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F1357    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
large as the others; and two strong boys could together have rolled it over. I have no doubt that it had been rolled over at a moderately recent time, for it now lay at some distance from the two other stones at the bottom of a little adjoining slope. It rested also on fine earth, instead of partly on brick-rubbish. In agreement with this conclusion, the raised surrounding border of turf was only 1 inch high in some parts, and 2 inches in other parts. There were no colonies of ants beneath
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F1357    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
through being washed by rain, by the adhesion of particles to the blades of the surrounding grass, and by their crumbling when dry. Nor must we overlook other agencies which in all ordinary cases add to the amount of mould, and which would not be included in the castings that were collected, namely, the fine earth brought up to the surface by burrowing larv and insects, especially by ants. The earth brought up by moles generally has a somewhat different appearance from vegetable mould; but after a
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F1357    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
burrowing animals of many kinds, especially by ants. In countries where the summer is long and dry, the mould in protected places must be largely increased by dust blown from other and more exposed places. For instance, the quantity of dust sometimes blown over the plains of La Plata, where there are no solid rocks, is so great, that during the gran seco, 1827 to 1830, the appearance of the land, which is here unenclosed, was so completely changed that the inhabitants could not recognise the limits
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F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
ants beneath the stone, and possibly since their establishment the worms had decreased in number. The third stone was only about half as [page] 15
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F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
large as the others; and two strong boys could together have rolled it over. I have no doubt that it had been rolled over at a moderately recent time, for it now lay at some distance from the two other stones at the bottom of a little adjoining slope. It rested also on fine earth, instead of partly on brick-rubbish. In agreement with this conclusion, the raised surrounding border of turf was only 1 inch high in some parts, and 2 inches in other parts. There were no colonies of ants beneath
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F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
which in all ordinary cases add to the amount of mould, and which would not be included in the castings that were collected, namely, the fine earth brought up to the surface by burrowing larv and insects, especially by ants. The earth brought up by moles generally has a somewhat different appearance from vegetable mould; but after a time would not be distinguishable from it. In dry countries, moreover, the wind plays an important part in carrying dust from one place to another, and even in
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F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
burrowing animals of many kinds, especially by ants. In countries where the summer is long and dry, the mould in protected places must be largely increased by dust blown from other and more exposed places. For instance, the quantity of dust sometimes blown over the plains of La Plata, where there are no solid rocks, is so great, that during the gran seco, 1827 to 1830, the appearance of the land, which is here unenclosed, was so completely changed that the inhabitants could not recognise the limits
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F1061    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. La Descendance de l'homme et la sélection sexuelle. 3d ed. Translated by E. Barbier. Paris: C. Reinwald.   Text   PDF
, 1870, p. 212. * Pour les preuves sur ce point, voir le très intéressant ouvrage de M. J. Traherne Moggride, Harvesting ants and trap-doors spiders, 1873, pp. 126-128. * Recherches sur les mœurs des fourmis, 1810, p. 173. * Tous les renseignements qui suivent, donnés sur l'autorité de ces deux naturalistes, sont empruntés à Rengger, Naturgeschichte der Saügethiere von Paraguay, 1830, pp. 41, 57 ; et à Brehm, Thierleben, vol. I, p. 10, 87. * Cité par le docteur Lauder Lindsay, Physiology of Mind in
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F1061    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. La Descendance de l'homme et la sélection sexuelle. 3d ed. Translated by E. Barbier. Paris: C. Reinwald.   Text   PDF
* Isid. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire donne le détail de la position que les divers naturalistes ont assignée à l'homme dans leurs classifications : Histoire nat. générale, 1859, p. 170-189. * M. Belt a cité (Naturalist in Nicaragua, 1874) les faits les plus intéressants qui aient jamais peut-être été publiés sur les fourmis. Voir l'intéressant ouvrage de M. Moggridge, Harvesting Ants, etc., 1873. Voir aussi l'excellent article de Georges Pouchet, l'Instinct chez les insectes (Revue des Deux Mondes
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A1333    Review:     Anon. 1881. [Review of Earthworms] Analyses of books. Journal of Science, 3, 3d series, (December): 671-73.   Text   PDF
also raised to the surface by moles, ants, dung-beetles, c., and that a part of the worm-castings is blown away in dry weather, and washed down in time of rain. Thus we see that in the course of years every particle of the upper soil of a field or garden must have been finely comminuted and passed through the intestines of worms. It is doubtful whether their burrows contribute much to the drainage of the land, as worms generally stop up the opening with leaves, or in default with small stones. But
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A648    Periodical contribution:     Marti, José. 1881. [Report of Darwin on ants]. La Opinión Nacional Caracas (21 December): 1.   Text
Marti, José. 1881. [Report of Darwin on ants]. La Opinión Nacional Caracas (21 December): 1. [page] 1 SECCIÓN CONSTANTE —Muchos y muy notables hechos se han aducido para probar que los animales tienen una inteligencia igual a la del hombre.—Como curiosidad, citaremos aquí dos ejemplos encaminados a demostrar el grado de perfección intelectual que alcanzan los insectos.—El primero que ha sido comunicado por Darwin1 a la Sociedad Linneo de Londres, es el de una gran hormiga, originaria de México
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F1416    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co.   Text   Image   PDF
ants from one of my nests of F. fusca into a bottle, the end of which was tied up with muslin as described, and laid it down close to the nest. In a second bottle I put two ants from another nest of the same species. The ants which were at liberty took no notice of the bottle containing their imprisoned friends. The strangers in the other bottle, on the contrary, excited them considerably. The whole day one, two, or more ants stood sentry, as it were, over the bottle. In the evening no less than
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F1416    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co.   Text   Image   PDF
invariably killed. Yet the ants which 1 It is to be noted that although ants will attack stranger ants introduced from other nests, they will carefully tend stranger larv similarly introduced. [page] 43 ANTS MEMORY
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F1416    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co.   Text   Image   PDF
, and thus, by occasionally relieving each other, they arrived at a sandy spot near the sea. The body of ants now commenced digging with their jaws a number of holes in the ground, into each of which a dead ant was laid, where they now-laboured on until they had filled up the ants' graves. This did not quite finish the remarkable circumstances attending this funeral of the ants. Some six or seven of the ants had attempted to run off without performing their share of the task of digging; these were
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F1416    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co.   Text   Image   PDF
that although this vapour was very injurious to the seeds, it did not prevent their incipient germination. Therefore it yet remains to be ascertained why the seeds do not germinate in the granaries of the ants. But in whatever way the ants manage to prevent germination, it is certain that they are aware of the importance in this connection of keeping the seeds as dry as possible; for Moggridge repeatedly observed that when the seeds which had been stored proved over-moist, the ants again took
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F1416    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co.   Text   Image   PDF
following results. The ants which he observed greatly dislike the presence of light within their nests, hurrying about in search of the darkest corners when light is admitted. The experiments showed that the dislike is much greater in the case of some colours than in that of others. Thus under a slip of red glass there were congregated on one occasion 890 ants, under green 544, under yellow 495, and under violet only 5. To our eyes the violet is as opaque as the red, more so than the green
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F1416    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co.   Text   Image   PDF
), there is a very definite account of such a practice as obtaining among the ants of Sydney; and although it is from the pen of an observer not well known, the observation seems to have been one about which there could scarcely have been a mistake. The observer was Mrs. Hutton, and this is her account. Having killed a number of 'soldier ants,' and returning half an hour afterwards to the place where the dead bodies were lying, she says: I saw a large number of ants surrounding the dead ones. I
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F1416    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co.   Text   Image   PDF
that a crowd of ants had gathered in it. But they found themselves puzzled how to go on with their robbery, for the leg did not, by chance, rest on the bottom of the bowl, but was about half an inch from it. The ants were seen rapidly touching each other with their antenn , or carrying on a consultation, until at last a rather [page] 137 ANTS GENERAL INTELLIGENCE
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F1416    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co.   Text   Image   PDF
, killing some and disabling the rest. The effect of this was immediate and unexpected. As soon as those ants which were approaching arrived near to where their fellows lay dead and suffering, they turned and fled with all possible haste. In half an hour the wall above the mantelshelf was cleared of ants. During the space of an hour or two the colony from below 1 Vol. vii. pp. 443-4. [page] 55 ANTS COMMUNICATION
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F1416    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co.   Text   Image   PDF
usually kept and fed by the ants, to whom they yield a sweet honey-like fluid, which they eject from the abdomen upon being stroked on this region by the antenn of the ants. Mr. Darwin, who has watched the latter process, observes with regard to it, I removed all the ants from a group of about a dozen aphides on a dock plant, and prevented their attendance during several hours. After this interval, I felt sure that the aphides would want to excrete. I watched them for some time through a lens, but
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