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CUL-DAR40.97-99
Note:
[1836].02.07
In the town [Hobart]: Sandstone & Greenstones alternately appear & perhaps in
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3 between here Australia, soundings in channel as if subsidence. — Water is said to be retiring. — Earthquakes? Beyond these white beds we find ordinary sandstones with current cleavage then again appears the greenstone — Ascending the hills, some hundred ft behind the coast, we met with common greenstone but the commonest rock is a greenstone (3453) — syenite — On the summit there were gently inclined strata of altered rocks — Siliceous white, blue — Siliceo-porcelain rocks (3449: 3450) 3451
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CUL-DAR40.97-99
Note:
[1836].02.07
In the town [Hobart]: Sandstone & Greenstones alternately appear & perhaps in
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varieties and their intermediate variations — a white cherty rock with grains of quartz. (3457) — a blue, slightly calcareous, siliceous clay not laminated slate a (3458) a brown rather softer do (3459) — These two latter in places are softer thinly laminated — all three are composed of impressions of Retepora other coralline (Mem. Limestone of Argyl) some few Terebratulae. I saw impressions of one Univalve a large Bivalve —
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CUL-DAR40.97-99
Note:
[1836].02.07
In the town [Hobart]: Sandstone & Greenstones alternately appear & perhaps in
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8) Some of the Corallines, pretty silicified,— at most few pebbles of quartz, blue siliceous sandstone a glassy micaceous clay slate. — This is evidently same as beds of yesterday; there are specimens from near Launceston identical (3470 3471). — The neighbouring mountain, is in its lower parts thus constituted; these beds are covered to the thickness of some hundred ft, with rather siliceous reddish, yellow, or white sandstone, with granules of quartz (3466), — There however at summit a pap
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CUL-DAR41.51
Note:
[1836.04.00]
In every case first inclination (blue water) to about 20-30 fathoms then
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Darwin, C. R. In every case first inclination (blue water) to about 20-30 fathoms. [4.1836] CUL-DAR41.51 Edited by John van Wyhe (The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) [51] In every case first inclination (blue water) to about. 20-30 fathoms, then suddenly incline (at mean angle of 45°? from land to 1200 36° from the 20° fathom, 39° from 270 to do 48° At mouth from the 5 fathom sounds to the 550 ft 24° from the 20 to 550 21° In the 1200 section 20 fathom 200
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In every case first inclination (blue water) to about 20 -30 fathoms, then suddenly inclines — (at mean angle of 45°.? from land to 1200. ∠ 36° — from the 20 fathom. 39° — from 270 to do 48° — at mouth from the 5 fathom sounds to the 550 ∠ 24° — from the 20 to 550 21° In the 1200 section 20 fathom 200 yd from shore In other or SW section 20 — 100 — — — [20 fathom 100 yd from shore] On scale of 1. inch mile (∴ sect 9. inch long) two line can barely be ruled so as to be distinguished apart if
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(a) fat, which when melted gives a bottle full of Oil. They are exceedingly strong.— The back is coloured dull brick red; the under side of body legs is blue, but the upper side of legs clouded with dull red.— In the Voyage par un Officier du Roi to the Isle of France, there is an account of a Crab which lives on Cocoa nuts in a small Isd North of Madagascar; probably it is the same animal, but the account is very imperfect.— NB. These Crabs are in a Cask with a black cross at one end.— NB. Mr
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Keeling Isd. little to W of North of 14 miles distant Cocos Isd. Whole opposite side or northern. very imperfect. especially west. part. breakers. — The deeper part of northern basin, which does not dry, 4-6. fathoms. with numerous patches flush. — deeper holes Longer axis NNW. 9 ½ miles: shorter 6 1/2; — widest average parts 800 yd. — leeward side perhaps broadest Blue water 200 yd wide: do of Horsburg 850 yd (with 6 or 7 fathoms) — On East side. 100 yd reef from shore On West. 200 yd —. — On
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CUL-DAR41.51
Note:
[1836.04.00]
In every case first inclination (blue water) to about 20-30 fathoms then
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Keeling Isd little to W of North, 14 miles distant Cocos Isd whole opposite side or northern. very imperfect. especially west. part weaker. The deeper part of northern basin, which does not dry, 4-6. fathoms. with numerous patches fluish. deeper holes longer axis NNW. 9 1/2 miles: shorter 6 1/2: widest average parts 800 yds leeward side perhaps broadest Blue water 200 yds wide: do of hornblende 850 yd width 6 7 fathoms On East side. 100 yd reef from shore or West. 200 yd. On southern end. reef
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are coated with the same substance have a little sand, at the bottom, to seaward. similar lumps for a distance of 10-20 yards might be seen beneath the water. beyond this for another 20 yards there was green water no wall then came the Blue. —Where we stood. the masses of Astrea were from 4-8 ft in diameter, but irregular in figure. the channels about 6 ft deep: The Astrea, was on its surface to a depth of 3 or 4 inches was dead. further inland a greater depth was dead. to seaward. without doubt
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are coated with the same substance have a little sand, at the bottom, to seaward. similar lumps for a distance of 10-20 yards might be seen beneath the water. beyond this for another 20 yards there was green water no wall then came the Blue. —Where we stood. the masses of Astrea were from 4-8 ft in diameter, but irregular in figure. the channels about 6 ft deep: The Astrea, was on its surface to a depth of 3 or 4 inches was dead. further inland a greater depth was dead. to seaward. without doubt
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CUL-DAR41.59-77
Note:
[1836.05.00--1835.06.00]
[Essay on] Cleavage / By the term Stratification I mean those planes of division
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Cleavage 6 running NW SE; but the direction of the mountain masses an evident transition from gneiss into mica slate, was NE SW or at right angles to the hills. The third chain which divides the provinces of Rio S. Paulo, I imagine from the description must like wise have a NW direction P 291, but the a cleavage nearly at right angles. At Ypanema South SSW of S. Paulo, there is a dirty lavender-blue primitive clay slate vol II P 52, which runs from East to West. M. Spix travelled to Villa Rica
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CUL-DAR41.59-77
Note:
[1836.05.00--1835.06.00]
[Essay on] Cleavage / By the term Stratification I mean those planes of division
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Cleavage (R. Plata) 9 Minas this system of hills appears to be crossed by a broard band of blue siliceous clay slates, of which the cleavage, although much confused, runs somewhere about E W. In places I describe, a confused mass of mountains, the cleavage following no determinate direction, but in each ridge spot parallel to it the line of its own hills. I understand beyond some distance to the North, to that another E W line of hills joins the first system. In the country round, M. Video 80
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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59 Beechey, Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific and Beering's Strait, p. 209: In latitude 60 47 N. we noticed a change in the colour of the water, and on sounding found fifty-four fathoms, soft blue clay. From that time until we took our final departure from this sea the bottom was always within reach of our common lines. The water shoaled so gradually that at midnight on the 16th, after having run a hundred and fifty miles, we had thirty-one fathoms. P. 211: We soon lost sight of every
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slate is there very remarkable. The hill to the depth, in some places, of 10 or 20 ft. appears encased, with a pale coloured sandstone 3667, but upon examination it is found, that all such varieties pass into the fine blue or slightly granular clay slate. The clay slate formation appears in patches in low country to the East of the Peninsula: P Robben Is is composed of it: it would appear to be the extremity of a great formation of the interior country; Dr A. Smith, who has lately returned from
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10 Cape of Good Hope abundant, resembled, excepting in being more siliceous harder, that of the Blue Mountains near Sydney. — The sandstone is commonly traversed by large white quartz veins, their are large surfaces coated with regular crystals of that substance. — all aqueous action The strata are occasionally separated by layers of ferruginous shales. — I did not see a trace of any organic remains. — Besides the regular planes of stratification which are numerous, there are others nearly
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(5 irregular pieces of granite projected within the lines of the parallel walls; a corresponding quantity of the trap rock was disseminated blended with the surrounding stone. — On each side to the distance of some yards, small curved threads of the same dark stone intertwine, like ++ ++ the finest cirrhi comae in the blue vault of the sky. the thinnest veins in the bodies called septaria, with the layers of gneiss; of these a few can may be traced to the dike. — I can only imagine, that a
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fine grained [illeg] sandstone to clay slate, which is either pale grey, blue or even black. — A vertical section shows extreme contortion fracture, in strata. — a horizontal section shows curvilinear layers, which appear to fold round certain points below, but dip to seaward. — during the process of consolidation The real cause no doubt has been [illeg] subsidence. — The most remarkable circumstance in these sandy shales, are irregular, even angular concretions of a hard, fine grained non calc
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blue, even black; only remarkable circumstance irregular cut masses (some yards across) others small of about angular shapes, hard grey non: calc: sandstone (embedded the more aluminous darker coloured varieties) surface rough covered with minute point lines. — concretions pass into strata. — These sandstones contain the F.W. shells. — specimens ([blank]). All the Helix-like shells found in the spot, the elongated kind most common. — considerably blow below high water mark (with Balanidae adhering
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Prof. Henslow1 says that when race once established so difficult to root out. For instance ever so many seeds of white flax, all would come up white, though planted in same soil with blue. Now this is same bearing with Dr. Smith's fact of races of men 1 John Stevens Henslow. Probably personal communication. [deB] 69
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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, in extremely minute oblique rhombic prisms, whose lateral planes meet alternately at angles of about 56 and 124 , and of which the oblique terminal plane declines from one acute angle to the other; they are frequently fasciculated in a somewhat radiating position, so that only the terminal planes of the following figures are distinctly visible; it also occurs in curved lamellar concretions. The minute crystals are often transparent and of a beautiful blue or greenish-blue colour by transmitted
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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BLUE CARBONATE OF COPPER. Kupferlazur, W. Cuivre Carbonate Bleu, H. Azure Copper Ore, J. Prismatic Azure Malachite, M. Azurite, Beudant. Combination of carbonic acid, copper, and water. Chessy. Bannat. Siberia. Deutoxide of copper 69 08 69 08 70 0 Carbonic acid 26 46 25 72 24 0 Water 5 46 5 20 6 0 Phillips. Klaproth. Sp. Gr. 3 5 3 77. H. = 3 0 4 0. Colour azure- or Berlin-blue, sometimes with a tinge of black. It occurs crystallized in a great variety of forms; structure lamellar; cleavage
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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Brazil; and nearly pure white in Siberia and Switzerland. In Elba the crystals, when transparent, frequently exhibit parallel zones of distinctly different colours, being red at the two extremes, and dark-blue in the centre, or partly grass-green and partly azure-blue, c. Tourmaline possesses the singular property of exhibiting different colours according as it is viewed parallel or perpendicular to the axis of its crystals, and almost invariably is less transparent in the first of these
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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a pale blue colour parallel to it. Transparent or translucent, with a partly metallic, partly vitreous lustre; streak almost white, but on exposure to the air soon changes into indigo-blue. The powder produced by crushing the mineral in a dry state, is liver-brown. The crystals are often very small, aggregated, and divergent; those of Cornwall are flexible, but not elastic, while the crystallized variety of New Jersey is extremely brittle. Before the blowpipe on charcoal it intumesces, reddens
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
. Hydrous sulphate of copper. Mexico. Oxide of copper 31 80 32 13 66 2 Sulphuric acid 32 14 31 57 16 6 Water 36 06 36 30 17 2 Berzelius. Berthier. Sp. Gr. 2 213. H. = 2 5. Colour deep sky-blue, sometimes passing into bluish-green. Occurs massive, stalactitic, and pulverulent; lustre vitreous; translucent; cleavage imperfect; fracture conchoidal; taste nauseous, and metallic. When artificially prepared, it crystallizes. It is readily soluble in water, and affords a blue solution, a polished surface of
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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colour; and at Zinnwald in Bohemia, accompanies oxide of tin, mica, apatite, and quartz. Near Castleton in Derbyshire fluor is found in detached masses, whose structure is divergent, and their colours, as grey, yellow, blue, brown, are generally disposed in concentric bands: of this variety, called blue John by the miner, beautiful vases, obelisks, and other ornaments, are made. Compact fluor is harder than common fluor, and has sometimes a granular texture; in general it is translucent only on
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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, magnesia 2 0, sulphuric acid 2 0 Gmelin. Sp. Gr. 2 95. This mineral is found massive; also, though rarely, in rhombic dodecahedrons, of an azure blue colour; the texture of the massive is fine grained or compact with a glimmering lustre, and it is hard enough to scratch glass, though it scarcely gives sparks with steel; it is nearly opake; and its blue colour is not uniform, as it frequently encloses iron pyrites, compact felspar, and quartz. On charcoal it fuses with difficulty into a white
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
. Vitreous copper is readily distinguished from either bournonite or fahlerz by its comportment before the blowpipe, and the green solution it produces with nitric acid; and from red silver ore by the colour of its streak, which resembles that of the mineral, while red silver presents a fine cochineal-red. (Manual.) Variegated Vitreous Copper. Cuivre sulfur h patique, H. Colour that of tempered steel, violet-blue, greenish, and yellow. It seems to arise from an intimate mixture of the vitreous
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
copper 18 0 Water 4 7 Brooke. Sp. Gr. 5 3 5 4. H. = 2 5 3 0. Of a deep azure-blue colour, greatly resembling that of the brightest and more translucent varieties of blue carbonate of copper. Primary form a right oblique-angled prism; cleavage very perfect parallel to M, less so to T; translucent; lustre vitreous or adamantine; streak pale blue. Leadhills in Scotland is the only well-ascertained locality of this very rare species, although it is mentioned also from Linares in Spain. [page] 36
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
Earthy Phosphate of lron. Blaue Eisenerde, W. Fer phosphat terreux, H. Blue Iron Earth, J. The colour of this variety on its first exposure is grey, yellow, or greenish-white, or with a very slight tinge of blue; afterwards it becomes blue of different degrees of intensity. It occurs massive, disseminated in or coating other substances; and is sometimes loose, occasionally cohering, and with an earthy fracture. It is dull, meagre to the touch, soils the fingers slightly, and is light. Before
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Major Mitchell58 Height of Escarpment of Blue Mountains do hybrid dogs foxes Austral dogs. breed.-59 Depth of rivers near mouths60 Any Fossils in the Sandstone61 Pecten Terebratula Name of Mr Brown62 leaves63 Do Australian dogs hunt in packs64 Watuaya Woodcut of Bomb65 [27] Pay Lonsdale66 Geolog Transactions Pseudo-strata. -craters. ? May I quote your statement about steep shore deep beneath water.67 find out about cliffs on banks of rivers At Head of Grose I are there cliffs confine attention
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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and composition. Pleonaste appears nearly black, and opake; but by transmitted light is feebly translucent on the thinnest edges, and has a green or blue tint. It occurs in crystals, whose primary is considered to be the regular octahedron. Fracture flat conchoidal; lustre splendent. Before the blowpipe, alone, it suffers no change, except that when strongly heated it becomes blue; with borax it fuses into a dark- green transparent glass. Fig. 1, the primary octahedron. Fig. 2, the same, of
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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is opake, it is of an indigo-blue colour; when translucent, blue or bluish-green; is somewhat harder than quartz, and very brittle; fracture conchoidal, and considerably splendent. Before the blowpipe on charcoal it loses its colour, and fuses slowly into an opake mass; with borax it forms a diaphanous glass, which becomes yellow on cooling, with salt of phosphorus is decomposed with effervescence, leaves a silica skeleton, and becomes opaline on cooling. Is reducible into a white transparent
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A672
Book:
Hooker, W. J. 1837-1922. Icones plantarum or figures, with brief descriptive characters and remarks, of new or rare plants, selected from the author's herbarium. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman.
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dilatates glaberrimis, capsula depresssa, seminibus ovatis. Webb. Campanula Jacobæa. Chr. Sm. in Tuck. Voy. p. 251. Webb, Spicil. Gorgon. in Hook. Nig. Voy. p. 148 Tab. XII. HAB. Clefts of rocks, on mountains, at an elevation of 1500 to 2000 feet, Forbes, Darwin, Vogel. J. D. H. This varies with the flowers blue or white. Webb. Fig. 1. Stamen. f. 2. Pistil:- magnified. [title page
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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conchoidal, uneven. Very brittle. Before the blowpipe it melts into a black scoria, which acts on the magnet; and with borax forms a clear green glass: with solution of cobalt it presents a blue colour; and, on the whole, appears to be a silicate of the protoxide of iron, combined with a silicate of magnesia. It occurs in volcanic felspar at the lake of Laach, near Bonn on the Rhine. [page] 9
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
IOLITE.* Dichroite, Cordier. Cordierite, Leonhard. Prismatic Quartz, M. Iolite, H. Combination of silica, alumina, magnesia, oxide of iron, and manganese. Simitok. Bodenmais. Orijerfwi. Fahlun. Silica 49 17 48 35 49 95 50 24 Alumina 33 10 31 70 32 88 33 42 Magnesia 11 48 10 15 10 45 10 84 Oxide of iron 4 33 8 31 5 00 4 00 Manganese 0 00 0 33 0 03 0 68 Water 1 20 Strom. 0 59 Strom. l 75 Bonsd. 1 66 Strom. Sp. Gr. 2 56 2 6. H. = 7 0 7 5. This mineral has a dark-blue colour, sometimes with a
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
Malabar; and in the Carnatic. In smaller quantities also imbedded in magnetic iron at Gellivara in Sweden; near Mozzo in Piedmont in compact felspar; and at St Gothard of a red or blue tinge in dolomite. In the East Indies it is used for polishing steel, and cutting gems; but the lapidaries of Europe prefer diamond-powder, on account of the greater rapidity with which it works. 3. EMERY. Schmiergel,W. Corindon granulaire, H. Emeril, Bt. Emery, though it bears little resemblance, is, from its hardness
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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, in one direction 100 50 and 79 10 , and in the other 93 15 and 86 45 . Generally occurs in irregularly terminated four-sided prisms. Its colours are white, grey, and blue:* it has sometimes a greenish * Whence Kyanite, from the Greek, signifying blue. D [page] 7
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
tinge; the grey and blue are often intermixed in the same crystal; lustre pearly; the edges of the crystals scratch glass, but the broad surfaces yield to it. Some crystals by friction acquire negative electricity, others positive.* Before the blowpipe even its powder is infusible, and it remains unaltered in very high degrees of temperature; with borax it fuses slowly into a transparent colourless glass, and with salt of phosphorus forms a translucent silica skeleton, and a glass which does
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
Brazil, where, as in Ceylon, it occurs in the alluvial deposits of rivers, and consequently in rolled, and generally much rubbed, masses. When transparent and free from flaws, it forms a handsome gem. SPINEL. Spinell, W. Spinelle, H. Dodecahedral Corundum, M. Combination of alumina and magnesia, coloured red by a minute portion of chromic acid, or blue by the protoxide of iron. Red. Blue, Aker. Alumina 74 50 72 25 Magnesia 8 25 14 63 Silica 15 50 5 45 Lime 0 75 0 00 Protoxide of iron 1 50
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
the edges of the octahedron, by planes similar to those of fig. 3, but deeper. Spinel is principally found in Ceylon, Siam, and other eastern countries, where it occurs, like most other gems, in isolated and rolled crystals in the channels of rivers. The pale blue and pearl-grey varieties occur imbedded in calcareous spar at Aker in Sudermannland, Sweden. By lapidaries the scarlet coloured is termed Spinel Ruby; the rose red, Balas Ruby; the yellow or orange red, the Rubicelle; and the violet
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
COUZERANITE. Charpentier. Combination of silica, alumina, lime, magnesia, potash, and soda. Potash 5 52, soda 3 96, silica 52 37, alumina 24 02, lime 11 85, magnesia 1 40 Dufr noy. Sp. Gr. 2 69. H. under 5 0. Primary form an oblique rhombic prism of 84 and 96 . Occurs in small but highly perfect crystals imbedded in limestone. Colour varying from greyish-black to indigo-blue. Opake, but when in fragments transparent and brilliant; lustre vitreous or resinous; fracture slightly lamellar; not
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
; fracture conchoidal. It gelatinizes freely with acids when reduced to powder; and before the blowpipe fuses into a white enamel. It is found in Norway, imbedded in the zircon-syenite of Laurvig, Stavern, and Frederickswarn. The pale blue has a slight opalescence like cats-eye, whence it is occasionally employed for ornamental purposes. NUTTALITE. Nuttalite, Brooke. Nuttalit, L. Contains potash 7 30, silica 37 81, alumina 25 10, lime 18 33, protoxide of iron 7 89, and water 1 50 Thomson. Sp. Gr. 2 7
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
02 Magnesia 2 32 2 62 Water 5 58 4 01 Lime 0 02 Stromeyer. 0 05 Stromeyer. Sp. Gr. 3 2 3 39. H. above 4 0. Colour lavender- or indigo- blue; streak lavender-blue or leek-green. Occurs in fibrous masses which are flexible and elastic like asbestus, and compact; opake; lustre silky; not magnetic; not affected by water or acids; minute fibres are fusible at the flame of a spirit lamp; the mineral itself melts before a strong red heat into a black opake magnetic globule. With borax it forms easily a
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
Text
therefore unlike those parallel to the planes of the octahedron, and may be termed planes of composition. It occurs in the form of the octahedron and its varieties; as the cube, dodecahedron with rhombic planes, c. Fluor is found perfectly limpid and transparent; also white, grey, and exhibiting various shades of blue, green, red, yellow, and purple: when pounded and placed on live coal it emits a phosphorescent light, blue, green, purple, or yellow; when thrown in mass into the fire, it
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A819
Beagle Library:
Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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, who found it in veins with galena and barytes in a kind of clayslate at Stromness* in Orkney. It appears to be very rare. CELESTINE. Sulphate of Strontia. Celestin, W. Prismatoidal Hal Baryte, M. Strontiane Sulphat e, H. Combination of sulphuric acid and strontia. Sulphuric acid 43 64, strontia 56 36 Beudant; even the purest varieties, however, are mixed with small portions of foreign matter. Sp. Gr. 3 6 4 0. H.= 3 0 3 5. This mineral is white, grey, yellow, or reddish; also of a delicate blue
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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It is readily soluble in, and colours borax or salt of phosphorus violet-blue in the oxidating flame, becoming, however, colourless in the reducing flame; it effervesces rather briskly in nitric acid. On exposure to the air it becomes browner in colour; and the bright rose-red varieties lose their hue from the action of light. This species generally occurs in metalliferous veins accompanying various ores of silver and lead, both massive, and in botryoidal concretions coating cavities. The
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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powder possesses a lavender-blue tinge, which is not the case if moistened. Cleavage perfect, in the direction of the prism. Before the blowpipe on charcoal it fumes abundantly, emitting an arsenical odour, and melts in the reducing flame into a bead of arseniuret of cobalt. With borax and other fluxes it yields a fine blue-coloured glass; and is soluble in nitric acid, to which it communicates a red tinge. It occurs in primitive and secondary rocks, with other ores of cobalt; either in micaceous
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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ROSELITE. Levy. Contains oxide of cobalt, arsenic acid, water, lime, and magnesia, according to Children. H. = 3 0. Lustre vitreous; translucent; streak white; cleavage distinct, and brilliant parallel to P. Before the blowpipe it gives off water and blackens. It imparts a blue colour to borax and salt of phosphorus; and is entirely soluble in muriatic acid. This species resembles the last in colour, though quite distinct in crystalline form. This extremely rare mineral occurs in small deep
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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BI-SULPHURET OF COPPER. Covelline,*Beudant. Bi-Sulphuret of Copper, Covelli. Contains copper 66, sulphur 32. In black or greenish-blue incrustations having the appearance of spiders' webs, deposited around the fumaroles of the crater of Vesuvius, and supposed to be derived from the action of sulphuretted hydrogen on the sulphate and muriate of copper. Is soluble in nitric acid, with the disengagement of nitrous gas. PURPLE COPPER. Buntkupfererz, W. Cuivre Pyriteux H patique, H. Variegated
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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in Siberia. It was described by Levy. The K nigine of Levy, or K nigite of Beudant, is generally supposed to be nearly allied to Brochantite. Its primary form is a rhomboidal prism of about 105 and 75 . It cleaves with facility parallel to the base of the prism. Hardness between 2 0 and 3 0; colour emerald- or blackish-green; transparent. It occurs at Werchoturi in Siberia. KUPFERSAMMTERZ. Velvet Blue Copper, J. Cuivre Velout , Levy. A compound of oxide of copper, sulphuric acid, silica, and
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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into the octahedron with a rectangular base. The faces produced by cleavage parallel to the plane P are very brilliant and easily obtained; those parallel to M and M are less so. It is translucent or nearly transparent, soft, and brittle. Streak apple-green; lustre vitreous. It tinges the flame of the blowpipe bright green and blue, muriatic acid arises in vapours, and a bead of copper remains on the charcoal. Is soluble without effervescence in nitric acid, and communicates instantaneously to
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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0 20 79 Water 35 0 22 24 Alumina 0 0 8 03 Oxide of iron 0 0 3 41 Phosphoric acid 0 0 3 61 Silica 0 0 Chenevix. 4 04 Wachtmeister. Sp. Gr. 2 88 2 92. H. = 2 0 2 5. Colour sky-blue, smalt-blue, and occasionally deep grass- or verdigris-green; translucent; cleavage imperfect parallel to all the planes of a flat octahedron; streak corresponding to the colour, but paler; in the matrass it yields much water. Before the blowpipe on charcoal, fuses imperfectly, emits arsenical fumes, and is converted
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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. Before the blowpipe on charcoal it is reduced, and emits fumes of muriatic acid; and in a mixture of salt of phosphorus and peroxide of copper the flame assumes an intense blue colour. Is soluble with slight effervescence in dilute nitric acid. Churchill in the Mendip Hills of Somersetshire is the principal locality of this rare species; it is there found disposed on earthy black manganese. It is said to occur as a product of sublimation upon the lava of Vesuvius; but from that locality the
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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with a little borax it forms a brownish globule, and with a larger quantity a blue or greenish-blue glass. Slowly and with difficulty soluble in nitric acid, leaving a residue. At Schwarzenbach, Bleiberg, and Windisch-Kappel in Carinthia, the molybdate of lead occurs in beds and veins of limestone, along with other ores of lead. It is also met with at Rezbanya in Hungary, and at Moldawa in the Bannat, where its crystals bear at first sight much resemblance, particularly in colour, to the
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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our gravel beds, which have been rounded by attrition. CALCEDONY.* Kalzedon, W. Quarz Agathe Calcedoine, H. Calcedoine, Br. Consists of silica and alumina. Faroe. Silica 84 0 Alumina 16 0 Bergman. Sp. Gr. about 2 6. Calcedony presents various shades of white, grey, yellow, brown, green, and blue, the colour for the most part being uniform. It occurs massive; forming veins; in nodules; and also botryoidal and stalactitic; but never crystallized. It is commonly semi-transparent; has an even or very
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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admixture with oxide of iron. Blue Sapphire, Red Sapphire. Corundum, Emery, China. Bengal. Naxos. Alumina 98 5 84 0 90 0 89 50 86 0 Lime 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 00 3 0 Silica 0 0 6 5 7 0 5 50 3 0 Oxide of iron 1 0 7 5 1 2 1 25 4 0 Klaproth. Chenevix. Klaproth. Tennant. 1. SAPPHIRE. Saphir, W. Corindon hyalin, H. Perfect Corundum, Bournon. This consists of two varieties, the sapphire properly so called, and the oriental ruby, whose chief difference consists in their colour, although the specific gravity of the
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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Blue sapphires are principally brought from Ceylon, either in six-sided prisms variously terminated, or in rolled masses from the beds of torrents; perfect specimens have been found upwards of three inches in diameter. The finest red sapphires are found in the Capelan Mountains, twelve days' journey from Sirian, a city of Pegu; it also occurs near Billin and Meronitz, in Bohemia; in the sand of the brook Expaillie, in France; at Brendola, in the Vicentine; on Mont St Gothard; and in Portugal
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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reniform masses, which are either botryoidal or mammillated; has a peculiar greenish-blue colour, but of various shades, passing on the one hand into sky-blue, and on the other into apple-green; and is dull internally; but occasionally the lustre is waxy, rarely splendent; fracture conchoidal; rough and uneven, frequently scaly. It is commonly opake; rarely translucent on the edges; streak white. The decomposed specimens resemble porcelain-clay. In the reducing flame of the blowpipe it becomes
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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lamellar at right angles to the axis of the prism; it also cleaves, though with difficulty, parallel to the sides of a right rhombic prism of about 124 22 and 55 38'; and it appears to yield to mechanical division on all the angles of the prism; cross fracture conchoidal, with a shining vitreous lustre. It is sometimes limpid and nearly transparent; or of various shades of yellow, green, blue, or red, and translucent. It becomes electric by heat, with polarity; and is easily excited by friction
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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Coimbetoor, in Hindustan; and imbedded in mica slate in the Heubach valley, Pinzgau district, Saltzburg. Such varieties of beryl as are clear, transparent and exhibit brilliant shades of sky-blue, or mountain-green, are denominated by lapidaries aqua-marine, or precious beryl. They are principally from the Brazils, and frequently occur in considerable masses. Of the common beryl, large hexagonal pale-green coloured translucent prisms are met with in the granitic district of Nertschinsk, and in the
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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exhales a slight arsenical odour, but does not fuse; with borax it forms a deep cobalt-blue coloured globule. It occurs in sandstone, with yellow copper, at Alderley Edge, in Cheshire; at Nertschinsk in Siberia; and at Riechelsdorf in Hessia; at Saalfeld in Thuringia, associated with several species of cobalt pyrites; in the Tyrol, Bohemia, Saxony, and elsewhere. In Ireland, of a blue colour, investing fissures in slate-clay in the peninsula of Howth near Dublin. The brilliancy which its surface
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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quartz or some other substance, and exhibits an appearance of polish, and a lustre, from which the name of Slickenside, or looking-glass lead ore, has been derived. It is found principally in the mines of Derbyshire. Blue Lead. Blau Bleierz, W. Plomb sulfur prismatique epig ne, H. Plomb bleu, Br. Plomb noir, Bt. This is evidently pseudomorphous of phosphate of lead. It occurs massive, likewise in six-sided prisms of a colour between lead-grey and indigo-blue, which sometimes are narrower near
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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in rounded masses at Elba. COBALTIC GALENA. Cobaltic Galena, or Cobaltic Lead Glance, J. and M. Cobaltbleierz, Haus. Sp. Gr. 8 44. Soft and sectile. Contains lead 62 89, arsenic 22 47, sulphur 0 47, iron 2 11, cobalt 0 94, arsenical pyrites 1 44 (the loss of 9 76 being attributed to intermixed calcareous spar) Du Menil. In minute moss-like groups of crystals, or cleavable masses. Colour leadgrey, inclining to blue; opake; lustre metallic and shining. Soils a little. Splits into fragments before
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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Copper. Oxygen. Iron. Carb. A. Water. Copper. Red oxide of copper, 89 11 . . . Black copper, 80 20 . . . Blue carb. of copper, 55 14 . 26 5 Green carb. of copper, 57 15 . 19 9 Silica. Chrysocolla, 35 9 . . 20 36 Dioptase, 38 11 . . 14 37 Sulph.A. Sulphate of copper, 25 7 . 32 36 Tin, c Brochantite, 53 15 . 17 12 3 Zinc. Kupfersammterz, . Mur A Muriate of copper, 57 15 . 11 17 Phosphate of copper, 51 14 . 28 7 Hydrous phosph. of copper, 50 13 . 22 15 Arsen.A. Arseniate of copper, 29 8 . 28 35
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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This mineral rarely occurs massive, more frequently in flat oblique rhomboidal prisms, whose edges are remarkably sharp. Common colour violet or clove-brown, inclining to plumb-blue and pearl-grey; also yellow and green, from an admixture of chlorite; occasionally nearly colourless, and transparent. The crystals do not appear to possess regular cleavages, their primary therefore has not been determined; their general form is that of a doubly oblique prism, which is assumed as the primary in
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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rallel with the other planes of the primary rhomboid. The fracture is conchoidal. Sapphire has obtained several names dependent on its colour and lustre: the transparent or translucent, white sapphire; the blue, oriental sapphire; with pearly reflections, the chatoyant or opalescent sapphire; when transparent, and with a pale reddish or bluish reflection, girasol sapphire. Some, when cut en cabochon. present a silvery star of six rays, in a direction perpendicular to the axis; this variety is
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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3 and 4, and c3. No part of the world has hitherto produced finer specimens of this species than the counties of Cumberland, Derby, and Cornwall. Those varieties from the lead mines of Alston Moor and Derbyshire usually assume the form of the cube, and present the finest shades of blue and green, varying in colour as the light by which they are examined is reflected or transmitted; some beautiful octahedral forms occur at Beeralston in Devonshire, while the neighbouring county of Cornwall has
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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divisible into the form of a right rhombic prism, which therefore is the primary crystal; its angles by the reflective goniometer, from fractured surfaces, being 101 42' and 78 18 : the lustre of the fragments is shining. It occurs transparent and opake; white, yellow, red, grey, and blue; it possesses double refraction when held in a particular direction. It decrepitates briskly before the blowpipe, and is difficultly fusible, but eventually melts into a hard white enamel which is not
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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of ammonia 18 0 12 47 Sulphate of magnesia 0 0 0 33 Water 45 0 Lampadius. 43 39 Stromeyer. Primary form the cube or the regular octahedron. White; taste bitter. Before the blowpipe in the matrass it yields water, intumesces, and forms a sublimation of the sulphate of ammonia, which is soluble in water. The dried mass becomes blue with solution of cobalt. Occurs in small fibrous masses in the lignite of Tschermig in Bohemia. [page] 20
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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Before the blowpipe it yields water in the matrass, Per se it is infusible, but assumes a reddish tinge in the oxidating flame. With borax it affords a violet-blue coloured globule. It is insoluble in nitric acid, but in muriatic it gives off chlorine, and dissolves without residue; when exposed to a powerful heat, oxygen is disengaged. This is the purest and most beautifully crystallized ore of manganese. It occurs both in primitive and secondary countries, in veins, beds, and irregular
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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difficulty to the knife, and is not very frangible. Before the blowpipe on charcoal it disengages copious arsenical fumes, and, after being roasted for some time, melts into a metallic globule of a dull black externally, which attracts the magnet, but which is not malleable; it tinges borax of a deep-blue colour; and effervesces in heated nitric acid. Fig. 1, the primary; a cube. Fig. 2, the same, of which the solid angles are replaced by triangular planes; which in fig. 3 are so greatly increased as to
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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, sulphur 1 01 Kersten. Occurs massive, with a radiated and porous-like structure. Colour intermediate between lead-grey and steel-grey, with a glistening or glimmering metallic lustre; streak dull, same colour as the mineral. Before the blowpipe it emits copious fumes of arsenious acid, and deposits on the charcoal a yellow crust, the assay at the same time assuming a brown colour. When well roasted, it communicates to borax a smalt blue colour. This mineral has hitherto only been found at
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A819
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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generally in implanted crystals, attached to the matrix laterally so as to form rose-like aggregations; sometimes they are macled. Cleavage perfect parallel to a. Colour pinchbeck-brown, with an occasional superficial violet-blue tarnish on the faces f; high [page] 29
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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and blue by admixture with ores of copper. It occurs in tabular crystals, in six-sided prisms variously terminated, and in other macled crystals of different forms. It cleaves parallel to the planes P, M, and M of the following figures, but not distinctly, being frequently interrupted by conchoidal fracture; the lustre of the planes produced by cleavage is somewhat adamantine; the fracture small conchoidal, with a resinous lustre; transparent or translucent; when transparent it is doubly
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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is rhombic. It occurs massive, disseminated, investing other minerals, and crystallized in the form of an acute four-sided pyramid, either perfect or variously modified; cleavage imperfect and interrupted; fracture conchoidal, uneven in the impure varieties; lustre shining and resinous, varying from transparent to translucent on the edges; very brittle. It burns readily with a lambent blue, or white flame, according to the low or high degree of temperature, emitting at the same time a pungent
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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species was noticed by Zippe at Przibram in Bohemia, where it occurs in metallic veins, associated with blende, antimony, sparry iron, c. ARSENIURET OF MANGANESE. Kane. Contains manganese 45 50, arsenic 51 80, oxide of iron 2 70 Kane. Sp. Gr. 5 55. Occurs massive and botryoidal; of a greyish-white colour. Composition granular. Fracture uneven. When exposed to the atmosphere it becomes coated with a black powder. Before the blowpipe it burns with a blue flame, attended by a white smoke, and the odour
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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; the outer yellow, the inner blue more properly designated as the oxidating and reducing flames of the blowpipe. The heat of the outer cone is less than that of the inner, and the most intense heat of the blue flame is near its point. The substance to be acted on ought not to exceed the size of a grain of pepper; for if too large, a part of it will be without the focus of the heat, to which every part ought to be subjected alike. In most cases it will be advantageous to expose the mineral at first
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F1574b
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part II. Second notebook [C] (February to July 1838). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (3) (May): 75-118.
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68 little bird. In same way Wilson1 (p. 5) describes many kinds of birds uniting together in pursuit of Blue Jay, when birds hears cry of distress of other parents. Shows community of language. Desert country is as effectual as a cold one in checking beautiful colours of species. Mem. St. Jago; solitary Halcyon bird of passage. M.coronata of Latham, wrong. Mr.Yarrell says that some birds or animals are placed in white rooms to give tinge to 69 offspring. Darkness effect on human offspring
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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so hard as quartz; and is infusible. Its general colour is grey, which is tinged blue, green, brown, red, or yellow. In appearance it closely resembles compact felspar: hornstone, however, is infusible; felspar is fusible. Hornstone is found in round masses in limestone in the Tyrol, forming veins in Hungary and Sweden, and presenting remarkable pseudomorphous crystallizations in Saxony and Bohemia. It is by most mineralogists classed with flint. LEELITE.* Leelite the helleflinta of the Swedes is
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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fingers. Colour milk-white, inclining to blue. Streak the same. Fracture conchoidal. Adheres strongly to the moistened lip. Yields water in the glass tube. Becomes opake and grey coloured when exposed to heat in the platina forceps. With borax forms a colourless glass. In salt of phosphorus is soluble, with the exception of a silica skeleton. In concentrated muriatic acid it forms a transparent jelly. This substance occurs in the clefts of ironstone veins at Eyben-stock in the Erzgebirge
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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, or cupreous idocrase, from the vicinity of Telle-marken in Norway, exhibits occasionally crystalline faces, and has a fine smalt-blue tinge, arising, it is supposed, from a minute portion of copper. It fuses readily, with effervescence, into a globule, which becomes black in the oxydizing flame and red in the reducing one. 2. EGERAN. It occurs in diverging groups of deeply streaked translucent crystals, of a liver-brown colour, whose form is that of a right rectangular prism, having its lateral
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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.* Strahliger-Anthophyllite, H. J. Prismatic Schiller Spar, M. Combination of silica, alumina, magnesia, and protoxide of iron. Silica 62 66 Alumina 13 33 Magnesia 4 00 Lime 3 33 Oxide of iron 12 00 Oxide of manganese 3 25 Water 1 43 John. Sp. Gr. 3 0 to 3 3. H. = 5 0 to 5 5. Anthophyllite has a grey or clove-brown colour; with an occasional blue tinge; and a glistening, pearly, pseudo-metallic lustre. It occurs massive, the mass consisting of crystals or crystalline fibres, often disposed in a radiating
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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into white leaves, and increases to about twenty times its original size; but does not fuse. With borax it forms a green transparent glass, which on cooling loses its colour; with salt of phosphorus is decomposed into a colourless glass and a skeleton of silica; with soda fuses with effervescence into a transparent yellow glass; and heated with a solution of cobalt, it assumes a blue tinge. It occurs near Beresof, in the Ural Mountains of Siberia. FAHLUNITE. Tricklasite, Leonhard. Combination of
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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OKENITE. Kobell. Silica 56 99 55 64 Lime 26 35 26 59 Water 16 65 17 00 Alumina, oxide of iron, and traces of potash 0 53 Kobell. Sp. Gr. 2 28. H. = 5 0 6 0. Occurs in delicately fibrous and sometimes radiating masses, having a glimmering or pearly lustre. Colour white, with a shade of yellow or blue; translucent on the edges. Before the blowpipe in the matrass it affords much water slightly alkaline; alone on charcoal it fuses readily, intumesces, and forms a porcelain-like mass. With borax it
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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tourmaline, quartz, and lithomarge, producing the mixture named by Werner, topaz-rock. Its usual matrix is granite, accompanying beryl, mica, tourmaline, fluor, apatite, and tin. The district of Cairngorm in Aberdeenshire has produced the largest and most magnificent crystals of topaz. Jameson mentions one which weighed nineteen ounces. They are usually of a fine sky-blue colour, except on the edges of the prism, which appear pale brown. Topazes from this locality, however, are rare. In the
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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.2 76 to 2 73. H. = 7 5 8 0. The only important difference between emerald and beryl is in their colours; which, since they present an uninterrupted series, is altogether insufficient for a division of the present species. The emerald is emerald-green, which it derives from a small proportion of chrome; all the varieties of other colours, tinged more or less yellow and blue, or altogether colourless, are beryl. Common form the hexahedral prism, which sometimes is deeply striated longitudinally
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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the edges; the lustre on the lamellar fragments is vitreous or pearly; the cross fracture uneven and glimmering. It presents white, yellow, blue, green, or red colours; and is either granular or massive, disseminated or crystallized. The crystals yield to cleavage parallel to the planes P M and T of the following figures, affording as primary form a doubly oblique prism, which presents in one direction four angles of 90 ; in another, four alternately of 59 25 and 120 35 ; in another, four
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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; general colour greenish, or yellowish-green, with veins of blue or brown; rarely also pink or mottled; translucent on the edges, unctuous to the touch, and generally yields to the pressure of the nail. Before the blowpipe on charcoal it whitens, and presents some slight marks of fusion; and with borax affords a colourless glass. It is partly soluble in sulphuric acid, leaving a siliceous residue. Brongniart has given it the name of steatite pagodite, from its being always brought from China in the
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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calcareous spar. It becomes electric by heat, the heated fragments exhibiting a dull blue phosphoric light. Before the blowpipe on charcoal it becomes opake, and then vitrifies without intumescence; with borax, fuses with difficulty into a transparent colourless glass; and is soluble in, and forms a thick jelly with, acids. The fibrous variety consists of minute crystals aggregated in a radiating or stellular form; the centre being often compact enough to yield a splintery fracture, while the
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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, lime 0 32, loss 4 77, is evidently the same mineral. It is fusible in masses of an azure-blue colour, presenting six pretty distinct cleavages, which form together angles of 120 . Occurs in the zircon rocks of Miask, near Ilmensee in Siberia. * Sodalite, from its containing soda. [page] 13
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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of 119 and 61 . The cleavage parallel to the base is most perfect; lustre internally vitreous, pearly upon the perfect faces of cleavage; translucent when in thin fragments; colour grey, with opaline reflections of a blue, yellow, or brilliant red hue. Before the blowpipe on charcoal it fuses into a compact glass, whose fracture is brilliant; is scarcely affected by salt of phosphorus, unless reduced to powder, when it is decomposed into a skeleton of silica, and a glass which becomes opaline
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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, exhibiting various shades of azure-blue. It is slightly translucent; brittle, yet nearly as hard as quartz; the fracture is lamellar, and its cleavage is parallel with the planes of the prism, though indistinct. Before the blowpipe it intumesces a little, and assumes a glassy appearance where the heat has been highest, but does not melt. With borax it yields a clear colourless globule. The second of the above figures represents a superb crystal in the possession of H. J. Brooke, Esq. M on M' 121 30 e
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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primary form; fracture more or less conchoidal, with a vitreous lustre; translucent, rarely transparent; white, yellowish-white, wine-yellow, green, blue or bluish-green, and red, these co * Named by Werner, from , to deceive; in allusion to its being readily mistaken for certain other minerals. [page] 17
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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remarkable for their whiteness and transparency, and the regularity of their complex forms; those from Arendal in Norway (Moroxite) are opake, and of a greenish-blue colour; while the asparagus-stone or spargelstein, from the Zillerthal in the Tyrol, is translucent, of a wine-yellow hue, and imbedded in green talc. In the St Lawrence county, United States, apatite occurs abundantly in well-defined sea-green coloured crystals, occasionally four to six inches in length, imbedded in granular
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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does not melt, except that the thinnest edges are converted, at a high temperature, into a semi-transparent vitrified mass: with borax it yields a white glass; and with salt of phosphorus melts in the oxidating flame into a transparent colourless globule and in the reducing, into a green one, which becomes of a fine blue colour on cooling. When pulverized and thrown into heated nitric acid, it assumes a yellow colour, but does not dissolve. Fragments dropped upon live coal exhibit a
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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. Soude Borat e, H. Prismatic Borax Salt, M. Borax. Tincal. Contains Soda 14 5 Boracic acid 37 0 Water 47 0 Klanroth. Sp. Gr. 1 74. H. = 2 0 2 5. Tincal occurs in prismatic crystals, variously terminated, and yielding to mechanical division parallel to the lateral planes of the primary form an oblique rhombic prism of 86 30 and 93 30 and both its diagonals. The crystals are whitish, occasionally possess a tinge of blue or of green, and vary from translucent or nearly transparent, to opake. Taste
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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SODA-ALUM. Thomson. Sulphuric acid 38 5, alumina 12 0, soda 7 5, water 42 0, with a little silica, lime, iron, and manganese Thomson. Sp. Gr. 1 88. H. about 2 0. Occurs in white fibrous masses, the outer fibres opake from decomposition, internally transparent, and exhibiting a glossy or silky aspect. Resembles alum in taste, but is more soluble in water. Is found in irregular nodules resembling fibrous gypsum, imbedded in soft blue slate, at St Juan in South America; and Beudant mentions it as
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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Saxony, and at Schemnitz in Hungary; also in aluminous shale, at Hurlet near Paisley; and in New England, where it forms crusts upon the surfaces of such mica-slate rocks as happen to abound in iron pyrites. It is used in dyeing, in making ink, Prussian blue, and sulphuric acid. BOTRYOGENE. Native Red Iron Vitriol of Fahlun, Haidinger. Rother Eisen-Vitriol, Leonhard. Neoplase, Beudant. Bisulphate of the peroxide of iron, combined with bisulphate of the protoxide of iron, and water. Sulphuric acid 32
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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square. Colour iron-black, opake, very hard, and affords a dark reddish or chesnut-brown powder. Lustre imperfect metallic. On charcoal in a strong heat it fuses on the edges; with borax readily forms a deep violet-blue or almost black globule; and with soda produces a green coloured scoria. Is insoluble in muriatic acid, but is decomposed by heated sulphuric acid. Hausmannite is found in veins of porphyry, along with other ores of manganese, at hrenstock near Ilmenau in Thuringia; at Ihlefeld in
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Phillips, William. 1837. An elementary introduction to mineralogy, comprising a notice of the characters and minerals, with accounts of the place and circumstances in which they are found. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
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observable. Before the blowpipe it colours glass of borax violet-blue, like other ores of manganese; and is completely soluble in muriatic acid, with the exception of a small quantity of silica. This species is frequently associated with pyrolusite, sometimes even alternating with it in layers of different thickness; and occurs in botryoidal and stalactitic-shaped masses in Devonshire and Cornwall; at Ihlefeid in the Harts; in the district of Siegen in Hessia; and at several places in Saxony, Silesia
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