A793.3    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 3.   Text

iv. In many cases, the structure of particular parts and organs of the body differs in the sexes. As the facts connected with this part of our present subject are extremely numerous and various, it will be convenient to subdivide it, and consider the sexual characters that distinguish the Head, Trunk, and Abdomen of insects, and their several appendages. 1. The Head. This part in some females is considerably larger than it is in the male. This is the case with the ants, and several other

A793.3    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 3.   Text

closing over it. The tongue of some Hymenoptera also is retractile within the mouth. When ants are disposed to drink, says M. P. Huber, there comes out from between their lower jaws, which are much shorter than the upper, a minute, conical, fleshy, yellowish process, which performs the office of a tongue, being pushed out and drawn in alternately: it appears to proceed from the lower-lip. This lip has the power of moving itself forwards in conjunction with the lower jaws: and when the insect wishes to

A793.3    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 3.   Text

head, forming its sides and posterior angles, and including the hinder part of the eyes, the vertex, and the occiput. They seldom exhibit any tangible character, except in certain ants (Atta Latr.), in which their angle terminates in one or two strong spines, giving the animal a most ferocious aspect; and in that remarkable genus Corydalis they are armed below with a tooth or point, which was not overlooked by De Geera. viii. Oculib. I must now call your attention to organs of more importance

A793.3    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 3.   Text

larity; and others, when they elevate one depress the other, and so proceed as if balancing themselves by means of these organs like a rope-dancer. I have before stated to you how by motion of their antenn ants and bees communicate their wants or discoveries to each other, or make inquiry concerning any thing they wish to knowa. But as I shall have occasion to make some further remarks upon this subject, when the senses of insects are under discussion, I shall for the present take my leave of

A793.3    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 3.   Text

distinct motion, will not readily separate from each other, and in some cases exhibit no pectoral suture between them. Sometimes, however, these two last segments are more prominently distinguished: in Lytta, Mylabris, and other vesicatory beetles, they are separated below by an incisure, or rather the first or mid-leg segment, is not nearly so elevated as that of the hind-legs. In some ants (Atta Latr.), in the neuters, there is no distinction of segments in the trunk; but in others (Formica

A793.3    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 3.   Text

the cubit of many Lepidoptera, a Most of Latreille's genera of ants are confirmed by differences in their spurs. Thus Formica is 1:1:1; Ponera 1:2:2 with the internal intermediate one pectinated: Myrmica 1:2:2 with all symmetrical, c. [page] 68

A793.3    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 3.   Text

hind in a piece resembling in some measure the scutellum of the Stratyomid and similarly armed with a pair of spinesa: in E. aculeata the sides of the abdomen, under the plate, have a number of longitudinal folds like those of Phrynus. In Cryptocerus, a genus of ants peculiar to South America, the first segment, not reckoning the pedicle, forms almost the whole back of the abdomen, and the three last are so minute as scarcely to be distinguishable. Nothing very remarkable is exhibited by the

A793.4    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 4.   Text

will make him abstain from the most tempting dainties: and in like manner a bee will quit the nectary of a flower, however amply replenished with sweets, if alarmed by any interruption. The ants on which Buonaparte amused himself with experiments at St. Helena, though they stormed his sugar-bason when defended by a fosse of water, controlled their instinct and desisted when it was surrounded with vinegara: and in the remarkable instance communicated to Dr. Leach by Sir Joseph Banks, the

A793.4    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 4.   Text

which an acid of this description, secreted in its sialisteria, is employed by a moth to soften cocoonb; and Lister mentions a species of Iulus which produced one resembling that of antsc; but this last is the most powerful of all. The fact that blue flowers when thrown into an ant-hill become tinged with red has been long known; but Mr. Fisher of Sheffield, about l670, seems to have been the first who ascertained that this effect is caused by an acid with which ants abound, and which may be

A793.4    Beagle Library:     Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 4.   Text

to those of ants, in which the worker and the female differ still more materially. My reason for introducing this subject here, is to observe to you that I have some grounds for thinking that this system extends further than is usually supposed, and that to each species in some Coleopterous and other genera there are certain individuals intermediate between the male and female; this I seem to have observed more especially in Copris and Onthophagus. For in almost every British species in my