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A761.07
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 7: Aves (2).
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feed it, for three weeks or a month. This is a period in which they wage incessant war with the insect tribe, seizing and devouring them with the most extraordinary quickness, without appearing even to give themselves time to swallow them. They collect the little worms on the ground, gorge themselves with the eggs of ants, and often make turns in the air, to catch the flies and gnats. The wagtails are not distrustful, and are less fearful of man than of the birds of prey. They are not even much
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A761.07
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 7: Aves (2).
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in the month of May, and departs in the same manner in September. It crooks itself to the trunk of a tree, but does not climb, though its feet seem conformed for that motion, like those of the woodpeckers. It even seldom perches, except for the purpose of going to sleep; it has a curious method in perching of holding its body back. It is most frequently, seen on the ground, where it collects its food; it darts its long tongue into an ant-hill, and draws it out loaded with ants, which are
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A761.07
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 7: Aves (2).
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during the time of incubation, when obliged to quit them to seek for food. These females, which are a little smaller than the males, and have a more opake and sombre plumage, have several broods in the year; and many eggs each time. The food of these birds is both animal and vegetable. Small serpents, however, lizards, and other reptiles, cater-pillars, large ants, and insects in general, seem to be the aliments which they prefer. They also perch on oxen, to pick out the vermin which lodge in
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A761.08
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).
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without any effect. The pea-hen does not begin to lay until the third year. When the young are sick, they are cured as other poultry, especially by giving them insects, meal-worms, flies, the larv of ants, spiders, and grasshoppers, from which the feet must be removed. The peacock, properly speaking, has no crop; still the food receives its first maceration in the dilatation of the oesophagus. At a short distance from the stomach, a glandulous knot, or gangli, has been observed, filled with
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A761.08
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).
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In the fields they eat grasshoppers, beetles, worms, and ants, and cut up and destroy the tender buds and flowers. They eat more than cocks and hens, probably in consequence of the less length of their intestines. Ten females may be given to a single male pintado. The female lays usually at the end of May, or in the early days of June, and the eggs are generally from sixteen to four-and-twenty in number. The shell is very hard, of a yellowish white, spotted with small brown points. The female
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A761.08
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).
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places, where they find abundance of snails, of which they are very fond; the fruit of the wild mulberry is also a favourite food with them, and they eat it in great abundance. Their aliment consists besides, in all kinds of grain, small peas, lentils, juniper berries, elder berries, gooseberries, the seed of genista, medlars, beech-mast, pimpernel, worms, ants, and other insects. Pheasants usually perch for the purpose of passing the night, and when the young of the first year are pursued, they
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A761.08
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).
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lowish-white, with red spots; before laying, the female collects around her nest a quantity of small wood, feathers, and leaves, to cover her eggs, when she is obliged to leave them. The incubation lasts three weeks, and the young are born covered with a reddish-yellow down. They follow the mother immediately, who conducts them to ants' nests, and into places covered with myrtle bushes, the berries of which they eat; the young do not fly so soon as those of the last species; they are two
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A761.08
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).
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descends into the plains. These birds live in troops until the pairing time, which occurs in June. The female makes no nest, but deposits her eggs, fifteen or eighteen in number, under a bush or tuft of heath. They are reddish-yellow, with slight red spots, and are hatched in about three weeks. This species live on insects, the larv of ants, and during winter on the buds of different evergreens, c. The flesh is white and much esteemed, though it has a slightly resinous taste, and is rather bitter. The
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A761.08
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).
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carunculated pigeon nestles on the ground, in a small hollow, covered with grass, c., and the female lays six or eight eggs, of a reddish-white; the mutual incubation of both parents is a characteristic trait of columba. The little ones, covered with a reddish-grey down, run immediately on quitting the shell; they do not leave the father and mother, who lead them continually about, and shelter them from cold or sunshine with their wings. The nymph of ants, dead insects, and worms, constitute their
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A761.09
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 9: Reptilia.
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the warm days of spring and summer, it quits its retreat, and goes to bask in the sunshine and give chase to the gnats, ants, and other small insects. These lizards usually live in pairs. Almost all naturalists have regarded this lizard as a variety of the lacerta agilis of Linn us, and M. Latreille has made of it a variety of the green lizard of Lac p de. It sufficiently appears that it is it which has been described by Seba under the names of talectie and tamacelin of New Spain. M. Ruiz de Xdva
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A761.09
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 9: Reptilia.
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plates under the belly. It is from five to six inches in length. This species, called the grey lizard of the walls, is the most common saurian reptile in France, and in all the temperate climates of Europe. It inhabits sandy places and the walls of gardens, on which it climbs with a surprising degree of agility. It is also found in part of Asia and Africa. It lives on flies, ants, and other insects. The vivacity of its motions, the grace of its rapid gait, its agreeable and slender form, cause it
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A761.13
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 13: Annelida, Crustacea, and Arachnida.
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seen in the fields, towards the end of summer, a great quantity of these webs. This species, however, is less common towards the north of Europe. Lister observes, that it establishes itself preferably in the neighbourhood of the habitations of the great ants. It also appears that this spider lays its threads in succession, to embarrass these insects while they are running; that it stings them when they stop, and returns to seek them some seconds after, when the poison has produced its effect. It
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A761.14
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 14: Insecta (1).
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considered, in some sort, as natural thermometers. Some require but a moderate degree of heat for their development, others one much more considerable. Some insects may even answer the purpose of barometers. Thus, we may expect storm or rain when we behold the bees returning to their hives with unusual haste; when the ants conceal their larv , or their nymps; or the butterflies do not soar to their usual elevation. Such pheno VOL. XIV. D [page] 3
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A761.14
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 14: Insecta (1).
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dwellings of bees, ants, c. in this place. Even the exquisite construction of some birds'-nests, and the buildings of the beavers, are not to be compared with them. A very remarkable character in the instinct of insects, is its accommodation to circumstances. In the larger animals, the modifications of instinct are but slight. When a birds'-nest is removed, though it may remain close by the tree, it never thinks of replacing it, but sets about constructing another. But insects often exhibit the most
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A761.14
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 14: Insecta (1).
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Being destitute of wings, the neuter ants live on the ground, or establish themselves in the clefts of walls and trees, at but a small elevation above the soil. Those which construct habitations employ a considerable time in bringing together the materials which are to compose it. All their works are of a rustic and very simple construction. The wasps, humble-bees, and bees, to which the organs of flight afford a facility of removing rapidly and to great distances from their dwellings, and to
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A761.14
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 14: Insecta (1).
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interdict us from the exposition of the sub-genera which he has established. We shall only remark, that that which he has named goniodes, the fourth of the genus philopterus, is solely peculiar to the gallinacea. In the collection of memoirs which terminates our history of the ants, we have described in detail a species of ricinus philopt re. M. Leon Dufour has formed, of the pediculus melitt of Mr. Kirby, already well observed by Degeer, who took it for the larv of the mel e proscarabeus, as well as
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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insect, to which they are but slightly attached. They may be easily removed by friction. Every where, where the aphides are found, they are sure to be found accompanied by ants. These are attracted by their taste for the saccharine fluid which flows continually from the two horns which the aphides have at the abdomen. So great a quantity of it issues forth, that the vesicles of the elm, and the tuberosities of the leaves of the gooseberry and currant-bushes, contain drops of it of the size of a
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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afterwards; for on a more accurate examination, I found it proceed from the extremity of the abdomen, as is usual in other insects. On placing a piece of writing-paper under a mass of these insects, it soon became thickly spotted: holding it a longer time, the spots united from the addition of others, and the whole surface assumed a glossy appearance. I tasted this substance and found it as sweet as sugar. I had the less hesitation in doing this, as I had observed that wasps, flies, ants, and
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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and isolated, fluttering from one place to another, endeavouring to avoid their enemies, especially one sort of ants, which pursue them even to the trees where they have taken refuge. Those which escape the murderous teeth of these insects, become the prey of birds, of carnivorous reptiles, which make war upon them at that moment; so, that out of many millions that were hovering in the air, there scarcely remain more than a few couples to fulfil the first law of nature, and lay the foundations
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A761.15
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).
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majority have no wings, but they run extremely fast. The males are very ardent after their females; but from the time of their metamorphosis, they are completely degenerated. One of the most active, the most industrious, the most eager for prey, and the most ferocious little animals in the world, becomes at once one of the most indolent and cowardly of created beings. It suffers itself to be dragged along by the ants to their nests, without making the smallest resistance, [page] 33
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