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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

; improvement in their nidification and adopting new modes of, 300; migration, 301; making tunnels, 318; killing imprisoned hostile sparrows, 318-19 Swan, conjugal fidelity of, 271; mode of escaping with young, 290; nidification, 496-8 Swine, 339-41 Sword-fish, 252-3 Sykes, Colonel, on harvesting ants, 97; on tree ants, 110-11; intelligence of ants in getting at food in difficult situations, 134, 135; on nidification of tailor-bird, 293 [page] 518 INDEX

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

ringing bell, 423 White ants, see Termites White, the Rev. Gilbert, on nests of harvesting-mice, 365; on nidification of house-martin, 292, 293 White, W., on intelligence of snails, 26 White, the Rev. W. W. F., on sympathy of ants, 49; keeping pets, 84; burying dead, 92, 93 White-headed eagle, see Eagle Wildman, his alleged training of bees, 189 WiIks,Dr. S., observations on talking of parrot, 267, 268; on dog recognising a portrait, 455 Williams, on intelligence of sheepdogs, 448 Williams, B., on

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

-slaves, 196 . Houzeau, on the baying of the dog, 75; on reason in dogs, 76; birds killed by telegraph wires, 80; on the cries of domestic fowls and parrots, 85, 87; animals feel no pity, 102; suicide in the Aleutian Islands, 117. Howorth, H. H., extinction of savages, 183. Huber, P., on ants playing together, 69; on memory in ants, 74; on the intercommunication of ants, 89; on the recognition of each other by ants after separation, 292. Huc, on Chinese opinions of the appearance of Europeans

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

CHAPTER IV. BEES AND WASPS. ARRANGING this chapter under the same general headings as the one on ants, we shall consider first. Powers of Special Sense. Bees and wasps have much greater powers of sight than ants. They not only perceive objects at a greater distance, but are also able to distinguish their colours. This was proved by Sir John Lubbock, who placed honey on slips of paper similarly formed, but of different colours; when a bee had repeatedly visited a slip of one colour (A), he

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

their minds. Then some of them entered the nest, soon after which hosts of warriors streamed out of the entrances, and ran about tapping each other with their heads and antenn . They then formed into column and set out to pillage the nest of the slave ants. The following is the account which Lesp s gives of such expeditions: They only take place towards the end of the summer and in autumn. At this time the winged members of the slave species (F. fusca and F. cunicularia) have left the nest

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

halts, whereas on the following day it went forward to its aim swiftly and without delay, having found out the road. It seems that a single ant, even if it knows the way and the place, is not able alone to lead a large army, but that a considerable number must be employed in this duty. Mistakes as to the road occur with special ease during the return journey, because the several ants are laden with booty and cannot readily understand each other. Individual ants are then seen to wander about in

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

follow it by smell. On the other hand, such mistakes scarcely ever happen to individuals in an unladen train, kept in good array. Other species of ants (F.fusca, rufa, sanguinea) know better how to manage under such circumstances than do the Amazons. The laden ones lay down their loads, first find where they are, and only take them up again after they have found their way. If the booty seized in the nest first attacked is too large to be all taken at once, the robbers return once, or oftener

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

is at once lost. The tactics of the turf ants resemble those of the exsect , three or four of them seizing an opponent and pulling off his legs. In similar fashion the attack of the Lasius species is [page] 79 ANTS WARS

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

When an ant came up to a cluster of leaf-hoppers attended by a wasp, the latter would not attempt to grapple with its rival on the leaf, but would fly off and hover over the ant; then when its little foe was well exposed, it would dart at it and strike it to the ground. The action was so quick that I could not determine whether it struck with its fore-feet or its jaws; but I think it was with the feet. I often saw a wasp trying to clear a leaf from ants that were already in full possession of

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

, apparent intelligence of, 19-20 Atkinson, the Rev. J. C., on reasoning power of a dog, 458, 459 Audubon, on ants making beasts of burden of bugs, 68; plundering instincts of white-headed eagle, 284; variations in instinct of incubation, 299, 300 Auk, nidification of, 292 Automatism, hypothesis of animal, 6 BABOON, sympathy shown by Arabian, 474; rage of, 478; revenge of, 478 Badcock, on dog making peace-offerings, 452 Baer, Van, on organisation of bee, 241 Bailey, Professor W.W., on dog stopping a

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

; effects of removing antenn , 197 Beetles, see Coleoptera Belshaw, on cat knocking knockers, 422 Belt, on ants, duration of memory in, 39, 40; sympathy, 48; division of labour, 99; ecitons, 114-19 and 138; tunnelling under rails, 140; on sand-wasp taking precise bearings to remember locality, 150, 151; struggle between wasps and ants for secretion of frog-hoppers, 194, 195; intelligence of spiders in protecting themselves from ecitons, 219, 220; beetles undermining stick supporting a dead toad, 228

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

Guana, see Reptiles Guerinzius, on wasps recognising persons, 188 Guillemots, plundering of by gulls, 283, 284; mode of catching fish, 285 Gulls, plundering guillemots, 283, 284; mode of challenge, 291; nidification, 292 Guring, Thomas, on intelligence of geese, 314, 315 HAGEN, on termites, 202 Hague, on powers of communication in ants, 54-7 Hamilton, E., on fear exhibited by cattle in slaughterhouses, 334 Hancock, Dr., on fish quitting water, 248; crows breaking shells by dropping them on

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

Humboldt, on instincts of young turtles, 257 Humming-birds, sthetic instincts of, 281 Hutchings, J., on intelligence of a cat, 417 Hutchinson, on alleged tendency of scorpion to commit suicide, 225 Hutchinson, Col., on reasoning power of a dog, 463, 464 Hutchinson, Dr. H. F., on wolf-spider stalking own image in mirror, 213 Hutchinson, S. J., on intelligence of polar bear, 351, 352 Hutton, Mrs., on ants burying their dead, 91, 92 Hydrargyra, 248 Hymenoptera, see Ants and Bees IBEX, does

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

Jerdon, Dr., on harvesting-ants, 97; on birds dreaming, 312 Jervoise, Sir J. C., on bee biting hole in a corolla, 189; on combined action of rooks in obtaining food from pheasants, 321 Jesse, on intelligence of bees in adapting their combs to smooth surface, 186; spider protecting eggs from cold, 219; tame housefly, 230, 231; affection of male for female pike, 246; attachment between alligator and cat, 258, 259; conjugal fidelity of swan, and pigeon, 271; sympathy of rooks, 273, 274; lapwing

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

mirror, 415-16 Meenan, on a wasp carrying heavy prey up an elevation in order to fly away with it, 197 Melanerpes formicivorus, 285 Melia tessellata, 233-4 Melipona domestica, form of its cells, 173-6 Melothrus, 309-10 Memory, of mollusca, 25-9; of ants, 39-45; of bees, 151-5; of beetles and earwig, 226-30; of batrachians, 255; of reptiles, 259 et seq.; of birds, 266-70; of horse, 330; of elephant, 386-7; of dog, 438; of monkey, 497 Menault, on eagle submitting to surgical operation, 313-14; on

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

Sylvia, 293 Sympathy, of ants, 46-9; of bees, 155-6; of fish, 242; of birds, 270-6; of horse, 331-2; of ruminants, 334; of elephants, 387-92, and 397, 398; of cat, 416; of monkeys, 471-5 TAIT, LAWSON, on cat signing to have bell pulled, 423 Talegallus, nidification of, 294 Taylor, the Rev. Mr., cunning of his dog, 451 Tegetmeier, on amount of sugar required by bees to make honey, 176 Telescope-fish, 246 Tennent, Sir B., on apparent intelligence of land-leeches, 24; intelligence of tree-ants

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

each other after long intervals of time, and are deeply attached. For instance, Pierre Huber, whose accuracy no one doubts, separated some ants, and when, after an interval of four months, they met others which had formerly belonged to the same community, they recognised and caressed one another with their antennæ. Had they been strangers they would have fought together. Again, when two communities engage in a battle, the ants on the same side sometimes attack each other in the general

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A2927 Periodical contribution: Jenyns, Leonard. 1882. [Obituary of Charles Darwin] The President's address. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 30: xxxiii-xlix. Text PDF

Hymenoptera the bees, perhaps, being excepted. A person, on first entering a tropical forest, is astonished at the labours of the ants; well- beaten paths branch off in every direction, on which an army of never-failing foragers may be seen, some going forth and others returning, burdened with pieces of green leaf, often larger than their own bodies. A small dark-coloured ant sometimes emigrates in countless numbers. One day, at Bahia, my attention was drawn by observing many spiders

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

home to become mothers where they had been children. Probably both statements are correct. A writer in the 'Groniger Deekblad' for June 16, 1877, observes that, looking to the injurious effects of in-breeding, the facts as related by Forel are less probable than those related by other observers, and that, if they actually occur, the females fertilised before flight are probably kept by the ants as a sort of 'reserve corps to which the workers resort only in case of need, and if they fail to

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

their own nest, and the latter had some trouble in defending it. The rufibarbes let themselves be killed in hundreds, and really seemed as though they courted death. A small number of the Amazons also sank under the bites of their enemies. The nest contained slaves of the rufibarbis species, which on this emergency fought actively against their own race. There were also slaves of the species fusca, so that the nest included three different species of ants. The same nest is often revisited many times