southern one. There can be little doubt that the bird alluded to by Mr. Yarrell (British Birds, p. 392, vol. i.) as having been caught in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, nine hundred miles from Georgia, was this species, which was mistaken, owing to its close similarity, for the true Anthus pratensis
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [26] do p. 387 three species of wrens only distinguishable by lining of nest.— Westminster Review on Yarrell. 184
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CUL-DAR205.3.107
Abstract:
[Undated]
'Transactions of the Linnean Society of London' 17: 7
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [107] Linn Trans. V 17 p. 7. Yarrell description of fresh-water local fishes in England. Lancashire - genus Leuciscus. Geolog Yarrell, William. 1837. Descriptions of three British species of fresh-water fishes belonging to the genus Leuciscus of Klein. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17: 5-10
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [23] Yarrell says general colouring of egg goes by genera — He will be Bound to say every accentor somewhat blueish egg — Nothur
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CUL-DAR205.3.252
Note:
[Undated]
Yarrell told me 90 birds common to N[orth] America & Europe
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [252] Yarrell told me 90 birds common to N. America Europe yet most of these have a slight general undefinable appearance, by which they can be distinguished. only 5/100 of Land F.W Shells - No Reptiles in common other authoritie
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CUL-DAR205.11.72
Note:
[Undated]
In the Cuculus americanus are eggs small if so wd show fact incidental
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [72] In the Cuculus Americanum are eggs small, if so wd show fact incidental as our Cuckoo Does Molothrus pecoris eject young? Ch 10 [Natural selection, pp. 506-7: But ever since classical days, the instinct which leads the/80/Cuckoo to lay its eggs in other birds' nests, has excited much surprise. Some species of the group, always build their own nests hatch their own eggs. This is generally the case with the Cuculus Americanus, but sometimes this
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CUL-DAR205.2.130
Note:
[Undated]
Mr Yarrell told me he had seen a trout so full of salmon spawn that when
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [130] Mr Yarrell told me he had seen a trout so full of salmon spawn that when mouth opened he cd see gorged full.— 18 Has been several times told Fish appear in the Tanks in a wonderful manner in India after having been dried up, Yarrell thought the one might be dried in mud. But Sir Proby Cautley tells me once was walking over the damp mud at bottom of dried tank found two fish of considerable size quite alive. A bird feeding on or diving amongst
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CUL-DAR205.7.99
Note:
[Undated]
Yarrell has just discovered that there are two swans in domest[ication]
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [99] (Q) Yarrell says has just discovered that there are two swans in domest. excessively like, Polish Common, they have bred together at Lord Derby's but hybrids wd not. breed. [Quoted in Natural selection, p. 433
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CUL-DAR205.5.30
Note:
1840.06.00
Considering the endless generations of organisms during almost infinite
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Kingfisher habits may be seen commencing in the Bien to Veo P In Sea Birds we can shew no gradation in habit on feeding on what other birds throw up But in Sea Eagle. (quote the noble passage of American Eloquence) we can show Carrancha Java swallows Elizabeth thinks the common martin wets clay with saliva. see Yarrel
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F1975
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. et al. 1841. Queries respecting the human race, to be addressed to travellers and others. Drawn up by a Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, appointed in 1839. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, at the Glasgow meeting, August 1840. 10: 447-458.
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Association voted the sum of 1 The committee consisted of Darwin, James Cowles Prichard (1786-1848), physician and ethnologist, Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866), physician, James Yates (1789-1871), Unitarian clergyman and naturalist, John Edward Gray (1800-1875), botanist and zoologist, Richard Taylor (1781-1858), naturalist and publisher, Nicholas Wiseman (1802-1865), Roman Catholic clergyman, and William Yarrell (1784-1856), London stationer and naturalist. See Browne 1995, p. 421. Offprints were
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F9.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1841. Birds Part 3 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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. This species (as well as the following) is so closely allied to our meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis, that Latham considered it only as a variety; the latter has a high northern range, as the former has a southern one. There can be little doubt that the bird alluded to by Mr. Yarrell (British Birds, p. 392, vol. i.) as having been caught in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, nine hundred miles from Georgia, was this species, which was mistaken, owing to its close similarity, for the true Anthus pratensis
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F8.15
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1841. Birds Part 3 no. 5 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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indebted to the kindness of Mr. Yarrell for lending me an egg of the Molothrus pecoris, forming part of a collection of North American eggs in his possession. [page] 109 BIRDS
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F9.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1841. Birds Part 3 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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indebted to the kindness of Mr. Yarrell for lending me an egg of the Molothrus pecoris, forming part of a collection of North American eggs in his possession. [page] 109 BIRDS
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [201] Yarrell Dec. 1841 Saw windpipe larynx of wild duck common Duck of muscovy of hybrid between two latter — it seemed intermediate, but more like that of male of mother tame duck, than to that its father than the muscovy. — Females have not the enlarged larynx or body cavity — so that the hybrid has this male character. — (N Q
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