Search Results - The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online

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CUL-DAR.LIB.653 Printed: 1870 Contributions to the theory of natural selection. London: Macmillan & Co. London Text

to conditions, 33; definition of, 141, 161; the range and constancy of, 143; extreme variation in, 163, 164. SPEED of animals, limits of, 292. Sphecia craboniforme, 90. Sphecomorpha chalybea, 96. SPHEGIDæ, mimicked by flies, 97. SPIDERS, which mimic ants, 98; and flower buds, 99. Spilosoma menthastri, 88. STAINTON, Mr., on moths rejected by turkeys, 78, 88. STALACHTIS, a genus of Erycinidæ, the object of mimicry, 84. STINGING insects generally conspicuously coloured, 72. STREPTOCITTA, 196

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CUL-DAR.LIB.653 Printed: 1870 Contributions to the theory of natural selection. London: Macmillan & Co. London Text

; difficulty as to the origin of the moral sense in, 352; development of, probably directed by a superior intelligence, 359. MANTIDæ, adaptive colouring of, 64; mimicking white ants, 98. MALACODERMS, a protected group, 93. MALURIDEæ, 255. MATTER, the nature of, 363; Mr. Bayma on, 363; is force, 365. MECHANITIS and Methona, mimicked by Leptalis, 83. MECOCERUS, dimorphism of, 155. Mecocerus gazella, 94. MEGACEPHALON, 196. MEGAPODIDæ, sexual colouring and nidification of, 246. MEROPOGON, 196. Midas

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CUL-DAR54.169r Draft: [Undated] [of Draft of Descent,] ch 2 p. 37 [top half only] Text Image

partly on the structure of the hand and partly on the disposition of the mind; and hand-writing is certainly inherited.39 Why the organs now used for speech should have been originally perfected for this purpose, rather than any other organs, it is not difficult to see. Ants have considerable powers of intercommunication by means of their antennæ, as shewn by Huber, who devotes a whole chapter to their language. We might have used our fingers as efficient instruments, for a person with practice can

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

mind that insects belonging to this Order have the power of recognising each other after long intervals of time, and are deeply attached. For instance, Pierre Huber, whose accuracy no one doubts, separated some ants, and when after an interval of four months they met others which had formerly belonged to the same community, they mutually recognised and caressed each other with their antenn . Had they been strangers they would have fought together. Again, when two communities engage in a battle

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CUL-DAR133.15.1 Printed: 1871 An address read at the anniversary meeting of the Entomological Society of London on the 23rd January, 1871. London: E. Newman. Offprint. (from: Transactions of the Entomological Society: xliv-lxix.) [inscribed] Text Image PDF

and of some works on European Coleoptera, has furnished me with the following list of genera which are wholly apterous, and which abound in South Europe and North Africa. Carabus, possesses about 80 species in these regions; but is wholly absent from Madeira. Thorictus, has 10 South European species, and one representative in Madeira, which is an ants'-nest species. Rhizotrogus (Melolonthidæ), 27 species in Sicily and Algeria, the very countries to which the Madeiran fauna is traced, yet it is

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CUL-DAR89.66 Abstract: [1871--1875] Belt `Nicaragua': 316 / Draft of Expression, chapter 9, p. 234. Text Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [66] G above mimetic notary a certain character Belt p. 316 Protection of Butterflies — Ants Spiders mimicry all stinging insects [Belt, Thomas. 1874. The naturalist in Nicaragua: A narrative of a residence at the gold mines of Chontales; journeys in the savannahs and forests. With observations on animals and plants in reference to the theory of evolution of living forms. London: John Murray. [signed] CUL-DAR.LIB.35 PDF Darwin cited this in Descent 2d

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F937.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

; compression of nose by, ii. 352. HOUSE-SLAVES, difference of, from field-slaves, i. 246. HUBER, P., on ants playing together, i. 39; on memory in ants, i. 45; on the intercommunication of ants, i. 58; on the recognition of each other by ants after separation, i. 365. HUC, on Chinese opinions of the appearance of Europeans, ii. 345. HUMAN kingdom, i. 186. HUMAN sacrifices, i. 68. HUMANITY, unknown among some savages, i. 94; deficiency of, among savages, i. 101. HUMBOLDT, A. von, on the rationality of

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

half-an-hour before. A train of old associations, dormant during five years, had thus been instantaneously awakened in his mind. Even ants, as P. Huber12 has clearly shewn, recognised their fellow-ants belonging to the same community after a separation of four months. Animals can certainly by some means judge of the intervals of time between recurrent events. The Imagination is one of the highest prerogatives of man. By this faculty he unites, independently of the will, former images and ideas

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

analogous facts with insects, in which the cerebral ganglia are of extraordinary dimensions in ants; these ganglia in all the Hymenoptera being many times larger than in the less intelligent orders, such as beetles.69 On the other hand, no one supposes that the intellect of any two animals or of any two men can be accurately gauged by the cubic contents of their skulls. It is certain that there may be extraordinary mental activity with an extremely small absolute mass of nervous matter: thus the

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

powers of a female ant, would require, as Pierre Huber has shewn, a large volume; I may, however, briefly specify a few points. Ants communicate information to each other, and several unite for the same work, or games of play. They recognise their fellow-ants after months of absence. They build great edifices, keep them clean, close the doors in the evening, and post sentries. They make roads, and even tunnels under rivers. They collect food for the community, and when an object, too large for

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

excited by the more brilliant males; for on any other supposition the males would be ornamented, as far as we can see, for no purpose. We know that ants and certain lamellicorn beetles are capable of feeling an attachment for each other, and that ants recognise their fellows after an interval of several months. Hence there is no abstract improbability in the Lepidoptera, which probably stand nearly or quite as high in the scale as these insects, having sufficient mental capacity to admire bright

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F3621 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1953. [Letter to J. T. Moggridge, 22 June [1871]]. Sotheby & Co. Catalogue of valuable printed books autograph letters, historical documents, etc. 6 July. London. Text

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 209 DARWIN (Charles) Interesting A.L.s., 5 1/2 pp., 8vo, Down, 22 Tune [1871], to Traherne Moggridge, referring to Moggridge's investigations on ants, and his own experiments with the fertilization of plants; also another A.L.s. of the same, one page, 8vo, 20 January 1881, concerning a pension for A. R. Wallace (2) ... I like to try experiments with only the ghost of a chance of success; so that I had intended (but failed from the plant being

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F937.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

certain persons, ii. 110. ANTS, i. 186; playing together, i. 39; memory in, i. 45; intercommunication of, by means of the antenn , i. 58; large size of the cerebral ganglia in, i. 145; soldier-, large jaws of; i. 155; difference of the sexes in, i. 365; recognition of each other by, after separation, i. 365. ANTS, White, habits of, i. 364. ANURA, ii. 25. Apatania muliebris, male unknown, i. 314. Apathus, difference of the sexes in, i. 366. Apatura Iris, i. 386, 388. APES, anthropomorphous, i. 196

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

, which induce slight variations or individual differences in other parts of the body; and these variations, owing to our ignorance, are often said to arise spontaneously. We can, I think, come to no other conclusion with respect to the origin of the more complex instincts, when we reflect on the marvellous instincts of sterile worker-ants and bees, which leave no offspring to inherit the effects of experience and of modified habits. Although a high degree of intelligence is certainly compatible with

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

. Happiness is never better exhibited than by young animals, such as puppies, kittens, lambs, c., when playing together, like our own children. Even insects play together, as has been described by that excellent observer, P. Huber,6 who saw ants chasing and pretending to bite each other, like so many puppies. The fact that the lower animals are excited by the same emotions as ourselves is so well established, that it will not be necessary to weary the reader by many details. Terror acts in the same

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

than any other organs, it is not difficult to see. Ants have considerable powers of intercommunication by means of their antenn , as shewn by Huber, who devotes a whole chapter to their language. We might have used our fingers as efficient instruments, for a person with practice can report to a deaf man every word of a speech rapidly delivered at a public meeting; but the loss of our hands, whilst thus employed, would have been a serious inconvenience. As all the higher mammals possess vocal

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

insects many remarkable structures, which are of little or no service to the individual or its own offspring, such as the pollen-collecting apparatus, or the sting of the worker-bee, or the great jaws of soldier-ants, have been thus acquired. With the higher social animals, I am not aware that any structure has been modified solely for the good of the community, though some are of secondary service to it. For instance, the horns of ruminants and the great canine teeth of baboons appear to have

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F937.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

observed by Mr. MacLachlan to fight together, except, as he believes, in the case of some of the smaller species of Agrion. In another very distinct group in this Order, namely in the Termites or white ants, both sexes at the time of swarming may be seen running about, the male after the female, sometimes two chasing one female, and contending with great eagerness who shall win the prize. 52 Order, Hymenoptera. That inimitable observer, M. Fabre,53 in describing the habits of Cerceris, a wasp-like

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F937.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

deserves notice that we here find the intellectual faculties developed, but in two very distinct lines, to the highest standard, namely in the Hymenoptera (ants, bees, c.) amongst the Arthropoda, and in the Mammalia, including man, amongst the Vertebrata. In the most distinct classes of the animal kingdom, [page] 397 AND CONCLUDING REMARKS. CHAP. XXI

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CUL-DAR133.15.1 Printed: 1871 An address read at the anniversary meeting of the Entomological Society of London on the 23rd January, 1871. London: E. Newman. Offprint. (from: Transactions of the Entomological Society: xliv-lxix.) [inscribed] Text Image PDF

apterous to only 110 winged! We can hardly impute such a constant and overwhelming preponderance to the fact that apterous insects have less facilities for extending their range, when we know that nearly every apterous genus possesses species of almost universal European distribution. I may here recall the fact, that of the above-mentioned 14 apterous species which range out of Madeira, two are Meloes and two ants'-nest beetles, whose presence we have already sufficiently accounted for. It may