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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

is wholly and continuously woven over, and it is very well possible, or probable, that the process of reopening such a warm covering in the spring, 1 'The History and Habits of Epeira aurelia,'in Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist. for June 1865. 2 Harvesting Ants and Trap-door Spiders, p. 126. This admirable work, with its appendix, contains a very full account of the whole economy of the interesting animals with which it is concerned. [page] 218 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

between themselves and the foe. I once saw one of the false spiders, or harvest-men (Phalangid ), standing in the midst of an army of ants, and with the greatest circumspection and coolness lifting, one after the other, its long legs, which supported its body above their reach. Sometimes as many as five out of its eight legs would be lifted at once, and whenever an ant approached one of those on which it stood, there was always a clear space within reach to put down another, so as to be able

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

Beaver. Most remarkable among rodents for instinct and intelligence unquestionably stands the beaver. Indeed, there is no animal not even excepting the ants and bees where instinct has risen to a higher level of far-reaching adaptation to certain constant conditions of environment, or where faculties, undoubtedly instinctive, are more puzzlingly wrought up with faculties no less undoubtedly intelligent. So much is this the case that, as we shall presently see, it is really impossible by the

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

, it seems little less than impossible that the formation of these structures can be due to instinct. Yet one or other hypothesis, either singly or in combination, must be resorted to. The case, it will be observed, thus differs from that of the more wonderful performances of instinct elsewhere, such as that of ants and bees, inasmuch as the performances here are so complex and varied, as well as having reference to physical principles of a much more recondite or less observable nature. The case

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

swallow, house-martin, 292; tomtit, woodpecker, starling, weaver, 293; baya, tale-gallus, 294; grosbeak, 295, 296; swan, 296-8; Wallace's theories concerning, 298, 299; variability of 299-301; of harvesting mice, 365 Nightingales, removing nest, 289 Niphon, Professor, on intelligence of a mule, 333, 334 Noctua Eningii, 238 Noctura verbasci, 236 North, the Rev. W., on intelligence of mice, 361, 362 Nottebohm, Herr, on ants stocking trees with aphides, 63 OBSTETRIC-FISH, 246; toad, 254 Octopus

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

. Suicide: an Essay in Comparative Moral Statistics. By Prof. E. Morselli. With Diagrams. Crown 8vo, 5s. XXXVII. The Brain and its Functions. By J. Luys. With Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 5s. XXXVIII. Myth and Science: an Essay. By Tito Vignoli. Crown 8vo, 5s. XXXIX. The Sun. By Professor Young. With Illustrations. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 5s. XL. Ants, Bees, and Wasps: a Record of Observations on the Habits of the Social Hymenoptera. By Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P. With 5 Chromo-lithographic

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

in the females alone. Although many dragon-flies are large, powerful, and fierce insects, the males have not been observed by Mr. MacLachlan to fight together, excepting, as he believes, in some of the smaller species of Agrion. In another group in this Order, namely, the Termites or white ants, both sexes at the time of swarming may be seen running about, the male after the female, sometimes two chasing one female, and contending with great eagerness who shall win the prize. 54 The Atropos

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

putting themselves in motion in a new direction. The newly returned followed them, and the reunited army, after various wheelings, halts, c., at [page] 73 ANTS WARS

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

returning ant. The latter repeated the same man uvre as at first, only stretching its neck further over the edge of the table. He several times reiterated his experiment, and always with the same result. Later the two colonies were shut up together in a glass case, and gradually learned to agree. At other times, however, warlike ants show great and needless cruelty to one another: They slowly pull from their victim, that is rendered defenceless by wounds, exhaustion, or terror, first one feeler and

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F1416 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1882. [Extracts from Darwin's draft chapter 10 of Natural selection]. In Romanes, G. J., Animal intelligence. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co. Text Image PDF

Doras, 248 D'Osbonville, on monkeys administering corporal chastisement to their young, 482, 483 Dreaming, of birds, 269, 312; of ferrets, 347 Duchemin, M., on toads killing carp, 254 Duck, conjugal fidelity of, 270, 271; conveying young on back, 289 Dugardin, on communication among ants, 49; in bees, 156 Duncan, on cunning of a dog, 451 Dzierzon, on cause determining sex of bees' eggs, 162; bees repairing injuries to their cells, 186 [page] 506 INDEX

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

member gains no advantage over the others of the same community. Associated insects have thus acquired many remarkable structures, which are of little or no service to the individual, such as the pollen-collecting apparatus, or the sting of the worker-bee, or the great jaws of soldier-ants. With the higher social animals, I am not aware that any structure has been modified solely for the good of the community, though some are of secondary service to it. For instance, the horns of ruminants and

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

to our ignorance, are often said to arise spontaneously. We can, I think, come to no other conclusion with respect to the origin of the more complex instincts, when we reflect on the marvellous instincts of sterile worker-ants and bees, which leave no offspring to inherit the effects of experience and of modified habits. Although, as we learn from the above-mentioned insects and the beaver, a high degree of intelligence is certainly compatible with complex instincts, and although actions, at

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

knows the corresponding words as well as a philosopher. And the capacity to understand is as good a proof of vocal intelligence, though in an inferior degree, as the capacity to speak. Why the organs now used for speech should have been originally perfected for this purpose, rather than any other organs, it is not difficult to see. Ants have considerable powers of intercommunication by means of their antennæ, as shewn by Huber, who devotes a whole chapter to their language. We might have used

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

females of many animals differ somewhat in habits and are exposed in different degrees to danger, it is probable that in many cases, more of one sex than of the other are habitually destroyed. But as far as I can trace out the complication of causes, an indiscriminate though large destruction of either sex would not tend to modify the sex-producing power of the species. With strictly social animals, such as bees or ants, which produce a vast number of sterile and fertile females in comparison with the

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

of, 536. — oreas, horns of, 234. — saiga, polygamous habits of, 217. — strepsiceros, horns of, 234. — subgutturosa, absence of suborbital pits in, 529. Antipathy, shewn by birds in confinement, to certain persons, 411. Ants, 147; large size of the cerebral ganglia in, 54; soldier-, large jaws of, 63; playing together, 69; memory in, 74; intcommunication of, by means of the antennæ, 89; habits of, 147; difference of the sexes in, 292; recognition of each other by, after separation, 292. — White

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

muscles in man, 3; snarling muscles, 41; on the hand, 51. —, T., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in moles, 247; on the newts, 348; on the croaking of the frog, 350; on the difference in the coloration of the sexes in Zootoca vivipara, 357; on moles fighting, 500. Bell-bird, sexual difference in the colour of the, 389. Bell-birds, colours of, 492. Belt, Mr., on the nakedness of tropical mankind, 57; on a spider-monkey and eagle, 102; habits of ants, 147; Lampridæ distasteful to mammals, 277

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

of the, 487. Modifications, unserviceable, 62. Moggridge, J. T., on habits of spiders, 69; on habits of ants, 147. [page] 66

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

., the relation of instinct to intelligence, 67; on the instincts of ants, 147; on the caves of Abou-Simbel, 168; on the immunity of negroes from yellow fever, 193; change of colour in fishes, 344. Pouter pigeon, late development of the large crop in, 238. Powell, Dr., on stridulation, 281. Power, Dr., on the different colours of the sexes in a species of Squilla, 271. Powys, Mr., on the habits of the chaffinch in Corfu, 248. Pre-eminence of man, 48. Preference for males by female birds, 414, 420

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F955 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand. Text Image PDF

and Tenthredinidæ, 254; on the relative size of the sexes of Aculeate Hymenoptera, 279; on the difference between the sexes of ants and bees, 292; on the stridulation of Trox sabulosus, 303; on the stridulation of Mononychus pseudacori, 305. Smynthurus luteus, courtship of, 279. Snakes, sexual differences of, 351; mental powers of, 352; male, ardency of, 352. Snarling muscles, 41. Snipe, drumming of the, 376; coloration of the, 491. —, painted, sexes and young of, 476. —, solitary, assemblies of

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CUL-DAR112.B9-B23 Note: 1882.05.00 I George Darwin am going to try to write down my recollections of my Text Image

13th Light Dragoons all had to run hard to get out of the way. At Hartfield, which I thought then the most delightful place in the world, he used to take longish walks over the forest, generally alone. Once however, when we were alltogether, he found a grand raid of the slavemaking ants on the black slaves going on, we stayed a long time watching the fight. It was a curious thing that altho' when walking alone he was very apt to be in a brown study, yet he always saw all sorts of curious things