F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

differ in size on the outer and inner rows of cells, I have little doubt, that in their functions, they are related rather to the horny axis of the branches than to the polypi in the cells. The fleshy appendage at the lower extremity of the sea-pen (described at Bahia Blanca) also forms part of the zoophyte, as a whole, in the same manner as the roots of a tree form part of the whole tree, and not of the individual leaf or flower-buds. In another elegant little coralline (Crisia?), each cell was

A275    Book:     Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.   Text   Image   PDF

, with a series of broad shields beneath. a. In spirits. Not in good state. N. Australia, Port Essington. Presented by the Earl of Derby. Part 175, after Cubinia fasciata, insert : DARWIN'S CUBINIA. Cubinia Darwinii. Brown, darker marbled and minutely white dotted; scales minute, granular, with 18 longitudinal series of small triangular tubercles; lower rostral plate large, 3-sided behind, with a small chin-shield on each side; lower labial shields 5-1-5. a. In spirits. Bahia. Presented by

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

JOURNAL. CHAPTER I. Porto Praya Ribeira Grande Atmospheric Dust with Infusoria Habits of a Sea-slug and Cuttle-fish St. Paul's Rocks, non-volcanic Singular Incrustations Insects the first Colonists of Islands Fernando Noronha Bahia Burnished Rocks Habits of a Diodon Pelagic Conferv and Infusoria Causes of discoloured Sea. ST. JAGO CAPE DE VERD ISLANDS. AFTER having been twice driven back by heavy south-western gales, Her Majesty's ship Beagle, a ten-gun brig, under the command of Captain Fitz

A275    Book:     Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.   Text   Image   PDF

truncated; shields under the legs 6-sided, third largest; tail elongate, scales rhombic, strongly keeled; white, upper part and sides with numerous black streaks. a. In spirits. Tail imperfect. Bahia Blanca, N. Patagonia. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. ** Front of the upper arm shielded. Ventral shields in 8 series. Taraguira. The TAGAGUIRA. Cnemidophorus lemniscatus, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 128. Lacerta lemniscatus, Daud. Rept. iii. 175, t. 36, f. 1, young. Petiv. Gaz. t. 150, f. 11. Seba, i

A275    Book:     Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.   Text   Image   PDF

, rhomboidal, dagger-pointed, keeled; of the throat and belly entire, not nicked ; thigh granular, with a group of large scales behind. a, b. In spirits. Bahia Blanca. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. c. In spirits. Peru. Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq. d. In spirits. Monte Video. Presented by C. Darwin, Esq. e. In spirits. Maldonado. Presented by C. Darwin, Esq. 33. PTYGODERUS. Proctotretus, part, Dum. et Bib. Head rather depressed, covered with equal, rhomboidal, keeled plates. Throat with a fold

A40    Review:     [Peabody, William Bourn Oliver]. 1845. [Review of] Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various countries visited by His Majesty's ship Beagle. North American Review 61 (Issue 128, July): 181-199.   Text   Image   PDF

, which geologists assign to the tertiary era, does not necessarily imply a very productive soil to feed them; nor is it necessary to frame theories of great revolutions in climate to account for the existence of such animals; so far as the quantity of vegetation is concerned, they might have lived on the soil in which they found their graves, without supposing it to be materially altered. The animals now existing at Bahia are small, but the fossil remains show that the [page] 18

A40    Review:     [Peabody, William Bourn Oliver]. 1845. [Review of] Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various countries visited by His Majesty's ship Beagle. North American Review 61 (Issue 128, July): 181-199.   Text   Image   PDF

regulates these changes. Within the tropics, the hybernation of animals is governed by the times of drought. There are many animals which show no signs of life till water is thrown upon them; after a rain, slight depressions in the ground are full of life, as if from equivocal generation; while the solution of the mystery is, that the creatures are there already, and it is the moisture which restores the action of life. From Bahia Blanca he passed by land to Buenos Ayres, through a country

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

, floating alive and distended, in the stomach of the shark; and that on several occasions he has known it eat its way, not only through the coats of the stomach, but through the sides of the monster, which has thus been killed. Who would ever have imagined that a little soft fish could have destroyed the great and savage shark? March 18th. We sailed from Bahia. A few days afterwards, when not far distant from the Abrolhos Islets, my attention was called to a reddish-brown appearance in the sea. The

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

, and the deer knows man as its enemy only when he is mounted and armed with the bolas. At Bahia Blanca, a recent establishment in Northern Patagonia, I was surprised to find how little the deer cared for the noise of a gun: one day I fired ten times from within eighty yards at one animal; and it was much more startled at the ball cutting up the ground than at the report of [page] 4

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

the capital. As the Beagle intended to call at Bahia Blanca, I determined to proceed there by land; and ultimately I extended my plan to travel the whole way by the postas to Buenos Ayres. August 11th. Mr. Harris, an Englishman residing at Patagones, a guide, and five Gauchos, who were proceeding to the army on business, were my companions on the journey. The Colorado, as I have already said, is nearly eighty miles distant: and as we travelled slowly, we were two days and a half on the road

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

interview passed away without a smile, and I obtained a passport and order for the government post-horses, and this he gave me in the most obliging and ready manner. In the morning we started for Bahia Blanca, which we reached in two days. Leaving the regular encampment, we passed by the toldos of the Indians. These are round like ovens, and covered with hides; by the mouth of each, a tapering chuzo was stuck in the ground. The toldos were divided into separate groups, which belonged to the different

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

a hundred reasons why they could not have been Indians; but all these were forgotten at the time. We then rode on in peace and quietness to a low point called Punta Alta, whence we could see nearly the whole of the great harbour of Bahia Blanca. The wide expanse of water is choked up by numerous great mud-banks, which the inhabitants call Cangrejales, or crabberies, from the number of small crabs. The mud is so soft that it is impossible to walk over them, even for the shortest distance. Many

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Africa. I will now give an account of the habits of some of the more interesting birds which are common on the wild plains of Northern Patagonia; and first for the largest, or South American ostrich. The ordinary habits of the ostrich are familiar to every one. They live on vegetable matter, such as roots and grass; but at Bahia Blanca I have repeatedly seen three or four come down at low water to the extensive mud-banks which are then dry, for the sake, as the Gauchos say, of feeding on small

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

any low bank of firm sandy soil by the side of a road or stream. Here (at Bahia Blanca) the walls round the houses are built of hardened mud; and I noticed that one, which enclosed a courtyard where I lodged, was bored through by round holes in a score of places. On asking the owner the cause of this, he bitterly complained of the little casarita, several of which I afterwards observed at work. It is rather curious to find how incapable these birds must be of acquiring any notion of thickness

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

saved his life by betraying the intended plan of warfare, and the point of union in the Andes. It was believed that there were already six or seven hundred Indians together, and that in summer their numbers would be doubled. Ambassadors were to have been sent to the Indians at the small Salinas, near Bahia Blanca, whom I have mentioned that this same cacique had betrayed. The communication, therefore, between the Indians, extends from the Cordillera to the coast of the Atlantic. General Rosas's

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

party separated, and so arranged their plans, that at a certain time of the day (in guessing which they show much skill) they should all meet from different points of the compass on a plain piece of ground, and thus drive together the wild animals. One day I went out hunting at Bahia Blanca, [page] 11

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Megatherium, Megalonyx, and Mylodon. Within nearly this same periods (as proved by the shells at Bahia Blanca) South America possessed, as we have just seen, a mastodon, horse, hollow-horned ruminant, and the same three genera (as well as several others) of the Edentata. Hence it is evident that North and South America, in having within a late geological period these several genera in common, were much more closely related in the character of their terrestrial inhabitants than they now are. * This is

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

none at all. In the middle of the day they frequently roll in the dust, in saucer-shaped hollows. The males fight together; two one day passed quite close to me, squealing and trying to bite each other; and several were shot with their hides deeply scored. Herds sometimes appear to set out on exploring parties: at Bahia Blanca, where, within thirty miles of the coast, these animals are extremely unfrequent, I one day saw the tracks of thirty or forty, which had come in a direct line to a muddy

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

analogous species in the northern hemisphere. A large Voluta is abundant in southern Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands. At Bahia Blanca, in lat 39 S., the most abundant shells were three species of Oliva (one of large size), one or two Volutas, and a Terebra. Now these are amongst the best characterised tropical forms. It is doubtful whether even one small species of Oliva exists on the southern shores of Europe, and there are no species of the two other genera. If a geologist were to

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Macrauchenia was a living beast; but as the Patagonian coast is some way distant from the Cordillera, the rising there may have been slower than here. At Bahia Blanca, the elevation has been only a few feet since the numerous gigantic quadrupeds were there entombed; and, according to the generally received opinion, when these extinct animals were living, man did not exist. But the rising of that part of the coast of Patagonia, is perhaps noways connected with the Cordillera, but rather with a line of old

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

of, 117 Puna, or short respiration, 322 Punta Alta, Bahia Blanca, 81 Gorda, 129, 356 Pyrophorus luminosus, 31 Quadrupeds, fossil, 81, 127, 130, 155, 173 , large, do not require luxuriant vegetation, 85 , weight of, 87 Quartz of the Ventana, 109 of Tapalgnen, 116 of Falkland Island, 196 Quedius, 10 Quillota, valley of, 254 Quintero, 254 Quiriquina Island, 302 2 L 2 [page] 51

F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

; their peculiar structure Dead and submerged Reefs Areas of subsidence and elevation Distribution of Volcanos Subsidence slow, and vast in amount..452 CHAPTER XXI. Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Great crateriform ring of Mountains Hindoos St. Helena History of the changes in the vegetation Cause of the extinction of land-shells Ascension Variation in the imported rats Volcanic Bombs Beds of infusoria Bahia Brazil Splendour of tropical scenery Pernambuco Singular Reef Slavery Return to England

CUL-DAR43.1.6-45    Note:    [1845.01.00--1845.02.00?]   Sowerby George Brettingham to Darwin Charles Robert   Text   Image   PDF

Patagonia X Ostrea latissima Deshayes Coquilles Foss. des Env: de Paris t. I. pl: 52. 53. Upraised Shells, Patagonia [in margin, in pencil for items 1 and 2:] Bahia, Brazil 1 The Fossils of this locality are composed of three separate parcels, probably different epochs, viz. 1 A granular Limestone (no. 381.) containing two fossil species; one, by far the most abundant, probably a Melania, the other probably a Paludina 2. Coarse Siliceous Sand (no. 342 378) with fragments of a Cytherea, a

F273    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

land, would form a level plain traversed by parallel lines of sand-hillocks; during a slow elevation of the land, the hillocks would rest on a gently inclined surface, like that on the northern shore of Bahia Blanca. I did not observe any shells in this neighbourhood at a greater height than twenty feet; and therefore the age of the sea-drifted pebbles of pumice, now standing at the height of 120 feet, must remain uncertain. The main plain surrounding Bahia Blanca, I estimated at from 200 to 300

F273    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

bays, such as in that of Bahia Blanca, wherever the sea is accumulating extensive mud-banks, or where the winds quietly heap up sand-dunes, beds of shells might assuredly be preserved buried in the positions in which they had lived, even whilst the land retained the same level; any, the smallest, amount of elevation would directly aid in their preservation. I saw a multitude of spots in Bahia Blanca, where this might have been effected; and at Maldonado it almost certainly has been effected. In