Search Results - The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

some places, according to M. Parchappe,* by beds of clay two yards thick. On the banks of the Sauce, four leagues S.E. of the Ventana, there is an imperfect section about two hundred feet in height, displaying in the upper part tosca-rock and in the lower part red Pampean mud. At the settlement of Bahia Blanca, the uppermost plain is composed of very compact, stratified tosca-rock, containing rounded grains of quartz distinguishable by the naked eye: the lower plain, on which the fortress stands

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

vegetation of a country and the size of its mammiferous inhabitants. I do not doubt that large animals could now exist, as far as the amount, not kind, of vegetation is concerned, on the sterile plains of Bahia Blanca and of the R. Negro, as well as on the equally, if not more sterile plains of Southern Africa. The climate, however, may perhaps have somewhat deteriorated since the mammifers embedded at Bahia Blanca lived there; for we must not infer, from the continued existence of the same shells on

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

different composition, which are themselves frequently either foliated or fissile,—such as the alternating so-called strata of mica-slate, gneiss, glossy clay-slate, and marble. The folia of the gneiss within a few miles round Bahia generally strike irregularly, and are often curvilinear, dipping in all directions at various angles: but where best defined, they extended most frequently in a N.E. by N. (or east 50° N.) and S.W. by S. line, corresponding nearly with the coast-line northwards of the

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

, 78 Salinas, 73 Salt with upraised shells, 48, 52 lakes of, 73 purity of, in salt lakes, 75 deliquescent, necessary for the preservation of meat, 75 ancient formation of, at Iquique, 234 at S. Lorenzo, 234 strata of, origin of, 235 Salts, superficial deposits of, 69 Sand-dunes of the Uruguay, 2 of the Pampas, 3 near Bahia Blanca, 4, 17 of the Colorado, 5, 17 of S. Cruz, 10 of Arica, 47 Sarmiento, Mount, 154 Schmidtmeyer on auriferous detritus, 235 Schomburgk, Sir R. on sea-bottom, 23 on the

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

CHAPTER IV. ON THE FORMATIONS OF THE PAMPAS. Mineralogical constitution — Microscopical structure — Buenos Ayres, shells embedded in tosca-rock — B. Ayres to the Colorado — S. Ventana — Bahia Blanca; M. Hermoso, bones and infusoria of; P. Alta, shells, bones, and infusoria of; co-existence of the recent shells and extinct mammifers — B. Ayres to St. Fé — Skeletons of Mastodon — Infusoria — Inferior marine tertiary strata, their age — Horse's tooth — BANDA ORIENTAL — Superficial Pampean

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

CHAPTER VI. PLUTONIC AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS:—CLEAVAGE AND FOLIATION. Brazil, Bahia, gneiss with disjointed metamorphosed dikes — Strike of foliation — Rio de Janeiro, gneiss-granite, embedded fragment in, decomposition of — La Plata, metamorphic and old volcanic rocks of — S. Ventana — Claystone porphyry formation of Patagonia; singular metamorphic rocks; speudo-dikes — Falkland Islands, palæozoic fossils of — Tierra del Fuego, clay-slate formation, cretaceous fossils of; cleavage and foliation

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

in lava, 175 Austen, Mr. R. A., on bent cleavage-laminæ, 160 Austin, Capt. on sea-bottom, 25 Australia, foliated rocks of, 165 Azara labiata, beds of, at San Pedro, 2, 78 Bacalemu, elevated shells near, 31 Baculites vagina, 126, 131 Bahia Blanca, elevation of, 3 formations near, 80 character of living shells of, 135, 137 Bahia (Brazil), elevation near, 3 crystalline rocks of, 140 Ballade, M. on the precipitation of sulphate of soda, 74 Banda Oriental, elevation of, 1 tertiary formations of, 90

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

continent, for at Port S. Julian, in Patagonia, there is good evidence (as we shall hereafter see) that when the land stood ninety feet lower, the Macrauchenia, a mammiferous beast, was alive; and at Bahia Blanca, when it stood only a few feet lower than it now does, many gigantic quadrupeds ranged over the adjoining country. But the coast of Patagonia is some way distant from the Cordillera, and the movement at Bahia Blanca is perhaps no ways connected with this great range, but rather with

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

Earthquake-waves, power of, in throwing up shells, 34 effects of, near Lima, 51 power, in transporting boulders, 69 Edmonston, Mr. on depths at which shells live at Valparaiso, 34 Ehrenberg, Prof. on infusoria in the Patagonian formation, 110, 111, 112, 117, 118 on infusoria in the Pampean formation, 81, 85, 88 Elevation of La Plata, 1 Brazil, 3 Bahia Blanca, 3, 83 San Blas, 5 Patagonia, 5, 14, 17 Tierra del Fuego, 12 Falkland Islands, 13 Pampas, 14, 103 Chonos Archipelago, 27 Chiloe, 27 Chile

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

CONTENTS. ~~~~~~ CHAPTER I. ON THE ELEVATION OF THE EASTERN COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA. Upraised Shells of La Plata — Bahia Blanca, Sand-dunes and Pumice-pebbles — Step-formed Plains of Patagonia, with upraised Shells — Terrace-bounded Valley of Santa Cruz, formerly a Sea-strait — Upraised Shells of Tierra del Fuego — Length and breadth of the elevated area — Equability of the movements, as shown by the similar heights of the plains — Slowness of the elevatory process — Mode of formation of the

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

CHAPTER I. ON THE ELEVATION OF THE EASTERN COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA. Upraised Shells of La Plata — Bahia Blanca, Sand-dunes and Pumice-pebbles — Step-formed Plains of Patagonia, with upraised Shells — Terrace-bounded Valley of Santa Cruz, formerly a Sea-strait — Upraised Shells of Tierra del Fuego — Length and breadth of the elevated area — Equability of the movements, as shown by the similar heights of the plains — Slowness of the elevatory process — Mode of formation of the step-formed plains

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

CHAPTER IV. ON THE FORMATIONS OF THE PAMPAS. Mineralogical constitution — Microscopical structure — Buenos Ayres, shells embedded in tosca-rock — B. Ayres to the Colorado — S. Ventana — Bahia Blanca; M. Hermoso, bones and infusoria of; P. Alta, shells, bones and infusoria of; co-existence of the recent shells and extinct mammifers — B. Ayres to St. Fé — Skeletons of Mastodon — Infusoria — Inferior marine tertiary strata, their age — Horse's tooth — Banda Oriental — Superficial Pampean

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

-water origin. Of the thirteen Phytolitharia, nine are met with in the two deposits in Bahia Blanca, where there is evidence from two other species of Polygastrica that the beds were accumulated in brackish water. The traces of corals, sponges, and polythalamia, found by Dr. Carpenter in the tosca-rock, (of which I must observe the greater number of specimens were from the upper beds in the southern parts of the formation), apparently show a more purely marine origin. At St. Fé Bajada, in Entre Rios

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

rock sloped into one of the quiet bays, there were no marks of erosion at the level of the water, and the parts both beneath and above it preserved a uniform curve. At Bahia, the gneiss rocks are * Spix and Martius have collected, in an Appendix to their Travels, the largest body of facts on this subject. See, also, some remarks by M. Lund, in his communications to the Academy at Copenhagen; and others by M. Gaudichaud, in Freycinet's Voyage. † Dr. Benza describes granitic rock (Madras Journal of

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

Pampean formation was deposited by a sea-debacle rushing over the land, I may state, on the authority of a letter to me, that these translations are incorrect. The following is the passage in question:— Durch Beachtung der mikroscopischen Formen hat sich nun feststellen lassen, dass die Mastodonten-Lager am La Plata und die Knochen-Lager am Monte Hermoso, so wie die der Riesen-Gürtelthiere in den Dünenhügeln bei Bahia Blanca, beides in Patagonien, unveränderte brakische Süsswasserbildungen sind, die

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

having examined the northern and middle parts of the eastern island, said that the formation was here wholly absent. † This volcanic formation will be described in Chapter IV. It is not improbable that the height of the upraised shells at the head of the estuary of the Plata, being greater than at Bahia Blanca or at San Blas, may be owing to the upheaval of these latter places having been connected with the distant line of the Cordillera, whilst that of the provinces of La Plata was in

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

. m.) .. 250 South of New Bay (ang. m.) .. 200 to 220 North of S. Josef (estim.) .. 200 to 300 Plain of Rio Negro (ang. m.) .. 200 to 220 Bahia Blanca (estim.) .. 200 to 300 The extension, moreover, of the 560 to 580, and of the 80 to 100 feet, plains is remarkable, though somewhat less obvious than in the former cases. Bearing in mind that I have not picked these measurements out of a series, but have used all those which represented the edges of plains, I think it scarcely possible that these

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

Jesuit Falkner and other authors‡ state that they occur at intervals over the vast plains extending from the mouth of the Plata to Rioja and Catamarca. Hence it is that during droughts, most of the streams in the Pampas are saline. I nowhere met with these incrustations so abundantly as near Bahia Blanca: square miles of the mud-flats, which near that place are raised only a few feet above the sea, just enough to protect them from being overflowed, appear, after dry weather, whiter than the ground

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

within the recent period, must lead to the suspicion that the common salt, by some unknown process, becomes in time changed into the sulphate. Friable calcareous matter is here abundant, and the case of the apparent double decomposition of the shells and salt on San Lorenzo, should not be forgotten. The saline incrustations, near Bahia Blanca, are not confined to, though most abundant on, the low muddy flats; for I noticed some on a calcareous plain between thirty and forty feet above the sea

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

my great surprise, find on the boundless surface of the calcareous plain even a single pebble. Quartz-pebbles, however, of considerable size have at some period been transported to a distance of between forty and fifty miles to the shores of Bahia Blanca.* The highest peak of the S. Ventana is, by Captain Fitzroy's measurement, 3340 feet, and the calcareous plain at its foot (from observations taken by some Spanish officers†) 840 feet above the sea-level. On the flanks of the mountains, at a

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

sandy. The beds are curvilinear, owing to the action of currents, and dip in different directions; they include an extraordinary number of bones of gigantic mammifers and many shells. The pebbles are of considerable size, and are of hard sandstone, and of quartz, like that of the Ventana: there are also a few well-rounded masses of tosca-rock. No. 15. — SECTION OF BEDS WITH RECENT SHELLS AND EXTINCT MAMMIFERS, AT PUNTA ALTA IN BAHIA BLANCA. The second bed (B) is about fifteen feet in thickness, but

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

being deposited, and before being wholly covered up by the gravel. Besides the remains in the condition here described, I found one single fragment of bone very much rolled, and as black as jet, so as perfectly to resemble some of the remains from Monte Hermoso. Very many of the bones had been broken, abraded, and rolled, before being embedded. Others, even some of those included in the coarsest parts of the now hard conglomerate, still retain all their * After having packed up my specimens at Bahia

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

like composition, at the level of the sea and under it, at M. Hermoso in Bahia Blanca. Dr. Carpenter finds that the harder varieties of tosca-rock, collected chiefly to the south, contain marine spongoid bodies, minute fragments of shells, corals, and polythalamia; these perhaps may have been drifted inwards by the tides, from the more open parts of the sea. The absence of shells, throughout this deposit, with the exception of the uppermost layers near Buenos Ayres, is a remarkable fact: can it

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

from the Southern United States of North America to Bahia Blanca, in lat. 39° S., on the coast of Patagonia. The fact of these animals having inhabited tropical and temperate regions, does not appear to me any great difficulty, seeing that at the Cape of Good Hope several quadrupeds, such as the elephant and hippopotamus, range from the equator to lat. 35° south. The case of the Mastodon Andium is one of more difficulty, for it is found from lat. 36° S., over, as I have reason to believe, nearly

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

on this eastern side of S. America, in lat. 40°, have perhaps a more tropical character than those in corresponding latitudes on the shores of Europe: for at Bahia Blanca and S. Blas, there are two fine species of Voluta, and four of Oliva. [page] 13

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

aided the deceptive appearance. At Bahia, in Brazil, we have seen that a true injected hornblendic dike, not only has suffered metamorphosis, but has been dislocated and even diffused in the surrounding gneiss, under the form of separate crystals and of fragments. Falkland Islands. — I have described these islands in a paper published in the third volume of the Geological Journal. The mountain-ridges consist of quartz, and the lower country of clay-slate and sandstone, the latter containing

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

of, 214 Clay-shale of Los Hornos, 209 Clayslate, formation of, T. del Fuego, 151 of Concepcion, 160 felspathic, of T. del Fuego, 153 Clayslate, felspathic, of Chile, 169, 172, 177 felspathic, in Cumbre Pass, 190, 194 felspathic, of Uspallata range, 196, 198 black siliceous, band of, in porphyritic formation of Chile, 173 Claystone-porphyry, formation of, in Chile, 170 origin of, 173 eruptive sources of, 232 Cleavage, definition of, 141 at Bahia, 141 Rio de Janeiro, 142 Maldonado, 144 Monte

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

the silver mines of Coquimbo, 211 on the fossils of Coquimbo, 215 D'Orbigny, M. A., on upraised shells of Monte Video, 2 on elevated shells at S. Pedro, 2 near. B. Ayres, 3 on elevation of S. Blas, 5 on the sudden elevation of La Plata, 17 on elevated shells near Cobija, 46 near Arica, 47 on the climate of Peru, 48 on salt deposits of Cobija, 70 on crystals of gypsum in salt-lakes, 74 on absence of gypsum in the Pampean formation, 78 on fossil remains from Bahia Blanca, 84, 86 on fossil remains

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

an earthquake-wave, 51 Gillies, Dr. on heights in the Cordillera, 176 on extension of the Portillo range, 186 Glen Roy, parallel roads of, 44 sloping terraces of, 65 Gneiss near Bahia, 140 of Rio de Janeiro, 142 decomposition of, 143 Gold, distribution of, 235 Gorodona, formations near, 87 Granite, axis of, oblique to foliation, 158 andesitic, 174 of Portillo range, 183 veins of, quartzose, 158, 204 pebble of, in porphyritic conglomerate, 222 conglomerate of, 227 Grauwacke of Uspallata range, 196

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

formation of, 90 crystalline rocks of, 144 Mammalia, fossil, of Bahia Blanca, 81, 84 near St. Fé, 89 of Banda Oriental, 92 at S. Julian, 95 at Port Gallegos, 117 [page] 27

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F273 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1846. Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co. Text Image PDF

to the south:—we have the two stations in Bahia Blanca, described in this chapter, where, at P. Alta, the Megatherium, Megalonyx, Scelidotherium, Mylodon, Holophractus (or an allied genus), Toxodon, Macrauchenia, and an Equus were collected; and at M. Hermoso a Ctenomys, Hydrochærus, some other rodents and the bones of a great megatheroid quadruped. Close north-east of the S. Tapalguen, we have the Rios Huesos (i. e. bones), which probably takes its name from large fossil bones. Near Villa Nuevo

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CUL-DAR39.128-129 Note: [1846.01.31] [List of Darwin's Bahia Blanca shells identified] Text Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [128] [in Darwin's handwriting:] Compare this with 8 Orby Mollucs vivants Toutes les …….. de la Bahia Blanca tout id ….. aun u….. follilis … Baie de San-Blas, et …. toutes vivants douis la mer vo…. par les meuin cotes. [passage mostly untranscribed] + 1. Volutella angulata, d'Orb. (viv. a la Bahia de San Blas) + 2 Voluta Braziliana, Soland. BB? — ug (d'Orb. moll. di l'am. Mer. et dans un Saliont del'amer. mer. + 3 Olivancilla brasilivum, d'Orb — ug

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F3449 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1847. [Extracts from notes on algae]. In Harvey, William Henry. 1847. Nereis Australis, or algae of the Southern Ocean: being figures and descriptions of marine plants, collected on the shores of the Cape of Good Hope, the extra-tropical Australian colonies, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Antarctic regions; deposited in the herbarium of the Dublin University. London: Reeve Brothers, pp. 109-10. Text Image PDF

Melobasia scabiosa Hab. On stones, at Bahia, Mr. Darwin. No. 3857. (v. s. in Herb. T. C. D.) A distinct and very common species, coating smooth surfaces in tidal pools: colour darkish. Darw. TAB. XLI. [Figs. 1-5

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A149 Periodical contribution: Hooker, J. D. 1847. An enumeration of the plants of the Galapagos Archipelago; with descriptions of those which are new. [Read 4 March, 6 May, and 16 December 1845]. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 20: 163-233. Text Image PDF

of this genus it is impossible to determine a solitary species. The present is also a plant of Bahia, and possibly not distinct from P. peploides. EUPHORBIACE . 69. EUPHORBIA PILULIFERA, Spr. (E. globulifera, H. B. K.) Kunth Synops. i. p. 386. Hab. James Island, Charles Darwin, Esq. I have the same state from South Brazil. Apparently a variety, with the stems naked, ascending below, and hairy above. 70. E. MACULATA, L. Hab. Charles Island, Charles Darwin, Esq. A very common plant in the warm

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F3449 Book contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1847. [Extracts from notes on algae]. In Harvey, William Henry. 1847. Nereis Australis, or algae of the Southern Ocean: being figures and descriptions of marine plants, collected on the shores of the Cape of Good Hope, the extra-tropical Australian colonies, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Antarctic regions; deposited in the herbarium of the Dublin University. London: Reeve Brothers, pp. 109-10. Text Image PDF

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 109 Melobesia mamillaris[…](TAB. XLI.) Hab. Bahia (Brazil) in tidal pools, Mr. Darwin, No. 3854, 3855, 3856; also Port Famine, Terra del Feugo, No. 1840, 99, 197; St. Jago, Cape Verde; Algoa Bay, Herb. Bowerbank. (v. s. in Herb. T. C. D. comm. cl. Darwin.) In one case I found a cone (ceramidium) placed on one side, instead of on the summit, of a branch. The greater number of the branches have white, rounded ends, and on some of these were

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A680 Review: Anon. 1847. [Review of] Geological observations made during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. British Quarterly Review 5: 358-387. Text PDF

such an embrace, could long withstand the efforts of its 'ponderous assailant.' Remains of several other allied genera of animals have also been found, which we cannot now describe. Along with them, at Punta Alta, near Bahia Blanca, there was a double piece, about three feet long and two wide, of the bony armour of a large quadruped like the armadillo. Its two sides were pressed nearly close together, and from between them parts of the feet were extracted, and hence one or more of the limbs must

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CUL-DAR60.2.98-102 Note: [Undated] G[enlisea] ornata / The leaves of Genlisea are of two kinds described by Text Image

Genlisea filiformis (Bahia) No bottle-bladders could be found — On rhizomes of specimens originally sent from Kew on those I took off the line sheets sent, utric-bladders were found— They are transparent, 1/100th of inch length — The outline is peculiar, the dorsal surface margin being straight while the ventral is curved— The antennæ have bear some large hairs (or branches?) are separate from each other down to base— The papillæ outside on outer surface are few there are a few but very large

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A586 Book: Lindley, John. 1853. The vegetable kingdom; or, the structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system. 3d ed. London: Bradbury & Evans. Text Image

given to Selaginella convoluta, Spring, also called Lycopodium squamptum, a plant remarkable for its hygrometrical properties, rolling up into a ball when dry and unrolling again when damped, is asserted by Martins, who found it abundantly in the provinces of Bahia and Pernambuco, to act upon the mucous mem* brane, especially of the uropoetic system. Potentiam virilem amissam ejus decocto reduci posse perfaibent, quo jure nescio. He, however, advises a full trial to be made of these and the East

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F339.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1854. A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. etc. etc. London: The Ray Society. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

, surface much corroded, smooth: alæ largely exposed, marked by lines of growth: radii not present; parietes on the under side often supported by pillars; orifice sub-hexagonal. Hab.—Southern shores of England, Ireland, Isle of Man, Mediterranean, Madeira, Cape de Verde Islands, Southern United States (Charlestown), West Indies, Brazil (Bahia), Rio Plata (Guritti Island), Red Sea, Philippine Archipelago, Coast of China, Gulf of Corea, Oregon or Northern California. This species is very widely

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F339.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1854. A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. etc. etc. London: The Ray Society. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

, being about half as long as the sack. In a specimen from La Plata, this organ ended rather more abruptly in a point than it did in other specimens. Mouth.—The crest of the labrum is usually hairy, but in a specimen from Bahia (Brazil) there were some very fine teeth. The palpi vary somewhat in shape, and sometimes have a row of bristles along their basal exterior margins. The mandibles usually have four main teeth, the lowest one being confluent with the inferior pectinated angle: in var. depressus

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

CHAPTER XXI. Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Great crateriform Ring of Mountains Hindoos St. Helena History of the Changes in the Vegetation Cause of the Extinction of Land Shells Ascension Variation in the imported Rats Volcanic Bombs Beds of Infusoria Bahia Brazil Splendour of Tropical Scenery Pernambuco Singular Reef Slavery Return to England Retrospect on our Voyage .. .. .. Page 483 INDEX .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 507 [page break

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

CHAPTER IV. Rio Negro Estancias attacked by the Indians Salt Lakes Flamingoes R. Negro to R. Colorado Sacred Tree Patagonian Hare Indian Families General Rosas Proceed to Bahia Blanca Sand Dunes Negro Lieutenant Bahia Blanca Saline Incrustations Punta Alta Zorillo .. Page 63 CHAPTER V. Bahia Blanca Geology Numerous gigantic extinct Quadrupeds Recent Extinction Longevity of Species Large Animals do not require a luxuriant Vegetation Southern Africa Siberian Fossils Two species of Ostrich Habits

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

CHAPTER IV. Rio Negro Estancias attacked by the Indians Salt Lakes Flamingoes R. Negro to R. Colorado Sacred Tree Patagonian Hare Indian Families General Rosas Proceed to Bahia Blanca Sand Dunes Negro Lieutenant Bahia Blanca Saline Incrustations Punta Alta Zorillo. RIO NEGRO TO BAHIA BLANCA. July 24th, 1833. The Beagle sailed from Maldonado, and on August the 3rd she arrived off the mouth of the Rio Negro. This is the principal river on the whole line of coast between the Strait of Magellan

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

CHAPTER V. Bahia Blanca Geology Numerous gigantic extinct Quadrupeds Recent Extinction Longevity of Species Large Animals do not require a luxuriant vegetation Southern Africa Siberian Fossils Two Species of Ostrich Habits of Oven-bird Armadilloes Venomous Snake, Toad, Lizard Hybernation of Animals Habits of Sea-Pen Indians Wars and Massacres Arrow-head, antiquarian Relic. BAHIA BLANCA. THE Beagle arrived here on the 24th of August, and a week afterwards sailed for the Plata. With Captain Fitz

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

flows into the head of Port Desire, and likewise with the Rio Chupat, on the banks of which masses of highly cellular scori were found by the officers employed in the survey. As it was early in the afternoon when we arrived, we took fresh horses, and a soldier for a guide, and started for the Sierra de la Ventana. This mountain is visible from the anchorage at Bahia Blanca; and Capt. Fitz Roy calculates its height to be 3340 feet an altitude very remarkable on this eastern side of the continent. I

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Porto Praya Ribeira Grande Atmospheric Dust with Infusoria Habits of a Sea-slug and Cuttle-fish St. Paul's Rocks, non-volcanic Singular Incrustations Insects the first Colonists of Islands Fernando Noronha Bahia Burnished Rocks Habits of a Diodon Pelagic Conferv and Infusoria Causes of discoloured Sea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Page 1 CHAPTER II. Rio de Janeiro Excursion north of Cape Frio Great Evaporation Slavery Botofogo Bay Terrestrial Planari Clouds on the Corcovado

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

appearance of luxuriance. Half-way up the mountain, some great masses of the columnar rock, shaded by laurel-like trees, and ornamented by others covered with fine pink flowers but without a single leaf, gave a pleasing effect to the nearer parts of the scenery. BAHIA, OR SAN SALVADOR. BRAZIL, Feb. 29th. The day has past delightfully. Delight itself, however, is a weak term to express the feelings of a naturalist who, for the first time, has wandered by himself in a Brazilian forest. The elegance of

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

When we were at Bahia, an elater or beetle (Pyrophorus luminosus, Illig.) seemed the most common luminous insect. The light in this case was also rendered more brilliant by irritation. I amused myself one day by observing the springing powers of this insect, which have not, as it appears to me, been properly described.* The elater, when placed on its back and preparing to spring, moved its head and thorax backwards, so that the pectoral spine was drawn out, and rested on the edge of its sheath

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

aware of the posta, our black friend and his four soldiers would assuredly have been slaughtered. I did not any where meet a more civil and obliging man than this negro; it was therefore the more painful to see that he would not sit down and eat with us. In the morning we sent for the horses very early, and started for another exhilarating gallop. We passed the Cabeza del Buey, an old name given to the head of a large marsh, which extends from Bahia Blanca. Here we changed horses, and passed

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F20 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text. Text Image PDF

a hundred reasons why they could not have been Indians; but all these were forgotten at the time. We then rode on in peace and quietness to a low point called Punta Alta, whence we could see nearly the whole of the great harbour of Bahia Blanca. The wide expanse of water is choked up by numerous great mud-banks, which the inhabitants call Cangrejales, or crabberies, from the number of small crabs. The mud is so soft that it is impossible to walk over them, even for the shortest distance. Many