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straits horizontal. If we assume a dip from the line of the Andes, each elevation would affect the nearer, much more than the distant parts, hence the channel would have an inclination to sea-ward. So that in place of the whole creek being of uniform depth liable to be 1 Skyring in Tierra del Fuego: Beagle diary, p. 419. KR 108v [blank] 10
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5) being nearly 800 miles. We may hence certainly infer that these such plains have been elevated from beneath the sea within the period, which shells exposed to atmospherical changes could partially retain their color animal nature. I can feel t no doubt, but that the space is much greater; the similarity of nature height in formation S. of Beagle Channel (I never landed in the most likely parts so did not find any shells). renders the contemporaneous elevation almost certain. in the same
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CUL-DAR34.190-191
Note:
1834.05.28--1834.05.29
Geological diary: East coast of T. del Fuego & Sts of Magellan
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by new alluvium: hence trees: proximity climate detritus. Upon elevation, C. Monm. island: Freshwater range, protected by Brunswick peninsula: Gregory. Beagle hills. termination. Patagonia: during elevations with more open seas. every thing was removed (no vestiges of 350 cliff). Elevation caused western barriers. deposits commenced. 190 vers
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porphyritic to represent the general appearance. it is curious to see (B) so very much altered A not, although quite surrounded. Were the fragments (B) brought from below? The greenstone resembles in appearance the rock of the SW arm of the Beagle Channel that found in the midst of the singular rocks of Hardy Peninsula: I was much pleased to see it here cutting overlying altering the slate. From general appearance I have no doubt that all the West side of Magdalen Channel is of this greenstone; the higher
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. 1836 Pxx The upper parts of M. Wellington, a mountain 3100 ft close to Hobart town is formed very similarly with this. The veins of greenstone are even perhaps more magnificent, but the absence antiquity of fresh all the fractures was very clearly to be seen. 1 This is a reference to the Beagle diary, p. 253: 17th [August 1834] We climbed up to the highest ridge of the rough mass of greenstone. The rock as is so generally the case was much shattered broken into angular fragments. I observed
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is quite level so abuts against the lofty sides it has a considerable dip to seaward, as shown by the torrent-like 1 This is a reference to the Beagle diary. 404 vers
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'Pediculus. Chiloe.' [Beagle insect notes] (7.1834) CUL-DAR29.1.C2 Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker. (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) C2 [continued from CUL-DAR29.1.C1] 1834. Pediculus.1 Chiloe. July These disgusting vermin are very abundant in Chiloe: several people have assured me that they are quite different from the Lice in England: they are said to be much larger and softer (hence will not crack under the nail) they infest the body even more than the head.— I should suppose
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time to examine them. All these dykes are exactly parallel, running N 50° W. 1 Charles Richardson Johnson Mate on the Beagle, see Narrative 2, Mr Johnstone is mentioned twice in the Beagle diary, pp. 60, 207. 253 vers
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(a) ؟ In same manner as on T del Fuego the SW dip preponderates over the NE? This maceous schist formation is part of the general base of America belongs probably to the gneiss of Chili. What is the nature of the outer coast between C. Tres Montes Sts of Magellan? South of this latter point Desolation Isd is said to consist of granite; which, as we see further to the S. in Beagle channel X, perhaps has been or is the nucleus of crystalline slates. May this be considered as the constitution of
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CUL-DAR35.259-266
Note:
[1834].12.21--[1834].12.23
Geological diary: Port St Andrew — Cone Harbor...Tres Montes
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traverses the scoriae sediment? If so this igneous volcanic action has metamorphized the slates (it is well 1 Charles Richardson Johnson Mate on the Beagle, see Narrative 2, Mr Johnstone is mentioned twice in the Beagle diary pp. 60, 207. 263 vers
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Charles Darwin H.M.S Beagle May 31st Owe Capt FR 6 5 riales + 2 6 Marianos keep compass 20 Riales in Quillota 3 Pesos Coquimbo Don Pedro Jose Barrio Potrero Grande Hills with shells [page 1
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Chancellor and van Wyhe eds. 'Coquimbo'. Beagle field notebook. EH1.16 [English Heritage 88202336] Transcribed and edited by Gordon Chancellor, John van Wyhe and Kees Rookmaaker. (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) [front cover] [inside front cover
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Costa de Leon Letter Paper to pay to Chaffers1 Falkland fossils Tropical? [Ell] 1 Edward Main Chaffers, Master of the Beagle. [page 18b] [Galapagos notes begin on this page
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Chancellor and van Wyhe eds. 'Copiapò' Beagle field notebook. EH1.7 [English Heritage 88202327] Transcribed and edited by Gordon Chancellor, John van Wyhe and Kees Rookmaaker. (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) [front cover] Coquimbo to Copiap [front cover
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The Beagle called in on the 23rd of April. Valparaiso Lima = Isd of Fronton Lorenzo said to be united? Foxes Mice Rats. passage said to be much smaller V Freziers1 Chart 1 Amédée-François Frézier (1682-1773), French engineer and explorer. Frézier 1717. [page 13a
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14th [October 1835] Wandered about Bird collecting Iguana1 shakes head vertically; sea one no = dozes, hind legs stretched out walks very slowly sleeps closes eyes Eats much Cactus: Mr Bynoe2 saw one 1 Galapagos land iguana, listed as Amblyrhynchus cristatus in Reptiles, p. 23; see Zoology notes, pp. 295-7. 2 Benjamin Bynoe (1803-1865), assistant Surgeon on the Beagle. [page 43b
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[coton] tree. Big tree Misseltoe1 tree on various other kinds ¾ plants in flower Duck2 male Bitterns3 2 Female 1 Possibly specimen 3244 (Phoradendron henslovii) in Beagle plants, p. 182. 2 Specimen not in spirits 3299 in Zoology notes, p. 413; listed as Pæcilonitta bahamensis in Birds, p. 135. 3 Specimen not in spirits 3300 in Zoology notes, p. 413; listed as Nycticorax violaceus in Birds, p. 128. [page 29a
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[Printed label:] VELVET PAPER MEMORANDUM BOOK. So prepared as effectually to secure the writing from erasure; with a METALLIC PENCIL, the point of which is not liable to break. The point of the pencil should be kept smoothly scraped flat in writing it should be held in the manner of a common Pen. Charles Darwin H.M.S. Beagle Oliva 2 [Penus] Barnacles Pecten [mien] [Granitic] blocks [Trigona] inclined strata Bones no [petrel] drift pebbles high up. NE [lan] NW dip SW 25 8 __ 200 14/ 179 / 14
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here than in Valparaiso hardly expect any rain till end of May All think Beagle Smuggler complained of want of confidence features of country same. No cattle. Monday 4th. [May 1835] Conchalee to Illapel. various Granitic Syenitic in the lower ravines beautiful Granite, fine black scales of Mica: a miner described the mine of Las Vacas as occurring in this rock Cuesta of Las Vacas lower parts chiefly Feldspar Quartz, much harsh rocks Euritic Quartzose, as in the Prado: higher up a small [page
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. For this and the following anecdote see Beagle diary, p. 330. [page 76
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Spunge Olla [cho] Blacking Milton1 Clothes Washed Shoes blacking Gertrudio = Griffin Lambert Chiffles write Letters Gypsum Valley of Coquimbo Ill Almaraz Tongoy. mixture of white Feldspar green Chloritic mineral; the Tertiary strata are found there with Bones: Tortoralillo dark Syenitic Greenstone 1 John Milton. As Darwin wrote in his Autobiography, p. 85, 'Formerly Milton's Paradise Lost had been my chief favourite, and in my excursions during the voyage of the Beagle, when I could take only
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October 1834. 2 Mariano Gonzales, Darwin's hired guide in Chile. 3 Possibly Nicholas White (b. 1806), Second 'Master' on the Beagle. [page 6b
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to examine a Black Volcanic district deserving name of Craterized Met a 2 immense Turpin:1 [hiss], took little notice of me. They well match the rugged Lava. Eating a Prickly Pear which is well known to 1 Galapagos tortoise. Darwin recorded in the Beagle diary entry for 21 September 1835: 'In my walk I met two very large Tortoises (circumference of shell about 7 ft). One was eating a Cactus then quietly walked away. The other gave a deep loud hiss then drew back his head.' p. 354. [page 21b
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F1576
Periodical contribution:
Stoddart, D. R. ed. 1962. Coral islands by Charles Darwin: with introduction, map and remarks. Atoll Research Bulletin no. 88: 1-20.
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distribution of coral reefs. London, 1842, 214 p. 4. Autobiography, 1958, p. 98-99. See also Professor C. M. Yonge's essay Darwin and coral reefs, in: S. A. Barnett, editor, A Century of Darwin. London, 1958, p. 245-266. 5. Charles Darwin's Diary of the voyage of HMS Beagle. Edited from the MS by Lady N. Barlow. Cambridge, 1933, 541 p. See p. 400. 6. In Lady N. Barlow, editor: Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle. London, 1945, 279 p. See p. 137. 7. Coral Islands, manuscript, p. 4-5
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A644
Periodical contribution:
Anon. 1836-7. [Reports of Darwin's communications read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society 1835-7]. The London and Edinburgh philosophical magazine and journal of science 8, no. 43 (January 1836): 79, 80; 10, no. 61 (April 1837): 316.
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Philosophical Society for 14 December 1835, item 6 records: 'communications from C. Darwin, Esq., on Viviparous Lizards and on Red Snow'. The 'red snow' was first recorded in the St. Fe notebook, p. 126a and discussed in an entry dated 20 March 1835 in Zoology notes, pp. 286-7; Beagle diary, p. 309, Journal of researches, pp. 394-5, and Beagle plants, pp. 207-9. Keynes identified the 'spores' as the alga Chlamydomonas nivalis, Zoology notes, p. 288. The lizards collected by Darwin, Claude Gay, and
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, Whylootacke seen by the Beagle, where a group of small hilly islands are encircled by one grand reef, or as in Whylootacke, (seen by the Beagle) when one single one is so situated, it becomes a question in which of the two classes they ought to be arranged. In the Isd. of Caledonia, as drawn on a large scale in Krusensterns Kruesenstern Atlas, the reef will be seen prolonged at each extremity. encircling the continuation, Kruesenstern] pencil clarification of the poorly written same name in ink. * Ellis
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 1 El Presidente de la República de Chile El naturalista Carlos Darwin, como miembro de la Comisión conferida por el Gobierno de S. M. B. al Comandante del buque denominado Beagle, Roberto Fitz Roy, intenta visitar todos los puntos de la República que crea a propósito para llenar por su parte dicha Comisión. En su consecuencia ordeno a los Intendentes de las Provincias, gobernadores y jueces, por cuyos territorios transitáre y operáre, no pongan al
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), Professor of Mineralogy at the Natural History Museum in Paris and co-author with George Cuvier in 1811 of the classic geological description of the Paris Basin. The specific reference may be to Brongniart 1833 which was in the Beagle library (Correspondence vol. 1, p. 558) and is referred to in the geological diary (DAR 35.396). [page 73
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the spine, in pencil. [131-2] top of leaf excised. [135-6] leaf partly excised. [The Beagle field notebook identifiers were re-set in January 2021 meaning the page counters were reset to 0. At that time this notebook had 15538 visits
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] Gualliguaica…[Darguia]] in FitzRoy's handwriting? 366..15] written upside down from other entries on page. [130] Douglass...shells.] written upside down from other entries on page. [131] 70...15] written upside down from other entries on page. [132] Chiffles] ink. [IBC] Arqueros] not in Darwin's handwriting. Mar G…Jose ?] written perpendicular to the spine. 14... .6] ink. [The Beagle field notebook identifiers were re-set in January 2021 meaning the page counters were reset to 0. At that time
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.] ink. [IBC] Anchored…Cove] written perpendicular to the spine. [1b] in two places] ink. numerous ink marks appear to be nib tests. [12b] Callejon la Maravilla] not in Darwin's handwriting? [13b-14b] lower third of leaf excised. [31b] age...great] added ink. [51b] 30...50] ink. [52b] small ink marks appear to be nib tests. [The Beagle field notebook identifiers were re-set in January 2021 meaning the page counters were reset to 0. At that time this notebook had 228,410 visits
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F1576
Periodical contribution:
Stoddart, D. R. ed. 1962. Coral islands by Charles Darwin: with introduction, map and remarks. Atoll Research Bulletin no. 88: 1-20.
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Appendix: Works referred to by Charles Darwin In 'Coral Islands' Darwin makes reference to some fourteen books and papers, listed below. It is probable that not all of these were carried on the Beagle, and the references derive from other sources. For example, Darwin did not read other languages with ease, and his knowledge of the work of Quoy and Gaimard almost certainly derives from De la Beche's 'Geological Manual.' To trace the books relevant to the coral work which Darwin actually had
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F1576
Periodical contribution:
Stoddart, D. R. ed. 1962. Coral islands by Charles Darwin: with introduction, map and remarks. Atoll Research Bulletin no. 88: 1-20.
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Coral Islands by Charles Darwin with Introduction, map and remarks by D. R. Stoddart Introduction Charles Darwin, writing in his Autobiography towards the end of his life, looked back to some of his earliest scientific work associated with the voyage of the Beagle, and was able to reflect with high satisfaction on solving the problem of coral-islands. 1 During the Beagle expedition Darwin had crossed the Pacific Ocean, calling at Tahiti, and then the Indian Ocean, making his famous
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A644
Periodical contribution:
Anon. 1836-7. [Reports of Darwin's communications read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society 1835-7]. The London and Edinburgh philosophical magazine and journal of science 8, no. 43 (January 1836): 79, 80; 10, no. 61 (April 1837): 316.
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Feb. 27. [...] Mr. C. Darwin exhibited various specimens of rocks, collected by him in a voyage round the world, made in His Majesty's ship Beagle, Capt. Fitzroy, and occupying five years. These specimens were tubes of fused sand (produced by lightening?) found near the Rio Plata; a white calcereous incrustation alternately formed and removed on the rocks of Ascension Island by a periodical change in the direction of the swell; a black incrustation formed by the spray on the tidal rocks at
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Londres View up the valley very striking on a clear day infinity of crossing lines blending together 1 Guasco (Huasco). 2 'I called in the evening at the house of the Governador ; the Signora was a Lime[n]ian affected blue-stockingism superiority over her neighbours. Yet this learned lady never could have seen a Map. Mr Hardy told me that one day a coloured Atlas was lying on a Pianoforte this lady seeing it exclaimed, Esta es contradanca . This is a country dance! que bonita how pretty!' Beagle
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F1
Pamphlet:
Darwin, C. R. [1835]. [Extracts from letters addressed to Professor Henslow]. Cambridge: [privately printed].
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-bed there is one of gravel, which fills up inequalities in its interior; and above this, and therefore high out of the water, is one of such modern shells that they retain their colour and emit a bad smell when burnt. Patagonia must clearly have lately risen from the water. ________________ MONTE VIDEO, November 12, 1833. I LEFT the Beagle at the Rio Negro, and crossed by land to Buenos Ayres. There is now carrying on a bloody war of extermination against the Indians, by which I was able to make
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F1
Pamphlet:
Darwin, C. R. [1835]. [Extracts from letters addressed to Professor Henslow]. Cambridge: [privately printed].
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me much trouble. I at last got away and joined the Beagle. ________________ E. FALKLAND ISLAND, March, 1834. I HAVE been alarmed by your expression cleaning all the bones, as I am afraid the printed numbers will be lost: the reason I am so anxious they should [page] 1
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F1576
Periodical contribution:
Stoddart, D. R. ed. 1962. Coral islands by Charles Darwin: with introduction, map and remarks. Atoll Research Bulletin no. 88: 1-20.
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The Beagle had been working on the west coast of South America in the earlier part of 1835, and it would therefore be of interest to know when and in what form Darwin first expressed his ideas. In the original Diary of the voyage, he describes the effect of the sight of the reef-encircled Eimeo (Moorea), as seen from Tahiti on 17th November 1835, and on 12th April 1836, in his description of Cocos-Keeling, he plunges into his theory without further ado (this passage was much extended when the
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* ' (a)'] marginal pencil. '(a)' pencil. * Beechey 1831, vol. 1, p. 64 Elizabeth=Henderson's Island; Savage p. 61. * Forster 1778, pp. 147-48. * Moorea. Darwin described seeing the encircling reef of Moorea from the mountains of Tahiti in his 17 November 1835 entry in the Beagle diary, pp. 368-9: The island is completely encircled by a reef, with the exception of one small gateway; at this distance a narrow but well defined line of brilliant white where the waves first encountered the wall of coral
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F1
Pamphlet:
Darwin, C. R. [1835]. [Extracts from letters addressed to Professor Henslow]. Cambridge: [privately printed].
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possessing only front legs. 3 Venomous snakes, including copperheads and water moccasins. 4 Rattlesnakes. 5 Old World venomous snakes. 6 John Milton (1608-1674), poet. Paradise lost 4. 799-800. Darwin recalled in his Autobiography (p. 85): 'Formerly Milton's Paradise Lost had been my chief favourite, and in my excursions during the voyage of the Beagle, when I could take only a single small volume, I always chose Milton.' 7 A genus of bryozoans; marine leaf-like collonial animals. [page]
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F1
Pamphlet:
Darwin, C. R. [1835]. [Extracts from letters addressed to Professor Henslow]. Cambridge: [privately printed].
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, accompanying the Beagle, on the first surveying expedition to South America, 1826-1830, and author of Narrative 1. [page] 1
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F1
Pamphlet:
Darwin, C. R. [1835]. [Extracts from letters addressed to Professor Henslow]. Cambridge: [privately printed].
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to burst their envelope and become attached to some basis. I believe that in Zoophites universally, the gemmule produces a single polypus, which afterwards or at the same time grows with its cell, or single articulation. The Beagle left the strait of Magellan in the middle of winter: she found her road out by a wild unfrequented channel; well might Sir J. Nasborough2 call the west coast South Desolation, because it is so desolate a land 1 Marie-Jules-César Lelorgne de Savigny (1777-1851
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F1576
Periodical contribution:
Stoddart, D. R. ed. 1962. Coral islands by Charles Darwin: with introduction, map and remarks. Atoll Research Bulletin no. 88: 1-20.
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encircled by one grand reef, or as in Whylootacke. (seen by the Beagle) when one single one is so situated, it becomes a question in which of the two classes they ought to be arranged.— In the Isd. of Caledonia, as drawn on a large scale in Krusenstern's Atlas, the reef will be seen prolonged at each extremity. encircling the continuation, [page]
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F1
Pamphlet:
Darwin, C. R. [1835]. [Extracts from letters addressed to Professor Henslow]. Cambridge: [privately printed].
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(1796-1861), Cambridge clergyman, botanist and mineralogist. He became Darwin's scientific mentor when at Cambridge and received and preserved Darwin's Beagle specimens during the voyage. [page 2
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Darwin, C. R. 'Chiloe Janr. 1835' [Beagle field notes]. CUL-DAR35.328,328a-328j Transcribed by Gordon Chancellor and John van Wyhe. (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) [328] Chiloe Janr. 1835 binder: cut away blank pages page in ink. binder...pages] not in Darwin's hand. [328v] [blank] [328a] [blank] [328av
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external appearance, that I saw other dykes. The cleavage where most regular, was inclined at a small 5°-10° (or were horizontal) to the E by N: where in some places where more highly inclined it dipped more northerly, even to NE by N: This locality is some miles to the ENE of the high granite mountain of the ESE WNW ranges 1 Beagle diary pp. 277-8: 4th The NW winds continued to prevail we only managed to cross a sort of great bay anchored in an excellent harbor. — This is the place where the Anna
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The peak of Aconcagua is known by angular measurement made by the Beagle to be 2300 ft (a) I was assured by an intelligent arriero that he has seen smoke issue from the group of mountains called Tupungato. These lie about a degree S of mendoza, in the central Cordilleras. 44
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26 ). This volcano has one or two strong eruptions annually: people in Castro believe, if the Corcobado is quiet for two or three years, a strong earthquake will follow. At the foot of the mountain, there is immense quantities of pumice. 1 Bartholemew James Sulivan (1810-1890), second Lieutenant on the Beagle. 444 vers
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Cordilleras.– at Rialeja, from morning of Jan 20th to 23d there was a tremendous eruption, the air sky for a long time being blackened (B), with ashes.– In a New Orleans paper dated Feb. 7th, there is a letter from Omoa giving an account of several towns being demolished 5 volcanos having burst out near Truxillo.– Was it not December that S. Martha was overthrown with such destruction of human life? – On Jan 19th (1835) we saw from the Beagle anchored at S. Carlos. the at midnight the volcano of Osorno
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CUL-DAR36.452-461
Note:
1835.02.00--1835.06.00
Geological diary: Valleys — Cordilleras — Chili
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borne out by the Lima fact of sloping of bed of river, terminated by descent of 40 ft. Probably not anticlinal. [sketch] V. Private Journal1 1 Beagle diary. 46
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