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F9.4
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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As Cuvier observes, the D. geometricus of Bl. and Schneid.* approaches very closely this species, and I can hardly think it to be distinct. Yet neither in Mr. Darwin's specimen, which in all other respects agrees exactly with Schneider's figure, do I discern any appearance of the hexagonal meshes on the surface of the body. 3. DIODON ANTENNATUS. Cuv. ? Diodon antennatus, Cuv. Mém. du Mus. tom. iv. p. 131. pl. 7. A third species of Diodon, brought home by Mr. Darwin, and taken by him at Bahia
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F8.19
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 no. 2 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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the palms and soles of the feet, a large transverse spot across the posterior part of the abdomen, two smaller ones near the middle, and in some specimens a few scattered little spots, all of the most intense vermilion red. There is one specimen from Bahia Blanca which has also some small buff-orange spots on the upper part.* Mr. Darwin observes that the appearance of the vermilion colour is as if the animal had crawled over a newly painted board; and he adds— This Toad inhabits the most dry and
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F9.5
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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the palms and soles of the feet, a large transverse spot across the posterior part of the abdomen, two smaller ones near the middle, and in some specimens a few scattered little spots, all of the most intense vermilion red. There is one specimen from Bahia Blanca which has also some small "buff-orange" spots on the upper part.* Mr. Darwin observes that "the appearance of the vermilion colour is as if the animal had crawled over a newly painted board;" and he adds—"This Toad inhabits the most
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F8.19
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 no. 2 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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tectâ. Proctotretus multimaculatus, Bibr. l. c. p. 291. Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia. DESCRIPTION.—The body depressed and wide—the head triangular, the muzzle rather acute. Nostrils prominent and nearly round. Scales of the head very small and numerous; those of the temple rhomboidal and imbricated. There are four series of small irregular scales between the labial and sub-orbitar. The sides of the neck are wholly granular; the scales of the body very small; those of the upper parts
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F9.5
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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PROCTOTRETUS MULTIMACULATUS. PLATE IX.—FIG. 1. Corpore subdepresso; capite squamis numerosis parvis tecto; auribus parvis, margine lævi; seriebus quatuor squamarum supralabialium; squamis temporum imbricatis; collo granuloso; femorum facie posteriore partìm granulosâ, partìm squamis imbricatis tectâ. Proctotretus multimaculatus, Bibr. l. c. p. 291. Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia. DESCRIPTION.—The body depressed and wide—the head triangular, the muzzle rather acute. Nostrils
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F8.19
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 no. 2 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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.—FIG. 1. Squamis supra-humeralibus, rhomboideis, imbricatis; subfemoralibus transversim hexagonis; abdominalibus in seriebus decem longitudinalibus dispositis; caudâ, corpore cum capite plus quam duplò longiore, squamis medio carinatis, et ad margine sub-carinatis. Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia. DESCRIPTION.—Head very narrow, much elongated and pointed, the vertex flattened; nostrils rather large, open, round, directed laterally, and placed in the centre of the naso-rostral plate
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F8.19
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 no. 2 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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Found at Bahia Blanca by Mr. Darwin. The specimens are probably all of them very young; hence the longitudinal lines can scarcely be considered as permanent, as most species of the genus are beautifully lineated in the young state. The length of the tail, with its carinated scales, the general elegance of the form, the gracile form of the head, and the neat and distinct arrangement of the colours, render this one of the most beautiful species of this elegant genus. The description of the
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F9.5
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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.—FIG. 1. Squamis supra-humeralibus, rhomboideis, imbricatis; subfemoralibus transversim hexagonis; abdominalibus in seriebus decem longitudinalibus dispositis; caudâ, corpore cum capite plus quam duplò longiore, squamis medio carinatis, et ad margine sub-carinatis. Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia. DESCRIPTION.—Head very narrow, much elongated and pointed, the vertex flattened; nostrils rather large, open, round, directed laterally, and placed in the centre of the naso-rostral plate
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F9.5
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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Found at Bahia Blanca by Mr. Darwin. The specimens are probably all of them very young; hence the longitudinal lines can scarcely be considered as permanent, as most species of the genus are beautifully lineated in the young state. The length of the tail, with its carinated scales, the general elegance of the form, the gracile form of the head, and the neat and distinct arrangement of the colours, render this one of the most beautiful species of this elegant genus. The description of the
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F8.19
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 no. 2 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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described it, may be at once distinguished from every other by the character of the scales of the head, which, instead of lying flat, with the edges in contact, are all of them imbricated and carinated. Another obvious distinguishing character, is the narrow line of prominent scales running the whole length of the body on each side, forming a sort of pectinated lateral crest, from which circumstance it has derived its name. Found by Mr. Darwin, at Bahia Blanca, and Port Desire in Patagonia
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F8.19
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 no. 2 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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Classif. Batrach. Habitat, Maldonado and Bahia Blanca. H [page] 50 ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE
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F9.5
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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. PROCTOTRETUS DARWINII. PLATE VII.—FIG. 1, 2. Corpore subdepresso; capite squamis numerosis, parvis, subelevatis, lævibus non imbricatis; aurium margine anteriore integro; temporibus colloque granulatis; serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium; facie posteriore femorum partìm granulosâ, partìm squamis imbricatis tectâ. Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia. Mr. Darwin. [page break
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F9.5
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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this species that they have "an orange-coloured gorge, and faint stripes of blue," also "ash-grey with dark brown marks and specks of orange and blue." DIMENSIONS. Inches. Lines. Length of the head........................ 0 5 of the body ..................... 1 5 of the tail ........................ 2 2 ———————— Total length...... 4 2 Length of anterior extremity............ 1 1 of posterior extremity ......... 0 8 This species was found by Mr. Darwin at Bahia Blanca and at Rio Negro, on the
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F9.5
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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described it, may be at once distinguished from every other by the character of the scales of the head, which, instead of lying flat, with the edges in contact, are all of them imbricated and carinated. Another obvious distinguishing character, is the narrow line of prominent scales running the whole length of the body on each side, forming a sort of pectinated lateral crest, from which circumstance it has derived its name. Found by Mr. Darwin, at Bahia Blanca, and Port Desire in Patagonia
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F9.5
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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Classif. Batrach. Habitat, Maldonado and Bahia Blanca. H [page] 50 ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE
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F272
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1844. Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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being sucked into such fissures? At Bahia, in Brazil, in a district composed of gneiss and primitive greenstone, I saw many dikes, of a dark augitic (for one crystal certainly was of this mineral) or hornblendic rock, which, as several appearances clearly proved, either had been formed before the surrounding mass had become solid, or had together with it been afterwards thoroughly softened.* On both sides of one of * Portions of these dikes have been broken off, and are now surrounded by the
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F272
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1844. Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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Atlantic ocean, new volcanic focus in, 92 Augite fused, 111 Australia, 130 Azores, 24, 125 Bahia in Brazil, dikes at, 123 Bailly, M., on the mountains of Mauritius, 29 Bald Head, 144 Banks' Cove, 103, 107 Barn, The, St. Helena, 76 Basalt, specific gravity of, 120 Basaltic coast-mountains, at Mauritius, 29 at St. Helena, 80 at St. Jago, 17 Beaumont, M. Elie de, on circular subsidences in lava, 102 on dikes indicating elevation, 94 on inclination of lava-streams, 93 on laminated dikes, 70 Beudant
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F1664a
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. 1844. Observations sur la structure et sur la reproduction du genre Sagitta. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, s. 3 v. 1: 360-365, pl. 15B. [See F1664]
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septembre 1832, nous parcourûmes (sur la côte du Bahia-Blanca dans la Patagonie septentrionale) les mêmes lieux où, vingt-cinq jours auparavant, j'avais observé un si grand nombre de Sagitta exaptera dont les ovaires étaient distendus par des œufs en nombre immense qui flottaient k la surface de la mer (1). Ces œufs étaient à différents états de développement: les moins avancés offraient une sphère de matière granuleuse, renfermée dans un étui sphérique plus volumineux ; dans ceux qui se trouvaient
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F1664
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1844. Observations on the structure and propagation of the genus Sagitta. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13 (81) (January): 1-6, 1 plate.
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fluid round it being first converted into granular matter. I have reason to suppose from what follows that this little globule contains only air. The whole phænomenon was effected in about ten minutes; and in one case I watched the entire process without taking my eye from the microscope. On the 27th and 29th of September 1832, we passed* through the same tract of sea (off Bahia Blanca on the coast of northern Patagonia) where twenty-five days previously I had observed such great numbers of the S
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CUL-DAR39.211-212
Note:
[Undated]
Analysis (best worth) (of various geological specimens)
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1264 ─ superficial covering of salt Arica 1313 ─ Lima (?) 761 ─ Bahia Blanca [crenating] roots 1143 ─ Cavern Huafo 760 ─ Rio Negro Sulp of soda going on surface 1227 ─ Iquique 762 ─ common salt ─ Bahia Blanca 781 ─ Port Desire 1954 (in paper ─ S. Cruz (?) 3052 Iquique (?) 759 Rio Negro Salt 804 Salt St. Julians [212v
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CUL-DAR39.211-212
Note:
[Undated]
Analysis (best worth) (of various geological specimens)
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Rio Negro Sulphate of Magnesia Potash or soda Bahia Blanca / no nitrate or carbonate Sulphate of soda very little muriate shaking with Rio Negro salt 760 In this there was much muriate of soda Sulphate of Magnesia Sulphuric acid magnesia ⸮ also sulph of soda? Bahia Blanca) 761 [illeg] nitrate acid or carbon little muriate: chiefly sulphuric not magnesia ─ ∴ sulp of sosa:= salt from Rio Negro pure? yet no magnesia or sulphuric acid.─ It is said in Malt Bres Sulp soda crystals in the salines in
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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CHAPTER IV. Rio Negro Estancias attacked by the Indians Salt Lakes Flamingoes R. Negro to R. Colorado Sacred Tree Patagonian Hare Indian Families General Rosas Proceed to Bahia Blanca Sand Dunes Negro Lieutenant Bahia Blanca Saline Incrustations Punta Alta Zorillo. RIO NEGRO TO BAHIA BLANCA. July 24th, 1833. The Beagle sailed from Maldonado, and on August the 3rd she arrived off the mouth of the Rio Negro. This is the principal river on the whole line of coast between the Strait of Magellan
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A141
Periodical contribution:
Ehrenberg, C. G. 1845. Über einen See-Infusorien haltenden weissen vulkanischen Aschen-Tuff (Pyrobioloth) als sehr grosse Gebirgsmasse in Patagonien. Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeingneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin pp. 143-57.
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Infusorien-Kieselschalen-Fragmente als Haupthestandtheile zeigen. Polythalamien und andere Kalktheile fehlen ganz, dienten daher wahrscheinlich nebst thonigen Theilen des Meeresbodens als Flufsmittel f r die geschmolzenen Kieseltheile und f r den Gyps. Hieran schliefsen sich noch einige neuere Analysen von Stein- und Gebirgs-Arten, welche mit den so eben er rterten in naher Beziehung stehen. A. BAHIA BLANGA. Die fossilen urweltlichen S ugethier-Knochen aus den D nenh geln von Bahia Blanca in
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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..........39 CHAPTER IV. Rio Negro Estancias attacked by the Indians Salt Lakes Flamingoes R. Negro to R. Colorado Sacred Tree Patagonian Hare Indian Families General Rosas Proceed to Bahia Blanca Sand Dunes Negro Lieutenant Bahia Blanca Saline Incrustations Punta Alta Zorillo.......... 63 CHAPTER V. Bahia Blanca Geology Numerous gigantic extinct Quadrupeds Recent Extinction Longevity of Species Large Animals do not require a luxuriant Vegetation Southern Africa Siberian Fossils Two Species of Ostrich
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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CHAPTER V. Bahia Blanca Geology Numerous gigantic extinct Quadrupeds Recent Extinction Longevity of Species Large Animals do not require a luxuriant vegetation Southern Africa Siberian Fossils Two Species of Ostrich Habits of Oven-bird Armadilloes Venomous Snake, Toad, Lizard Hybernation of Animals Habits of Sea-Pen Indians Wars and Massacres Arrow-head, antiquarian Relic. BAHIA BLANCA. THE Beagle arrived here on the 24th of August, and a week afterwards sailed for the Plata. With Captain Fitz
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A40
Review:
Anon. 1845. [Review of] Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various countries visited by His Majesty's ship Beagle. North American Review 61 (Issue 128, July): 181-199.
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abundant in the neighbourhood of Bahia Blanca, which Mr. Darwin reached by a land journey though a country resembling a desert. While the ground remains moist, nothing is seen but a plain of black, muddy soil, bearing a few succulent plants; but a few days of hot weather change the aspect into that of a field of slightly drifted snow. This unevenness is owing to the tendency which the salt has to crystallize, like hoar-frost, around stumps and stems, or on the ridges of broken ground. The salinas
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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When we were at Bahia, an elater or beetle (Pyrophorus luminosus, Illig.) seemed the most common luminous insect. The light in this case was also rendered more brilliant by irritation. I amused myself one day by observing the springing powers of this insect, which have not, as it appears to me, been properly described.* The elater, when placed on its back and preparing to spring, moved its head and thorax backwards, so that the pectoral spine was drawn out, and rested on the edge of its sheath
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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aware of the posta, our black friend and his four soldiers would assuredly have been slaughtered. I did not any where meet a more civil and obliging man than this negro; it was therefore the more painful to see that he would not sit down and eat with us. In the morning we sent for the horses very early, and started for another exhilarating gallop. We passed the Cabeza del Buey, an old name given to the head of a large marsh, which extends from Bahia Blanca. Here we changed horses, and passed
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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the Dasypus minutus or pichy, the D. villosus or peludo, and the apar. The first extends ten degrees further south than any other kind: a fourth species, the Mulita, does not come as far south as Bahia Blanca. The four species have nearly similar habits; the peludo, however, is nocturnal, while the others wander by day over the open plains, feeding on beetles, larv , roots, and even small snakes. The apar, commonly called mataco, is remarkable by having only three moveable bands; the rest of
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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surface. When frightened, it attempts to avoid discovery by feigning death, with outstretched legs, depressed body, and closed eyes: if further molested, it buries itself with great quickness in the loose sand. This lizard, from its flattened body and short legs, cannot run quickly. I will here add a few remarks on the hybernation of animals in this part of South America. When we first arrived at Bahia Blanca, September 7th, 1832, we thought nature had granted scarcely a living creature to
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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CHAPTER VI. Set out for Buenos Ayres Rio Sauce Sierra Ventana Third Posta Driving Horses Bolas Partridges and Foxes Features of the Country Long-legged Plover Teru-tero Hail-storm Natural Enclosures in the Sierra Tapalguen Flesh of Puma Meat Diet Guardia del Monte Effects of Cattle on the Vegetation Cardoon Buenos Ayres Corral where Cattle are slaughtered. BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES. SEPTEMBER 8th. I hired a Gaucho to accompany me on my ride to Buenos Ayres, though with some difficulty, as
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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into the head of Port Desire, and likewise with the Rio Chupat, on the banks of which masses of highly cellular scori were found by the officers employed in the survey. As it was early in the afternoon when we arrived, we took fresh horses, and a soldier for a guide, and started for the Sierra de la Ventana. This mountain is visible from the anchorage at Bahia Blanca; and Capt. Fitz Roy calculates its height to be 3340 feet an altitude very remarkable on this eastern side of the continent. I am
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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differ in size on the outer and inner rows of cells, I have little doubt, that in their functions, they are related rather to the horny axis of the branches than to the polypi in the cells. The fleshy appendage at the lower extremity of the sea-pen (described at Bahia Blanca) also forms part of the zoophyte, as a whole, in the same manner as the roots of a tree form part of the whole tree, and not of the individual leaf or flower-buds. In another elegant little coralline (Crisia?), each cell was
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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carrion-hawks, 184 Australia, 431 Australian barrier, 474 Azara on spiders, 36, 38 on rain in La Plata, 47 Azara on range of carrion-hawks, 59 on habits of carrion-hawks, 57 on a thunder-storm, 61 on ostrich-eggs, 91 on bows and arrows, 105 on new plants springing up, 119 on great droughts, 133 on hydrophobia, 353 Bachman, Mr., on carrion-hawks, 185 Bahia Blanca, 76 to 105 Bahia, Brazil, 11 , scenery of, 495 Balbi on coral reefs, 470 Bald Head, Australia, 450 Ballenar, Chile, 349 Banda Oriental, 39
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A275
Book:
Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.
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, with a series of broad shields beneath. a. In spirits. Not in good state. N. Australia, Port Essington. Presented by the Earl of Derby. Part 175, after Cubinia fasciata, insert : DARWIN'S CUBINIA. Cubinia Darwinii. Brown, darker marbled and minutely white dotted; scales minute, granular, with 18 longitudinal series of small triangular tubercles; lower rostral plate large, 3-sided behind, with a small chin-shield on each side; lower labial shields 5-1-5. a. In spirits. Bahia. Presented by
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A141
Periodical contribution:
Ehrenberg, C. G. 1845. Über einen See-Infusorien haltenden weissen vulkanischen Aschen-Tuff (Pyrobioloth) als sehr grosse Gebirgsmasse in Patagonien. Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeingneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin pp. 143-57.
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Monte Hermoso, so wie die der Riesen-G rtelthiere in den D nenh geln bei Bahia Blanca, beides in Patagonien, unver nderte brakische S fswasserbildungen sind, [page] 15
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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JOURNAL. CHAPTER I. Porto Praya Ribeira Grande Atmospheric Dust with Infusoria Habits of a Sea-slug and Cuttle-fish St. Paul's Rocks, non-volcanic Singular Incrustations Insects the first Colonists of Islands Fernando Noronha Bahia Burnished Rocks Habits of a Diodon Pelagic Conferv and Infusoria Causes of discoloured Sea. ST. JAGO CAPE DE VERD ISLANDS. AFTER having been twice driven back by heavy south-western gales, Her Majesty's ship Beagle, a ten-gun brig, under the command of Captain Fitz
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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CHAPTER XXI. MAURITIUS TO ENGLAND. Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Great crateriform ring of Mountains Hindoos St. Helena History of the changes in the vegetation Cause of the extinction of land-shells Ascension Variation in the imported rats Volcanic Bombs Beds of infusoria Bahia Brazil Splendour of tropical scenery Pernambuco Singular Reef Slavery Return to England Retrospect on our voyage. April 29th. IN the morning we passed round the northern end of Mauritius, or the Isle of France
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A275
Book:
Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.
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truncated; shields under the legs 6-sided, third largest; tail elongate, scales rhombic, strongly keeled; white, upper part and sides with numerous black streaks. a. In spirits. Tail imperfect. Bahia Blanca, N. Patagonia. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. ** Front of the upper arm shielded. Ventral shields in 8 series. Taraguira. The TAGAGUIRA. Cnemidophorus lemniscatus, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 128. Lacerta lemniscatus, Daud. Rept. iii. 175, t. 36, f. 1, young. Petiv. Gaz. t. 150, f. 11. Seba, i
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A275
Book:
Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.
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, Bell, Zool. Beagle, Rept. t. 7. Body rather depressed; scales of the head numerous, small, slightly elevated, smooth, not imbricate; of the temple and neck granular; cheek-scales 1-rowed; hinder side of the thigh granular (hinder) part covered with imbricate scales; ears entire in front. a, b. In spirits. N. Patagonia, Bahia Blanca. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. *** The Body with a distinct longitudinal fold on each side. CAPT. KING'S LEIOL MUS. Leiol mus Kingii. Proctotretus Kingii, Bell
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Book:
Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.
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, rhomboidal, dagger-pointed, keeled; of the throat and belly entire, not nicked ; thigh granular, with a group of large scales behind. a, b. In spirits. Bahia Blanca. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. c. In spirits. Peru. Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq. d. In spirits. Monte Video. Presented by C. Darwin, Esq. e. In spirits. Maldonado. Presented by C. Darwin, Esq. 33. PTYGODERUS. Proctotretus, part, Dum. et Bib. Head rather depressed, covered with equal, rhomboidal, keeled plates. Throat with a fold
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Book:
Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.
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The PROCTOTRETE. Proctotretus multimaculatus, Dum. et Bib. E. G. iv. 290. Bell, Zool. Beagle, 17, t. 9, f. 1. Grey, with crowded black dots; ears very small, simple; sides of the neck and hinder part of the thighs completely granular; scales of the back small, numerous, lozenge-shaped, distinctly keeled, not dagger-pointed; of the sides smooth; of the throat and belly entire. a c. Adult and young, in spirits. Bahia Blanca, Patagonia. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. c. Femoral and anal pores
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A40
Review:
Anon. 1845. [Review of] Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various countries visited by His Majesty's ship Beagle. North American Review 61 (Issue 128, July): 181-199.
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, which geologists assign to the tertiary era, does not necessarily imply a very productive soil to feed them; nor is it necessary to frame theories of great revolutions in climate to account for the existence of such animals; so far as the quantity of vegetation is concerned, they might have lived on the soil in which they found their graves, without supposing it to be materially altered. The animals now existing at Bahia are small, but the fossil remains show that the [page] 18
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Anon. 1845. [Review of] Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various countries visited by His Majesty's ship Beagle. North American Review 61 (Issue 128, July): 181-199.
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, and he was able to make out a tolerable specimen, which he considered a great windfall, others having made the attempt to obtain them without the least success. Mr. Darwin made an interesting observation on the subject of the hybernation of animals, and the stimulus which is necessary to restore them. When he arrived at Bahia Blanca, on the 7th of September, it seemed as if all animals had deserted the sterile region for some better and happier land; but on digging in the ground, lizards
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Review:
Anon. 1845. [Review of] Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various countries visited by His Majesty's ship Beagle. North American Review 61 (Issue 128, July): 181-199.
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regulates these changes. Within the tropics, the hybernation of animals is governed by the times of drought. There are many animals which show no signs of life till water is thrown upon them; after a rain, slight depressions in the ground are full of life, as if from equivocal generation; while the solution of the mystery is, that the creatures are there already, and it is the moisture which restores the action of life. From Bahia Blanca he passed by land to Buenos Ayres, through a country
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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appearance of luxuriance. Half-way up the mountain, some great masses of the columnar rock, shaded by laurel-like trees, and ornamented by others covered with fine pink flowers but without a single leaf, gave a pleasing effect to the nearer parts of the scenery. BAHIA, OR SAN SALVADOR. BRAZIL, Feb. 29th. The day has past delightfully. Delight itself, however, is a weak term to express the feelings of a naturalist who, for the first time, has wandered by himself in a Brazilian forest. The elegance of
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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, floating alive and distended, in the stomach of the shark; and that on several occasions he has known it eat its way, not only through the coats of the stomach, but through the sides of the monster, which has thus been killed. Who would ever have imagined that a little soft fish could have destroyed the great and savage shark? March 18th. We sailed from Bahia. A few days afterwards, when not far distant from the Abrolhos Islets, my attention was called to a reddish-brown appearance in the sea. The
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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and others returning, burdened with pieces of green leaf, often larger than their own bodies. A small dark-coloured ant sometimes migrates in countless numbers. One day, at Bahia, my attention was drawn by observing many spiders, cockroaches, and other insects, and some lizards, rushing in the greatest agitation across a bare piece of ground. A little way behind, every stalk and leaf was blackened by a small ant. The swarm having crossed the bare space, divided itself, and descended an old
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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, and the deer knows man as its enemy only when he is mounted and armed with the bolas. At Bahia Blanca, a recent establishment in Northern Patagonia, I was surprised to find how little the deer cared for the noise of a gun: one day I fired ten times from within eighty yards at one animal; and it was much more startled at the ball cutting up the ground than at the report of [page] 4
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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hidden beneath volcanic mountains warm mineral springs the wide expanse and depths of the ocean the upper regions of the atmosphere, and even the surface of perpetual snow all support organic beings. To the northward of the Rio Negro, between it and the inhabited country near Buenos Ayres, the Spaniards have only one small settlement, recently established at Bahia Blanca. The distance in a straight line to Buenos Ayres is very nearly five hundred British miles. The wandering tribes of horse
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