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: Wretched room for sleeping, in which a very sick man slept: 1 This estate owner was called Juan Fuentes in all of Darwin's other mentions of him. See Beagle diary, p. 156. 2 Spanish for pumpkins. [page 43a
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Pichey breakfast dinner supper horses quite tired. not more than 25 miles walking: Slept in Camp: Salt petre whole Tosca plain Taupes: Zorilla:1 in morning returned; horses miserable 19th [August 1833] hardly able to crawl; I walked another horse left behind; killed kid 1 The hog-nosed skunk Conepatus sp. See the Beagle diary, p. 177. [page 126a
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Lasso Chascas2 a very few knives dress paint the same 1 Indian chief. 2 'Chascas (messengers or ambassadors) of the Indians', Beagle diary, p. 180. [page 8b
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A778
Beagle Library:
Gay, Claude. 1833. Aperçu sur les recherches d'histoire naturelle faites dans l'Amérique du Sud, et principalement dans le Chili, 1830 et 1831. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 28: 369-393.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page] 369 APER U sur les recherches d'histoire naturelle faites dans l'Am rique du sud, et principalement dans le Chili, pendant les ann es 1830 et 1831; Par C. GAY. (Pr sent l'Acad mie des Sciences le 25 mars 1833.) Quand on r fl chit sur ce qu' taient les sciences en g n ral et l'histoire naturelle en particulier vers la fin de notre dernier si cle, on ne peut que s' tonner des progr s immenses qu'elles ont faits et qu'elles font encore journellement, et de l'utilit
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A828
Beagle Library:
Stephens, James Francis. 1833. Description of Chiasognathus Grantii a new lucanideous insect forming the type of an undescribed genus, together with some brief remarks upon its structure and affinities. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 4: 209-17.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page 209] VI. Description of Chiasognathus Grantii, a new Lucanideous Insect forming the type of an undescribed Genus, together with some brief Remarks upon its Structure and Affinities. In a Letter addressed to one of the Secretaries. BY J. F. STEPHENS, ESQ. F.L.S. [Read May 16, 1831.] MY DEAR HENSLOW, THE magnificent Beetle submitted by you to my inspection proves to be, as I anticipated, not only perfectly novel to science as a species, but forms the type of a genus
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'Insecta June'. [Beagle insect notes] (6.1833) CUL-DAR29.1.C1 Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker. (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) C1 1833. Insecta. June (iv) The following facts I have noticed at Monte Video (610 or 328) and frequently in this place:— After a heavy thunder storm in a little pool in a court-yard which had only existed at most seven hours. — I observed the surface strewed over with black specks: these were collected in groups, and precisely resembled pinches of
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worthy man. Your entire safety in this country depends upon your companion.' Beagle diary, p. 204. [page 36
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been quite surprised at the degree of exaggeration concerning the danger difficulty.' Beagle diary¸ p. 318. [page 190a
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easy seat. Spurs sword clanking anecdotes of riding change horses, thin horses: Indian white horse; Gaucho Laughing 1 James Harris, an English sealer and ship owner of Del Carmen on Rio Negro who assisted Darwin and FitzRoy. There are many mentions of him in the Falkland notebook, the B. Blanca notebook, the St. Fe Notebook, the Beagle diary, Journal of researches and Narrative 2, especially the delightful episode during the voyage: We afterwards heard, that the old major's suspicions had been
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-building hydrocorals were Madrepores. He had thus improved on the still prevailing confusion in the classification of the Zoophytes or Polypiferous Polypi in the accounts of Cuvier and Griffith that he had with him on the Beagle.' 2 Fucus is a genus of brown alga (seaweed). 3 See Zoology notes, p. 213; listed as Chloephaga magellanica in Birds, p. 134. The trachea of this bird, specimen in spirits 904 (Zoology notes, p. 349) was dissected and described in Eyton 1838. [page 10a
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A720
Beagle Library:
Waterton, Charles. 1833. The habits of the carrion crow. Magazine of Natural History, and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteorology 6, no. 32: 208-214.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page] 208 ART. IV. The Habits of the Carrion Crow. By CHARLES WATERTON, Esq. Inter aves albas, vetuit consistere corvum. Ovid. Met. The crow was order'd not to hold a place 'Mid whiter favourites of the feather'd race. THIS warrior bird is always held up to public execration. The very word carrion, attached to his name, carries something disgusting along with it; and no one ever shows him any kindness. Though he certainly has his vices, still he has his virtues too
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] from Buckle...4 inch...] written parallel to the spine. [182] page heavily soiled - indicating where original back cover was once missing. The back cover has been replaced since microfilming. [Barmouth]] written perpendicular to the spine. [The Beagle field notebook identifiers were re-set in January 2021 meaning the page counters were reset to 0. At that time this notebook had 12278 visits
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. [9b] Lowe...Valparaiso] ink. [The Beagle field notebook identifiers were re-set in January 2021 meaning the page counters were reset to 0. At that time this notebook had 21305 visits
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?] upside down from other entries on page. owe…Rowlett] written upside down from other entries on the page. [5b-6b] leaf excised, two fragments remain. [The Beagle field notebook identifiers were re-set in January 2021 meaning the page counters were reset to 0. At that time this notebook had 17745 visits
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Escarpement not above 80 feet high] pencil, overwritten by other entries. NNW to ENE] pencil. [122a] Yet...Colorado ] pencil. [124a] Pichey…at night] in ink. [125a] 18th...kid] ink. [126a-138a] pages in ink. [139a] Arrival...post] ink. All the...24th ] ink. [141a-142a] pages in ink. [IBC] C. Darwin] ink. [1b] Serro...animas] not in Darwin's handwriting. bottom third of page excised. [1b-2b] lower third of leaf excised. [The Beagle field notebook identifiers were re-set in January 2021 meaning the
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outside coast numberless island, which would appear to composed of crystalline rocks mostly allied to greenstone.– More minute description S. S Bay: within Beagle Channell: Navarin small islands: the alternation within Beagle channell.– Alternations of felspathic Wollaston island with slate (Cap FitzRoy). [sketch?] occurrence of amphibolic rock subsequent movement to the SSW, but probably not very remote.– Extension situation of Slate W of Ponsonby Sound: When describing the N part.– description of
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many boulders owe their origin to this – earth removed Glaciers hollow (Alluvium remains only when protected from southern oceans (occurrence of pebbles / on hill fragments of greenstone) Formation of Beagle channell triangular: original state: must have been of great depth from constant accession of pebbles: (did clearing out this produce the alluvium): no force of waves they are so soon broken: no signs of particular violence: it is nearly in same line as S termination of the east extremity Only
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(answering to our August).— The Westerly winds have the constancy of the trades. it is clear the snow lies longest on the ESE side from being most protected from WNW wind, which of the prevalent ones would be the warmest.— At the height of about 1400 feet I found dwarf Beech trees, (about a foot high), in sheltered corners.— the main line of separation between the trees grass is perhaps 2 or 300 feet lower. Within the Beagle channel this line was so horizontal wound round in the vallies in so
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true: but the valleys of detrition, which enter the Beagle channel at rt angles to it render any certainty about range of hills very difficult: — [bottom of page] 1834. Feb: (a) To the W of Ponsonby Sound the summits of the hills are certainly slaty. — I do not feel so sure about the Dog Jaw in Navarin Island. the rough mountains on the opposite shore of the Beagle Channel. 8
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(a) 1834 .. Feb I ought to have stated, that I examined in many places the East coast of Navarin Isd found no difference in character of the slate, the general SSW dip. — During this visit, the NE point compact blue slate dipped 48° to the South: WSW of Picton Island, the slate in Beagle channel the slate, was contained planes of harder greyer varieties (which I have called jaspery). — in two sites they dipped within one degree to the SSW, or at an 72° — the other 59°. — The rounded summit of
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near to these ridges. — the slate was more fissile of a less earthy nature. — Nevertheless I feel convinced (a) they belong to the great slate formation. In Navarin island. there is such a ridge likewise on the N side of the Beagle channel. — I could not perceive any striking parallelism between the line of slate hills the WNW range of cleavage. — Yet in pulling in the Beagle channel to the Westwards, the sides looked uneven; whilst on turning to the East view, the eye, as in a street, was
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72 1833 Jan: Feby: 4 Tierra del Fuego 72 Proceeding to the West in the Beagle channel at the termination of the slate, micaceous schists of several varieties are met with. — As far as I could observe the (roofing or greywacke ) slate lies immediately on this formation. — From the occurrence of numerous angular blocks, it is probable that the summits of this main chain are granite. that the sides, as we have seen, are mica slate. — Proceeding to the NW well characterized granite is found which
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86 1833 Jan - Feb Tierra del Fuego 86 18 Granitic forms: large extent of massive, barren hills of Granite. — These granite hills were not lofty. — At the most westerly point there was much Syenite. — 960 [active] hornblende [active]mica The only other place where I visited this formation was in southern arm of Beagle Channel, where rounded hills, on both sides were formed of a rock. which I suppose to be syenite: the quartz no was in small quantity 962, 963 (b) mica Hornblende abundant. At the
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rock a most curious appearance; it is best seen in decomposing pieces. — On the large scale it is columnar, but not very regular. — The stone is of a uniform nature in the whole hill. — I have reason to believe a similar sort is found in the Gulf of Peñas. — In the midst of the above described hills there is a mass of rock. resembling that found in external form at southern arm of the Beagle Channel 994. 995 which I suppose to be a syenite. — If there is any foundation for my conjecture, that
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(a) If the excavation of the Beagle Channel is curious, it is equally so, that the quantity of matter annually brought down by the glaciers mountain torrents has not long since filled it up. — The clearing out by a body of water of such a channel. with its pebbles. boulders mud. the subsequent depositing of it in the vallies of a neighbouring country. would explain create the formation of Alluvium. similar to the one described. — N.B: Pebbles were found high up on the sides of the channel
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curious instance of resemblance between volcanic the older rocks. — Mr Weddel in his Voyage 1 mentions often finding (a) in this southern part porphyritic vesicular lava supposes it owes its origin to Captain B. Halls volcano. — The place laid down by Captain Hall in Captain Kings chart is not above 8 miles from the Beagle Channel. — It is impossible that a volcano should exist in a regular slate range, not show in its external form or character of vegetation its presence: or without leaving in
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believing that any body of alluvial matter pushing amongst the islands as now situated, would form so continuous a field, as must have once connected them. — We have evidence of some great disturbances, either aqueous or terrestrial: — on an isolated hill in Hardy Peninsula (P 21 (a)), at least 400 feet high. composed of a peculiar rock, fragments of different varieties of greenstone were lying; also, on the sides of Beagle channel there were pebbles. which could not have been brought by brooks, at an
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70 1833 Jan: Feb: Tierra del Fuego 70 Wollaston Island, I do not rank it with the primitive rocks. — It certainly is superimposed (a) on the mica slate of the main W N W chain. — The direction in which the cleavage runs, is singularly uniform. — On opposite sides of Navarin island, a distance of 35 miles, I could not with a compass perceive the slightest difference. — It was here vertical planes running W N W E S E. — This same range I have noticed in various places in the Beagle channel: it
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side. — Comparing this part to strata the northern cordilleras, the rocks of the outer coast have a greater resemblance to the central range of those districts, than the Granite Slate Axis has of the Sarmiento range has. — I suspect, the bifurcation of the Trappean Granitic axes, I suspect to be owing to the union of the true N S line of the Andes with WNW line of the clay-slate country. — This kind of attraction is however perhaps purely fanciful. — NB Those Granite on S. arm of Beagle Channel in
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elevation of its ridges; but that it owed its origin to the same cause. which produced the Trappean rocks in the SW coast. — (a) To conclude with the slate. — The slate, as has been said, extends along the northern shore of the Beagle Channel to within 5 miles East of the bifurcation; here it seems to rest conformably on the Gneiss Micaceous schists: apparently ancient volcanic vascular greenstone] added pencil in margin. Green [illeg] ] pencil insertion. Indeed my only reason...SW coast. — (a
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95 1833 Jan Feb Tierra del Fuego 95 27 to the NNE; in contradiction to this, in the East end of the Beagle channel, therefore to the North of the probable line of upheaval we yet find the SSW dip. — Every one acknowledges the difficulty of observing stratification in a slate district: In Navarin island. I have mentioned horizontal planes waving bans of a white colour; here the country is comparatively level, but on the sides of the mountain these bands dipped at a small angle to the SSW
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into that of a Trappean nature. From 6 miles, to the East of the bifurcation of the Beagle channel, the whole north shore is slate. — In its mineralogical characters the slate is tolerably uniform; it generally resembles an imperfect roofing slate, varying however in its fissibility. — It often contains Iron pyrites in small veins, as it also does occasionally quartz. — In many places it becomes jaspery, hence banded with colours, in planes identical with those of cleavage. — I was never able
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is vertical. — I have already noticed a case where at 35 miles distance. but nearly in the direction of the cleavage no difference was perceptible. — In some few places it dips to N by E. at a high angle. One would imagine from this that the cleavage was originally vertical that disturbing forces had tilted it a little towards either of the opposite points. — I noticed in several places within Beagle Channel. horizontal waving line bands reason for supposing...greater scale] cancelled. 91v
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is both surrounded by rests on the old crystalline formations. The slate at its extremity alternates with intersected by 2 varieties of Trap 953, the one abounding with Hornblende the other with Feldspar. — The cleavage is here disturbed from its proper direction. — Cleavage strata I observed, in the Beagle Channel, the same white, waving bands seams which I ment described as horizontal in Navarin Island, here on the sides of the mountains, they dipped at a small angle to the SSW, but were very
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84 1833 Jan Feb Tierra del Fuego 84 that the cleavage dipped in a contrary direction (viz. NNE) to the prevailing one towards the hills. — I only mention this, from Von Buch,1 having seen this fact in Norway. — Granite formation I will now describe the Crystalline rocks on which the above-described slate lies. — This formation extends from the point West of the bifurcation in the Beagle Channel, to the outer islands, a distance about 60 miles. To the South it extends across the southern arm
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parallelism between the direction of cleavage form of land: the great M. Sarmiento chain (in which is included much granite), runs in a WNW ESE line (b); the general form of whole country leaving out the modern subsequent formation on the East coast is parallel to this as are also many of the channels, such as west part of Magellan St, Gabriel channel, Admiralty Sound, North arm of Beagle Channel: the tendency, although this is more doubtful, on the east side to dip to the East of SSW, as in the
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98 1833 Jan Feb Tierra del Fuego 98 30 nature of the rock. — on a small scale I have endeavoured to show this in the clay slate of Ponsonby Sound. — On a great one, we see it in the northern arm of the Beagle channel, which running WNW ESE separates the grand mica slate ridge from the an escarpement precipice of clay-slate. — 3d that here the chains of mountains have been formed, by the different degrees of rapidity of weathering, continued during a succession of ages; that in those lines of
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, NE, end of Navarin Island. Jan 19th Cleavage, dips to SSW angle about 80° Angle of intersection between —— runs WNW ESE direction of planes of cleavage Fissures dip about same angle Fissure = 45° — run WSW ENE Jan 21s N. shore of Beagle Channel. Cleavage dips SSW about 10° opposite centre of Navarin Isd —— runs WNW ESE Angle of intersec: = 78.75 Fissures run N by E S by W East entrance of Ponsonby Cleavage dips S by W angle 50° Sound. Angle of intersec: — runs W by N E by S 1st set = 45° 1
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many different rocks. — Chiefly slates. many varieties of greenstone; feldspathic rock with angular fragments of slate; quartz, porphyry; granite syenite. There was no signs in any horizontal arrangement of the larger blocks to show regular deposition. — A Debacle sweeping along. has been arrested in its course. — Similar cliffs occur on East coast of Navarin Island. — Within the Beagle channel, this alluvial formation is perhaps best seen, we have here banks cliffs of the height colour
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isolated occurrence may be explained on a similar principle. — In Navarin Isd, (a) we find Guanaco. foxes Mice; it is highly probable that these animals passed over from the mainland, before the Beagle channel had broken through the bed of Alluvium. — In Wollaston Isd I saw the skull of a Guanaco on the beach. but not much rotted; was it brought over by the Fuegians? or is it an inhabitant? thus by the wasting of a few more centuries or even less time, we might have had islands where animals lived
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currents stronger, than now exist might help to excavate its channel. — For the reason given at (P 5) I do not think the sea would have much influence, excepting in the above-mentioned manner. — Glaciers When sailing through the Beagle channel. I often noticed the great difference of structure in the tongue of land formed by mountain torrents by glaciers. — in the former case it is a bank of pebbles; but with the glacier it is a pile of enormous 121 vers
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104 1833 Jan Feb Tierra del Fuego 104 36 Glacier boulders. — many of them several tuns in weight. — The Glaciers form a perpendicular cliff of the clear ice to the sea; (when I was there it was the thawing season), a torrent, which runs may be heard roaring, behind the vertical face, drains the upper parts. — Large masses of ice are continually falling into the water, so that in the Beagle Channel we had a miniature of the icebergs of the Antarctic seas; as the cliff continues perpendicular
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CUL-DAR34.184-185a
Note:
1833.01.16--1833.02.19
Geological diary: North of Wollaston Island / Goree Sound
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it brought by the Indians or is it an inhabitant (?) Diluvium 1 Edward Main Chaffers, Master of the Beagle. 185 vers
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precisely similar rock (specimen memory of Mr Bynoes) in the gulf of Penas: This hill. as the others is quite unconnected with all others entirely formed of this rock. Yet the surface was covered by angular fragments of several varieties of greenstone: There is a mass of rock lying between all these hills. which would appear to be syenite. resembling that on the southern arm of Beagle Channell. The irregular form of hills, if submerged would explain the numberless islands of West coast. I
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(a) 1834. AO. March 1st. East entrance of Beagle Channel; there is an abundance of these white stars on the Fucus. highly polypiferous Polypus, with 10 or 12 arms, very delicate, only the arms were protruded; body resides in the tube: body lengthened cylinder, which near base (as described in other species) contracts slightly bends in extremity contains a red viscus is of an oval shape.— there is a central vessel.— just before the bend, this vessel seems to pass by another smaller viscus also
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(b) The officers of the Beagle have never seen this animal to the South of the R. Negro.— The smell is most offensive.— I have often perceived the whole air impregnated, when the distance of Buck could not have been less than ½ a mile to Windward.— Are said by Gauchos to change their horns annually. Seem to like mountains. excessively numerous near the Sierra Ventana.— But they are spread more or less over the whole country.— (c) Specimen (2080) procured at Port Famine.— Mr Low says it the
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B. Blanca, Sierra Ventana, R. Negro c. It appears never to be found on this East side of America, to the Northward of the Sierra Tapalguen in Lat: 37°.30' They are said to occur plentifully in the Laguna desagualero at the foot of the Andes.— Some of the officers of the Beagle have seen it at Port St Elena Desire, Lat 48° 30' I have frequently opened the stomach of this animal; generally it contains Coleoptera various Larvæ.— I have found roots an Amphisbœna.— When surprised, it either buries
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(a) My opportunities of seeing this part of the country was riding from B. Ayres to St Fe returning by the Parana to the same place. — I rode from the R. Negro (in Patagonia) to B. Ayres; from this to St. Fe. — returned by the Parana: There from M: Video to the Uruguay, from thence to M: Video, where the Beagle started for Port Desire. — (b) The Tosca rock here was perforated by minute linear serpentine cavities, often lined with black. — Does not this occur in the water formation in the Paris
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. — Equally I might doubt respecting nearly all the fossils; for few were in absolutely vertical cliffs: — Now that I find (appendix to Beechey. P 348)2 that horses bones have been found with the fossil Elephant. in my own mind I am convinced that a horse coexisted with the Megatherium Mastodon: How strange that man after an immense epoch should repeople the country with the same genus. — I believe all Historians are agreed that the Spaniards found no Horse in S. America. — 1 Beagle diary, pp
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nature is singularly alike. — (V Journal for some short descriptions). The Pampas (of St Fe more especially) are most 1 The tooth was described by Owen in Fossil mammalia, pp. 108-9. See also Journal of researches, pp. 149ff. 2 Beagle diary, pp. 195-6. 253 vers
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