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many different rocks. — Chiefly slates. many varieties of greenstone; feldspathic rock with angular fragments of slate; quartz, porphyry; granite syenite. There was no signs in any horizontal arrangement of the larger blocks to show regular deposition. — A Debacle sweeping along. has been arrested in its course. — Similar cliffs occur on East coast of Navarin Island. — Within the Beagle channel, this alluvial formation is perhaps best seen, we have here banks cliffs of the height colour
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isolated occurrence may be explained on a similar principle. — In Navarin Isd, (a) we find Guanaco. foxes Mice; it is highly probable that these animals passed over from the mainland, before the Beagle channel had broken through the bed of Alluvium. — In Wollaston Isd I saw the skull of a Guanaco on the beach. but not much rotted; was it brought over by the Fuegians? or is it an inhabitant? thus by the wasting of a few more centuries or even less time, we might have had islands where animals lived
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currents stronger, than now exist might help to excavate its channel. — For the reason given at (P 5) I do not think the sea would have much influence, excepting in the above-mentioned manner. — Glaciers When sailing through the Beagle channel. I often noticed the great difference of structure in the tongue of land formed by mountain torrents by glaciers. — in the former case it is a bank of pebbles; but with the glacier it is a pile of enormous 121 vers
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104 1833 Jan Feb Tierra del Fuego 104 36 Glacier boulders. — many of them several tuns in weight. — The Glaciers form a perpendicular cliff of the clear ice to the sea; (when I was there it was the thawing season), a torrent, which runs may be heard roaring, behind the vertical face, drains the upper parts. — Large masses of ice are continually falling into the water, so that in the Beagle Channel we had a miniature of the icebergs of the Antarctic seas; as the cliff continues perpendicular
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CUL-DAR34.184-185a
Note:
1833.01.16--1833.02.19
Geological diary: North of Wollaston Island / Goree Sound
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it brought by the Indians or is it an inhabitant (?) Diluvium 1 Edward Main Chaffers, Master of the Beagle. 185 vers
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precisely similar rock (specimen memory of Mr Bynoes) in the gulf of Penas: This hill. as the others is quite unconnected with all others entirely formed of this rock. Yet the surface was covered by angular fragments of several varieties of greenstone: There is a mass of rock lying between all these hills. which would appear to be syenite. resembling that on the southern arm of Beagle Channell. The irregular form of hills, if submerged would explain the numberless islands of West coast. I
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(a) 1834. AO. March 1st. East entrance of Beagle Channel; there is an abundance of these white stars on the Fucus. highly polypiferous Polypus, with 10 or 12 arms, very delicate, only the arms were protruded; body resides in the tube: body lengthened cylinder, which near base (as described in other species) contracts slightly bends in extremity contains a red viscus is of an oval shape.— there is a central vessel.— just before the bend, this vessel seems to pass by another smaller viscus also
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(b) The officers of the Beagle have never seen this animal to the South of the R. Negro.— The smell is most offensive.— I have often perceived the whole air impregnated, when the distance of Buck could not have been less than ½ a mile to Windward.— Are said by Gauchos to change their horns annually. Seem to like mountains. excessively numerous near the Sierra Ventana.— But they are spread more or less over the whole country.— (c) Specimen (2080) procured at Port Famine.— Mr Low says it the
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B. Blanca, Sierra Ventana, R. Negro c. It appears never to be found on this East side of America, to the Northward of the Sierra Tapalguen in Lat: 37°.30' They are said to occur plentifully in the Laguna desagualero at the foot of the Andes.— Some of the officers of the Beagle have seen it at Port St Elena Desire, Lat 48° 30' I have frequently opened the stomach of this animal; generally it contains Coleoptera various Larvæ.— I have found roots an Amphisbœna.— When surprised, it either buries
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(a) My opportunities of seeing this part of the country was riding from B. Ayres to St Fe returning by the Parana to the same place. — I rode from the R. Negro (in Patagonia) to B. Ayres; from this to St. Fe. — returned by the Parana: There from M: Video to the Uruguay, from thence to M: Video, where the Beagle started for Port Desire. — (b) The Tosca rock here was perforated by minute linear serpentine cavities, often lined with black. — Does not this occur in the water formation in the Paris
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. — Equally I might doubt respecting nearly all the fossils; for few were in absolutely vertical cliffs: — Now that I find (appendix to Beechey. P 348)2 that horses bones have been found with the fossil Elephant. in my own mind I am convinced that a horse coexisted with the Megatherium Mastodon: How strange that man after an immense epoch should repeople the country with the same genus. — I believe all Historians are agreed that the Spaniards found no Horse in S. America. — 1 Beagle diary, pp
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nature is singularly alike. — (V Journal for some short descriptions). The Pampas (of St Fe more especially) are most 1 The tooth was described by Owen in Fossil mammalia, pp. 108-9. See also Journal of researches, pp. 149ff. 2 Beagle diary, pp. 195-6. 253 vers
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Darwin, C. R. Geological diary: Monte Video (appendix). (11.1833) CUL-DAR32.83-84 Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker. (The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/). 83A [Hand drawn map]1 Harbor of Monte Video Rat Isld Lat. 34.55.20 S Long 56.13.00 W Var. 12.00 Easterly Scale of Miles 1 Compare with the Rio notebook, p. 55b-56b. See Beagle notebooks, pp. 51-52. '3.00' and '2.00' added pencil. 8
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CUL-DAR33.227-228
Note:
1833.12.00
Geological diary: Coast of Patagonia — St Josephs Bay to Port Desire
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Tilly Roads; that are its height may be 1200 feet. — [sketch map] [the sketch, in black ink, is on a small rectangle of tracing paper glued on the page] South Latitude [The place names along the coast of the sketch have not been transcribed.] 1 A reference to the Beagle diary, pp. 182-3. 228
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CUL-DAR33.227-228
Note:
1833.12.00
Geological diary: Coast of Patagonia — St Josephs Bay to Port Desire
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King (1817-1904), Midshipman on the Beagle, 1831-1836. sketches] added pencil. 228 vers
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CUL-DAR33.227-228
Note:
1833.12.00
Geological diary: Coast of Patagonia — St Josephs Bay to Port Desire
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), Mate and Assistant Surveyor on the Beagle, 1831-1836. G] pencil in margin. Stet] pencil in margin. places] pencil insertion. 227
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there are some small salinas; the water in bottle (781 tin lathe) is of the worst kind (a), the better sort was drunk on board the Beagle. — May we consider this as resulting from the washing of the marine deposits?. Chemical analysis of this salt from the Salinas will be interesting. . — In a muddy valley, I found a saline incrustation 1633 a phenomenon so often seen to the northward. — Beds rest on flats of Porphyry. As might have been expected from the soft nature of the beds, the original
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A900
Beagle Library:
De La Beche, Henry Thomas. 1834. Researches in theoretical geology. London: Charles Knight
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Darwin's Beagle Library [frontispiece] THE EARTH Supposed to be seen from Space. [page i
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A894.2
Beagle Library:
Webster, William Henry Bayley. 1834. Narrative of a voyage to the southern Atlantic Ocean, in the years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H.M. Sloop Chanticleer. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 2.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page i] NARRATIVE OF A VOYAGE TO THE SOUTHERN ATLANTIC OCEAN, IN THE YEARS 1828, 29, 30. [page ii
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A922
Beagle Library:
Somerville, Mary. 1834. On the connexion of the physical sciences. London: John Murray.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page i] ON THE CONNEXION OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES. BY MRS. SOMERVILLE. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. MDCCCXXXIV. [page ii
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A852
Beagle Library:
Proteus. 1834. The Bahama Islands. United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine 3: 215-26.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [title page] THE UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL AND Naval and Military Magazine. 1834. PART III. LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR HENRY COLBURN By R. BENTLEY; SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. [page] 21
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A718
Beagle Library:
Seale, Robert Francis. 1834. The geognosy of the Island of St. Helena, illustrated in a series of views, plans and sections; accompanied with explanatory remarks and observations. London: Ackermann and Co.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page 1] THE GEOGNOSY OF THE ISLAND ST. HELENA, ILLUSTRATED IN A SERIES OF VIEWS, PLANS AND SECTIONS; ACCOMPANIED WITH Explanatory Remarks and Observations. BY ROBERT F. SEALE. HONOURABLE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S CIVIL SERVICE. c. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY ACKERMANN AND CO., 96, STRAND. 1834. [page 2
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A741
Beagle Library:
Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de. 1834. Rapport sur les résultats scientifiques du voyage de M. Alcide d'Orbigny dans l'Amerique du Sud, pendant les annees 1826, 1827,1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et I833. Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 3: 84-115.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page 83] NOUVELLES ANNALES DU MUS UM D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE, OU RECUEIL DE M MOIRES PUBLI S PAR LES PROFESSEURS DE CET TABLISSEMENT ET PAR D'AUTRES NATURALISTES SUR L'HISTOIRE NATURELLE, L'ANATOMIE, ET LA CHIMIE. OUVRAGE ORN DE GRAVURES. TOME TROISI ME. PARIS, A LA LIBRAIRIE ENCYCLOP DIQUE DE RORET, RUE HAUTEFEUILLE, AU COIN DE CELLE DU BATTOIR. 1834. [page 84
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A852
Beagle Library:
Proteus. 1834. The Bahama Islands. United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine 3: 215-26.
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Beagle Library: Weddell, James. 1825. A voyage towards the South Pole performed in the years 1822-24. London. [title page] THE UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL AND Aabal and Military Magazine. 1834. PART III. LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR HENRY COLBURN By R. BENTLEY; SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. [page] 21
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Chancellor and van Wyhe eds. 'Valparaiso'. Beagle field notebook. EH1.15 [English Heritage 88202335] Transcribed and edited by Gordon Chancellor, John van Wyhe and Kees Rookmaaker. (The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) [front cover] Valparaiso up Aconcagua to St Jago [inside front cover
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Chancellor and van Wyhe eds. 'Santiago'. Beagle field notebook. EH1.18 [English Heritage 88202338] Transcribed and edited by Gordon Chancellor, John van Wyhe and Kees Rookmaaker. (The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) [front cover] Santiago Book. 50. [inside front cover
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A894.1
Beagle Library:
Webster, William Henry Bayley. 1834. Narrative of a voyage to the southern Atlantic Ocean, in the years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H.M. Sloop Chanticleer. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 1.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page i] NARRATIVE OF A VOYAGE TO THE SOUTHERN ATLANTIC OCEAN, IN THE YEARS 1828, 29, 30, PERFORMED IN H. M. SLOOP CHANTICLEER, UNDER THE COMMAND OF THE LATE CAPTAIN HENRY FOSTER, F.R.S. c. BY ORDER OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY. FROM THE PRIVATE JOURNAL OF W. H. B. WEBSTER, SURGEON OF THE SLOOP. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON: RICHARD BENTLEY, NEW BURLINGTON STREET, Publisher in Ordinary to His Majesty. 1834. [page ii
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C. Darwin H.M.S. Beagle Gypsum Biscatcha Mice Big Bones Shells in plain of town Earthquake 22 do Green Brec pass into each other Petorce Las Vacas Conchilee Cuy. Lepus minimus1 Puda. Chiloe deer ?2 Guemul Equus bilsulcus.3 1 See Port Desire, p. 79. 2 The wild deer of Chiloe, Puda puda. The heumul or southern Andean deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) was first described and named Equus bisulcus by Molina 1794-5. [page 1b
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CUL-DAR34.179-180
Note:
[1834]
Geological diary. The more I reflect on Stratification & Cleavage the more difficulties I
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(1) In Tierra del Fuego there is however a connection between direction of cleavage form of land: the great mountain again made up (if not entirely to a great extent of unknown granite rock, runs in a WNW: The whole form of the peninsula leaving out the eastern modern formation is nearly that many of the channels (excepting the Beagle) such as West part of Magellan St Gabriel Channel: Admiralty: also although more doubtful, the tendency on the West side to dip to the West of SSW as on the East
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with two eyes some with one, but for his part he did not think that Chili saw with any ' Beagle diary, p. 256. [page 82a
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them. in young state large cavity: occasionally eaten grow to large size 3 or 4 times any of my specimens. 1 Specimen in spirits 1063 in Zoology notes, p. 354; listed as Proctotretus tenuis in Reptiles, pp. 7-8, plate 3. 2 Specimen 1065 in Zoology notes, p. 252 and Beagle plants, p. 228. [page 38
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30 dollars from Court yard. washing interesting operation feudal system of men slaves. Old Spanish lawyer. considered for long time. no man so rich that he sends naturalist for pleasure. there is a cat shut up here , do you think King of England allows man to explore stones reptiles. Don Pedros. Heresy. having snakes feeding Caterpillars.1 Mules on level road 4 quintals. 6 mules 1 An anecdote related by Juan Renous, a German merchant and naturalist resident in Chile from 1825, see Beagle diary
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F4057
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1975. [Letter to Edward Lumb, 1834]. In J. H. Winslow, Mr Lumb and Masters Megatherium: an unpublished letter by Charles Darwin from the Falklands. Journal of Historical Geography 1: 347-60, pp. 348, 350.
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every scrap of the bones of the head of the greater monster; for this reason, the specimens which Mr. Keen intended to forward from the R. Negro are the more valuable.- daresay you have already sent them to the Admiral at Rio.-You will very much oblige me, by sending a line to Valparaiso to state time Ship, by which they were conveyed there so that, if they fail to arrive, I can write to Sir Michael Seymour.- Since the Beagle left the Plata, we have had a pleasant cruise; we spent some time on
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A843
Beagle Library:
Caldcleugh, Alexander. 1834. Geology of the Island of Juan Fernández. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 1: 256.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page] 256 A memoir was then read On the Geology of the Island of Juan Fernandez, in the Pacific Ocean, by Alex. Caldcleugh, Esq. F.G.S. After a sketch of the past history and present state of this island, celebrated as the place of exile of Alexander Selkirk, the author proceeds to state that it is about twelve miles in length and four in breadth, possessing three ports, and consisting of very high land, the culminating point of which rises to about 3005 feet above the
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been excised. [IBC] Las Vacas Conchilee] written perpendicular to the spine. Cuy. Lepus…bilsulcus.] upside down from other entries on page, continuation of a list on the opposite page 1b . [1b-2b] lower half of leaf excised. [The Beagle field notebook identifiers were re-set in January 2021 meaning the page counters were reset to 0. At that time this notebook had 10867 visits
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F3613
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1946. [Letter to Charles Whitley 23 July 1834]. Sotheby & Co. Catalogue of fine illuminated manuscripts valuable printed books autograph letters and historical documents comprising a selected portion of the library formerly at Marbury Hall The property of the Honble. Mrs. Bertram Bell Fota Island, County Kerry. London.
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 356 DARWIN (Charles) Early and interesting A. L. s., 4 pp. 4to, Valparaiso, 23 July, 1834, written in the Beagle to Charles Whitley, describing his experiences and asking for news at home ...I find in geology a never failing interest, as has been remarked it creates the same great ideas respecting this world, which Astronomy does for the Universe. We have seen much fine scenery, that of the Tropics in its glory and luxuriance excels even the
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A850
Beagle Library:
Lister, Joseph Jackson. 1834. Some observatons on the structure and functions of tubular and cellular Polypi, and of Ascidiæ. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 126: 365-88.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page] 365 XVIII. Some Observations on the Structure and Functions of tubular and cellular Polypi, and of Ascidi . By JOSEPH JACKSON LISTER, Esq. F.R.S. Received January 1, Read March 6 and 13, 1834. THE more obscure functions of vitality are of such difficult investigation, and possess at the same time so high an interest, that any one contributing, in however small a degree, to increase our information regarding them, may hope to meet with indulgence. This
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A850
Beagle Library:
Lister, Joseph Jackson. 1834. Some observatons on the structure and functions of tubular and cellular Polypi, and of Ascidiæ. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 126: 365-88.
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Beagle Library [page] 365 XVIII. Some Observations on the Structure and Functions of tubular and cellular Polypi, and of Ascidi . By JOSEPH JACKSON LISTER, Esq. F.R.S. Received January 1, Read March 6 and 13, 1834. THE more obscure functions of vitality are of such difficult investigation, and possess at the same time so high an interest, that any one contributing, in however small a degree, to increase our information regarding them, may hope to meet with indulgence. This consideration
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] Mem:...Herschels.] ink, 'says' and 'C of G. Hope' added pencil. [117] idea...other way] ink. nama] added pencil. Examine...Used] ink. [122-3] pages in ink. [123] Before...Narra.] pencil, 'concluding' underscored in ink. [130] Wild...houses.] ink. [BC] [50 P]] pencil. [The Beagle field notebook identifiers were re-set in January 2021 meaning the page counters were reset to 0. At that time this notebook had 19241 visits
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A780
Beagle Library:
Greenough, George Bellas. 1834. Anniversary address (1834). Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 2: 44-70.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page] 42 Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Geological Society, on the 21st of February 1834, by GEORGE BELLAS GREENOUGH, Esq. President. GENTLEMEN, You have learned from the Report of the Council that the Society has considerably gained in number since the last Annual Meeting. So large an accession of members shows the growing popularity of our science, and is at once a gratifying reward of your past exertions and a sure presage of your further
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CUL-DAR34.186-187
Note:
1834.01.26--1834.01.30
Geological diary: C. Virgins, Tierra del Fuego
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sounds, also from the West rocks. — This great alluvial plain, has chiefly been subject to alluvial action. — Did it happen at elevation of country, water rushing through the channel of Magellan Beagle leaving at most entries great beds
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CUL-DAR34.188-189
Note:
1834.01.31--1834.02.01,1834.02.11--1834.02.12
Geological diary: Magdalen Island & Cape Negro, Tierra del Fuego
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of FitzRoy channel. Cape [Graves] same nature as Beagle Hills table land lofty. Many great block in Shoal harbor (same date with that at St Sebastian?): there generally is at Cape Negro not very much rounded. In alluvial cliffs same character but many rounded. I can fancy in great rush of detritus with earthy matter, partial more rapid currents. bearing gravels, forms curved plates amongst the softer matter. Hills about 5 miles to the South of cape Negro, are rounded wooded saddle backs. in
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CUL-DAR34.188-189
Note:
1834.01.31--1834.02.01,1834.02.11--1834.02.12
Geological diary: Magdalen Island & Cape Negro, Tierra del Fuego
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Beagle Channel. = at the foot of cliff, some blocks. (high water, one of quartz rock. no at 1..8 specimen circum 14.8. [sketch]: another said oval. no. D 1.3. same circum: many some half many 1/2 size. Washed from Alluvium? or brought by tides
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(a) 880 Flustra with cells on one side of branch: Beagle Channel: 15 Fathom: Polypus essentially the same as in the above animal; stem (AB) as might be supposed from form of cell is longer in proportion; near point of junction, revolving organ was visible, but the greatest difference was in the regular oval figure of the organ, which in the above animal is kidney-shaped, in being much more distinctly divided from the cæcum: point of junction is merely a neck.— I could not count the arms or
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CUL-DAR34.194-195
Note:
1834.02
Geological diary: At C Espirito Santo high cliffs commence which abound with horizontal
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sandstone in alluvium (1848). The Beagle Channel Sts of Magellan ( probably Useless Bay) [afformed] main exit for this alluvium intermediate [span] protected by C. Monmouth Hose Peak, produced this deposit; When the Sts of Magellan were cut through this filled of detritus, the low land which connects St. Sebastian Useless bay (in line) was cut through (even if the water has not b even lately been joined). — On the SE coast were some immense blocks of crystalline rocks, perhaps deposited at
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cells, which fill up the mass.— Could perceive no currents.— Adhæres to sea-weed.— Hab: same as above.— Crust. Mac: 860 March 1st.— East end of Beagle Channel.— Roots of Fucus G. Back Hyacinth brownish red with oblong marks spots of gem-like ultra-marine blue . one white transverse mark longitudinal one on tail; 1st great legs, same color as body, but penultimate limb centre part white edged with do blue . anti-penultimate ringed with white, do blue do red . other limbs legs with basal limbs
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.— which has 3 sinuosities, central one greatest deepest; there are fine dots of black on it: Branchiæ. on right side, large, forming a pyramidal mass of tufts.— 10 Fathom: roots of Fucus Giganticus. East end of Beagle Cha[nnel] Octopus 862 General color. Hyacinth red . which appeared when viewed through lens in fine dots: the animal being left in impure water frightened, the arms basal connecting membranes would become quite white, sometimes however leaving patches of the red on the arms or body
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Tierra del Fuego 1834 March 1st Crepidula copied each sack, sometimes more or less: the young shells were crawling about in the interior; every part seemed perfect.— the bars or lines of the Branchiæ were very much developed in superior part of shell.— Body large in proportion to shell: anterior part of foot much produced.— Eye black dots: general color, yellowish white. Hab: as above: Flustra (with moving beak) (874) (1874 not spirits) (a) March 1st.— East entrance of Beagle channel: adhæring
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Tierra del Fuego 1834 Flustra (encrusting) (a) 878 March 1st.— East entrance of Beagle channel.— (Pl. 9, F 1) is drawing of Polypus from one of the cells, as I extracted it.— length from tip (if contracted), arm to end of cœcum or blind gut .015:— arms 16 in number.— they rest on footstalk in which an inverted conical space is contained.— there was here a small degree of the same corpuscular motion as will be described at (K).— It would seem to act as a mouth; just beneath this the stem
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CUL-DAR34.157-176
Note:
1834.02.14--1834.03.03
Geological diary: E Coast of T[ierra] del Fuego
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high inclination rendered 1 The Beagle first anchored in Gregory Bay on 12 February 1834 (Beagle diary, p. 423). KR 161 vers
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