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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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hidden beneath volcanic mountains warm mineral springs the wide expanse and depths of the ocean the upper regions of the atmosphere, and even the surface of perpetual snow all support organic beings. To the northward of the Rio Negro, between it and the inhabited country near Buenos Ayres, the Spaniards have only one small settlement, recently established at Bahia Blanca. The distance in a straight line to Buenos Ayres is very nearly five hundred British miles. The wandering tribes of horse
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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the capital. As the Beagle intended to call at Bahia Blanca, I determined to proceed there by land; and ultimately I extended my plan to travel the whole way by the postas to Buenos Ayres. August 11th. Mr. Harris, an Englishman residing at Patagones, a guide, and five Gauchos, who were proceeding to the army on business, were my companions on the journey. The Colorado, as I have already said, is nearly eighty miles distant: and as we travelled slowly, we were two days and a half on the road
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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considerably more abundant there formerly than at present. Where the Bizcacha lives and makes its burrows, the Agouti uses them; but where, as at Bahia Blanca, the Bizcacha is not found, the Agouti burrows for itself. The same thing occurs with the little owl of the Pampas (Athene cunicularia), which has so often been described as standing like a sentinel at the mouth of the burrows; for in Banda Oriental, owing to the absence of the Bizcacha, it is obliged to hollow out its own habitation. The
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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interview passed away without a smile, and I obtained a passport and order for the government post-horses, and this he gave me in the most obliging and ready manner. In the morning we started for Bahia Blanca, which we reached in two days. Leaving the regular encampment, we passed by the toldos of the Indians. These are round like ovens, and covered with hides; by the mouth of each, a tapering chuzo was stuck in the ground. The toldos were divided into separate groups, which belonged to the different
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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-houses; and, as the fresh horses were grazing at a distance, we determined to pass the night there. The house was situated at the base of a ridge, between one and two hundred feet high a most remarkable feature in this country. This posta was commanded by a negro lieutenant, born in Africa: to his credit be it said, there was not a rancho [page] 76 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP. I
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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, and hence, of course, was without water. Yet many of the smaller rodents managed to exist even here, and the tucutuco was making its odd little grunt beneath my head, during half the night. Our horses were very poor ones, and in the morning they were soon exhausted from not having had any thing to drink, so that we were obliged to walk. About noon the dogs [page] 78 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP. IV
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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at all, and was astonished that one day's deprivation should be so troublesome to me. I have several times alluded to the surface of the ground being incrusted with salt. This phenomenon is quite different from that of the salinas, and more extraordinary. In many parts of South America, wherever the climate is moderately dry, these incrustations occur; but I have nowhere seen them so abundant as near Bahia Blanca. The salt here, and in other parts of Patagonia, consists chiefly of sulphate of
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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last, bursting out in laughter, exclaimed, Mugeres! (women !) He knew them to be the wife and sister-in-law of the major's son, hunting for ostrich's eggs. I have described this man's conduct, because he acted under the full impression that they were Indians. As soon, however, as the absurd mistake was found out, he gave me [page] 80 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP. IV
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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sloths, to which they are intimately related, they subsisted by climbing back downwards on trees, and feeding on the leaves. It was a bold, * Principles of Geology, vol. iv. p. 40. This theory was first developed in the Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, and subsequently in Professor Owen's Memoir on Mylodon robustus. G 2 [page] 84 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP. V
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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existing one; but this would have been an erroneous inference, for some of these same shells live on the luxuriant coast of Brazil; and generally, the character of the inhabitants of the sea are useless as guides to judge of those on the land. Nevertheless, from the following considerations, I do not believe that the simple fact of many gigantic quadrupeds having lived on the plains round Bahia Blanca, is [page] 85 FOOD OF LARGE QUADRUPEDS. 1833
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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fact that bullock-waggons can travel in any direction, excepting near the coast, without more than occasionally half an hour's delay in cutting down bushes, gives, perhaps, a more definite * I mean by this to exclude the total amount, which may have been successively produced and consumed during a given period. [page] 86 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP. V
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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swimming. The inhabitants of the country readily distinguish, even at a distance, the cock bird from the hen. The former is larger and darker-coloured, and has a bigger head. The ostrich, I believe the cock, emits a singular, deep-toned, hissing note: when first I heard it, standing in the midst of some sand-hillocks, I thought it was made by some wild beast, for it is a sound that one cannot tell whence it comes, or from how far distant. When we were at Bahia Blanca in the months of September and
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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believe, not greater on an average than the number laid by one female in the season, then there must be as many nests as females, and each cock bird will have its fair share of the labour of incubation; and that during a period when the * Burchell's Travels, vol. i. p. 280. Azara, vol. iv. p. 173. [page] 92 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP. V
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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distinct mouth, body, and tentacula. Of these polypi, in a large specimen, there must be many thousands; yet we see that they act by one movement: they have also one central axis connected with a system of obscure circulation, and the ova are produced in an organ distinct from the separate individuals.* Well may one be * The cavities leading from the fleshy compartments of the extremity, H 2 [page] 100 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP. V
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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cacique. The Spaniard who brought the orders for this expedition was a very intelligent man. He gave me an account of the last engagement at which he was present. Some Indians, who had been taken prisoners, gave information of a tribe living north of the [page] 102 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP V
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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the shores of Bahia Blanca, and near the settlement, there were some of quartz, which certainly must have come from this source: the distance is forty-five miles. The dew, which in the early part of the night wetted the saddle-cloths under which we slept, was in the morning frozen. The plain, though appearing horizontal, had insensibly sloped up to a height of between 800 and 900 feet above the sea. In the morning (9th of September) the guide told me to ascend the nearest ridge, which he
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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much mat, and smoking several cigaritos, soon made up my bed for the night. The wind was very strong and cold, but I never slept more comfortably. September 10th. In the morning, having fairly scudded before the gale, we arrived by the middle of the day at the Sauce posta. On the road we saw great numbers of deer, and near the [page] 110 BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES. [CHAP. VI
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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soldiers. The latter were strange beings; the first a fine young negro; the second half Indian and negro; and the two others nondescripts; namely, an old Chilian miner, the colour of mahogany, and another partly a mulatto; but two such mongrels, with such detestable expressions, I never saw before. At night, when they were sitting round the fire, and playing at cards, I retired to [page] 112 BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES. [CHAP. VI
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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party separated, and so arranged their plans, that at a certain time of the day (in guessing which they show much skill) they should all meet from different points of the compass on a plain piece of ground, and thus drive together the wild animals. One day I went out hunting at Bahia Blanca, [page] 133 HOSPITALITY. 1833
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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leagues, we came to a low swampy country, which extends for nearly eighty miles northward, as far as the Sierra Tapalguen. In some parts there were fine damp plains, covered with grass, while others had a soft, black, and peaty soil. There * Two species of Tinamus, and Eudromia elegans of A. d'Orbigny, which can only be called a partridge with regard to its habits. I [page] 114 BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES. [CHAP. VI
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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was told that at Tandeel, some troops voluntarily pursued a party of Indians for three days, without eating or drinking. We saw in the shops many articles, such as horsecloths, belts, * Fauna Boreali-Americana, vol. i. p. 35. [page] 118 BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES. [CHAP. V
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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was removed, was like a great cauldron; I found also teeth of the Toxodon and Mastodon, and one tooth of a Horse, in the same stained and decayed state. This latter tooth greatly interested me,* and I took scrupulous care in ascertaining that it had been embedded contemporaneously with the other remains; for I was not then aware that amongst the fossils from Bahia Blanca there was a horse's tooth hidden in the matrix: nor was it then known with certainty that the remains of horses are common in
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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Megatherium, Megalonyx, and Mylodon. Within nearly this same periods (as proved by the shells at Bahia Blanca) South America possessed, as we have just seen, a mastodon, horse, hollow-horned ruminant, and the same three genera (as well as several others) of the Edentata. Hence it is evident that North and South America, in having within a late geological period these several genera in common, were much more closely related in the character of their terrestrial inhabitants than they now are. * This is
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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manners pervading every rank of life, the excellent taste displayed by the women in their dresses, and the equality amongst all ranks. At the Rio Colorado some men who kept the humblest shops used to dine with General Rosas. A son of a major at Bahia Blanca gained his livelihood by making paper cigars, and he wished to accompany me, as guide or servant, to Buenos Ayres, but his father objected on the score of the danger alone. Many officers in the army can neither read nor write, yet all meet in
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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none at all. In the middle of the day they frequently roll in the dust, in saucer-shaped hollows. The males fight together; two one day passed quite close to me, squealing and trying to bite each other; and several were shot with their hides deeply scored. Herds sometimes appear to set out on exploring parties: at Bahia Blanca, where, within thirty miles of the coast, these animals are extremely unfrequent, I one day saw the tracks of thirty or forty, which had come in a direct line to a muddy
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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boulders were brought into latitudes at which icebergs now never arrive: from conclusive but indirect reasons we may feel sure, that in the southern hemisphere the Macrauchenia, also, lived long subsequently to the ice-transporting boulder-period. Did man, after his first inroad into South America, destroy, as has been suggested, the unwieldy Megatherium and the other Edentata? We must at least look to some other cause for the destruction of the little tucutuco at Bahia Blanca, and of the many
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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analogous species in the northern hemisphere. A large Voluta is abundant in southern Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands. At Bahia Blanca, in lat 39 S., the most abundant shells were three species of Oliva (one of large size), one or two Volutas, and a Terebra. Now these are amongst the best characterised tropical forms. It is doubtful whether even one small species of Oliva exists on the southern shores of Europe, and there are no species of the two other genera. If a geologist were to
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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flows from the mountains, and it soon becomes absorbed by the dry and porous soil; so that, although we travelled at the distance of only ten or fifteen miles from the outer range of the Cordillera, we did not cross a single stream. In many parts the ground was incrusted with a saline efflorescence; hence we had the same salt-loving plants, which are common near Bahia Blanca. The landscape has a uniform [page] 329 SWARM OF LOCUSTS. 1835
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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Macrauchenia was a living beast; but as the Patagonian coast is some way distant from the Cordillera, the rising there may have been slower than here. At Bahia Blanca, the elevation has been only a few feet since the numerous gigantic quadrupeds were there entombed; and, according to the generally received opinion, when these extinct animals were living, man did not exist. But the rising of that part of the coast of Patagonia, is perhaps noways connected with the Cordillera, but rather with a line of old
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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of, 117 Puna, or short respiration, 322 Punta Alta, Bahia Blanca, 81 Gorda, 129, 356 Pyrophorus luminosus, 31 Quadrupeds, fossil, 81, 127, 130, 155, 173 , large, do not require luxuriant vegetation, 85 , weight of, 87 Quartz of the Ventana, 109 of Tapalguen, 116 of Falkland Island, 196 Quedius, 10 Quillota, valley of, 254 Quintero, 254 Quiriquina Island, 302 2 L 2 [page] 516 INDEX
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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two tapirs together, 550 for the guanaco and vicuna, 500 for three deer, 300 for the capybara, peccari, and a monkey, we shall have an average of 250 pounds, which I believe is over-stating the result. The ratio will therefore be as 6048 to 250, or 24 to 1, for the ten largest animals from the two continents. [page] 88 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP. V
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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translation), p. 314. [page] 94 BAHIA BLANCA. [CHAP. V
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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these we gathered and brought home many. During my stay at Bahia Blanca, while waiting for the Beagle, the place was in a constant state of excitement, from rumours of wars and victories, between the troops of Rosas and the wild Indians. One day an account came that a small party forming one of the postas on the line to Buenos Ayres, had been found all murdered. The next day three hundred men arrived from the Colorado, under the command of Commandant Miranda. A large portion of these men were
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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his head out to see what was the matter, received a severe cut, and now wore a bandage. The storm was said to have been of limited extent: we certainly saw from our last night's bivouac a dense cloud and lightning in this direction. It is marvellous how such strong animals as deer could thus have been killed; but I have no doubt, from the evidence I have given, that the story is not in the least exaggerated. I am glad, I 2 [page] 116 BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES. [CHAP. VI
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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mentioned a few lines lower down, under the title of giant thistle. Whether it is a true thistle, I do not know; but it is quite different from the cardoon; and more like a thistle properly so called. [page] 120 BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES. [CHAP. VI
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F3514
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1863. [German translation of portions of: Zoology (pt 2, pp. 10-12, pt 4, p. 151), Coral reefs, Journal of researches 2d ed., South America, Origin & Orchids]. In J. Schönemann, Charles Darwin, englischer Naturforscher. Unsere Zeit. Jahrbuch zum Conversations-Lexikon 7: 699-718.
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Kajüte hatte, bemerkte ich, daß er im Dunkeln etwas leuchtete. Sehr charakteristisch ist folgende, verschiedene Gegenstände umfassende Notiz Darwin's, datirt Bahia oder San-Salvador in Brasilien 29. Febr. 1832: Den Tag auf eine höchst vergnügliche Weise verbracht. Vergnügen ist aber ein sehr schwacher Ausdruck, um das Gefühl eines Naturfreundes zu schildern, der zum ersten mal sich allein in einem Walde Brasiliens ers gangen. Die Zierlichkeit der Gräser, die Neuheit der parasitischen Pflanzen, die
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F3514
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1863. [German translation of portions of: Zoology (pt 2, pp. 10-12, pt 4, p. 151), Coral reefs, Journal of researches 2d ed., South America, Origin & Orchids]. In J. Schönemann, Charles Darwin, englischer Naturforscher. Unsere Zeit. Jahrbuch zum Conversations-Lexikon 7: 699-718.
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schrillen Geschrei einander zu beißen versuchten; auch schossen wir mehrere, deren Häute tiefe Löcher hatten. Es scheint, daß mitunter Heerden auf Erforschungsreisen ausgehen. Zu Bahia Blanca, wo innerhalb 30 Meilen von der Küfte diese Thiere sehr selten waren, sah ich eines Tages Spuren von 30 oder 40 derfelben, die in gerader Richtung auf einen moraftigen Salzwasserpfuhl zu gegangen waren. Dann müssen sie bemerkt haben, daß sie sich dem Meere näherten, denn sie schwenkten mit
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F1856
Book contribution:
[Darwin, C. R.] Charles Robert Darwin [with photographic portrait]. In L. Reeve and Edward Walford eds. 1866. Portraits of men of eminence in literature, science, and art with biographical memoirs. The photographs from life, by Ernest Edwards, B. A. London: Lovell Reeve & Co., vol. 5, pp. 49-52.
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The 'Beagle' sailed from England December 27th, 1831, and returned on the 27th October, 1836. During this absence of nearly five years, a survey of South America was made, Bahia, Rio Janeiro, Monte Video, St. Julian and Santa Cruz, with the Falkland Islands and Tierra del Fuego were visited on the one hand, Valparaiso, Lima, the Pacific Islands, New Zealand, Australia, and the Mauritius on the other.1 In 1834 this eminent naturalist was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1839 Mr. Darwin
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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4(W) INDICE CAPITOLO IV. Da Rio Negro a Bahia Bianca. Rio Negro — Podere assalito dagli Indiani — Laghi salati — Fenicotteri — Rio Netrro e Rio Colorado — Albero sacro — Lepre della PatagonJa — Famiglie indiane — Il generale Rosas — Proseguimento verso Bahia Bianca — Duue ii sabbia — Luogotenente nero — Bahia Bianca — Incrostazioni saline — Punta Alta — Zorillo.....Pag- Ci CAPITOLO V. Bahia Bianca. Rahia Rlanra. — Geologia — Numerosi quadrupedi giganteschi estinti Estinzione recente
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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6) CAPITOLO IV. Rio Negro — Podere assalito dagli Indiani — Laghi salati — Fenicotteri — Rio Negro e Rio Colorado — Albero sacro — Lepre della Patagonia — Famiglie indiaue — Il generale Rosas — Proseguimento verso Bahia Bianca — Dune di sabbia — Luogotenente nero — Bahia Bianca — Incrostazioni saline — Punta Alta = Zorill«. Da Rio Negro a Bahia Biacca. 24 luglio 1833. — La nave Beagle salpò da Maldonado, ed il 3 agosto giunse innanzi alla foce del Rio Negro. Questo è il fiume principale di
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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72 BAHIA BLANCA Al mattino mandammo di buon'ora a cercare i cavalli, e si partì per un'altra allegra galoppata. Passammo la Cabeza del Buey, vecchio nome dato al capo di una grande palude, che si estende da Bahia Bianca. Colà si cambiarono i cavalli, e si passò per alcune leghe in mezzo a paludi e maremme salate. Dopo aver cambiato un'ultima volta i cavalli, si ricominciò a sguazzare nel fango. La mia cavalcatura cadde, e fui ben concio di melma nera, incidente sgradevolissimo, quando non s'ha
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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paese mi dissero che quando eraro fanciulli avevano tentato di scovare il nido, ma erano appena riusciti a giungere in fondo al passaggio. L'uccello preferisce un banco di terreno sabbioso compatto, sul margine di una strada o di un corso d'acqua. Qui (a Bahia Bianca) i muri intorno alle case sono fatti di fango indurito; ed osservai che quello che circondava il cortile del mio alloggio, era forato da scavi rotondi in parecchi punti. Avendo chiesto al proprietario la causa di ciò, egli me la diede
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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77 CAPITOLO* V. Bahia Bianca — Geologia — Numerosi quadrupedi giganteschi estinti - Estinzione recente — Longevità delle specie — I grossi animali non hanno bisogno di una rigogliosa vegetazione — Africa meridionale — Fossili della Siberia — Due specie di struzzi — Costumi dell'uccello fornaio — Armadilli — Serpenti velenosi, rospo, lucertola — Letargo degli animali — Costumi della penna di mare — Guerra degli Iadiani e massacri — Punte di freccio — Reliquie antichissime. Bahia Bianca. La
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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97 Ti .1 . ---------- ... ~^— - , i „, CAPITOLO VI. Partenza per Baenoa-Ayres — Rio Sance — Sierra Ventana — Terza pnsta — Cavalli da tiro — Bolas — Pernici e Volpi — Profilo del paese — Piviere dalle lunghe gambe — Terutero — Uragano di grandine — Recinti naturali nella Sierra Tapalguen — Carne di Pnma — Regime di carne — Guardia del Monte — Effetti del bestiame sulla vegetazione — Cardi — Buenos-Ayres — Corrai dove si macella il bestiame. Da Bahia Bianca a Buenos-Ayres. Settembre 8. — Presi
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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IN*DTOE ALFABETICO 437 II Baokman, sig., intorno agli avoltoi Bahia Bianca .... — Brasile .... — suo paesaggio. Balbi, intorno agli scogli coralligeni Balene, loro olio — che saltano fuori dell'acqua Ballenab, Chili Banda Orientai. Banks, collina .... Basaltico, altipiano di Santa Cruz Bathurst, Australia . Becco a cesoie . . . Behbing (stretto di), suoi fossili. Benohuca ..... Berkeley, golfo di . Berkeley, sig., intorno alle conferve — intorno alla Cyttaria Bibron (signor) .... Bien-te-veo
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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...... ...» 14 — di Bahia Bianca ......... * 77 — dei Pampas..........j 116 — del Brasile..........» 18 Georgia, suo clima ......... „ 218 Geospiza ..........329,341 Gesso, grandi distese di........ a 278 — in un lago salato ..... » 64 — nei giacimenti terziari della Patagonia .... » 151 — ad Iquique col sale........ » 315 — a Lima colle conchiglie....... » 319 Ghiacciai nella Terra del Fuoco...... j9g 216 — nelle Cordigliere........ % 285 — nella lat. 46° 407........ !» 216 Ghiacci natanti..........jyg
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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Proteo, sua cecità.......... » 51 Protococcus nivalis.......... » 281 Pteroptochos, due specie di esso........ » 235 — specie di esso.......... » 251 Piiffinus cinereus........... » 252 Pvffinuria Berardìi ........... 253 Puma, suoi costumi.........121,162,234 — sua carne........... » 106 Punà, o respirazione affannosa........ » 281 Pungenti (animali).......... » 399 Punta alta, Bahia Bianca......... » 77 — Gorda........... 112,309 Pyrophorus luminosus.......... » 32 Quadrupedi fossili.......77,114
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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., Andrea, intorno al cibo — intorno ai ciottoli perforati Società, condizione di essa alla Piata — condizione di essa nell'Austral — Arcipelago — fenomeni vulcanici . Soda (nitrato di) Solfato di calce — di soda con sale comune . — di soda che fa incrostazioni Sollevamento delle coste del Chili — Bahia Bianca . — Patagonia — Pampas .... — delle catene di monti — delle Cordigliere — delle spiaggie madreporiche — del Perù .... — durante il periodo umano. Sorgenti calde .... Spaccature negli scogli
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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À5\) INDICE Gli editori ..................... f'a J- 3 Prefazione del traduttoue.................. * ^ CAPITOLO I. Sani'lago — Isole del Capo Verde. l'orto I'raya — Ribeira Grande — Polvere atmosferica con Infusori! — Costumi di una Aplisia, e di una Sappia — Roccie di San Paolo, non vulcaniche — Singolari incrostazioni — Gl'insetti, primi coloni delle isole Fernando Noronha — Bahia — Roccie bruuite — Costumi di un Diodonte — Conferve ed Iufusorii pelasgici — Cause dello scoloramento del mare
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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dei topi importati — Bombe vulcaniche — Giacimenti d'infasorii — Bahia — Brasile — Splendore dei paesaggi dei tropici — Fernambuco — Singolare scoglio — Schiavitù — Ritorno in Inghilterra — Occhiata retrospettiva al nostro viaggio . . ...... .............» il 5 [page break
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