A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] Charles Darwin, a couple of years after his return from the Beagle voyage Source: N. Barlow, Charles Darwin's Diary of the Voyage of HMS Beagle (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933). The drawing is probably by George Richmond. [page

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

List of Figures Note: Unless otherwise indicated on the figures, all photographs are by the author and all maps and diagrams were drawn at the School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia. Frontispiece Charles Darwin, a couple of years after his return from the Beagle voyage 1.1 Map to show the approximate route of HMS Beagle (1831-36), and positions of some of the islands visited 6 6.1 Map of St Paul's, Atlantic Ocean 47 8.1 Map of Tierra del Fuego, showing some

A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF

(1839a) The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R. N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Part 3: Birds, issue 2 [pp 17-32, pls. 11-20]. Smith, Elder and Co., London [The works of Charles Darwin. Barrett PH, Freeman RB (eds 1987), vol. 5, New York University Press, New York] Gould J, Darwin C (1839b) The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R. N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Part 3: Birds, issue 3 [pp 33-56, pls. 21-30

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

Darwin's Diary of the Voyage ofHMS 'Beagle' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1934; 1st edn, 1933). Darwin's geological notes from the Beagle voyage, DAR 32-5. C. R. Darwin, The Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle (London: Smith, Elder c Co, 1842-46): Part 1, The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, 1842; Part 2, Geological Observations on VolcanicIslands, 1844; Part 3, Geological Observations onSouth America, 1846 (repr. London: William Pickering, 1986). Darwin had many small

A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF

the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Part 3: birds, issue 1. Smith, Elder, London, pp 1 16 Gould J, Darwin C (1839a) The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Part 3: birds, issue 2. Smith, Elder, London, pp 17 32 Gould J, Darwin C (1839b) The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

8. The End of the Earth: Tierra del Fuego We saw earlier (Introduction, pp. 2-3) that Tierra del Fuego has claims to be the trigger for the 1831-36 voyage of HMS Beagle, and also a factor in Charles Robert Darwin's presence on it. Whether this was in the forefront of Darwin's mind as he approached the island - or rather group of islands - at the 'end of the earth' is doubtful. But the return of the little group of Fuegians, and their missionary helper Mr Matthews, was, however, of major

A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF

to Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia in 1826–1830 before Darwin's famous 'Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle . Any use of the term 'Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle in this paper always refers to this latter, second journey of the Beagle . 301 traced during this research; data for additional birds were added from literature, since all of Darwin's orni-thological notes have survived as well. Lucky we are that Darwin kept up [...] collecting throughout his life. If he had not collected and saved specimens, notes

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

; completion of 'chain of meridians around the world' Second visit to Cape Verde Islands Visit to Terceira, Azores Landfall at Falmouth, England; Darwin's return to Shrewsbury Approximate date of Darwin's 'conversion' to an evolutionary outlook Marriage to Emma Wedgwood Publication of edited version of Darwin's Beagle diary as final part of Captain FitzRoy's Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of the Beagle Publication of On the Origin of Species Death of Darwin at Downe, Kent; burial in Westminster Abbey

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

Table 1 Darwin's theory of coral reefs, showing the relationship between places visited on the voyage, the ideas and the relevant documents Date Place Component Documents Pre-April 1835 April 1835 13 November 1835 15-26 November 1835 December 1835 (possibly early January 1836) 5-17 February 1836 6-14 March 1836 1-12 April 1836 29 April 1836 29 April-9 May 1836 31 May 1837 1842 South America South America Low Archipelago Tahiti On board HMS Beagle Hobart Town King George Sound Cocos Islands

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

voyage were The Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle (in five volumes)14 and The Geology of the Voyage (in three volumes, on Coral Reefs, Volcanic Islands and The Geology of South America).15 All the above (and other primary and secondary sources) were consulted during the research on which this book is based. I have also been privileged to visit a number of the islands that the Beagle visited, and these landscapes, 8 [page

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

Darwin's Other Islands for example) of East Falkland with the lavas and ashes of some of his volcanic islands, that was vital to him.1 The log of the Beagle, Darwin's copious notes and letters, writings by other persons aboard and his specimens allow a very accurate reconstruction of the weeks that the little surveying sloop was at Berkeley Sound. Let us briefly accompany the crew as they approached this outpost for the first time. On the afternoon of Friday, 3 March 1833, Captain FitzRoy was

A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF

:9 26 Junker T (2001) Charles Darwin (1809 1882). In Jahn I, Schmitt M (eds) Darwin Co. Eine Geschichte der Biologie in Portraits. Beck, Munich, pp 369 389 Keynes RD (1997) Steps on the path to the origin of species. J Theor Biol 187:461 471 Keynes RD (ed) (2000) Charles Darwin's zoology notebooks specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Keynes RD (2002) Fossils, finches and fuegians Charles Darwin's adventures and discoveries on the Beagle, 1832 1836. Harper

A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF

birds, nor would he have encountered all 2 H.M.S. stands for His Majesty's Ship (more exactly Surveying Sloop; cf. Bourne 1992). The ' Beagle ' was built in 1820 and named after the dog. The ship had already been used for a previous voyage to Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia in 1826 1830 before Darwin's famous 'Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle '. Any use of the term 'Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle ' in this paper always refers to this latter, second journey of the Beagle . [page] 30

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

Introduction: The Origins of the Darwin Voyage, and an Overview much changed as some of them are, can also be regarded as part of the archival sources of the voyage. My purpose is to show that there was more to the Beagle voyage than the Galapagos Islands. The visit to the Galapagos was significant; it was, however, just one incident on a journey, one bead on the thread. The thread stretched around the world, and linked dozens of islands. It was Darwin's ability to observe and to compare these

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

ability to regenerate from a fragment. But a over a month later, as the Beagle entered the tropics 'they gradually sickened and died'. 9. It can now be ascended in a few minutes in a car by a good motor road. 10. Voyage, p. 432. 11. Darwin uses this word in his 'Insect Notes', K. G. V. Smith, 'Darwin's Insects', Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 14.1 (1987): 99. 12. Alas, Darwin's 'Insect Notes' from Australia are somewhat confused. It is unclear whether some specimens were collected

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

than 100 nautical miles to the north-west, that Captain Cook had called York Minster, the home of one of the Fuegians. Once they got close, but were blown back. The storm on 13 January was particularly vicious, and a good deal of water was taken by the Beagle, and Darwin's papers and plant specimens were damaged by seawater. The decks were frequently awash and one of the ship's whale-boats was lost. Sometimes in those frightening days those aboard the Beagle did not know where they were. The ship

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

Chiloe: A Fine Island goods bought by ships such as the Beagle represented a substantial input of cash into the community. Over the course of the next twelve days, the Beagle purchased over 1,250 lb (approx. 570 kg) of meat (beef and pork), vegetables, and substantial quantities of wood, to the substantial benefit to the local economy. Daylight on 1 July revealed the Adventure (the ship that FitzRoy had acquired to assist with the survey work), at anchor off the small fort (Fuerte S. Antonio

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

them when they were not given. Stones were thrown and Darwin was afraid it might have come to a skirmish. Firing pistols close to the intruders and waving a cutlass failed to scare them off: the Fuegians just laughed. Jemmy Button had excellent eyesight, and his eye for country was most useful. Late in the evening of 22 January the flotilla of little boats arrived at the junction of the Beagle Channel and Ponsonby Sound; as they camped overnight, they were joined round their fire by Jemmy's

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

insects' common to the two archipelagoes, he noted, 'might easily be transported from Tierra del [Fuego] in the SW furious gales.' He had had proof in his hand of the manner in which insects and dust had been carried hundreds of miles from the coast of Africa, to the Beagle, far out to sea (pp. 38-9). He thought about the possibility of dispersal by sea for some organisms, but with some creatures he thought this route was unlikely: 'Earth worms, from salt water being so deadly a poison is a difficult

A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF

only 167 specimens during the second half of the journey from June 1834 to 1836 (Chile: 92 bird specimens; Peru: 4; Galapagos Islands: 65; New Zealand: 1; Cocos Island: 1; Ascension Island: 1; and Cape Verde Island: 3), not collecting any bird specimens from such locations as Tahiti, where the Beagle stopped for 11 days, Aus-tralia, where it anchored 28 days in Sydney and 11 days at St. George's Sound, Tasmania, where the Beagle crew stayed 15 days, Mauritius (10 days), and St. Helena (7 days

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

Darwin's Other Islands the Adelaide, was examining the coasts around the southern tip of South America. The Beagle was then under the command of Captain Pringle Stokes. As the result of serious depression, brought on by the privations suffered through the terrible weather, Captain Stokes shot himself. Mortally wounded, he died in great pain on 12 August. The ship limped northwards to Rio de Janeiro to onload supplies and effect repairs. There, Admiral Otway, Commander-in-Chief of the Royal

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

, penguins, palms and tropical birds. His recollection in the Autobiography, written late in his life, well over 40 years after the event, seems to be either mistaken or gives an incorrect impression. In fact Darwin spent only nineteen days, in some cases only in part (and in a few instances only for a period of an hour or two), on land in the Galapagos archipelago. The remainder of the 40 or so days he was aboard the Beagle, as she made her way from island to island engaged in hydro-graphic

A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF

authentic sources from the Beagle voyage and much secondary literature (cf. Kohn 1985) has not been consulted for this work, and it must be borne in mind that the impact on ornithology of the Beagle circumnavigation as a whole is slightly greater than Darwin's contribution alone. Benjamin Bynoe (1804 1865) was initially the assistant and from April 1832 the acting surgeon of the Beagle , also carried out the duties of the ship's naturalist. He kept detailed notes on the natural history of all the

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

marked on the charts; perhaps they never existed: nevertheless their image encouraged the raw, 'unfinished naturalist' to think along lines that were to be of importance later. Both Tenerife and the Stones were, each in their way, islands of imagination for Darwin, and of immense importance. Notes 1. Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), sometimes designated the 'Father of modern geography'. Darwin had his own copy of Vols 1 and 2 (in one) aboard the Beagle. 2. Autobiography, pp. 67-8. 3. The Reverend

A2112    Book:     Armstrong, Patrick. 2004. Darwin's other islands. London: Continuum.   Text

Darwin's Other Islands There were many that regretted the ascendancy of the 'Patriot government' and the overthrow of the Spanish colonial administration. The revolutionaries' success had come in 1818, but it was some years after this that the new government's authority had extended to the very south of Chile: the effects of the transition were strongly in the mind of the people. Indeed, folk at some of the remote settlements at which the Beagle (or her boats) put ashore genuinely wondered