Search Results - The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

latter tried to recover the stolen seeds both by fighting for them and by stealing seeds in their turn from the nest of their oppressors. The thieves, however, were evidently the stronger, and streams of ants laden with seeds arrived safely at the upper nest, while close observation showed that very few seeds were successfully carried on the reverse journey into the lower and plundered nest. Thus when I fixed my attention on one of these robbed ants surreptitiously making its exit with the seed

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

the larv at A. When the ants had made a number of journeys over C D A and back again, he raised the block C D so that there was an interval 3/10 of an inch between the end of the block D and the larv at A. The ants kept on coming, and tried hard to reach down from D to A, which was only just out of their reach . After a while they all gave up their efforts and went away, losing their prize in spite of most earnest efforts, because it did not occur to them to drop 3/10 of an inch. At the moment

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

, and fanning away flies, 309, 310; concealing theft, 410 Ellendorf, Dr. F., on leaf-cutting ants, 95, 96; on. ants making a bridge, 137 Elliot, on collective instinct of wolves, 433 Emery, J., on powers of communication in bees, 157 Emulation, of birds, 277; of dogs,442 Encyclop dia Britannica, on bees following floating hives, 149; battles of queen-bees, 163, 164; parasitic instincts in birds, 306 Endurance, of pain by wild dogs, 441; of surgical operations by eagle, 313, 314; by elephants

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

he and others had observed ants to be repelled by the mere scent of a finger drawn across their path, the observation of Mr. Hague might really resolve itself into a dislike on the part of the ants to cross a line over which a finger had been drawn, and have nothing to do with intelligent terror inspired by the sight of their slaughtered companions. The following is Mr. Hague's reply to Mr. Darwin's request for further experiments to test this point: Acting on Mr. M 's suggestion, I first tried

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

intelligence of ants in surmounting obstacles, 135 Lever, Sir Ashton, his experiment on eccentricity of nest-building instinct, 295 Limpet, remembering locality, 28, 29 Lincecum, Dr., on harvesting ants, 97 and 103-7; carrying one another, 109 Lindsay, Dr. L., on birds dreaming, 312 Linns us, on swallows imprisoning sparrows, 318 Linnet, intelligence of in not flying against mirror, 311; trained, 312 Liparis chrysorrhaca, 238 Livingstone, Dr., on certain ants of Africa, 110; honey-guide, 315

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

Prinia, 293 Protozoa, movements of, 18; apparent intelligence of, 19-21 Provident instincts, of ants, 97-110; of bees, 160-162; of a bird, 285; of rodents, 353, 354, and 365, 366; of beaver, 368-70 Puffins, nidification of, 291, 292 Pugnacity, of ants, 45; of bees, 165-70; of spiders, 204-5; of fish, 242; of seal, 341-6; of rabbits, 355; of rat-hare, 365, 366; of canine animals, 426 Python, tame, affection of, ., 256 and 260-2 QUARTERLY REVIEW, on intelligence of rats, 360, 361 Quatrefages, on

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

increase of our knowledge are Messrs. Bates, Belt, M ller, Moggridge, Lincecum, MacCook, and Sir John Lubbock. From the fact that these naturalists conducted their observations in different parts of the world and on widely different species of ants, it is not surprising that their results should present many points of difference; for this only shows, as we might have expected, that different species of ants differ considerably in habits and intelligence. Therefore, in now drawing all these

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

peculiar adaptive movements to meet the exigencies of novel and peculiar circumstances. The importance of this distinction may be rendered manifest by the following illustrations. We have already seen that the ants which Sir John Lubbock observed display many and complex instincts, which together might seem to justify us in anticipating that animals which present such wonderful instincts must also present sufficient general intelligence to meet simple though novel exigencies by such simple

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

was passing along it, he turned it round, so that end b was at c, and c at b. 'In most cases the ant immediately turned round also; but even if she went on to b or c, as the case might be, as soon as she came to the end of the bridge she turned round.' Next, between the nest and the food he placed a hat-box twelve inches in diameter and seven inches high, cutting two small holes, so that the ants in passing from the nest to the food had to pass in at one hole and out at the other. The box was

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

cannot have been induced to follow her by merely observing her proceedings. I conclude, therefore, that they possess the power of requesting their friends to come and help them.' In order to ascertain whether the signs which communicating ants make to one another are made by means of sound, Sir John Lubbock placed near a nest of Lasius flavus six small upright pillars of wood about 1 inch high, and on one of these he put a drop of honey. 'I then put three ants to the honey, and when each had

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

note. This was made clear to me at that time, from the behaviour of the ants the first day I killed any, for on that occasion some of them approaching the vase from below, on reaching the upper edge of the mantel, peeped over, and drew back on seeing what had happened about the vase, then turned away a little, and after a moment tried again at another and another point along the edge, with the same result in the end. Moreover, those that found themselves among the dead and dying went from one

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

threatened by no danger and no loss, and the complete emptying of a large and distant nest often takes several days in accomplishing. The ants which have been so thoroughly robbed scarcely every return to their former abode. It must be admitted that a human army, robbing a foreign town or fortress, could not behave better or more prudently. Huber gives the following account of a battle waged by sanguine ants: At ten, in a July morning, he noticed a small band of them emerge from their nest, and

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

cleansing process in another genus of ants (Ecitons): Here and there an ant was seen stretching forth first one leg and then another, to be brushed and washed by one or more of its comrades, who performed the task by passing the limb between the jaws and tongue, finishing by giving the antenn a friendly wipe. Habits of Play and Leisure. The life of ants is not all work, or, at least, is not so in all species; for in some species, at any rate, periods of recreation are habitually indulged in. B chner

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

of the slope, whence they rolled down to the bottom, where another relay of labourers picked them up and carried them to the new burrow. It was amusing to watch the ants hurrying out with bundles of food, dropping them over the slope, and rushing back immediately for more. The same thing has been observed, as already stated, of the leaf-cutting ants those engaged in cutting frequently throwing down the fragments of leaf which they cut to the carriers below. The prevalence of this habit among

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

as many as seven. They are usually two to three inches wide at their origin, but in large nests may be as much as five. MacCook found no road longer than sixty feet, but Lincecum describes one of three hundred feet. Along these hard and level roads there is always passing, during the daytime of the harvesting season, a constant stream of ants those going from the nest being empty-handed, and those returning to it being laden with seeds. Of course the incoming ants, converging from all quarters

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

her way. But these ants do not confine their harvesting operations to gathering fallen seeds; they will, like the ants of Europe, also cut seeds from the stalk. In order to test the disposition of crudelis to garner the seeds from the stem, bunches of millet were obtained from the North, and stalks eighteen inches high, crowned by the boll of close-set seeds, were stuck in the mound of an active formicary. The ants mounted the stems and set to work vigorously to secure the seeds, clusters of

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

'ant-rice' reappears within the same circle, and receives the same agricultural attention as was bestowed upon the previous crop and so on year after year, as I know to be the case, in all situations when the ant's settlements are protected from graminivorous animals. In a second letter Dr. Lincecum, in reply to an inquiry from Mr. Darwin whether he supposed that the ants plant seeds for the ensuing crop, says: I have not the slightest doubt of it. And my conclusions have not been arrived at from

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

yields to the influence around her, and drops into the current of fresh enterprise, in which she moves with as entire freedom and as independently as any other worker. But she is apparently under no restraint, and if she so please, may return to her former haunts. Certain Ants of Africa. Livingstone says of certain ants of Africa: They have established themselves on the plain where water stands so long annually as to allow the lotus and other aqueous plants to come to maturity. When all the ant

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

army is deflected towards it, and with the utmost energy the innumerable insects set to work to sink shafts and dig mines till the whole nest is rifled of its contents. In these mining operations the ants work with an extraordinary display of organized co-operation; for those low down in the shafts do not lose time by carrying up the earth which they excavate, but pass on the pellets to those above; and the ants on the surface, when they receive the pellets, carry them, 'with an appearance of

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

intelligence closely resembles the military ants of the other hemisphere. I shall therefore not wait again to describe these habits in detail. Like the Ecitons, the marching ants of Africa have no fixed nest, but make temporary halts in the shade of hollow trees, overhanging rocks, c. They march in large armies, and, like the Ecitons, always in the form of a long close column; but in this case the relative position of the carriers of spoil and larv is re [page] 122 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE