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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
, rocky places, with a trunk often a foot or more in diameter; and is remarkable for its exceedingly blue foliage. It is decorated with large handsome flowers of a pale yellow color, which, though four inches wide when fully expanded, are still inferior in size to those of Protea cynaro des. Another proteaceous tree (Brabeium stellatifolium), sometimes exceeds the Wagenboom in the extent of its branches; but is smaller in the trunk. We passed many other species of the same order, and a great
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
towards the knee,. and left their brown skin exposed; but the blue English jackets, as if to compensate the deficiency, were such. as had certainly been intended for men of double the size. Their woolly heads were decorated with the new hats they had just purchased; and shoes of their own making covered their otherwise naked feet. They introduced themselves.with a respectful manner; but the Dutch they spoke was so peculiar, that I required the assistance of an interpreter. I showed them my
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
ridge of a rocky hill, over which the road passes. Hence the prospect was most extensive; bounded only by the far-distant mountains of the Bokkeveld, softened nearly into blue vapor. The Great Karro, stretched out before me, presented, at this distance, no visible object to break the evenness of the plain, or relieve the eye. The rivers and their Thorn-trees, were lost in the vast extent, and were not to be distinguished as a feature in the landscape. The road we had travelled might be traced
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
, there is a fine view of the hilly Roggeveld Karro, and beyond it, in a blue distance, of the lofty Roggeveld Mountains, or cliffs, as they really are, with respect to the country beyond them. Their even summits appeared one long, unbroken, and horizontal line, trending a great distance eastward, at the same elevation, and forming the third step or rise in the surface of Southern Africa, in advancing from the Cape of Good Hope. The. first step seems to be at the great western chain of mountains, and
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
are not now to be depended upon by the hunter, in search of these quadrupeds. A sparrow called the Koorn-vreeter, (Corn-eater)* and an undescribed species of fly-catcher, were here added to my collection. From this spot the lofty and far-extended Roggevelds-berg is visible, though distant above twenty miles. The peculiarity of the view, terminated by the blue misty outline of this gigantic precipice, induced me to add this to the number of my drawings. My men, who had scarcely any other work
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
his head, his short blue jacket, sheepskin breeches, naked legs, his gun on his Very like L. tetrandrum, but is probably the L. horridum of Thunberg: Growing amongst a variety of low shrubs, I collected Hebenstreitia integrifolia? Aptosimum depressum. C. G. 1354. Trichonema spirale, C. G. 1356. Planta exigua. Folia spiraliter contorta. Flos purpureus. Heliophila pectinata, C. G. 1362. Alyssum glomeratum Scirpus tegetalis, C. G. 1346. (Sch uenus inanis, Th.?) of which the Hottentots and Bushmen
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
obliged to stand by with their whips and drive them away, that a little might be left for the loose oxen and sheep which were still on the road a long way behind: yet, notwithstanding this precaution, the bottom of the hole being of a strong blue clay, and the oxen naturally fond of going into the middle of a pond in hot weather, the water was trampled at last to a thick mud, and none of the cattle could quench their thirst but those which drank first. Modder Gat is situated in a very extensive
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
Shallow Ford. While the rest were engaged in levelling the road down the bank, and exploring the safest part of the ford, I made a sketch of the river, from the top of the high woody bank, whence there was a broad, and far-extended view up the stream; the smooth water, like a polished mirror, appearing divided from the sky, only by a narrow blue line of distant hills. Here the southern shore was defined by naked cliffs; while, on the opposite side, a continued belt of willows and acacias
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
between the fingers, a soft cotton-like substance, resembling that which they made from their old handkerchiefs for the purpose of tinder, they have named Doeksteen, (Handkerchief-stone, or Cloth-stone). They pointed out a particular part of the mountains where it might be found; and I made an excursion for the purpose of examining it, and at the same time to explore the Kloof- Valley and its productions. The Doeksteen is a kind of Asbestos, of a blue color. Having found the spot, I made a
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
in thickness, and often scarcely the tenth of an inch. Between these lamin , a beautiful kind of stone is found, sometimes of a blue and sometimes of a silky golden color, from the twentieth part of an inch to three inches thick. It is a species of Asbestos* in a less mature and flaxen state, with compact fibres of a flinty hardness, either transverse or oblique, straight or wavy. The fracture of these lamin is generally according to the direction of the fibres. When cut and polished, this
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
direction, the tops of huge masses of a hard blue rock*, appeared above the surface; and among them some of a beautiful green color, but of exactly the same nature. The water, issuing from a rocky hollow, did not run, at this season, many hundred yards; though the wide channel bore marks of having carried a more plentiful stream. The ground was, in many places, whitened with a saline efflorescence; and it is to this circumstance that the spring owes its name. It was frequented by 'Namaqua partridges' or
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
was most extensive, and much resembling the prospect from the top of the Roggeveld mountain, looking over the Karro. The country beyond the Yellow River, appeared at this elevation and distance to be flat; but hills of moderate height could not have been distinguished through the blue vapor of so great a depth of atmosphere. From such situations, a country may appear level to the eye of the spectator, which, in reality, is far otherwise, but a little experience will be sufficient to caution the
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A751.01
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
Text
large blue crane; but the scorching beams of a nearly vertical sun caused a violent head-ache and throbbing at the temples. The remedy which was always found efficacious in such cases was strong tea taken very warm; the power of which, assisted by wrapping up, particularly the head, caused an active perspiration, that, in the course of the evening, relieved the pain and removed all symptoms. But by degrees, as I became more inured to exposure to the sun, I rarely suffered any serious attack of this
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A751.02
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 2.
Text
would boast of, it was an agreeable relief from the monotony of a conversation on agricultural subjects, the only topics which generally are to be expected at such farm-houses. He exhibited some small drawings which, he told me, were done entirely with the juice of the petals of a species of oxalis producing a blue color, of the tint of indigo. He had very ingeniously made pencils from the hair of the springbuck; and as far as my present stock of drawing materials would permit, I was glad at
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A751.02
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 2.
Text
sailed from the Cape; but he still continued in my pay nearly two years longer; after which he returned with his wife and child to Graaffreynet. He is here exhibited in his usual dress; a blue cloth jacket, leathern trowsers, a cotton handkerchief round his head, and another about his neck. It was by his own desire that he is represented holding his musket; and the position is that in which he used to carry it when approaching any wild animal. [page break
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A751.02
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 2.
Text
Cape Town by any of the caravan of waggons which were to accompany him: and as payment for the carriage of it, I left a draft for thirty rix dollars. He promised to look after this chest in the mean while; and engaged to take charge himself, of a hippopotamus' tongue for my friend Mr. Hesse. I paid the captain for the goats, sheep, and corn had of him; and made him a present of a blue jacket, a saw, and some linen which I purchased for him at Graaffreynet. 4th. The hook of the drag-chain
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A751.02
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 2.
Text
paid her in tobacco. I then desired him to come into the waggon, and having sent for Gert and Much nka, I showed him the things which I had brought as a present for himself, independently of the rest of his family for whom I intended some other articles of less value. The present which he received at this time, consisted of, a quantity of beads of the favorite colors, white, black, and light blue, and weighing all together nearly five pounds; a small roll of tobacco, of three pounds; a brass
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A751.02
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 2.
Text
bracelets, or of girdles, or of necklaces; although a large proportion of the inhabitants are too poor to afford themselves this decoration; which thus becomes in some degree a mark of distinction. The favorite colors at this time, were, as already noticed, black, white, and light-blue; and the size, between an eighth and a quarter of an inch in diameter. Other colors and sizes, were also worn; and a sort variegated with lines or spots of a different color, and but little less than half an
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A751.02
Beagle Library:
Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 2.
Text
blue; and in others, of a yellow color. The pods grew upwards and in pairs. At the time of my residence at Lit kun, it was not, what may be termed, their garden-season; and no where was the least appearance to be seen which could have induced me to believe that they practised horticulture, as all their crops had long been gathered, their land lay neglected and uninclosed, and they had not yet begun to plant the seeds for the next season. I obtained, however, seeds of various sorts with their
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
for bricks 4 6. Lowest brick clay of a light grey colour mixed with fine sand, and a little iron-shot 5 7. Dark red clay,* mottled with blue, and occasionally a little iron-shot. It is used for tiles 6 8. Bed called the White vein. A fine ash coloured sand mixed with a small portion of clay and in some parts passing into loose white sand. It is used for bricks 5 9. Fine micaceous sand laminated and partially mixed with clay, and occasionally iron-shot. It is used to make tiles 4 10. Light ash
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
-coloured sand without shells or pebbles 35 4 Greenish sand with flint pebbles 1 5. Greenish sand without shells or pebbles 3 6. Iron-shot coarse sand without shells or pebbles, and containing ochreous concretions disposed in concentric lamin 9 7. Blue and brown clay, striped, full of shells, chiefly cerithia and cyther 9 [page] 4
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
from that of a dark tenacious clay, to that of a blue or grey calcareous marle of an earthy and friable texture. It contains occasionally layers of argillo-calcareous concretions replete with shells of the genus Vivipara fluviorum. The interior of these is usually filled by calcareous spar; and as the cement has firmness enough to admit a slight polish, masses of this description are occasionally wrought for ornamental purposes, and form what is well known in many of our gothic buildings by the
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
-works on the east of Ashburnham, and been found to consist of a series of fifteen thin beds of limestone, alternating with shale; the seven upper beds are of a grey colour, and are said to be nearly composed of an aggregate of shells; the eight lower beds are described as of a blue colour, and as being a perfectly indurated calcareous marle. This argillo-calcareous formation will probably be found, on an attentive examination of all its beds, especially the lowest, to coincide with that of
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
, owing perhaps to its being in immediate contact with the subjacent blue marle, but which is not the case at Merstham. The kilns are situated at the lowest level at which the marle is fit for the kiln, beneath which it becomes hard and par-takes largely of the nature of stone for 30 or 40 feet in depth; the lowest bed being, to use the term of a very intelligent miner, 'ratchelly' rubbly, very loose, and easily cleared away. This 'ratchelly' bed rests immediately upon the series of fire-stone beds
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
firestone, alternating with thin beds of a blue rag. It is extensively quarried for the same purposes as [page] 15
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
been carried away, and used as paving, for which it answers very well, being of so regular a thickness, as not to require any preparation.' The blue marle of the above description corresponds with the formation denominated in this work the Weald clay. The junction on the east of Freshwater bay presents an exact repetition of the above. Advancing about a mile south-east of this junction, Mr. Webster observed the argillaceous strata on which the ferruginous sandstone reposes, make their
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
fossils of the Folkstone clay. The traces of green sand have not yet been observed through this district, and perhaps do not exist. The chalk marle seems to repose immediately on a deep blue clay which forms a tract about two miles broad, succeeded by the iron sand, the limits of which in this and the adjacent counties have been already sufficiently traced in the general article on that formation. Tetsworth stands on the above clay; which, from the absence of decided traces of green sand, and our
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
between that point and the transition district of the Cotentin. A recent examination of that coast by Mr. De la Beche, who has kindly communicated to us the general results of his observations, enables us to add to the notice already given (see the note on the account of the chalk cliffs of the French coast) the following more detailed and corrected particulars. Along the mouth of the Seine, on both sides, the chalk and green sand repose on a blue marle and marle-stone. At Trouville sur Mer, the
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
between the oolite and new red sandstone. At the salt mines of Bex, it reposes immediately on the upper bed of saliferous gypsum, where it is a dark-blue compact limestone, and contains ammonites, nautilites, terebratulites, and many bivalves identical with those of the lias of England. At Halstad, it occupies a similar position between the oolite and red marly sandstone that covers the saliferous limestone, and is full of ammonites, belemnites, and other lias fossils. At Seefulden, near Inspruck, it
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
attends it. (T. 103.) The joints of the rock are usually separated by clay, which makes it tenacious, and occasions the excavations formed in it to hold water. No. 3. The clay beneath is generally white near its junction with the cornbrash, and afterwards blue. No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6, are so intimately associated, that they require to be described together. This assemblage consists of beds of limestone generally fissile and divided by argillaceous partings, lying between two strata of
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
the Cherwell a little to the north of Enslow bridge; since the beds at Gibraltar, close to this place, agree most nearly with the Cornbrash. Here the remains of a well characterised crocodile have been found. The section afforded by a well sunk at Blenheim appear to confirm this line; it is as follows; limestone rock 70 feet; blue clay succeeded by a lighter clay in which was the water, 10 feet; total depth 80 feet: the water was probably in this instance carried by the clay above the great
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
crowned with ferruginous sandstone, beneath which is a thick bed of blue clay: then succeed some thin alternations of marly rocks and clay, and lastly comes the great mass of the green coloured calcareous grit, which is quarried to the depth of 30 or 40 feet. Thus we have seen the lowest beds of this series to consist of a green sandy marle, containing concretions and rock masses of similar character, both in Oxfordshire and Dorsetshire. In the intermediate district the same concretions may be traced
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
west towards Brailes (stretching in a bold range by Compton Winyate), the descent of the escarpment presents many beds of ferruginous sandstones alternating with loamy marles, resting on a thick bed of dark blue clay, beneath which is a lower terrace of the marly sandstones resting on the lias clay. Brailes hill or rather hills consist of two detached and lofty summits rising like islands from the great lias bay of Shipston (or Vale of Red horse) one on the north-west, and the other on the south
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
extending to any considerable distance beyond it, and as it will be requisite to revert to the same district in describing the magnesian limestone, it is only necessary here to add the following particulars. (C.) In some places near Bristol, the lower part of the sandstone of this formation, which there overlies the Gloucestershire and Somersetshire coal-field, alternates with layers of a blue or greenish colour. The red clay belonging to this formation, contains, in the neighbourhood of
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
for agricultural purposes. 2. Red and blue clay and gypsum. 3. A soft yellowish calcareous freestone or magnesian limestone. These beds are separated from the superior red marle, by a thick conglomerate. Mr. Buckland has observed in Yorkshire beds closely resembling the Rauchwacke or cellular limestone of the continent, associated with magnesian limestone. See farther parliculars in the local account. The following more detailed particulars relating to the external characters and conomical
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
; it is known in different collieries by the names of black or blue metal, shale, clunch, cleft, bind, c. The sandstones of the coal measures are usually gritty, micaceous, and tender; they afford freestones for buildings, whetstones, grindstones, c.; some varieties of a large schistose structure are raised as flag-stones for paving; others, more finely laminated, as roofing slates: Plate, Post, Pennant, are names locally applied to these sandstones. (b) Mineral contents. Besides these strata
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
(c) Organic remains. Vegetable impressions, analagous to those of the superior strata of coal, are also found in the shales in this series; and nodules of iron-stone containing muscles, probably the same species with those before described as occurring in the coal-strata. In the limestone beds of this series, again, the organic remains appear to be decidedly of marine origin, and analagous to those of the subjacent limestone. Thus, in a blue limestone of this class at Newton hall near
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
the same rock horizontally stratified. 7. Also in Calke Park, near the east of a place called Diminsdale. 8. Close to the north entrance of the village of Ticknall, are very extensive quarries of this rock horizontally stratified. The lower strata here are of a blue colour, and these abound in entrochi, terebratulites, c. The upper are of a pale yellow or green colour and thicker; this latter description applies generally to the character of the stone in all the other quarries. It does not
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
Names of the Beds. Local Names of Ditto Thickness. Yds. Ft. In. 52. Slate-clay Binds with balls of grey rock 3 2 0 53. Slate-clay Red wild stuff 2 1 6 54. Sandstone Greenish rock 1 1 0 55. slate-clay Red wild stuff 13 2 6 56. Slate-clay Grey clunch 2 1 3 57. Slate-clay White clunch 1 0 3 58. Clay mixed with coal Smutt 0 0 10 59. Slate-clay Clunch with iron-stone in it 2 2 3 60. Sandstone Rock with coal interspersed 1 2 0 61. Slate-clay Red-coloured roach 1 2 0 62. Clay Blue clay 0 1 0 63
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A844
Beagle Library:
Carne, Joseph. 1822. On the relative age of the veins of Cornwall. Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall 2: 49-128.
Text
most ancient of the true veins, it must be shewn that they are traversed by true veins of every other description. By east and west copper lodes; as at Poldice*, Nangiles, Huel Peever the Pink and Blue Hills , Sealhole , North * Here two tin lodes are traversed by one copper lode, and both are heaved about twelve feet. In Nangiles, two copper lodes traverse one tin lode, which is heaved by both of them. This mine presents the most extraordinary instances of the intersection of different veins, of
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
used for coarser purposes; and with these beds alternate others consisting of chert. (W. p. 197.)* * A more detailed account of the several quarries in the Isle of Portland may be seen in the Monthly Magazine for Jan. 1813, p. 481, whence the two following Sections are copied. Section of Waycroft and other Quarries on the East side of Portland. feet. 1. Vegetable mould, less than 1 2. Stone brash, a cream-coloured limestone 3 3. Parting of ditto and black-blue clay 1 4. Cap, a cream-coloured
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
thing may be observed beneath the marshes of the Thames from the Isle of Dogs to Purfleet, at several points along the southern coast, in the Bristol channel, at Blue Anchor near Dunster, and at Shurton bars and Stolford, where they have been accurately described by Mr. Horner (Geol. Trans, vol. 3); at Newgill Sands, Pembrokeshire; on the Lancashire coast, c. c. It is evident in many of these instances that the trees have not been drifted to their present place, but have grown where they now are
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A757
Beagle Library:
Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
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. Pyrites occurs both in the pure white clays of the trough of Poole and the impure beds of the Isle of Wight; in the latter it abounds, and owing to its decomposition alum works formerly existed in Alum bay. (G. Notes.) A thick dark blue clay, very near the vertical chalk of Alum bay, on the north, contains green earth, and nodules of a dark coloured limestone. Selenite and fibrous gypsum occur both in Alum bay and near Newhaven on the coast of Sussex, and mica in the sand of the latter, as well
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
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basin. It there also skirts the London or Blue clay, and lies beneath the considerable tract of that clay on which Lymington and Portsmouth are built, and which occupies a large area surrounding them. The northernmost point in which the beds of this formation appear in this basin is Houghton hill, about 10 miles on the west of Salisbury in Wiltshire, except that it constitutes Chidbury hill and a few other outlying patches on the north-west. From Houghton hill it passes eastward, south of a
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
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softer parts, leaving the more solid, sharp and pointed. (W. p. 160.) Among other fossil shells, too imperfect for the discovery of their genus, were found cythere and turritell in masses of dark coloured limestone in the thick stratum of blue clay, a [page] 5
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
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oval, within which there is sometimes the indented mark of a sponge: some of these are solid, others are lined with tuberculated chalcedony of a bluish aspect; these are about two inches high: a thin lining of blue chalcedony, which is ex [page] 9
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
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Black-gang chine this stratum is very visible. It was the cause of a great land-slip which took place in the year 1799, and of another fall eight or ten years ago; springs of water, to which both may be attributed, still continue to make their way through the blue marle on the east of Black-gang chine. Whenever the land springs act on this stratum, it becomes of the consistence of mud, runs out, and leaves the sandstone without support; which, being deprived of its foundation, of course tumbles down
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
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from the bottom of this rock, where it is thrown out by the subjacent Kimmeridge clay. 3. KIMMERIDGE CLAY. (aaa) Chemical and external characters. These beds consist of a blue slaty or greyish yellow clay (the Oaktree clay of Smith,) containing selenite; but it sometimes contains beds of highly bituminous shale, as near Kimmeridge on the coast of the Isle of Purbeck, where these are used as fuel, whence they have obtained the name of Kimmeridge coal; and hence the name of Kimmeridge clay as
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
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deposit of purely oolitic beds, and the succeeding argillaceous beds; in place of the yellowish tinge of the oolite, they have very generally a blue colour, or in some beds a pasty appearance and a dead white colour not unlike chalk. As far as our observations at present extend, it should appear to be impossible, or nearly so, to trace any divisions of these upper beds vesting on the great body of the oolite, which may be certainly applied to every part of the course pursued by this system of rocks
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
-siliceous sandstone called race, about the same thickness. Concretions are frequent in the latter (G. Notes), and are called Whim-stones or potlids; they are partially oolitic, sometimes blue in the centre, and vary from six inches to two feet in diameter: their form is generally that of a flattened sphere; they do not break concentrically, but into parallel planes; and they often contain shells. The pendle, after being quarried, is suffered to lie exposed to the action of a winter's frosts.* and
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
oolitic system into Oxfordshire, as we have previously done its upper edge, we shall in the next place trace both the edges through that county, which will on many accounts form a convenient division. Resuming then our account of the upper beds on the borders of Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, whither we have already pursued them, we find the same blue and shelly beds which we had noticed at Buckingham, worked at Marsh Gibbon, Ambrosden, and Merton, forming a very low swelling ground on the north
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
resting on the lias-marle on the summit of a steep pyramidal cliff about half way beneath Charmouth and Bridport harbour, called the Golden Cup, (perhaps a corruption of the Golden Cap, as derived from the reddish yellow colour of the summit strongly contrasted with the dark blue of its base): Down cliff succeeds, in which the dip of the strata towards the east has brought them somewhat lower: a third cliff in which the inferior oolite and sands occupy the middle region, (the hill above being
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
little above the northern bank of the Tees. The strata are numerous, and consist (as far as one can judge from the miner's language) of white, grey, or red sandstone, with occasional interposed strata of a more compact nature, red or blue shale (slate clay), coaly matter in thin layers, and gypsum in nodules and in beds of from one to three feet in thickness. The lowest bed in two of the deepest workings, was a white rock of a calcareous nature. (G. T. vol. 4. p. 2.) It thence proceeds due south by
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
horizontal as to serve for a foot way. (G. Notes.) (h) Agricultural Character. The soil made by the yellow limestone strata, is generally of a medium quality and degree of tenacity; it is much improved, either by the peak lime, where, the canals admit of its being applied, or by the lime from the blue beds near the bottom of this series. It seems best adapted for arable land, on account of its proneness to shar-grass, pry-grass, or spiked fescue (festuca pinnata), a light green sharp grass
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
.* We prefer to all these that of carboniferous limestone, derived from its association in the coal districts, as expressing a character more constant and more peculiar than any of the former. The texture of this rock is generally imperfectly crystalline, and sufficiently close and hard to afford marbles susceptible of a durable polish. Its prevailing colour is grey; passing, on the one hand, into greyish-white and yellow, and on the other, into greyish-blue and black; occasionally also a red
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
, and is quarried for grindstones which are of good quality. Great Britain and even the Continent are supplied chiefly from this place. The softer parts of the bed are used as filtering stones. There are about 25 beds of sandstone in the Coal-measures; the greater part of them are thin. The beds of shale in the Coal-measures amount to about 32 in number. Shale is called metal or metal-stone by the miners; thus they have grey, blue, or black metal, according to the colour of the shale; when very
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
. This ore also is found in the beds which are by the miners called Binds, which appear to be beds of indurated loam, or of sand and clay mixed and indurated, and which are enclosed in the shale just noticed; the bind falls to pieces on exposure, however hard it may be in its natural state and position. When the sand abounds, and the bed is very hard, it is called stone-bind, and it then contains scales of mica. Binds are black, or blue, yellow, grey, c. Some of the very hard black binds are
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
portion of the beds comprised in the sections published by Mr. Winch; those namely, which occur in the workings at Hely field on the Derwent, and Aldstone Moor, above the thick calcareous bed called the Tumblers, and great Limestone.* * Section of the Lead-mine strata at Hely Field on the river Derwent. Fs. Y. Ft. In. Slate sill 2 1 Plate 3 1 Different Girdle beds 2 1 Freestone (fine-grained sandstone) 1 1 Coarse hazle 1 1 Plate and Blue whin 1 Plate and Grey beds 1 2 Hard stone and Whin 1 1 2
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
horizontal, between beds of limestone, and containing spars and ore, is termed a pipe vein. Veins (or rather beds) of this description are sometimes of considerable height, and from two to 500 feet wide, and are commonly connected with the surface * It is in a mountain composed of limestone, that the beautiful masses of various coloured fluor spar, termed Blue John, are found. The mountain has no appearance of regular stratification, and is full of Fissures and caverns of immense depth: the
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Conybeare, William Daniel and Phillips, William. 1822. Outlines of the geology of England and Wales, with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. London: William Phillips.
Text
cut through by horizontal drifts in four places. On each side of it, the coal is converted into coak, which on one side, in some places, was found to be 18 feet thick, and on the opposite side upwards of nine feet. A firm, hard, and unbroken vein of basalt, on an average about 13 feet thick, was in immediate contact with the coak on each side; and between these two veins, lay nodules of basalt and sandstone, upwards of nine feet in thickness, imbedded in a cement of blue slate. At Walbottle
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A743.05
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Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 5.
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rente de celles qui vivent maintenant, pou' tre consid r e comme appartenant un genre distinct; c'est l aussi que l'on rencontre le Limule gui constitue un genre tranger aux rivages europ ens. Les Argiles bleues inf rieures la Craie, auxquelles les Anglais donnent le nom de Blue-Lias, et qui composent une partie du pied des falaises de Normandie, entre le H vre et Dives; les cueils connus sous le nom de Vaches-Noires, et une partie des rochers du Calvados, renferment, avec des ossemens de
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Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 9.
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cendr . Les Anglais nomment ce Calcaire White Lias, pour le distinguer du Blue Lias, expression compos e qui est plus habituellement employ e que celle de Lias seule pour d signer sp cialement les couches solides de la formation. Quelle que soit sa couleur, le Calcaire du Lias est g n ralement compacte, dur, sans cavit , homog ne dans ses parties et donnant une cassure concho de; quelques vari t s peuvent prendre un beau poli et, tre employ es comme marbres; quelques-unes sont surtout remarquables
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A751.01
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Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 1.
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-channel running by the governor's house. Leucospermum conocarpum, (Protea Conocarpodendron of Linn us.) Plate I. represents this view. On the left is seen the foot of the Lion Mountain, where the houses, which are all white, commence and extend as far as the castle. The roofs being flat and plastered with lime, give to the whole an unvaried whiteness. Beyond the two ships under sail, entering the harbour, is Blaauwberg (Blue Mountain), which a long line of white sand-downs divides from the bay
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A751.02
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Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 2.
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. Civilization of the aboriginal inhabitants of Southern Africa. 109 111. 224. 334. 352. 358. 422. 483. II. 560. 594. 596. Clanwilliam: District of 75. Clay: a strong blue 307. slate 333. II. 311. 355. Clematis, a climbing plant growing wild 394. II. 5. 146. Climate of the Cape 80. of the Transgariep ne. 368. II. 527. Cloth-stone (D ekstein) 333. Clothing of South-Africans: conclusions drawn from it. II. 373. Clusters of houses at Lit kun. II. 441. C bus B rends (see also B rends). II. 148. 152
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Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 2.
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. Crabs found in the rivers of the R ggeveld 272. Crane: the large blue 508. Creation: harmony of 225. 505. Cricket: a species producing an extraordinary noise 327. Cross; a beautiful constellation of the southern hemisphere 81. Crow White (Witte Kraai); a species of vulture 338. 502. Crows; their familiarity. 257. 481. 502. II. 325. Crowhead (Kraai-kop); a Bushman captain II. 85. 188. Cryptogamic plants, widely disseminated II. 209. Cubic pyrites of iron 202. Cuckoo: the Golden; or Green-and-gold
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Burchell, William John. 1822-4. Travels in the interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 2.
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Crow). 338. 502. Witte-hals (White-necked Crow) 501. Kr aikop, a Bushman captain. II. 85. 190. Kraal. II. 85, 86. 188. Kraal: the proper signification of the word 227. Kraals, or villages, of the Hottentots 324. 334. 336. 360. K ras. 538. II. 5. 10. 204. Bushmen. 429. II. 16. 55. 86. 189. 197. or Cattle-pounds. 118. 360. 407. II. 290. 464. Kr mori, a Bachapin chieftain. II. 441. 444. 509. Kr anvogel: Groote blaauwe (Great blue Crane) 502. Kre pel-boom 25. Kr eger (or, Kr ger): Jacob, a colonist
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A763
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Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood.
Text
vapour. The deposition of dew (the formation and concomitant circumstances of which have been so successfully analyzed in the elegant essay of the late Dr. Wells,) slightly diminishes the quantity; but the first touch of the sun's rays restores it to the blue expanse. When, however, the natural equilibrium has been disturbed, when the temperature of the air has become equalized through various successive strata by the beds of vapour with which they are embued, the decline of the day will often
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Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood.
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, when some light white clouds were seen approximating the sun with great rapidity. Sometimes they all passed, but if one lingered, as if within its influence, thunder was heard, and in a few minutes no remains of a blue sky were visible. The storm commenced directly, and the change that took place in the temperature often caused a kind of whirlwind. As after all, perhaps, we must search for the cause of that singular excrescence, the goitre, or [page] 34
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Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood.
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HAZE, remarkable blue, 439 HEAT, natural Equilibrium of, in the Atmosphere, 96 evolved during the Formation of Clouds, 101 [page] 47
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Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood.
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obscured by a haze, through which the sun appeared of a pale blue colour, resembling, in some degree, the flame of sulphur. The phenomenon was observed in several distant places.It was noticed in Essex and Worcestershire, and by several persons in and about London. Mr.Howard saw it in Sussex, where it lasted from nine till near noon, and he describes it as appearing nearly of the colour of watch-spring steel. 1 72 56 79 54 S W little 2 77 59 121 57 W ditto 0.11 3 72 59 107 55 ditto 4 77 52 125 50 S
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Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood.
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Opinion of the Theories of the Barometric Motions, 9 BLUE TINT of the Sun, 439 BOX-HILL, Barometric Measurement of, 382; In hot weather, 385; In cold weather, 386; With the moon upon the meridian, 387; With the sun on the meridian, 388; In thunder-storms, 389; In different states of the wind, 389 BRAZIL, Meteorological Observations upon the Coast of, 381 BRITISH ISLANDS, Situation of, 114, 269. Proportion of Easterly and Westerly Winds in, 114 Proportion of Northerly and Southerly Winds in, 115 2
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buttocks in old than young ♂ In figure of old ♂ face blue with white lines intense red nose. Buttocks blue shading into red crimson round anus. Compare the colours to Plumage of ♂ Birds [B50v
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Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 1.
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at the Marquis of Montemire's. Whilst we were at dinner a soldier entered with a letter, which he delivered to the old Governor. He was a short, round-faced, daring-looking fellow, dressed in a shaggy blue jacket, and trowsers of immense width, with a blue cloth cap on his head, encircled by a broad silver band. By his aide was hung a huge broad-sword. His manners were somewhat free, but not vulgar or offensive, and there played about his eyes and his mouth an expression of coarse broad humour
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Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 2.
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ed gowns, and scarfs, called Rebosos, generally of a blue and white pattern, not printed but woven. Some of the patterns consisted of red, blue, and white, in zig-zag stripes, differently arranged. The dress of the very poorest class was of cotton only, that of the others was of a mixture of cotton and silk, and some were entirely of silk; the whole being of the manufacture of the country. 3d. During the middle of the day no one could stir abroad; but at half past three or four, when it began
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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swarms of flying-fish rise sporting over the surface of the water, and the many-coloured natives of the ocean, among which is the shark, with his two inseparable companions (Gasterosteus Ductor and Echeneis Remora), come up from the bottom of the element, which is transparent to the depth of a hundred fathoms. Singularly formed Medus , the bladder-shaped Physalis with its blue pungent filaments, serpent-like streaks of Salp joined together, float carelessly along; and many other little marine
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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the foretaste of a new world so rich in the wonders of nature. It was not till we had passed the equator, that the constant S. E. wind began to equal in strength the N.E. wind of the northern hemisphere. Violent rains were less frequent, but in their stead insulated groups of clouds of various forms were piled up in the blue ether. The nights, on the other hand, were more serene, and the southern constellations, new to us pilgrims from the north, though far inferior in number and splendour to
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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foliated, distinct concretions, which seldom allow a fresh fracture, which is uneven, and almost imperceptibly flatconchoidal. The colour on them is a mean between the brown and blue lead-ore, but shows a yellow tinge passing into siskin-green. Some specimens have cellular and small drused cavities, which are filled either with massive or crystallised red lead-ore, of which also massive pieces are found mingled among them. According to the investigation of two chemists it appears that this
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A765
Beagle Library:
De la Beche, Henry Thomas. 1824. A selection of the geological memoirs contained in the Annales des Mines, together with a synoptical table of equivalent formations and M. Brongniart's table of the classification of mixed rocks. London: William Phillips.
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stripes, marked by different colours, the most general and best determined of which are white, green, violet, red, grey, and blue; I shall describe them under the name of variegated marls (marnes iris es). These marls, generally compact and granular, schistose only in the grey and blue portions, are slightly aggregated; they contain more solid beds of different kinds. A bed of whitish limestone analogous to that which I have noticed in the gypseous marls, but coarser, is first seen immediately
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Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 1.
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twelve years of age belonging to this party, but who had been afraid to come forward before, he lifted up the astonished child, and kissing her cheek, set her down again in such ecstasy, that the poor thing scarcely knew where she was. His manner was quite different to the next person who came forward; a tall, raw-boned, pale-faced friar, a young man, with deep-set dark-blue eyes, and a cloud of care and disappointment wandering across his features. San Martin assumed a look of serious earnestness
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Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 2.
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merely comparative. To our surprise, therefore, we found these ladies quite as fair and clear in complexion as any Europeans: unlike the Spaniards also, their eyes were blue, and their hair of 10 [page] 10
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A560
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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alter the conquest of its rival Agrigentum, strike upon the mind of the observer. The sea in this latitude, as well as in the gulf of Tarento, is of a light-green colour, which is principally owing to its inferior depth. As this colour changes according as the rays of the sun fall, it is hardly possible accurately to determine the various degrees of the blue, green, and grey colour; for the sea apppears in the same place of a much brighter hue when it is strongly illuminated by the sun, than when
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
Text
Carnero, and were in the middle of the strait where the two continents are only a few miles from each other. The current from the west is here very remarkable, and every experienced eye readily perceives its effects on ships coming from the ocean. According to the general opinion, it runs from four to five leagues in an hour, which are therefore deducted from the ship's reckoning in sailing out While we proceeded over the dark green waters of the strait, the Spanish coast appeared in a blue mist
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A560
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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distant rises considerably above the nearer verdant hills, which gently ascending, rest on the steeper and more naked ridges of the others, and intersected by many little valleys, extend without any abrupt declivities towards the sea. On two of the extreme points of this cape there are still standing some Moorish watch-towers, and further to the west, we saw the sandy cape of Trafalgar, celebrated for the victory of Nelson. A blue streak higher towards the N. W. which terminates in the narrow
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A560
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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dews. Here, in the torrid zone, the set of an indigo blue colour, rolled in uniform waves, and began to shine generally, and with great splendour, during the night, a phenomenon which we had hitherto seldom observed. This magnificent appearance, the frequent lightnings, and innumerable falling stars, together with the greater sultriness of the air, seemed to indicate a higher degree of electricity in the element, though the electrometer, in the prevailing moisture of the air, showed rather less
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A560
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
Text
fort of Santa Cruz, by which our arrival had been announced to the city, brought us permission to sail farther in. While this business was transacting, the eyes of all feasted on a country, which, for beauty, variety, and splendour, far exceeded all the natural beauties which we had ever beheld. The banks in bright sunshine rose out of the dark blue sea; and numerous white houses, chapels, churches and forts, contrasted with their rich verdure. Rocks of grand forms rise boldly behind them, the
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A560
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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spot there is a beautiful view extending over the woods, hills, valleys, and the city, to the sea, the broad surface of which is lost in the distant horizon. Towards the south the mountain is broken, and the prospect loses itself in a steep declivity bounded by the blue bay of Bota-Fogo; and still farther, the bold masses of the Sugar-loaf Mountain close the horizon. At this elevation, of about two thousand feet, the difference in the temperature is already so sensible, that you fancy yourself
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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the termites* which cast up the earth high and far around. The gayest butterflies, rivalling in splendour the colours of the rainbow, especially numerous Hesperi , flutter from flower to flower, or seek their food on the roads , or collected in separate companies on the sunny sandbanks of the cool streams. The blue shining Menelaus, Nestor, Adonis, Laertes, the bluish white Idea, and the large Eurylochus with its ocellated wings, hover like birds between the green bushes in the moist valleys
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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in the woods. Other birds of the most singular forms, and of the most superb plumage , flutter singly, or in companies, through the fragrant bushes. The green, blue, or red parrots , assembled on the tops of the trees, or flying towards the plantations and islands, fill the air with their screams. The toucan , sitting on the * Natrix Ah tulla, cyanea, bicarinata nob., lacertina nob., plumbea Neuw., caninana; Elaps venustissimus, formosus Neuw., lemniscatus; Leposternon microcephalus nob
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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peans in the northern provinces of Brazil. The mamelukes of various degrees, have coffee-coloured, bright yellow, or nearly white complexions; but the brood round face with high cheek-bones, the small black eyes, and a certain unsteadiness of look, betray, more or less, the Indian origin. In general, the principal characteristics of the Paulistas are a lofty, at the same time broad make, strongly marked features, expressive of a bold independent spirit, hazel eyes (they are very rarely blue
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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, and with which the streets of the city are partly paved. Between and over it, are several layers of lithomarge of a brick and brownish red, ochre yellow, and lavender blue, just as they are seen here and there along the road from Rio; for instance at Paranangaba. These fossils belong to a very extended formation, which we again met with in many places in Minas Gera s, and which everywhere contains gold. The metal is disseminated in larger or smaller grains through the mass, particularly of the
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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the brown howling monkey; and of the mammalia, the long-nosed tapir, the agouti, the little armadillo, the papamel, and the forest deer; of birds, hardly any parrots, but toucans, and several kinds of red-necked and blue ravens (Coracina scutata, Temmink; Corvus cyanoleucos, cyanopogon Neuw., decristatus nob.); of insects, many large beetles (Copris), which live at a considerable depth under ground. As we advanced from this place towards the north, we could not avoid observing that the diversity
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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less rich in gold than the northern tracts. But, on the other hand, Flora has more lavishly endowed it with a diversity of flowers. The rhexias, in particular, are a great ornament. There is an endless variety of species, all low shrubs; the numerous, thin, profusely-leaved stalks, are covered with beautiful red and violet-coloured blossoms. Stately stems of blue vellosias and gay barbacenias*, the representatives of the liliaceous plants, principally adorn the stony eminences. Of the family
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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Their journeys, however short, are never made but on mules. Their stirrups and bits are of silver, and the handle of the great knife, which sticks in the boot below the knee, is of the same metal. In these excursions the women are always carried in litters, either by mules or negroes, or dressed in a long blue pelisse and round hat, sit in a kind of arm chair fastened upon a mule. Their dress, except the head, which is only protected by a parasol, is in the French fashion, the borders of their
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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Novas; chrome and manganese in Para peba; platina, near Gaspar Soares and in other rivers; quicksilver, arsenic, bismuth, antimony, and red-lead ore, about Villa Rica; diamonds, in Tejuco and Abait ; yellow, blue, and white topazes grass and bluish green aqua-marines, red and green tourmalines, chrysoberyls, garnets, and amethysts, principally in Minas Novas. But what has chiefly contributed to the great influx of N 3 [page] 18
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lavender-blue, and ochreyellow, and seems to be mixed with much yellow earth. In this mass there is a great quantity of blunt-cornered pieces of compact* brown ironstone, some small, others large, even to the size of a foot and more. The brown iron-stone contains many small drused cavities, filled with brownish red iron-ochre; it is often grown together with greyish white quartz, which on the surface is frequently reddish grey. There are also seen in this fl tz formation truncated pieces of common
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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a thicket to a rather lighter spot by the side of a stream, in which we perceived a naked Indian woman, painted with all kinds of figures of a dark blue colour. She was employed in pouring water over herself, and on our appearance she was as much astonished as we. Her black shining hair hung like a cloak over her reddish brown shoulders, and various drawings and figures difficult to be explained, ornamented her face and breast. On the cheek she had a circle and over that two strokes; under the
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others, strings of red and black seeds, (of Canna glauca, Abrus precatorius and Ormosia coccinea, Jacks.) or of monkeys' or ounces' teeth. The little children are carried about by their mothers, fastened to their backs. Even these infants were already ornamented with red and dark blue stripes and spots, particularly in the face, for the tenderness of the mothers exercises itself in this painting* as soon as they awake from sleep. The Indians of this district, however, like most of the tribes
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day w. aperient went down saw G. Saturday, 3 March 1894 good day down pill at night March 1894 Sunday, 4 March 1894 6.41 5.44 v uncomf day till 12.30 p.m - Monday, 5 March 1894 saw Dr M. Alister Laura came saw her comf p.m ex night Tuesday, 6 March 1894 ex day night Hen came saw Laura 2. Dr M. Alister blue p. Wednesday, 7 March 1894 wr. W. L. Dr Mc. Al – Blue pill Thursday, 8 March 1894 wr Camilla ex p.m night saw Geo Maud ch. Friday, 9 March 1894 wr Rowland – downstairs blue pill - Saturday, 10
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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, and seemed to swallow up the vessels as they glided down into their deep hollows; the ocean itself, like the serene firmament above it, showed as it were, in its deep blue, an image of its unfathomable depth. Each of the ships that had sailed with us, henceforth guided by the compass, pursued upon the ocean which divides and unites all the continents, the way to its own destination; our frigate, which was a-head of all the rest, advanced with incredible rapidity towards the west The wind still
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Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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present to the eye of the spectator, continents with high mountains and valleys, with volcanoes and seas, mythological and other strange creations of fancy. The lamp of day gradually rises in the transparent blue sky; the damp grey fogs subside; the sea is calm or gently rises and falls, with a surface smooth as a mirror, in a regular motion. At noon a pale, faintly shining cloud rises, the herald of a sudden tempest, which at once disturbs the tranquility of the sea. Thunder and lightning seem as if
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