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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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smaller. These eggs then acquire a sensible growth, and the longest are the only ones which this naturalist has seen disclosed. Whether the workers communicate to them a necessary degree of humidity, or whether they have any other secret for preserving them, it is certain that the most advanced eggs dry up and perish, if they are removed from the care of these ants. The larv issue from their shells in fifteen days after the laying, and their body is then perfectly transparent: many workers
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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which this last change takes place; for the wood-ants, the ash-coloured, and the mining, are developed in spring, while the others appear much later. The larv of the ants proper, and of the polyergi, or formicari , without sting, all spin a cocoon of silk, of a close tissue, very smooth, cylindrical, elongated, and of a pale yellow, when they are on the eve of being changed into nymphs. Having enclosed themselves in this, they are stripped of their skin, and the black spot, in the form of a
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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placed by the nursing ants in the lodges most remote from the centre of the domicile, or are heaped up together in some other lodges; sometimes they are transported to the exterior surface of the habitation, or even to a considerable distance from it. The nests of the ash-coloured ants present naked nymphs, or nymphs shut up in their cocoons. M. Huber has often seen the neuters open the cocoons, a little time after the larv had been metamorphosed into nymphs. The mining ants do the same. But
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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full of water, so as to prevent the ants from getting away. This water proved to them a source of great enjoyment; for like the bees, butterflies, and other insects, they are fond of quenching their thirst during hot weather. He disturbed some ants one day, that, assembled at the foot of their habitation (which was constructed of wood, in the manner of a hive, and surmounted with a bell), were eagerly licking the little drops which filtrated through the wood, and which they appeared even to
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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one or two other species, beside the original founders. These last individuals have been taken away by force from their own societies, in their early age, by the workers of these mixed hordes, and when arrived to the perfect state, become the auxiliaries of the others, or are even exclusively charged with the labours of the ant-hill, and the education both of the family of their ravishers, and of the young of their own species, which have undergone the same fate. All the neuter warrior ants
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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the same side. The danger now approaches; the sanguine ants finding themselves in sufficient number, rush into the midst of their opponents, attack them in all points, and get even as far as the dome of their city. The ash-coloured, after a sharp resistance, renounce all idea of defence, take up the nymphs which they had assembled outside of the ant-hill, and carry them off to a distance. They are pursued by the sanguine ants, who endeavour to rob VOL. XV. 2 I [page] 48
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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themselves an opening in the lateral part of the ant-hill. This enterprize succeeded, and the rest of the army penetrated through the breach into the besieged citadel. They made no long stop there; three or four minutes afterwards, the rufescent ants re-issued through the same passages, each holding in his mouth a larva or a nymph, belonging to the invaded ant-hill. They resumed precisely the route by which they had come, and proceeded, without order, one after the other. Their troop was
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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troop sometimes halts, and the warrior ants then extend themselves in all directions, in search of booty. If their search is not fortunate, they continue their march, and M. Huber has seen them remove from their domicile to the distance of fifty paces. M. Latreille, from his own personal observations, informs us, that in cases of urgency, they will go double that distance. The ash-coloured and mining ants being the only ones they press into their service, the amazons will not stop if they meet
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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the ash-coloured ants immediately took possession of these viands. He also presented them with honey and fruits, but equally to no purpose. When they are hungry, they approach their auxiliary ants, and the latter disgorge into their mouth the juices which they have derived from their intercourse with the aphides. This observer never saw them take nourishment in any other manner. He has often put his hands across the army in its march, and the amazons passed quietly between his fingers, without
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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equally applicable to the mining species. The destiny of the auxiliary ants is to construct the habitation, to keep it in order, to augment it, if necessary, by excavating new galleries, to guard and defend its entrance, to bestow all kinds of attention on the young family of the ant-hill, to procure provisions for it, to nourish, educate, and protect it, thus laying the favourable foundation for a new generation; finally to provide for the wants and security of their ravishers, and the
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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colour contrasts with that of their conductors, extends along the road which communicates from the new city to the old. The males and females are brought in succession, and deposited before the gate, where other ash-coloured ants take them up with their mandibles, and conduct them into the interior of the nest. The transportation of the larv and nymphs finally terminates this operation. There are to be seen constantly around the ant-hill, ash-coloured ants, some of which go to a distance to
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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. They sometimes sally forth individually; but then the ash-coloured ants always bring them back, at least at this period, into the interior of the ant-hill. If the amazons, as M. Huber informs us, could pillage before the above-mentioned time, they would be able to take a great number of the young ash-coloured ants: but in that case they might get hold of the males and females, which would be contrary to the intention of Nature. Accordingly, in the opinion of this naturalist, to [page] 51
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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ants, their tender solicitude for the amazons and their nurselings, the neglect and inertia of the latter, respecting all domestic duties and their own wants, their military excursions, and the departure of the winged individuals. Once, however, he observed one of these amazons occupied in removing the last pellicle from an ash-coloured nymph, which was ready to make use of its limbs, and conducting this operation with the same delicacy with which the other ants perform it. He remarked that the
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A761.17
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 17.
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ants; but it is quite superfluous to attribute the fact of their quitting their anthills in great numbers to the pursuit of this animal. Captain Stedman informs us, that the common people at Surinam call the amphisb na the king of the ants, and imagine that, when it is blind, the large ants go for the purpose of feeding it. [page] 32
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A761.07
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 7: Aves (2).
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on the top of the head, and the female is without that colour. This species goes less to the southward, and is more rare in France, than the preceding, with which it corresponds in habits. Ants are its favourite food. Greater Spotted Woodpecker. (Picus Major.) Enl. 196 the male, 595 female. Naum. 134. Of the size of a thrush; varied above with black and white; the back and the rump black; underneath white; about the vent red, with a red spot also on the occiput of the male. The young has
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A761.14
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 14: Insecta (1).
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closet infested with ants, these insects found their way into it, and were feasting very heartily when he discovered them. He then shook them out, and suspended the pot by a string from the ceiling. By chance one ant remained, which, after eating its fill, with some difficulty found its way up the string, and thence reaching the ceiling, escaped by the wall to its nest. In less than half an hour, a great company of ants sallied out of their hole, climbed the ceiling, crept along the string
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A761.14
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 14: Insecta (1).
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; while those of the wasps are always horizontal, and present but a single range of cells. The society of wasps is temporary; that of bees, whose regime is monarchical, is durable, and only ceases from accidental circumstances. Our domestic bee can live in every climate: it can brave the wintry breath of Siberia, and the heats of the torrid zone. The societies of which we have been speaking hitherto are all composed of individuals of the same species; but two sorts of ants, commonly called the
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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requisition all the resources of his mind, to invent an apparatus which should finally answer his expectations. He compared the conduct of the yellow ants, which he retained as prisoners, with that of these same ants, when they enjoyed their entire liberty in the fields, and was never able to observe, in this respect, any sensible difference. In one place the nymphs are heaped in spacious lodges: in another, the neuters surround a heap of larv . A little further, the eggs are accumulated together
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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conjectures, that the working ants proportion the quality of the regimen of the larv , to their differences of age and sex. They keep them in a state of the most extreme cleanliness, constantly cleaning their bodies with their tongue and mandibles. Near the epoch of their transformation, they pull off their skin, which is softened and relaxed. The larv of certain ants pass the winter heaped together at the bottom of their chambers. The body of those which VOL. XV. 2 G [page] 45
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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same chambers the males which are dispersed, keep them in, when they are desirous of issuing forth before the weather be favourable, and when it is so, conduct them out of the ant-hill. M. Huber has never observed the working ants to lay, and the approaches of the male have always proved the forfeit of life to those whom he has surprised in the fact. He asks, what can be the object of Nature in condemning those neuter individuals, as well as those of the wasps and bees, to eternal sterility
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