Search Results - The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

fowls, which have baskets hung for them to lay in under the eaves, and who sleep on the ridge, and several half-starved wolfish-looking dogs. Instead of rats and mice there are curious little marsupial animals about the same size, which run about at night and nibble anything eatable that may be left uncovered. Four or five different kinds of ants attack everything not isolated by water, and one kind even swims across that; great spiders lurk in baskets and boxes, or hide in the folds of my

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

of the boxes I had left in charge of Herr Warzbergen, a colony of small ants had settled and deposited millions of eggs. It was luckily a fine hot day, and by carrying the box some distance from the house, and placing every article in the sunshine for an hour or two, I got rid of them without damage, as they were fortunately a harmless species. Dobbo now presented an animated appearance. Five or six new houses had been added to the street; the praus were all brought round to the western side of

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

visited have I encountered more privations and annoyances. Continual rain, continual sickness, little wholesome food, with a plague of ants and flies, surpassing anything I had before met with, required all a naturalist's ardour to encounter; and when they were uncompensated by great success in collecting, became all the more insupportable. This long-thought-of and much-desired voyage to New Guinea had [page] 32

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

assistance of eight of the Sultan's men, got all my stores and furniture carried up and pretty comfortably arranged. A rough bamboo bedstead was soon constructed, and a table made of boards which I had brought with me, fixed under the window. Two bamboo chairs, an easy cane chair, and hanging shelves suspended with insulating oil cups, so as to be safe from ants, completed my furnishing arrangements. In the afternoon succeeding my arrival, the Secretary [page] 3

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

storm and rain at sea, and we arrived at Awaiya late in the evening, with all our baggage drenched, and ourselves thoroughly uncomfortable. All the time I had been in Ceram I had suffered much from the irritating bites of an invisible acarus, which is worse than mosquitoes, ants, and every other pest, because it is impossible to guard against them. This last journey in the forest left me covered from head to foot with inflamed lumps, which, after my return to Amboyna, produced a serious

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

in the earthen floor, and had my comfortable rattan-chair for a seat. A line across one corner carried my daily-washed cotton clothing, and on a bamboo shelf was arranged my small stock of crockery and hardware. Boxes were ranged against the thatch walls, and hanging shelves, to preserve my collections from ants while drying, were suspended both without and within the house. On my table lay books, penknives, scissors, pliers, and pins, with [page] 13

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

realized none of my expectations. Instead of being far better than the Aru Islands, it was in almost everything much worse. Instead of producing several of the rarer Paradise birds, I had not even seen one of them, and had not obtained any one superlatively fine bird or insect. I cannot deny, however, that Dorey was very rich in ants. One small black kind was excessively abundant. Almost every shrub and tree was more or less infested with it, and its large papery nests were everywhere to be

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

. More than a hundred years later Mr. William Funnel, who accompanied Dampier, and wrote an account of the voyage, saw specimens at Amboyna, and was told that they came to Banda to eat nutmegs, which intoxicated them and made them fall down senseless, when they were killed by ants. Down to 1760, when Linnæus named the largest species, Paradisea apoda (the footless Paradise Bird), no perfect specimen had been seen in Europe, and absolutely nothing was known about them. And even now, a hundred years

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

very numerous. Their note is, Wawk-wawk-wawk W k, w k-w k, and is so loud and shrill as to be heard a great distance, and to form the most prominent and characteristic animal sound in the Aru Islands. The mode of nidification is unknown; but the natives told me that the nest was formed of leaves placed on an ant's nest, or on some projecting limb of a very lofty tree, and they believe that it contains only one young bird. The egg is quite unknown, and the natives declared they had never seen it

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

; cause of the tremendous surf at, 253, 254. Anchors of the Malays, ii. 376, 377. Andaman Islands, in the Bay of Bengal, ii. 453. Animal life, luxuriance and beauty of, in the Moluccas, ii. 155. Animals, distribution of, the key to facts in the past history of the earth, i. 225 233, 316 330; geographical distribution of, ii. 292, 293. Anonaceous trees in Borneo, i. 129. Anthribidæ, species of, ii. 32. Ants, noxious, ii. 258; at Dorey, tormented by, 328. Ape, the Siamang, i. 208. Arabs in

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

. Insects at the Simunjon coal works, i. 56, 57; in Timor, 296 298; ants, 342; successful collection of, 364 366, 376, 377, 409; in Celebes, 436; comparison of, with other districts, 438 447; in Amboyna, 464; collecting of, ii. 30, 31; astonishment of the natives on observing, 31; scarcity of, 56, 57; great variety of, 68; of the Moluccas, 153, 155; beauty and numbers of, ib.; bargaining for, with tobacco, 187; irritation caused by, 250; the pests of the tropical forests, 251; curious ones at Dorey

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F877.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

; changed fleece of sheep in, i. 98. Antirrhinum majus, peloric, i. 365; ii. 59, 70, 166; double-flowered, ii. 167; bud-variation in, i. 381. ANTS, individual recognition of, ii. 251. APES, anthropomorphous, ii. 123. APHIDES, attacking pear-trees, ii. 231; development of, ii. 361-362. APOPLEXY, hereditary, occurring at a certain age, ii. 78. APPLE, i. 348-350; fruit of, in Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317; rendered fastigate by heat in India, i. 361; bud-variation in the, i. 376; with dimidiate fruit, i

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F878.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

majus, peloric, i. 365; ii. 59, 70, 166; double-flowered, ii. 167; bud-variation in, i. 381. ANTS, individual recognition of, ii. 251. APES, anthropomorphous, ii. 123. APHIDES, attacking pear-trees, ii. 231; development of, ii. 361-362. APOPLEXY, hereditary, occurring at a certain age, ii. 78. APPLE, i. 348-350; fruit of, in Swiss lakedwellings, i. 317; rendered fastigate by heat in India, i. 361; bud-variation in the, i. 376; with dimidiate fruit, i. 392-393; with two kinds of fruit on the same

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CUL-DAR47.24 Note: 1868.06.06 Add to when I speak of honey secreting bracts of Leguminosae Text Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [24] June 6/68/ Add to when I speak of honey secreting by bracts of Leguminosæ, — glands on under sides of leaf, near base near midrib of common laurel, which secretes minute drop of sweet fluid. visited by Hive Bee Ants

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F3380 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1908. [Letter to Richard Spruce, 1869]. In R. Spruce, Notes of a botanist on the Amazon and Andes. Edited by Alfred Russel Wallace. 2 vols. London, vol. 2, pp. 384-6. Text PDF

belong, from some secretion. Thirdly, I admit, from the generality of the sacs in certain species, and from your not having observed ants in certain cases (though may not the ants have paid previous visits?), that the sacs are probably inherited. But I cannot feel satisfied on this head. Have any of these plants produced their sacs in European hot-houses? Or have you observed the commencement of the sacs in young and unfolded leaves which could not possibly have been visited by the ants? If you

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F387 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1869. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 5th ed. Tenth thousand. Text Image PDF

At the same time I laid on the same place a small parcel of the pup of another species, F. flava, with, a few of these little yellow ants still clinging to the fragments of their nest. This species is sometimes, though rarely, made into slaves, as has been described by Mr. Smith. Although so small a species, it is very courageous, and I have seen it ferociously attack other ants. In one instance I found to my surprise an independent community of F. flava under a stone beneath a nest of the

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F387 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1869. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 5th ed. Tenth thousand. Text Image PDF

to my imagination it is far more satisfactory to look at such instincts as the young cuckoo ejecting its foster-brothers, ants making slaves, the larv of ichneumonid feeding within the live bodies of caterpillars, not as specially endowed or created instincts, but as small consequences of one general law, leading to the advancement of all organic beings, namely, multiply, vary, let the strongest live and the weakest die. [page] 29

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F3380 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1908. [Letter to Richard Spruce, 1869]. In R. Spruce, Notes of a botanist on the Amazon and Andes. Edited by Alfred Russel Wallace. 2 vols. London, vol. 2, pp. 384-6. Text PDF

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 384 CHAPTER XXIV ANTS AS MODIFIERS OF PLANT-STRUCTURE (THE paper which forms the greater part of this chapter was written during the first few years after Spruce's return to England, and at a time when he had probably not seen, and had certainly not carefully read, the Origin of Species, the teachings of which at a later period he fully appreciated. At this period he accepted—as did almost all naturalists, including Darwin himself—what is

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F387 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1869. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 5th ed. Tenth thousand. Text Image PDF

yielding, as was first observed by Huber, their sweet excretion to ants: that they do so voluntarily, the following facts show. I removed all the ants from a group of about a dozen aphides on a dock-plant, and prevented their attendance during several hours. After this interval, I felt sure that the aphides would want to excrete I watched them for some time through a lens, but not one excreted; I then tickled and stroked them with a hair in the same manner, as well as I could, as the ants do

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A1013.1 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 1. Text

more than usual difficulties. One small room had to serve for eating sleeping and working, for storehouse and dissecting-room; in it were no shelves, cupboards, chairs or tables; ants swarmed in every part of it, and dogs, cats and fowls entered it at pleasure. Besides this it was the parlour and reception-room of my host, and I was obliged to consult his convenience and that of the numerous guests who visited us. My principal piece of furniture was a box, which served me as a dining-table, a