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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
, W. 'Great Migration of Dragon-flies observed in Germany.' Mag. Nat. Hist., N.S. 3 (1839), 516-18. x, 109. Wesmael, -. 'Sur une nouvelle esp ce de fourmi du Mexique.' Acad. sci. Belg., Bull., 5 (1838), 766-71. vIII, 65. Westwood, John Obadiah. Addresses to the Entomological Society, 1851-53. London, 1851-3. vII, 54. 'Description of the Driver Ants, described in the preceding Article.' Ent. Soc. Lond. Trans., 5 (1847), 16-18. vm, 72. 'Description of a Hybrid Smerinthus, with Remarks on Hybridism
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
; queen's death prompts neuters to produce new queen, 519; Modified within limited bounds, 470 -caterpillar spinning cocoon in box, 473 Intermediate forms and instincts: Regular transition from one organ to another, 361; Examples -Ichneumons can sting with ovipositor, 362; bees in nurse class secrete small amounts of wax, 373 n 1; neuter classes of British ants, 373 n 3; Intermediate varieties described as species in Andrena and Nomada, 314, 315, and Bombus, 372 Learned and rational behaviour, Ants
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
-bee), cohabitation within same nests of varieties, 372, and with allied species, 509 n 2 Bombycilla (wax-wing), variable wax-like appendages, 310 Bombyx mori (silkworm moth), egg production, 176 n 2 Bonaparte, Prince Charles Lucien Mouflon, known as roe in Sardinia, 426 n 1 Varieties of birds, 115 n 2 Bonnet, C. Alternating brood types of the Angoumois moth, 517 n 4 Ants cease to move eggs if proper temperature prevails, 501 Boreau, Alexandre Common, vigorous, and wide-ranging plants vary most
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
instincts among insects: Ant lions in Diptera and Neuroptera, 520 n 1; Cannibalism, 526; Feigning death, 498 n Ants: Do not move eggs when proper temperature prevails (Bonnet), 501 n 3; Domesticate aphids, 512; Males couple with neuters (Huber), 365; Pupae of Formica not always in cocoons, 517 n 6; Slave-making, 511 n 1 [page] 669 INDE
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
(flycatcher), pair lived for nine years, 184 n 2 Mustela (weasel), diversity of habit, 343 Mutillidae (non-social Hymenoptera): Loss of wings correlated with change in thorax, 370; Resemblance of females to neuter ants, 368 Myosotis: Azorean species changes colour when brought to England, 126, 283 n 2; On the Cape Mountains, 552; Visited by insect, 55 Myrsine, present at Cape of Good Hope, Azores, and Abyssinia, 566 Mysis: Acoustic nerve and auditory organ unlike those of other crustaceans, 353
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
icebergs, 562 Ramusio, Giovanni Battista Increase of cattle in S. America, 177 n 3 Rana pipa (midwife toad), tadpoles develop on back of male, 361 Raphanus raphanistrum, changes under cultivation, 126 Rasores (fowl), hybrids, 433-6 Raspail, Francois Vincent Variable flower of Nastus borbonicus, 110 Rathke, Development of Astacus, 276 Ray, caudal muscle modified as in electric fishes, 363 Reamur, Ants cease to move eggs if proper temperature prevails, 501 Functional ability fully developed in
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
Samolus, ovary adheres to calyx, 325 Sarmiento, Increase of horses in S. America, 177 Sarracenia (pitcher plant): Pitchers analogous to Nepenthes, 375; not a convenience for the thirsty, 383 Savage, Thomas S. Three types of workers in driver ants, 369 Savi, P. Double nesting of Sylvia cisticola, 505 Saxicola sialis, pair lives for ten years, 184 n 2 Saxifraga, classification of protean genus, 113 Scaeva (insect), covered with pollen, 55 Scarabaeidae (dung-beetles): Usual absence of anterior tarsi in
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
: Formica and Myrmica, 512; Several species, 509 n 2, and varieties, 372, of Bombus Gradations among neuter Hymenoptera: Approach morphology of the fertile in Formica flava, 373 n 4, in Vespa germanica, 365 n 4; In parts of body in Atta, Cryptocercus, Myrmecocystus, 375 n 5, 574; In size and habit in Formica flava and F. sanguinea, 371-2 Neuter and fertile ants differ: Abdomen in Cryptocercus, 368 n 5, 574; Habits in Eciton, 364 Ponera lacks ocelli and compound eyes, 368 Parasitic Scolia with
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
: Carboniferous, 370 n 1; Compared to ants, 375; Neuters, 364 Tetrao (grouse): Conversion, 436 n 2; Distribution, 123; Inclination to cross, 428, 433; Variable beak, 123 Thelymitra, on mountains of Java, 559 Thibaudia, on the Silla of Caraccas and mountains of New Granada, 551 Thompson, Edward Migratory instincts, 492 n 2 Rat and mouse not caught by same trap, 496 n 3 Thompson, William Herons lose fear of passing trains, 497 Hybrids, Corvus, 122; Phasianus, 438 Ireland insulated from Britain before Britain
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
, 343-4 Umbelliferae: Dichogamy, 47; Different seeds from same plant, 301, 358 Uppucerthia, variable beak length, 111 Uria (guillemot), allied species, 124 Urticaceae, varieties in large and small genera, 153 table Utilitarianism: Husband nourishing female spider, 526; Huxley and Wallace consider nature produces variety for its own sake, 379; No organ formed to give pain, 380; or to give advantage to other species, 382; Slave-making ants depend on instincts for survival in the enslaved, 513
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
on-the egg, but on the young: thus Smeathman3 thinks that not a pair in many millions of the Termes or white ant lays the foundation of a new community, common ants being the chief destroyers. In other cases, of which instances have been given, the very young do not seem especially to suffer: thus White of Selbourne long since remarked in his sixteenth Letter [to Barrington] that in our migratory birds those returning yearly, from what we imagine to be a more favourable climate bear no sort of
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
the upper hand. In order to increase the amount of nectar, the nectaries with them the petals might become modified, as well as the position of stamens pistils in relation to the particular insect which visited the flower; some insects like ants being of not the slightest service to the plant; others as Bees being very useful in fascilitating intercrosses. We might have taken for our example, insects devouring pollen instead of nectar, as pollen is formed for a definite object its destruction
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
Cychrus in my eyes), but not so volatile as to turn into gas, therefore not accompanied by a crepitation. The sting of a Bee or wasp is an admirable weapon, but homologous4 (or rather identical as in the Hive Bee the eggs pass through it) with the ovipositor of other Hymenoptera; the ovipositor in the Ichneumonidae is known to be occasionally used as an organ of defence, causing a painful irritation , for driving prey out of concealed places./50 v/Wasps Bees Ants 1 Schlegel on Serpents p. 45. 2
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
species of Eciton likewise in Atta the soldier neuters have heads twice as big as those of the working neuters; In a Mexican genus1 there are ordinary working-neuters others never quitting the nest, with the abdomen swollen into a great, almost diaphanous sphere nearly five times as large in diameter as that of the common workers: these inactive neuters serve as mere distillers of a sac-charine fluid, which is stored up in a sort of comb. Lastly in the Driver ants of W. Africa (Anomma arcens
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
as remote as possible from each other: but the organs differ not only in position, in the plates being horizontal in one vertical in the other, but in the far more important circumstance of their nerves proceeding from widely different sources.1 I have also alluded to another very remarkable case, namely both ants, belonging to the Hymenoptera termites belonging to the Neuro-ptera having communities, served by sterile females; the fertile females, I may add in both cases, losing their wings
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
transcending the powers of reason.3 / 10/1 do not doubt that we often underrate the intellect of the lower animals especially those insignificant in size; therefore it is well to remember, what the most capable judge von Baer, has said, namely that the Bee is in fact more highly organized than a fish, although upon another type .4 Look at the power of com-municating intelligence amongst ants;/ll/when from two adjoining nests of the same species, countless hosts join in deadly strife, 1 Introduction to
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
complex instinct can have been arrived at only by innumerable, slight, intermediate modifications. The instincts, which we will now discuss, may be arranged under the following heads. (1) Migration (2) Fear of danger and Feigning death (3) Parasitism (4) Nidification habitation (5) ants making slaves (6) the comb of the Hive-Bee./ 50/ Migration. The migration of young birds across broad tracts of the sea, the migration of young salmon from fresh into saltwater, the return of both to their birth
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
of a hotbed to hatch her eggs :2 / 66/ Reamur, as well as Bonnet, observed3 that ants ceased their laborious task of daily moving their eggs to from the surface, according to the heat of the sun, when they had built their nest between the two cases of a Bee-hive, where a proper /67/equable temperature prevailed. Now let us suppose that the conditions of life favoured the extension of a bird of this Family whose eggs were hatched by the solar rays alone, into a colder, damper more wooded country
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
Huber found that even the two slave-making species if brought up together from the pupa-state in an artificial formicary lived together in perfect amity. It is a marvellous part of the instinct of the slave-making ants, that they take only those larvae pupae which will turn into workers, which alone would be useful to them; but what is far more wonderful, the slaves of F. rufescens instinctively prevent their masters going on their marauding expeditions, until the time arrives when there are
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F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
(1850), 113-31. vol, VIII, 91. 'On the Fertility of certain Hybrids.' Phytologist, 4 (1852), 737-42. IV, 15. Savage, Thomas S. 'On the Habits of the Drivers or Visiting Ants of West Africa.' Ent. Soc. Land. Trans., 5 (1847), 1-15. VIII, 65. [page] 622 BIBLIOGRAPH
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