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1832 Septemb 7th very disagreeable to us. so that the Captain determined to start early in the morning back to the Beagle. The Settlement is seated on a dead level turf plain, it contains about 400 inhabitants; of which the greater number are soldiers: The place is fortified, good occasion they have for it: The place has been attacked several times by large bodies of Indians. The War is carried on in the most barbarous manner. The Indians torture all their prisoners the Spaniards shoot theirs
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both by the Month intends sending officers in each who will survey this intricate coast whilst the Beagle (after returning to M Video) will proceed to the South. By this means the time spent on the Eastern coast will be much shorter this is hailed with joy by everybody. Mr Harris will immediately go to Rio Negro to bring the vessels soon after that we shall return to the Rio Plata. Sunday 9th In the morning divine service was read on the lower deck. After dinner a large party of officers went on
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on shore very little food left. We made a sort of tent or screen with the boats sails prepared to pass the night. It was very cold, but by all huddling in a heap, we managed pretty well till the rain began, then we were sufficiently miserable. 3d At day-break things wore a very bad appearance. The sky looked dirty it blew a gale of wind; a heavy surf was roaring on the beach; what was the worst of all the men thought this weather would last. The Beagle was pitching very deeply we thought it not
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the cold at night there was no remedy. Nothing would break the wind, which was so cold that there was snow in the morning on the Sierra de Ventana. I never knew how painful cold could be. I was unable to sleep even for a minute from my body shivering so much. The men also who swam for the provisions suffered extremely, from not being able to get warm again. 4th By the middle of the next day we were all on board the Beagle most throughily after our little adventure did we enjoy its luxuries. In the
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1832 Octob: 16th Again I walked to Punta alta to look for fossil bones: on the road I crossed the track of a large herd of the Guanaco or American Camel. the marks were as large as a cow, but more cloven. We laid in a good stock of fresh provisions for sea; as 6 deer were shot great numbers of fish caught. 17th The Beagle the two Schooners, forming a little fleet sailed together anchored at night in the entrance of the Bay. 18th We continued to sound. At noon the Schooners made sail to the
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geology of the country. — I trust when the Beagle returns for the winter to the Rio Plata I shall be able to make some long excursions in this unpicturesque but curious country. — Buenos Ayres is an excellent place for making purchases; there are many shops kept by Englishmen full of English goods. — Indeed the whole town has more of an European look than any I have seen in S. America. One is called back to the true locality, both by the Gauchos riding through the streets with their gay coloured
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1832 Novemb: 6th often disappointed, one never saw one of their charming backs without crying out, how beautiful she must be . — 7th We expected to have gone on board to day, but from bad weather other causes the sailing of the Beagle has been deferred for a few days. — In the evening Capt. Fitz Roy myself dined at Mr Gores, the English Charge d'affaires. We had a very pleasant evening: we met there Colonel Harcourt Vernon, one of the most rare instances of a tourist leaving the beaten tracks
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the vessels. — They had a fine passage from Bahia Blanca; but during the month they have been surveying these coasts, there has been much dirty weather; a little wind soon raises a great sea. — The report of the Bay of San Blas is so bad, that I suppose we shall not enter it. — 4th We ran down alongside the Schooners; all the necessary business between them the Beagle was carried on with the greatest activity: — The morning passed away most merrily in hearing relating everything which has
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1832 Sunday Decemb: 16th We made the coast of Tierra del Fuego a little to the South of Cape St. Sebastian then altering our course ran along, a few miles from the shore. — The Beagle had never visited this part before; so that it was new to every body. — Our ignorance whether any natives lived here, was soon cleared up by the usual signal of a smoke. — shortly by the aid of glasses we could see a group some scattered Indians evidently watching the ship with interest. — They must have lighted
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the very summit. — The view was very fine, expecially of Staten Land the neighbouring hills; Good Success Bay with the little Beagle were close beneath me. In ascending the bare summit, I came close to two Guanaco in the course of my walk saw several more. — These beautiful [page] 273 Tierra del Fueg
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most diminutive I ever saw; altogether most throughily enjoyed the walk. — 21st The Beagle got under weigh at 4 AM. — doubtless to the grief of the Fuegians: The same evening we were with them they departed in a body, but yesterday they returned with a reinforcement of natives [page] 275 Tierra del Fueg
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, about 3 oclock doubled the old-weather-beaten Cape Horn. — The evening was calm bright we enjoyed a fine view of the surrounding isles. — The height of the hills varies from 7 or 800 to 1700, together they form a grand irregular chain. — Cape Horn however demanded his tribute by night sent us a gale right in our teeth. — 23rd With close-reefed sail the Beagle made good weather of it; much to her credit fell nothing to leeward. — 24th In the morning of the 24th Cape Horn was on our weather bow
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1832 Decemb: 25th we could scarcely credit that man existed in it. — On our return on board, we were told we had been seen from the ship: this we knew to be impossible, as the Beagle is anchored at the mouth of the harbor close under a lofty peak, behind which is Katers. As it was certain men had been seen crawling over the rock on this hill, they must have been Fuegians. — From their position, all our parties were in view. — what must have been their feelings of astonishment. — the whole of
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the SW. — 2nd, 3rd This is always accompanied by constant rain a heavy sea; now after four days beating we have scarcely gained a league. Can there be imagined a more disagreeable way of passing time? — Whilst weathering the Diego Ramirez rocks, the Beagle gave an unusual instance of good sailing; with closed reefed topsails courses a great sea running, close hauled to the wind she made 7 1/2 knots. 4th to 9th During all these precious days we have been beating day night against the Westerly
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1833 January 4th — 9th were rather to leeward of them. — After this the wind was steady from the NW with much rain, we drifted down to the Latitude of 57° .. 23'. — On the 8th it blew what Sailors term a strong gale (it is the first we have had) the Beagle is however so good a sea-boat, that it makes no great difference. To day (9th) the weather has been a little better, but now at night the wind is again drawing to the old quarter. — We doubled Cape Horn on the 21st, since which we have
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close reefed main topsail. — We then continued with merely the trysails storm stay sail. Sunday 13th The gale does not abate: if the Beagle was not an excellent sea-boat our tackle in good condition, we should be in distress. A less gale has dismasted foundered many a good ship. The worst part of the business is our not exactly knowing our position: it has an awkward sound to hear the officers repeatedly telling the look out man to look well to leeward. — Our horizon was limited to a small compass
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after a wearying search in a large bay did not succeed. I find I have suffered an irreparable loss from yesterdays disaster, in my drying paper plants being wetted with salt-water. — Nothing resists the force of an heavy sea; it forces open doors sky lights, spreads universal damage. — None but those who have tried it, know the miseries of a really heavy gale of wind. — May Providence keep the Beagle out of them. — 15th Standing to the East, we found a most excellent anchorage in Goree Sound
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1833 Jan: 15th there will be some boat expeditions. The object of our disastrous attempt to get to the Westward was to go to the Fuegian York Minsters, country. — Where we now are is Jemmy Buttons most luckily York Minster from his free choice intends to live here with Matthews Jemmy. — Goree Sound is situated by Lennox Island near to the Eastern entrance of Beagle channell. — 16th The Captain took two boats to search for a good place for the settlement. — We landed walked some miles across
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proceeded by the outside coast to the Southern entrance or arm of the Beagle Ch. thus commenced our return. 4th 5th Nothing happened till the evening before reentering Ponsonby Sound. — We met a large body of Fuegians, had a regular auction to purchase fish; by the means of old [page] 298 Tierra del Fueg
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1833 March 1st Capt: Fitz Roy has offered to take them 22 in number in the Beagle to purchase for the on account of the owners, any stores which we may want. The rest must be sacrificed. — 2nd Mr Dixon, the English resident, came on board. — What a strange solitary life his must be: it is surprising to see how Englishmen find their way to every corner of the globe. I do not suppose there is an inhabited civilized place where they are not to be found. — 3rd Took a long walk; this side of the
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vessel of 170 tuns, drawing 10 feet of water, and an excellent sea-boat. If the Admiralty sanction the provisioning payment of men, this day will be an important one in the history of the Beagle. — Perhaps it may shorten our Cruise, anyhow it will double the work done; when at sea, it is always pleasant to be sailing in company; the consort affords an object of attention to break the monotomous horizon of the ocean. 29th The English Schooner will not conveniently carry all the Frenchmen of the
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1833 April 15th visit. Mr Wickham will go in the Beagle to Maldonado Mr Stokes will remain in command. — This arrangement has materially affected me as the Captain has offered that one of the little Schooners, should take me up to the Rio Negro, after staying a few days in the Bay of St Joseph. — For the sake of the geology this is of the highest interest to me; otherwise the passage in so small a vessel will be sufficiently uncomfortable. — 16th We have been standing, during the day, across
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. — The Beagle sails tomorrow for M. Video will return in about a fortnight. — 2nd 3rd The torrents of rain almost entirely prevent me doing anything. It is impossible to go any distance into the country; as all the rivers are unusually full, a bridge is an invention scarcely known in these parts. — The city of Maldonado is in reality only a very small village; as is universally the case in Spanish, town, all the streets run in parallel lines cutting each other at right angles. — in the centre is the
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1833 July 3d — 7th All hands of the Beagle continue to be employed in working at the Schooner (for the future the Unicorn). My occupations likewise are the same I do not stir out of the Ship. 8th It was discovered to day that one of the Mates, belonging to the Unicorn, had formerly been in the President, a vessel supposed to be piratical which brought the English man of war, the Black Joke, to action. It has, since the Trial, been suspected that this same ship took murdered every soul on board
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at night, making a good passage. — Sunday 14th Enjoyed the rarity of clear, cloudless sky; the weather is cold; in the morning on shore there was some hoar frost. — 15th, 16th, 17th The Schooners name has been changed into that of Adventure , in commemoration of the Corvette employed in the former voyage with the Beagle, likewise as being the name of one of Captain Cooks ships therefore classical to all Surveying vessels. — All hands have been employed in getting her masts in bringing on board
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returned within the mouth of the river. The Beagle stood out to sea to survey some of outer banks which employment will occupy her a week. — We joined the other Schooner I spent a very pleasant evening in hearing all their adventures. Every one in them may thank providence that he has returned in safety. To survey an unknown coast in a vessel of 11 tuns, with one inch plank to live out the in open sea the same gale in which we lost our whale-boat, was no ordinary service. — It seems wonderful
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ransacked. — The real danger lay with the lawless soldiery within; they robbed many people in the day time, at night the very sentinels stopped people to demand money from them. — 2d With sufficient trouble got on board the Packet; found it crowded with men, women children, glad to escape from so miserable a town. 3d 4th After a long passage, arrived at M: Video; I went on board the Beagle: Was astonished to hear we were not to sail till the beginning of [page] 393 M: Vide
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particular manner of sailing the vessel is a ticklish operation. — Having passed the narrows, made sail: in a few minutes we struck rather heavily on a rock; — the tide was ebbing, but with good fortune she struck only twice more then went over. — The Beagle, in her last voyage, struck in [page] 414 Port St Julia
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at the place where the water nearly ceases to be fresh. — A tent party was left to try to shoot some Guanaco. — 8th We arrived on board a little after noon; found the Beagle with her masts up, fresh painted as gay as a frigate. — Almost every one is discontented with this expedition; much hard work, much time lost scarcely any thing seen or gained. — We have however to thank our good fortune, in enjoying constant fine dry weather blue skys. To me the Cruise has been most satisfactory, from
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reconnoitre each other. — 23rd to 31st Late in the night the Beagle Adventure came to an anchor. — When morning came everything appeared delightful; after Chiloe T. del Fuego we felt the climate quite delicious; the sky so clear blue, the air so dry the sun so bright, that all nature seemed sparkling with life. — The view from the Anchorage is very pretty; the town is built at on the very foot of [a] range of hills, which are 1600 feet high, tolerably steep; the surface is worn into numberless little
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time all on board have worn cloth clothese; although no one would complain of cold, still less would they of too much warmth. — The case would be very different if we were cruising on the Atlantic side of the Continent. 17th The Beagle was moved into St Stephens harbor. We found there an American Whaler we previously had seen two at Hoods Island. — [page] 605 Galapagos Isd
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mark the spot where a former land lies buried in the depths of the ocean. — [Marginal note, probably in Hensleigh Wedgwood's hand:] Good, but the 1st pt not quite clear The Beagle stood over to the Northern Isd, distant about 12 miles. This likewise is a small Lagoon Isd, but its centre is nearly filled up: the entrance is not deep enough even for a boat to enter. — The plan being completed; in the evening a course was taken for the Isle of France. — 29th (21) In the morning we passed round the
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with Mr Sulivan to examine several interesting features in the geology of the surrounding mountains. — 18th In the afternoon put to sea; our usual ill fortune followed us; first with a gale of wind, then with scarcely any wind at all. 29th The Beagle crossed the Tropic of Capricorn for the sixth last time. — We were surprised grieved by finding light northerly breezes, within limits generally occupied by a strong trade wind. — July 8th In the morning arrived off St Helena. (23) This island, the
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sorry on the morning of the 14th, to descend to the town. — Before noon I was on board, the Beagle made sail for Ascension. — (24) 19th Reached the anchorage in the afternoon, received some letters. This alone with such a surrounding scene, was capable of producing pleasant sensations. (25) Those who have beheld a volcanic Island, situated within an arid climate, [page] 747 Ascensio
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Narrative Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle, between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the Globe. 3 Vols and an Appendix. Henry Colburn, 1839. Correspondence 1 - 6 The Correspondence of Charles Darwin. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt and Sydney Smith. Vol. 1. 1821-1836. Vol. 6. 1856-1857. Cambridge University Press, 1985-1990. Cuvier Le règne animale. By
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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primitive but abundant pelagic coelenterate which had been described by Quoy Gaimard as Dianœa exigua in 1827. 3 It was a calm day! See Beagle Diary p. 82. 4 There was some confusion in the labelling of the drawings in Plate 4. The relevant Figs. for Dianœa are 2, 3, (3), 4 and 5. Plate 5, Figs. 1-4 [CD P. 70 commences] Biphora1allied to Plate 5: Body transparent, spherical, incurved at the poles. Length about .4. Fig 1: represents it as seen under microscope, from extreme [page] 64 RIO DE
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Pseudogeoplana pending further anatomical studies. 3 Listed in Zoology 5:49 as Bufo Chilensis Bibr. Specimen 1025 on p. 275 was the same species. 4 See Beagle Diary p. 277. 5 Listed in Zoology 5:41-2 as Alsodes monticola Mihi. 6 Not listed in Zoology 5. Plate 18, Figs. 1-3 [CD P. 299 continues] Cassiopœa?1PL 18 Fig 1-3 Common on all this coast; caught several feet beneath the surface. Fig 1. shows a section as in the water: diameter from edges (laid flat) 3.7 of which the margin on each side is
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Down House Notebook 63.5C.Darwin H.M.S. Beagle Printed numbers Nr. 1426-----3342 Red = 1000 + c Green = 2000 + c Yellow = 3000 + c c A animal B bird I insect S shell P plant mem: double cross: (Copy beginning): Ask me: mem: General observations at Port Desire St Julians P 210Before Falkland. General observations S. Cruz do P 260 Chiloe P 265Write myself Valparaiso P 274 Chonos Gen Obser, P 310, Introduce it before (2479) Galapagos P 340. do before No 3296 1833 October. Buenos Ayres 1426 B
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thread of calcareous matter: surfaces of thick laminæ with parallel striae as by fault.) + 1873. Dark bluish-grey slate with small crystals of altered felspar; top of hill, 2000 ft., South side of Beagle Channel, WSW Picton Is. [page 49
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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barnacles collected by CD on the Beagle eventually the subjects of his monograph on the Cirripedia31 written at Down House were always listed among the molluscs as shells, where they were still placed by Cuvier and Lamarck before J. Vaughan Thompson's discovery32 in 1830 of their metamorphoses suggested their transfer to the crustaceans. But when CD was examining a shell that at first he had doubtfully entered as the marine snail Conus (see p. 135), he decided that because of its strikingly crustacean
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Polypus is never found. [p. 99 ends] It has been suggested by Sloan45 that CD's intellectual development as a biologist was strongly influenced by his early contacts with Robert Grant26 in Edinburgh, which steered him to pursue on the Beagle a programme of research on marine invertebrates oriented from the start in the direction of transmutation. However, the validity of this proposition has to be questioned. In the first place, CD paid no special attention to corallines during the first eight
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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between La Plata central Chili, is the chief cause of this fact. I should observe, that in the few cases where I have spoken of Lima (Lat 12°) as the Northern Habitat of any species; it is probable that the real boundary lies ten degrees further north (near C. Blanco), where the arid open country of Peru is converted into the magnificent forest land of Guyaquil.' It is probable, however, that these passages were added to the Ornithological Notes shortly after the return of the Beagle to England. For
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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terrestrial animals. He was thus enabled to examine the animals occupying many different environments, and had the very good fortune to be taken by the Beagle to the Galapagos, which turned out eventually to be an ideal place, rivalled only by Hawaii and Madagascar, for studying the evolution of new species in isolated islands. In addition, the Beagle landed him at places where exceptionally informative fossils were lodged in the cliffs, and enabled him to visit the Andes and the coastal plains on
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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. Fig 10. Mantles rounded with four ridges or angles. fringed beyond the mouth. Mouth consists of a membrane stretched across the opening, with circular aperture. |21| 1 A shelled pteropod of order Thecosomata. Its measurements and those of other specimens are given in inches. 2 See Sander Rang. Manuel de l'histoire naturelle des mollusques et leurs coquilles. Paris, 1829. In Beagle Library. 3 The ship was now 150 miles from the Equator, see Beagle Diary p. 35. 4 Atlanta is a pelagic snail of
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Video at the same time as the Beagle, and CD dined with Captain Paget in Monte Video on 29 October 1832 (see Beagle Diary p. 112). 4 Cyclopoida, copepod. 5 The modern name of this jellyfish is Liriope tetraphylla. [CD P. 73 continues with a long entry crossed through vertically up to the end of P. 76, indicating its subsequent publication in a paper1] Polype ? undescribed At page (2) this animal1 is described, but having opportunity throughly to examine one, I found some curious facts. Polype
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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talking at the distance. [notes end] 1 Named by John Gould Rhea Darwinii in Zoology 3:123-5. Further material was added by CD to his account of this smaller species of Rhea when he copied it out later, and the question of the Avestruz Petise is discussed at length in Ornithological Notes pp. 271-7. 2 Conrad Martens was the second official artist on board the Beagle. For the story of how he shot the ostrich, and it was partly eaten before CD realised that it was not a young R. americana, see Beagle
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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, large, forming a pyramidal mass of tufts. 10 Fathom: roots of Fucus Giganticus. East end of Beagle Chal. Octopus 862 863 General color. Hyacinth red . which appeared when viewed through lens in fine dots: the animal being left in impure water frightened, the arms basal connecting membranes would become quite white, sometimes however leaving patches of the red on the arms or body: when irritated, or placed in fresh water, the red was driven to the surface in the space of 3 or 4 seconds: from
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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(a) 880 [note (a) for CD P. 224] Flustra with cells on one side of branch: Beagle Channel: 15 Fathom: Polypus essentially the same as in the above animal; stem (AB) as might be supposed from form of cell is longer in proportion; near point of junction, revolving organ was visible, but the greatest difference was in the regular oval figure of the organ, which in the above animal is kidney-shaped, in being much more distinctly divided from the c cum: point of junction is merely a neck. I could
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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of the soil. Yet in the Lower country, where there was water, it was but little better!. |261| 1 After following the course of the Rio Santa Cruz for 245 miles, and approaching close to Lago Argentino, FitzRoy turned back on 5 May and travelling fast with the current reached the mouth of the river on 8 May. For CD's account of the journey see Beagle Diary pp. 231-9, and for pictures painted by Conrad Martens see Beagle Record pp. 199-213. 2 Listed in Zoology 2:89 as Cavia patachonia. 3 Listed
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F1840
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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irritans L. from Chiloe, and a card mount numbered 2564 carried four unidentified lice. Kenneth Smith points out in Insect Notes pp. 43-4 that while races of human lice have been described in the literature, not enough work has been done to substantiate the observations reported by CD, leading perhaps to his later deletion of the final sentence. 2 See Beagle Diary pp. 283-5. [CD P. 316 commences with an entry referring back to a period when the Beagle was sailing northwards towards Valparaiso. The
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