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port, ready for sea; he had better embark for Bahia, and take those persons with him who were marked for popular vengeance: as soon as it was known that he and the other obnoxious individuals were removed, the insurgents would be satisfied, the people would escape the horrors with which they were now menaced, order would be restored, and he had good reason to expect that the King would approve his conduct in retiring, as the most judicious which under such circumstances could have been chosen

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

CHAP. XXXII. 1710. ruling party; and the utmost vigilance was exerted to prevent any counterstatements from finding their way there. Every vessel that sailed for Bahia, or the Azores, or for any other part from whence intelligence might be conveyed to the Court, was rigourously searched, and private letters were examined with so little reserve or decency, that the manner was more offensive than the act. But while this odious authority was exercised for factious purposes, there was a total

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

situation of the French. The forts were now surrendered with a facility dishonourable to those by whom they were commanded. The Governor meantime collected his troops, and entrenched himself about a league from the city, expecting a reinforcement from the Mines, whither he had sent to inform Albuquerque of the danger, and perhaps thinking it probable, that the same course of circumstances might ensue as had followed upon the capture of Bahia by Willekens and Heyne; .. but conquest had been the

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

CHAP. XXXIII. 1711. trance into that port would produce consequences easily to be foreseen, and greatly injurious to that commerce, which Portugal was now determined upon reserving wholly to itself. From these perplexities they were relieved by the next advices. Pedro de Vasconcellos Governor. Impost of ten per cent. Insurrection at Bahia. The disturbances in Pernambuco, and the two invasions of the Rio, occurred while D. Louren o de Almada was Governor General: he was superseded by Pedro de

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

CHAP. XXXIII. 1712. their own doors; where they would not have been more able, or more likely to have resisted him, than their countrymen at the Rio. Office of the Juiz do Povo abolished at Bahia. Marquez de Angeja Viceroy. 1714. Rocha Pitta. 9. 114 119. 10. 5 6. The Juiz do Povo became so arrogant in consequence of these proceedings, that he attempted to interfere in all public business, in order that the interests of his people, as he called them, might not suffer; and upon every occasion

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

were addressed to the Bishop of Bahia, notwithstanding his distance from the scene. He was charged immediately to recall this man, and proceed against him as his offences deserved: in case these orders should be neglected, then, and not till then, the Governor of the Mines was authorized and enjoined to seize the criminal. Regulation respecting arms. Carta Regia, 24 July, 1711. MS. Ordem. 28 March, MS. When S. Paulo and the Mines were separated from the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, it was left to

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Carvalho de Aguiar; and the conquest seems now to have been thought compleat, for it was made a Captaincy, and the town of N. Senhora da Victoria de Moxa founded, to be the seat of Government. In ecclesiastical concerns the new Captaincy was made subordinate to Pernambuco, in civil affairs to Maranham, while for judicial matters it was under the jurisdiction of Bahia. The Lord of Pancas held the government of Maranham during the long term of eleven years, and was then succeeded by Bernardo Pereira de

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putting an end to the continual acts of injustice, and consequent contention, which arose from this practice. A power of deciding summarily in such cases was requisite; because, while suits were pending at Bahia, or, perhaps, at Lisbon, the Mines remained unworked, and the revenue suffered. The Guardas Menores, therefore, were empowered to allot the water, according to the means of the miners; and an appeal lay from them to the Superintendant of the Comarca. No person might appropriate the waters

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centre of his column, where it killed and wounded so many men, that a general panic ensued and the intention was abandoned; and the Spaniards, not chusing to venture upon any more perilous service, contented themselves with cannonading and bombarding the town. Walpole Papers. MSS. Silvestre Ferreira. 72 90. 1736. The siege converted into a blockade. Early in the new year succours arrived successively from the Rio, Bahia, and Pernambuco, more than a thousand men. Upon the arrival of the first

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extensive region behind the Captaincies of Bahia and Piauhy, which now forms the Captaincy General of Goyaz; and from Cuyaba the Portugueze continued to advance, on the one side in a direction which brought them nearer to the Chiquito and Moxo Missions; on the other they came upon the great western branch of the Tocantins and its tributary streams; and they secured for Portugal, a country containing not less than two hundred thousand square miles, which is now the Captaincy of Mato Grosso. Avizo. 5

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80,000 l.) in a fleet of thirty canoes. They had reached the Bahia de Ingaiba, a large bay formed where the Cuyaba joins the Paraguay; and there, as the men were carelessly taking their meal, and suffering the boats to glide with the stream, they were awakened from their security by the dreadful huru of the combined Indians. The Portugueze sold their lives dearly, and it is believed that more than four hundred of the natives perished in the action; but only seventeen of the Portugueze escaped

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found them blameless in that point, and in all others highly useful and meritorious. Eighty of the most respectable persons in Bahia subscribed this attestation; and among them was a brother of the Cardinal Patriarch. The Archbishop at the same time informed the Court, that he had not obeyed the order to suspend the Jesuits from their functions; because a residence of nineteen years upon his See had enabled him to know their real character, and appreciate the good which they performed, and he could

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death, and the disgrace of Pombal; when, after a confinement of eighteen years, they were set at liberty. The others, as they arrived in the Tagus, were transferred to other ships, not being permitted to set foot on shore, nor to communicate with friend 11 The author of the Aneddoti carries the Jesuits from S. Paulo to Bahia, and embarks them there for the Rio! This is not the only instance in which he betrays his ignorance of the topography of Brazil. [page] 54

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the facilities for extracting gold without paying the duties increased in the same proportion. The temptation to evade the impost was so strong, that severe laws and strict inspection were not suffi 22 In the outward bound fleet of the same year, there were thirty large ships for the Rio, and ten for Maranham. Of the numbers for Bahia and Pernambuco I have no account; for the former port they would be nearly, or quite as numerous, as for the Rio; for the latter, more numerous than for Maranham

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they failed in showing a just cause why they should be admitted, they were forthwith to be sent out of the district as suspicious persons, if they were not found deserving of severer punishment. It was known that traders and contrabandists introduced themselves into the Arrayaes; sometimes with the pretext of passing through; sometimes under pretence of collecting debts, either for themselves or others; sometimes as travelling slave-dealers, like those who frequented Bahia and the Rio once or

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CHAP XLII 1771 known establishment, or ostensible means of life, were consequently to be suspected of living by some secret practices, and therefore to be expelled. Should they return, they were to be imprisoned for six months at the Rio or Bahia, at their own cost, and pay a reward of fifty oitavas to the persons who informed against them. For the second offence, the fine was to be doubled, and the offender transported to Angola for ten years. 40. 41. If the Administrators had well-grounded

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, whose cone is thrice the size of the European one, the colour of the silk a, deep yellow; it feeds upon the pinheira, or atta, which is an indigenous tree, and upon the leaves of the orange. Cazal. 2. 260. 262. 269. Difficult communication with the south by sea. The navigation of this coast is so difficult from north to south, both wind and current setting in from the south, that it is easier for Para and Maranham to communicate with Lisbon, than with the Rio or Bahia, by sea: and for that

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

sufficed for managing an estate of this extent. Part of their duty is to destroy the wild cattle and horses, that they may not decoy away the tame, or render them unmanageable. If the owner has no slaves, Mulattos, Mamalucos, and free Blacks, who abound in the Sertoens of Seara, Pernambuco, and Bahia, and particularly about the Rio S. Francisco in the higher part of its course, are eager to obtain employment in these farms. These men, who hate any other labour, are passionately fond of this way of

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

upon the Lagoas, had increased to a large town, which was the capital of a flourishing Comarca. In the early part of the eighteenth century, the average yearly exportation of tobacco from this district was two thousand five hundred rolls, of eight arrobas each, .. almost two hundred weight; and this of such quality, as to bear a price fifty per cent. higher than the tobacco of Bahia. Latterly its culture had given place to that of the sugar cane. Towns and villages were rapidly increasing in this

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

CHAP. XLIV. Cazal. 2. 189. Do. 1. 159. Do. 2. 186. Town of O Penedo. Cazal. 2. 182. above one thousand families. The S. Francisco at this point is a mile broad, and the passage there is much frequented, being in the line from Piauhy and the whole intermediate Sertam, to Bahia and the Mines. Thus far barks are used upon the river, and ajojos, which are two or more canoes fastened together and connected by a platform. From Vargem Redonda there is a long portage of twenty leagues, to Canind ; the

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continued at Bahia: and at the time of the Removal, the towns and settlements along the coast, for twenty leagues to the south of the town of Ilheos, were almost depopulated. The tribes, who had attained this ascendancy over the Brazilians were the Patachos, or Cotochos, and the Mongoyos. Many hordes of the latter were reduced in consequence of the expedition down the Rio Pardo, in 1806; their fear of the Botucudos (the terrible Aymores) inducing them to take shelter in civilization; .. as the Muras of

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CHAP. XLIV. Cazal. 1. 36. Lindley. 213 220. Villa Verde. Cazal. 2. 81. Caravellas. Cazal. 2. 83. 77. Do. 83. Lindley. 229. a steep eminence, and the forest behind all. The greater part of the inhabitants are engaged in the garoupa fishery,.. a fish about two palms long, very thick in proportion to its length, red, and without scales; the flesh is white, and esteemed a delicacy when fresh: it is salted for the Bahia market. They are caught off the Abrolhos; and about fifty decked launches were

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. The Reconcave of the Rio, though less extensive than that of Bahia, was not less populous in proportion, and had the same advantage of numerous streams; some navigable for three or four miles only, others for as many leagues; the Macacu 29, which 29 Upon this river, and in the most fertile part of the country, a certain Andre da Costa settled some poor families, in theyear 1718, upon an estate of two square leagues, which he devised to them in perpetuity, making it unalienable, and requiring

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trade with Para failed, that with Bahia and the Rio was carried on by enterprizing men, upon borrowed capital, for which they paid from ten to twenty per cent. interest at Villa Bella. Large profits are required to cover this drawback, and the expenses of the journey (a distance of six hundred leagues, which occupied five months): they dealt therefore chiefly in articles of luxury and high price, upon which they could lay on forty or fifty per cent. In this manner they amassed fortunes, to the

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other instrument than the hands; and these same women excel in making lace, and in embroidery. Both sexes were proud of their European extraction; but even the higher class of women were barefoot. The ports on this side had declined greatly, in consequence of the restriction, which prohibited them from sending their produce to any other port than Santos. Cananea. Southward of Bahia de Santos, is the little town of Cananea, pleasantly situated in an island close to the main. One of the stone