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F1548.1
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 1
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profoundly ignorant (op. cit., pages 496-97). 1. J. Traherne Moggridge (1842-74) is described by a writer in Nature Volume XI., 1874, page 114, as one of our most promising young naturalists. He published a work on Harvesting Ants and Trap-door Spiders, London, 1873, and wrote on the Flora of Mentone and on other subjects. (See The Descent of Man Volume I., Edition II., page 104, 1888.) [page 338
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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received a few months ago from Axel Blytt1 on the distribution of the plants of Scandinavia; showing the high probability of there having been secular periods alternately wet and dry, and of the important part which they have played in distribution. I wrote to Forel,2 who is always at work on ants, and told him your views about the dispersal of the blind coleoptera, and asked him to observe. I spoke to Hooker about your book, and feel sure that he would like nothing better than to consider the
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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against time, when in London for a day. However, I will try to do something to mend this matter, should I have to prepare another edition. I return you Forel's letter. It does not advance the question much; neither do I think it likely that even the complete observation he thinks necessary would be of much use, because it may well be that the ova, or larvae, or imagos of the beetles are not carried systematically by the ants, but only occasionally, owing to some exceptional circumstances. This
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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do not think any character simply in excess ought ever to be used for the higher divisions. Ants would not be separated from other hymenopterous insects, however high the instinct of the one, and however low the instincts of the other. With respect to the differences of race, a conjecture has occurred to me that much may be due to the correlation of complexion (and consequently hair) with constitution. Assume that a dusky individual best escaped miasma, and you will readily see what I mean. I
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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Viola and Oxalis were related to the protrusion of the pollen-tubes. My case of the Aceras3 with the aborted labellum squeezed against stigma supports your view. Dr. Crüger's notion about the ants was a simple conjecture. About cryptogamic 1. See Letter 658. 2. Crüger's case here referred to is doubtless the cleistogamic fertilisation of Epidendrum, etc. Scott discusses the question of self-fertilisation at great length in a letter to Darwin dated April, and obviously written in 1863. In Epidendrum
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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of the most elegant compliments which I have ever received. I have directed to be sent to you Belt's Nicaragua, which seems to me the best Natural History book of travels ever published. Pray look to what he says about the leaf-carrying ant storing the leaves up in a minced state to generate mycelium, on which he supposes that the larvae feed. Now, could you open the stomachs of these ants and examine the contents, so as to prove or disprove this remarkable hypothesis?3 Letter 684. TO F. M LLER
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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could compel you to go on working at fertilisation instead of so insignificant a subject as the commerce of the country! You pay me a very pretty compliment at the beginning of your paper. Letter 710. TO J.D. HOOKER. [The following letters to Sir J.D. Hooker and the late Mr. Moggridge refer to Moggridge's observation that seeds stored in the nest of the ant Atta at Mentone do not germinate, though they are certainly not dead. Moggridge's observations are given in his book, Harvesting Ants and Trap
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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Letter 712. TO J. TRAHERNE MOGGRIDGE. Down, March 10th, 1874. I am very sorry to hear that the vapour experiments have failed; but nothing could be better, as it seems to me, than your plan of enclosing a number of the ants with the seeds. The incidental results on the power of different vapours in killing seeds and stopping germination appear very curious, and as far as I know are quite new. P.S. I never before heard of seeds not germinating except during a certain season1; it will be a very
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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at work on, i. 427. Antarctic islands, plants of, i. 490. Antarctic Land, i. 116, 491. Anti-Jacobin, quiz on Erasmus Darwin in, i. 175. Antiquity of Man, Sir Charles Lyell's, i. 185, 186, 193, 241, 243; cautious views on species, i. 241, ii. 32; Darwin's criticism of, i. 193; Extract on Natural Selection from, i. 154; Falconer on, i. 239; Owen's criticism on, i. 238, 239. Antirrhinum, peloric flowers, i. 219. Ants, account in Origin of Slave-, i. 197; Forel's work on, ii. 11, 19; Moggridge on
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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i. 65; mentioned, i. 414; ii. 119; royal medal awarded to, ii. 131; essay on connection between distribution of existing fauna and flora of the British Isles and geological changes, i. 51, 409; ii. 223. Forbes, H.O., on Melastoma, ii. 292. Force and Matter, Huxley on, i. 155. Forel, Aug., on ants and beetles, ii. 17, 19; author of Les Fourmis de la Suisse, ii. 11; letter to, ii. 11, 12. Forfarshire, Lyell on glaciers of, ii. 181. Forms of Flowers, De Candolle's criticism of Darwin's, i. 369
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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Hallett, on varieties of wheat, i. 314. Hamilton, on fertilisation of Dampiera, ii. 258. Hamilton, Sir W., on Law of Parsimony, i. 370. Hancock, A., on British shells, i. 100; and Royal medal, i. 80, 88, 113. Hanley, Dr., Darwin's visit to, i. 6. Harker, A., note on Darwin's work on cleavage and foliation, ii. 199. Hartman, Dr., on Cicada septendecim, ii. 90. Harvesting Ants and Trap-door Spiders, Moggridge's, i. 337; ii. 389. Harvey, W.H., biographical note, i. 141; criticism of Origin, i
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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nectaries visited by ants, ii. 399. Psithyrus, i. 262. Psychology, Delboeuf on, ii. 48; Romanes' work on comparative, ii. 49. Ptarmigan, protective colouring of, ii. 87. Pterophorus periscelidactylus, ii. 386. Publishing, over-readiness of most men in, ii. 356. Pumilio argyrolepis, Darwin on seeds of, ii. 387, 430. Purbeck, Plagiaulax from the, i. 210. Purpose, Darwin on use of term, ii. 429. Pyrola, fertilisation mechanism in, i. 152. Quagga, hybrid between horse and, i. 319. Quails, seed-dispersal
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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, ii. 258. Coffea arabica, seeds with two embryos, ii. 365. Cohn, F., notice in Cornhill of his botanical work, i. 216. Coldstream, Dr., i. 409. Colenso, on Maori races of New Zealand, i. 313. Coleoptera, apterous form of Madeira, ii. 67; colonisation of ants' nests by, ii. 11 . Colias edusa, wings of, ii. 67 . Collecting, Darwin's early taste for, i. 3 . Collier, Hon. J., Art primer by, i. 398, 399; letter to, i. 398, 399; portrait of Darwin by, i. 399 . Collingwood, Dr., on mimetic forms, i
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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; of land and freshwater faunas, i. 233; selection and, i. 161; of species, i. 182; Walsh on specific, i. 250. Moel Tryfan, Darwin on shells on, ii. 167, 190; Mackintosh on shells on, ii. 166. Moggridge, J.T., letters to, i. 337, 338; ii. 390, 391; note on, i. 337; experiments on ants and seeds, ii. 389-91. Mohl, von, on climbing plants, ii. 342, 343. Mojsisovics, E. von, letters to, i. 374, 375. ii. 197; work on Palaeontology and Evolution, i. 375. Molecular movement in foliated rocks, ii. 206
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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; germination from pond mud, ii. 251; Hildebrand on dispersal of, ii. 387; mucus emitted by, ii. 430; stored by ants, ii. 389-91; supposed vivification of fossil, ii. 244; vitality of, ii. 243-7, 251. Seeley, Prof, ii. 442. Seemann, on commingling of temperate and tropical plants in mountains of Panama, i. 473; on the Origin in Germany, i. 476; mentioned, ii. 9. Segregation of minerals in foliated rocks, ii. 204, 205. Selaginella, foot of, compared with organ in Welwitschia seedling, ii. 427, 428
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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., on palaeolithic flints in boulder-clay of E. Anglia, ii. 241; letter to, ii. 240, 241. Skin, influence of mind on eruptions of, ii. 107. Slate, cleavage of schists and, ii. 203. Slave-ants, account in the Origin of, i. 197. Sleep, plants' so-called, ii. 362. Sleep-movements, in plants, ii. 363, 364, 367, 397-9, 411; of cotyledons, ii. 414, 415. Slime of seeds, ii. 387. Sloths, i. 115. Smell, Ogle's work on sense of, ii. 102. Smerinthus populi-ocellatus, Weir on hybrid, i. 396. Smilaceae
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F1552.2
Book:
Litchfield, H. E. ed. 1904. Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin. A century of family letters. Cambridge: University Press printed. Volume 2.
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an inexpressible blessing it is to have one whom one can always trust, one always the same, always ready to give comfort, sympathy and the best advice. God bless you my dear, you are too good for me. Yesterday I was poorly: the Review and confounded Queen was too much for me; but I got better in the evening and am very well to-day. I cannot walk far yet; but I loiter for hours in the Park and amuse myself by watching the ants: I have great hopes I have found the rare slave-making species, and
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F1552.2
Book:
Litchfield, H. E. ed. 1904. Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin. A century of family letters. Cambridge: University Press printed. Volume 2.
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Etty has not yet heard it; but you cannot think what a pleasure your letters are to her; they amuse and cheer her so nicely. I shall copy your account of dialogue before the Bishop and send it to Hooker and Huxley. I daresay I will send some queries to your friend the cook. You may tell the gardener that I have seen an ant's nest in a tree, but it is rare. The Review by the Bishop of Oxford and Owen in last Quarterly is worth looking at. I am splendidly quizzed by a quotation from the Anti
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A237.2
Book:
Wallace, A. R. 1905. My life: A record of events and opinions. London: Chapman and Hall. vol. 2.
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protective to leaves in hot forests where such ants do exist, it has not been acquired originally to provide the requisite protection. I much doubt the correctness of Mr. Belt's theory that the ants which inhabit leaf-sacs protect the leaves from leaf-cutting ants; for the leaves of such plants are almost invariably thin and dry; whereas the Sa ba always selects leaves that are more or less coriaceous, and if it really wanted the sacciferous leaves I fancy it would make short work of their
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A237.2
Book:
Wallace, A. R. 1905. My life: A record of events and opinions. London: Chapman and Hall. vol. 2.
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and could hardly believe I wrote it, should have been the means of attracting one good botanist to read it with attention, and thus probably to make a convert. A letter from Spruce, dated Welburn, Yorkshire, December 28, 1873, gives some interesting matter on a botanical subject on which I had consulted him. My article on the modifications in plant-structure produced by the agency of ants was never printed. After I had been told that the MSS. was in the printer's hands, it was returned to me
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