F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

The South Atlantic: Showing the position of the Falkland Islands. Note: Cape Town, St Helena and Ascension Island were visited by IIMS Beagle on the return voyage towards England in 1836. [page viii

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

Figure 2.2. Sketch-map of the western end of Berkeley Sound, showing places mentioned in the text. The anchor symbols show the anchorages of HMS Beagle. [page] 2

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

Chapter 2 The Chronology of Charles Darwin'svisits to the Falkland Islands (1) The First Visit Figure 2.1 The Beagle at the mouth of Berkeley Sound, East Falkland, from R FitzRoy's Narrative of the Voyage. In the early afternoon of Friday 1 March 1833, His Majesty's Surveying Sloop Beagle, in the face of a brisk west-sou'-west force five breeze was tacking up the long inlet of Berkeley Sound, East Falkland (Fig 2.1). Progress in the preceding 24 hours had been good: at noon on 28 February the

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

Falklands observations are in the books numbered 1.14 [1833] and 1.8 [1834]).1 Also used were the log of HMS Beagle, now in the care of the Public Record Office, Kew (at ADM 51/3054), the original hydrographic charts and reports of Captain Robert FitzRoy, Commander of the Beagle, now held by the Ministry of Defence Hydrographic Department (formerly the Royal Navy Hydrographic Office), at Taunton. The original draft of a set of Sailing Directions, prepared by Captain FitzRoy and Lieutenant

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

Notes Introduction 1 R Grove, 1985, Charles Darwin and the Falkland Islands, Polar Record, 22 (139), 413 420. 2 F J Sulloway, 1982, Darwin's conversion: the Beagle voyage and its aftermath, Journal of the History of Biology, 15 (3), 325 396. , 1983, Further remarks on Darwin's spelling habits and the dating of Beagle voyage manuscripts, Journal of the History of Biology, 16 (3), 361 390. , 1984, Darwin and the Galapagos, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 21, 29 59. Chapter 1

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

they impinged on the the activities of the crew of HMS Beagle. The much-disputed and argued-over sequence of occupation and reoccupation, claim and counter-claim, political manoeuvre and legalistic gambit of these years are of course vital to any consideration of the sovereignty of the islands. They have been discussed elsewhere, especially since 1982. There is some evidence that Charles Darwin found this international jockeying confusing and frustrating (although not unimportant). He noted at

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

Chapter 4 Geological Observations Darwin's approach to his geological work The many dozens of pages of Darwin's geological annotations on the Falklands from the Beagle and immediately post-Beagle periods illustrate superbly the breadth of his geological interests. Space prohibits a detailed discussion of every site visited, and every concept employed during his explorations. Emphasis will be placed on about five themes that were of particular importance in Darwin's descriptions of Falklands

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

they impinged on the the activities of the crew of HMS Beagle. The much-disputed and argued-over sequence of occupation and reoccupation, claim and counter-claim, political manoeuvre and legalistic gambit of these years are of course vital to any consideration of the sovereignty of the islands. They have been discussed elsewhere, especially since 1982. There is some evidence that Charles Darwin found this international jockeying confusing and frustrating (although not unimportant). He noted at

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

Chapter 4 Geological Observations Darwin's approach to his geological work The many dozens of pages of Darwin's geological annotations on the Falklands from the Beagle and immediately post-Beagle periods illustrate superbly the breadth of his geological interests. Space prohibits a detailed discussion of every site visited, and every concept employed during his explorations. Emphasis will be placed on about five themes that were of particular importance in Darwin's descriptions of Falklands

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

The essential point remains valid; wild terrestrial mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and other organisms are largely absent from the Falklands, as from other remote islands, except where they seem to have been brought by humans or other clearly comprehensible agency. Much less is made in On the Origin of Species of the Falklands than of the Galapagos, New Zealand, Australia or some of the other islands that Darwin visited on the voyage of HMS Beagle. But discussions amongst the trio of Darwin

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

the Sound. The merchantman turned out to be the Rapid, fourteen days out from Buenos Aires, with a Mr Brisbane on board. Brisbane was delighted to meet the crew of the Beagle, for amongst her officers was one who had taken part in rescuing him from shipwreck some years earlier. Mr Brisbane, who was agent and partner of Mr Vernet who operated the Port Louis settlement, was invited on board the Beagle: most of the remainder of the Rapid's crew being in a state of drunkenness, after the difficult

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

carcasses brought back to Port Louis. The hides of these two beasts weighed seventy-three and eighty-one pounds. It will be from this cattle hunt that the 690lbs of beef recorded as being received aboad the Beagle on Wednesday 3 April came. Darwin missed the excitement of this bull hunt. He was very busy with the Zoology of the sea; treasures of the deep to a naturalist are indeed inexhaustible. Fish, shells and many types of invertebrates were collected and described in detail in the Zoological Diary

A591    Pamphlet:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Charles Darwin's last island: Terceira, Azores, 1836. Geowest no. 27.   Text   Image

Introduction This book has been written as a part of an extended programme of research on aspects of the Charles Darwin's work during the voyage of HMS Beagle, and its long-term significance to the great Victorian naturalist's intellectual development. While Darwin's explorations in the Galapagos Archipelago, in the eastern Pacific Ocean, have been much discussed, in both the popular and scholarly media, very much less has been written on his visits to other island groups and land masses. In a

A591    Pamphlet:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Charles Darwin's last island: Terceira, Azores, 1836. Geowest no. 27.   Text   Image

left the ship to put into the principal town, Ponta Delgada, to enquire for letters, the Beagle sailing slowly about to await the boat's return. There is evidence2 that the shore party briefly set up instruments near St Braz Castle (For S o Br s), close to the port, and navigational and magnetic observations were made. Meanwhile, aboard the Beagle, by 10.20am the breeze had strengthened, there was the odd squall about, and the ship trimmed to a light breeze to from the SW . The morning passed

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

the Sound. The merchantman turned out to be the Rapid, fourteen days out from Buenos Aires, with a Mr Brisbane on board. Brisbane was delighted to meet the crew of the Beagle, for amongst her officers was one who had taken part in rescuing him from shipwreck some years earlier. Mr Brisbane, who was agent and partner of Mr Vernet who operated the Port Louis settlement, was invited on board the Beagle: most of the remainder of the Rapid's crew being in a state of drunkenness, after the difficult

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

carcasses brought back to Port Louis. The hides of these two beasts weighed seventy-three and eighty-one pounds. It will be from this cattle hunt that the 690lbs of beef recorded as being received aboad the Beagle on Wednesday 3 April came. Darwin missed the excitement of this bull hunt. He was very busy with the Zoology of the sea; treasures of the deep to a naturalist are indeed inexhaustible. Fish, shells and many types of invertebrates were collected and described in detail in the Zoological Diary

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

Chapter 3 The Chronology of Charles Darwin'svisits to the Falkland Islands (2) The Second Visit It was almost exactly eleven months later that HMS Beagle returned to the Falklands. At Noon on 9 March 1834 Beauch ne Island (see Fig 1.2) was sighted 8 or 9 miles to the north. In the early morning of the day following, the ship being blown before a force 6 or 7 gale, the mainland of East Falkland was seen to the north-west; Cape Pembroke was rounded around 8.00am. During the early afternoon she

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

-vertical plates of quartzite, Main Range, East Falkland 98 Chapter 5 Figure 5.1 Kelp bed, Berkeley Sound. 101 Figure 5.2 The extinct Falkland fox or warrah. 109 Figure 5.3 Notes on birds of the Galapagos and Falkland Islands, partly in Darwin's hand, and partly in those of his assistants. 113 HMS Beagle. National Maritime Museum, London. 125 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 At some future period the southern hemisphere will probably have its breed of Falkland ponies. 130 Chlorospiza? xanthogramma (modern

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

Chapter 3 The Chronology of Charles Darwin'svisits to the Falkland Islands (2) The Second Visit It was almost exactly eleven months later that HMS Beagle returned to the Falklands. At Noon on 9 March 1834 Beauch ne Island (see Fig 1.2) was sighted 8 or 9 miles to the north. In the early morning of the day following, the ship being blown before a force 6 or 7 gale, the mainland of East Falkland was seen to the north-west; Cape Pembroke was rounded around 8.00am. During the early afternoon she

F3705    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text

-vertical plates of quartzite, Main Range, East Falkland 98 Chapter 5 Figure 5.1 Kelp bed, Berkeley Sound. 101 Figure 5.2 The extinct Falkland fox or warrah. 109 Figure 5.3 Notes on birds of the Galapagos and Falkland Islands, partly in Darwin's hand, and partly in those of his assistants. 113 HMS Beagle. National Maritime Museum, London. 125 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 At some future period the southern hemisphere will probably have its breed of Falkland ponies. 130 Chlorospiza? xanthogramma (modern

A591    Pamphlet:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Charles Darwin's last island: Terceira, Azores, 1836. Geowest no. 27.   Text   Image

But despite the modest eagerness of his anticipation, Darwin passes over his brief sojourn in the Azores in his Voyage of the Beagle with the bald statement that after a stay in the Cape Verde archipelago: [W]e proceeded to the Azores, where we staid six days. When one compares this with the detail with which Darwin described parts of South America, his few weeks in Australia, and certain other islands and archipelagoes at which the ten-gun brig converted for hydrographic work spent time, this

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

be estimated; and our next step in the verification of an induction must therefore consist in extending its application to cases not originally contemplated; in studiously varying the circumstances under which our causes act, with a view to ascertain whether their effect is general; and in pushing the application of our laws to extreme cases.15 Throughout the Beagle voyage, Darwin was constantly comparing his observations made in one locality with those made elsewhere, and testing his own

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

tended to be seen by anyone save himself, some of the manuscripts display a somewhat rhetorical style. Phrases such as Can we doubt that , We may feel certain that , What must we say to and We are driven to suspect that recur throughout the notes from the Beagle period. This approach is also seen in later writings on the mutability of species, such as the preliminary draft, the Sketch of 1842, the more expansive Essay of 1844, as well as On the Origin of Species. There are certain literary

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

elapse of some time and a good deal of chasing around East Falkland, Lieutenant Smith, brought by the Challenger as acting Governor, with a small party of marines, managed to capture most of the desperadoes; they were eventually transported to England, but because of legal difficulties involving uncertainty about under which jurisdiction they should be tried, and Britain's unwillingness to acknowledge Argentina's authority in a Falklands matter, they were never convicted. Shortly before the Beagle

A589    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.   Text   PDF

mind . When Darwin was editing his voyage writings for his book The Voyage of the Beagle, Darwin included, at the end of the section on the stone-runs of East Falkland, almost as an afterthought, a note of his uncertainty about their origin; he also appears to have been comparing, in a rather vague way, these features with the erratic boulders scattered by glacial action over northern Europe: never did any scene, like these streams of stones, so forcibly convey to my mind the idea of a