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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
the bottom is of sediment, and irregularly or abruptly where there are coral reefs; but this is by no means the universal structure in other atolls. Chamisso,‡ speaking in general terms of the lagoons in the Marshall atolls, says the lead generally sinks from a depth of two or three fathoms to twenty or twenty-four, and you may pursue a line in which on one side of the boat you may see the bottom, and on the other the azure blue deep water. The shores of the * Principles of Geology, vol. iii. p
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
islands. Lastly, in the Indian ocean, the archipelago of the Maldivas is 470 miles in length, and 60 in breadth; that of the Laccadives is 150 by 100 miles: as there is a low island between these two groups, they may be consi- * I find from Mr. Couthouy's pamphlet, p. 58, that Aurora island is about 200 feet in height; it consists of coral rock, and seems to have been formed by the elevation of an atoll. It lies N.E. of Tahiti, close without the line bounding the space coloured dark blue in the map
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
number of immense piles of sediment have been heaped on the floor of the great Pacific and Indian Oceans, in their central parts far remote from land, and where the dark blue colour of the limpid water bespeaks its purity, cannot for one moment be admitted. The many widely-scattered atolls must, therefore, rest on rocky bases. But we cannot believe that the broad summit of a mountain lies buried at the depth of a few fathoms beneath every atoll, and nevertheless throughout the immense areas above
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
off. In all these respects an examination of a series of charts will show how perfectly groups of atolls resemble groups of common islands. On the direct evidence of the blue spaces in the map having subsided during the upward growth of the reefs so coloured, and of the red spaces having remained stationary, or having been upraised.—With respect to subsidence, I have shown in the last chapter, that we cannot expect to obtain in countries inhabited only by semi-civilized races, demonstrative
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
remains, which seem, from evidence more or less satisfactory, to belong to a late tertiary period. It may, however, be objected, that similar proofs of elevation, perhaps, occur on the coasts coloured blue in our map: but this certainly is not the case with the few following and doubtful exceptions. The entire area of the Red Sea appears to have been upraised within a modern period; nevertheless I have been compelled, (though on unsatisfactory evidence, as given in the Appendix) to class the
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
antiquity: or they may have been deposited at some subsequent, but probably not very recent period of elevation; for if the period had been recent, the entire surface of the coast-land of these islands, where the reefs are so extensive, would have been coated with upraised coral, which certainly is not the case. Two of the Harvey, or Cook Islands, namely, Aitutaki and Manouai, are encircled by reefs, which extend so far from the land, that I have coloured them blue, although with much hesitation, as the
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
from the atoll-formed Appoo reef: and there are two other volcanos in the map within ninety miles of circles coloured blue. These few cases, which thus offer partial exceptions to the rule, of volcanos being placed remote from the areas of subsidence, lie either near single and isolated atolls, or near small groups of encircled islands; and these by our theory can have, in few instances, subsided to the same amount in depth or area, as groups of atolls. There is not one active volcano within
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
both subsided and been upraised. I conclude, however, that most of the large blue spaces have subsided without many and great elevatory oscillations, because only a few upraised atolls have been observed: the supposition that such elevations have taken place, but that the upraised parts have been worn down by the surf, and thus have escaped observation, is overruled by the very considerable depth of the lagoons of all the larger atolls; for this could not have been the case, if they had
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F8.17    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 no. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
. Pieces of the gill-cover much as in the Sprat; the subopercle rounded at bottom, the opercle with a shallow notch near the upper angle. The dorsal commences exactly in the middle of the entire length, excluding caudal. The ventrals are as nearly as possible directly beneath its first ray: these fins are very small, and shorter than in the sprat. D. 18; A. 23; C. 19, c.; P. 16; V. 7. Length 4 inches 2 lines. COLOURS. Back blue; belly silvery. D. The second specimen is similar, only smaller. Both
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F8.18    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Reptiles Part 5 no. 1 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
to the ear. The ground colour of the back is chesnut brown or greenish brown, with a bright metallic green glance in certain lights; there are two light buff longitudinal fasciæ running the whole length of the body; the under parts are of a bright metallic blue colour. Mr. Darwin states that in one specimen there were emerald spots on the sides, which did not exist in another individual. This may possibly be a sexual peculiarity. DIMENSIONS OF A MALE SPECIMEN. Inches. Lines. Length of the head
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
marked with lines of dull red and green. Ventral and anal fins dark greenish blue. —He does not notice the vertical bands alluded to by Cuvier and Valenciennes, which are sufficiently obvious, and which accord with the figure and description of the authors just mentioned. Habitat, Maldonado Bay, Rio Plata. [page] 17 FISH
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
) beneath, with faint indications of five or six dark transverse bands, similar to those in the common perch. Inside of the ventrals blue. Second specimen.—Smaller than the above, measuring six inches and a half in length, but differing from it in no respect, as regards form, excepting in having the profile not so oblique, and the snout in consequence not so obtuse; the jaws also are exactly equal. Fin-ray formula the same. COLOUR.— Beneath brilliant white; head and back clouded with purplish and
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
. Pieces of the gill-cover much as in the Sprat; the subopercle rounded at bottom, the opercle with a shallow notch near the upper angle. The dorsal commences exactly in the middle of the entire length, excluding caudal. The ventrals are as nearly as possible directly beneath its first ray: these fins are very small, and shorter than in the sprat. D. 18; A. 23; C. 19, c.; P. 16; V. 7. Length 4 inches 2 lines. COLOURS. — Back blue; belly silvery. —D. The second specimen is similar, only smaller
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A13    Review:     Jackson, 1842. [Review of] The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs: Being the First Part of the Geology of the Voyage of the 'Beagle,' under the Command of Capt. FitzRoy, R. N., during the Years 1832 to 1836. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 12: 115-120.   Text
greater distance, a corresponding elevation the result of oscillation, or what the French geologists term mouvement de bascule. Moreover, the direction of the spaces coloured red on the map, and which represent the areas raised, is such relatively to the spaces coloured blue and indicating the depressed areas, that their co-relation of effect seems evident on simple inspection, though their synchronism of action cannot in all cases be fully established.* In concluding this sixth chapter of his
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F1555    Book:     Darwin, Francis ed. 1909. The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842. Cambridge: University Press.   Text   Image   PDF
when it was found that they were sterile together. See the case of the red and blue Anagallis given from G rtner in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 247, vi. p. 368. [page] 1
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
the growth of coral round submerged banks, and their subsequent upheaval. Dr. Allan informs me that he never observed any elevated organic remains on the Seychelles, which come under our fringed class. The nature of the formations round the shores of the Red Sea, as described by several authors, shows that the whole of this large area has been elevated within a very recent tertiary epoch. A part of this space in the appended map, is coloured blue, indicating the presence of barrier-reefs; on
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
water, thus affording a foundation for a ring-formed coral-reef. I have, however, thought myself compelled, from its large size and symmetrical outline, to colour it blue. SAMOA or NAVIGATOR GROUP.—Kotzebue, in his second voyage, contrasts the structure of these islands with many others in the Pacific, in not being furnished with harbours for ships, formed by distant coral-reefs. The Rev. J. Williams, however, informs me, that coral-reefs do occur in irregular patches on the shores of these
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
submerged atoll, and is coloured blue. Savage Isl., 19° S. 170° W., has been described by Cook and Forster. The younger Forster, (vol. ii. p. 163.) says it is about forty feet high: he suspects that it contains a low plain, which formerly was the lagoon. The Rev. J. Williams informs me that the reef fringing its shores, resembles that round Mangaia; coloured red. FRIENDLY ARCH.—Pylstaart Isl: judging from the chart in Freycinet's Atlas, I should have supposed that it had been regularly fringed; but as
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
; coloured red. Off the north coast of the Salomon Arch., there are several small groups which are little known: they appear to be low, and of coral formation; and some of them probably have an atoll-like structure: the Chev. Dillon, however, informs me this is not the case with the B. de Candelaria.—Outong Java, according to the Spanish Navigator, Maurelle, is thus characterized; but this is the only one, which I have ventured to colour blue. NEW IRELAND.—The shores of the S.W. point of this
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
plupart des iles de cet archipel, il y a de rocs de madrepores d'une beauté et d'une variété infinies. Forrest, also, (p. 50,) says Seland, near Batchian, is a little island with reefs of coral; coloured red.—Morty Island, (north of Gilolo); Horsburgh (vol. ii. p. 506) says the northern coast is lined by reefs, projecting one or two miles, and having no soundings close to them; I have left it uncoloured, although, as in some former cases, it ought probably to be pale blue.—Celebes. The western
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
they merely fringe submarine banks, and gently sloping land. In the Bay of Bonin, between the two southern arms of Celebes, there are numerous coral-reefs; but none of them seem to have an atoll-like structure. I have, therefore, not coloured any of the islands in this part of the sea; I think it, however, exceedingly probable that some of them ought to be blue. I may add that there is a harbour on the S.E. coast of Bouton, which, according to an old chart, is formed by a reef, parallel to the
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
a large scale of Appoo shoal, which lies near the S.E. coast of Mindoro, has been executed by Capt. D. Ross: it appears atoll-formed, but with rather an irregular outline; its diameter is about ten miles; there are two well defined passages leading into the interior lagoon, which appears open; close outside the reef all round, there is no bottom with seventy fathoms; coloured blue.—Mindoro: the N.W. coast is represented in several charts, as fringed by a reef; and Luban Isld. is said, by
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
, that expression was more particularly applied to the shoals further in the offing. If these reefs of coral have a lagoon-like structure, they should have been coloured blue, and they would have formed an imperfect barrier in front of Palawan and the northern part of Borneo. But, as the water is not very deep, these reefs may have grown up from inequalities on the bank: I have not coloured them.—The coasts of China, Tonquin, and Cochin-China, forming the western boundary of the China Sea, appear
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
reef and the shore (Horsburgh, vol. i. p. 214); in Capt. Owen's chart of Madagascar, this island is represented as encircled; coloured blue.—Great Comoro Isld. is, as I am informed by Dr. Allan, about 8,000 feet high, and apparently volcanic; it is not regularly encircled; but reefs of various shapes and dimensions, jut out from every headland on the W., S., and S.E. coasts, inside of which reefs there are channels, often parallel with the shore, with deep water. On the N.-western coasts the
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F271    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
have so completely the form of atolls, that if they had occurred in the Pacific, I should not have hesitated about colouring them blue. Turneffe Reef seems almost entirely filled up with low mud islets; and the depth within the other two reefs is only from one to three fathoms. From this circumstance, and from their similarity in form, structure, and relative position, both to the bank called Northern Triangles on which there is an islet between 70 and 80 feet, and to Cozumel Island, the level
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F8.17    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 no. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
irregular patch above the pectoral bright yellow: iris red, pupil blue-black. D. The dried skin in its present state is of a nearly uniform brown. Habitat, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago. I have named this species in honour of Mr. Darwin, whose researches in the Galapagos Archipelago, where he obtained it, have been so productive in bringing to light new forms. I have referred it to the genus Cossyphus of Valenciennes, on account of the small rounded grains behind the principal teeth
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F8.17    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 no. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
verditer blue, with some yellow stripes about the head and fins. D. The dried skin is nearly of a uniform brown, but the snout and cheeks are much varied with green: the jaws also are green. A bright green patch in front of the eye, immediately beneath which is a pale frænum, probably yellow in the recent state. Dorsal and anal green: the former shews some trace of a lighter narrow band running longitudinally below the upper edge of the fin; the latter exhibits a very distinct fascia running along the
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F8.17    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 no. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
, as in the last species. Lateral line distinctly branched, the ramifications irregular and varying on each scale; in some instances only one long stem extending nearly to the margin of the scale, with one or more lateral twigs; in others, two, three, or even four distinct stems, either simple or ramified. COLOUR. ( In spirits.) Of a nearly uniform dark brown, with some faint traces of purplish blue about the head and fins, which possibly may have pervaded some parts of the body also in the recent
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F8.17    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 no. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
seems to have been blue and golden pink. Habitat, Galapagos Archipelago. A single individual of this species was obtained by Mr. Darwin in tidal pools at Chatham Island, in the Galapagos Archipelago. [page] 142 ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE
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F8.17    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 no. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
ever existed. In spirits it appears of a nearly uniform deep brown red. The spines, or rather papillæ, are also shorter than represented in his figure; but this may be only the effect of immaturity. According to Mr. Darwin, the colours when recent were as follows: Above blackish brown, beneath spotted with yellow. Eye with the pupil dark blue; iris yellow, mottled with black. It is added: On the head four soft projections; the upper ones longer, like the feelers of a snail. Mr. Darwin observes
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F8.17    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 no. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
outer and largest ring includes nearly the entire surface of the back and sides. The upper surface is, in addition, marked with round spots of a darker shade. Pectoral and dorsal fins yellowish brown. Iris, inner edge clouded with orange; pupil dark green-blue. D. In its present state, there is no indication of the rings noticed above. The spots, which are small, and cover nearly the whole head, back, and sides, appear also sparingly on the basal half of the caudal, but not on any of the other fins
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F8.18    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Reptiles Part 5 no. 1 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
, occasionally run into each other. Var. A. General colour of the upper part bronzed or coppery, having a green longitudinal line on each side of the back, at the inner margin of which is a series of very distinct black dots. The sides of the neck and body are of a similar colour to the back, with indistinct black spots; beneath this part the ground colour becomes blue with black dots. The throat is blackish, and the inferior surface generally is very pale bluish green. Var. B. This variety is
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
COLOUR.—The specimen above described appears, in its present state, greyish brown, with zig-zag lines in different directions of a darker tint. A second individual is stated by Mr. Darwin to have been, when alive, above salmon-coloured. A third is described as above aureous-coppery, with wave-like lines of dark brown, which often collect into four or five transverse bands; fins lead-colour; beneath obscure; pupil dark blue. Both these last specimens appear now, like the first, greyish-brown
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
more. B. 6; D. 6/28; A. 1/25; C. 17, c.; P. 19; V. 1/5. Length 11 inches. COLOUR.—(In spirits.) Back and sides deep brown, with the exception of two rows of pale spots along the sides, very faint and ill-defined. Underneath altogether paler. The dorsal and anal appear to have been bluish, with the basal portion of each fin pale, but without any edging of white above. Inside of the ventrals blue; pectorals the same, but paler. The caudal shows some trace of a dark round spot on the base of the
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
, which, however, are not very obvious. Pectorals narrow and rather small, being scarcely more than half the length of the head. Ventrals placed a little further back, and rather shorter than the pectorals. B. 7; D. 10 — 1/20; A. 1/8; C. 17; P. 16; V. 1/5. Length 9 inc. 9 lines. COLOUR.— Silvery white, above iridescent with violet purple and blue. —D. Mr. Darwin has not noticed the dark transverse lines, which descend from the back obliquely forwards, as repre- G [page] 42 ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
. lin. 2. COLOUR.— Silvery; above, shaded with brown and iridescent with blue; fins and iris sometimes edged with blackish brown. Flap of the gill-cover edged with black. —D. Habitat, Galapagos Archipelago. This species, which is undoubtedly new, may be known from most of those described by Cuvier and Valenciennes by its greater number of soft rays in the anal fin. The only ones which equal it in this respect are the P. Conceptionis and * The third spine is broken, and may have been as long as the
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
brown much interrupted bands, giving a mottled appearance; head coloured with the same; top of the head, ridge of the back, edges of the dorsal, caudal and ventral fins, tinted with fine azure blue. —D. Habitat, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago. Mr. Darwin's collection contains a single specimen of a species of Chrysophrys from the Galapagos Archipelago, not in a sufficiently good state of preservation to admit of a very detailed description being given of it, but, nevertheless, evidently
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
; silvery on the abdomen and lower half of the sides, passing above the middle, and on the back, into pale lead blue, tinged with gray and brownish: fins pale greyish brown. No conspicuous markings, except the usual spot on the notch of the opercle, which, however, is small, and confined entirely to the membrane. Habitat, Tahiti. This species belongs to the second section adopted by Cuvier and Valenciennes in this genus; or that in which the form of the body resembles that of the C. trachurus, but in
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
notes taken from the recent fish:— COLOUR.— Whole body silvery; upper part of the back iridescent blue, lower greenish; spotted with coppery-lead circular patches. —D. This specimen measures ten inches and a half in length. It will be observed that the colour of the spots is still said to have been lead, though inclining to coppery. It was not taken at the same place as the other, but at Port St. Julian, in central Patagonia; if therefore they are both referable to the S. maculatus, this species
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
length of the oval of the body. Ventrals attached a little further back, sharp-pointed, and terminating in the same vertical line with the pectorals, both being laid back. D. 9/23; A. 3/23; C. 16, c.; P. 16; V. 1/5. Length, to the end of the caudal lobes, 7 inches. COLOUR.—The colours appear to have been exactly as described in the Histoire des Poissons. Mr. Darwin's notes taken from the recent fish state, splendid verditer blue and green; but do not enter into the details of the markings
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
large irregular patch above the pectoral bright yellow: iris red, pupil blue-black. —D. The dried skin in its present state is of a nearly uniform brown. Habitat, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago. I have named this species in honour of Mr. Darwin, whose researches in the Galapagos Archipelago, where he obtained it, have been so productive in bringing to light new forms. I have referred it to the genus Cossyphus of Valenciennes, on account of the small rounded grains behind the principal teeth
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
verditer blue, with some yellow stripes about the head and fins. —D.—The dried skin is nearly of a uniform brown, but the snout and cheeks are much varied with green: the jaws also are green. A bright green patch in front of the eye, immediately beneath which is a pale frænum, probably yellow in the recent state. Dorsal and anal green: the former shews some trace of a lighter narrow band running longitudinally below the upper edge of the fin; the latter exhibits a very distinct fascia running along
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
, as in the last species. Lateral line distinctly branched, the ramifications irregular and varying on each scale; in some instances only one long stem extending nearly to the margin of the scale, with one or more lateral twigs; in others, two, three, or even four distinct stems, either simple or ramified. COLOUR.—(In spirits.) Of a nearly uniform dark brown, with some faint traces of purplish blue about the head and fins, which possibly may have pervaded some parts of the body also in the recent
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
to have been blue and golden pink. Habitat, Galapagos Archipelago. A single individual of this species was obtained by Mr. Darwin in tidal pools at Chatham Island, in the Galapagos Archipelago. [page] 142 ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
ever existed. In spirits it appears of a nearly uniform deep brown red. The spines, or rather papillæ, are also shorter than represented in his figure; but this may be only the effect of immaturity. According to Mr. Darwin, the colours when recent were as follows: — Above blackish brown, beneath spotted with yellow. Eye with the pupil dark blue; iris yellow, mottled with black. It is added: — On the head four soft projections; the upper ones longer, like the feelers of a snail. Mr. Darwin
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F9.4    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
outer and largest ring includes nearly the entire surface of the back and sides. The upper surface is, in addition, marked with round spots of a darker shade. Pectoral and dorsal fins yellowish brown. Iris, inner edge clouded with orange; pupil dark green-blue. —D.—In its present state, there is no indication of the rings noticed above. The spots, which are small, and cover nearly the whole head, back, and sides, appear also sparingly on the basal half of the caudal, but not on any of the other
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A136    Periodical contribution:     Waterhouse, G. R. 1842. Carabideous insects collected by Charles Darwin, Esq., during the voyage of Her Majesty's ship Beagle. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 9 (April): 134-139   Text   Image   PDF
size, more elongated form, more distinctly sculptured elytra, and the steel-blue colouring of the upper parts, will serve to distinguish it. Sect. B, with the intermediate tarsi very indistinctly dilated in the males. Migadops ovalis, Plate III., fig. 3. Mig. nigro-viridis corpore subt s piceo; antennis ad basin femoribusque piceo-rubris; tibiis, tarsisque nigris; capite lato, subdepresso, inter oculus foveis duabus impresso; thorace transverso, disco convexo, lateribus in medium dilatatis
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CUL-DAR107.58-59    Note:    1842.06.00   Catalogue of Plants in Spirits [entries 1510-1524]   Text   Image
, rather stunted in growth rather late in Flower June 5th /42/. — could only find one no notes. — both bright blue colour (numbers lost) 1519 1522 Bladder nut (?) Maer — petal turning into anthers other monstrosities. — v. notes [59
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CUL-DAR205.5.51-52    Note:    1842.06.05   Geranium pyrenaicum (1512 Spirits)   Text   Image
The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [51] Geranium pyrenaicum (1512 Spirits) Camp Hill Jun 5 /42/ Flower, size some nearly full double of others— colour from purple - blue to nearly white veined with blue—; some different plants of different shades— colour of anthers pollen varies same way in the proportionate greater length of the five longer stamens compared with the 5 shorter.— in the degree of notching of ends of petal: in the strength of ribbing of the calyx: colour of stigma
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CUL-DAR69.A110-A111    Abstract:    [Undated]   Belcher E `Voyage round the world' 1843 I: 255, 369, 379, 382; II: 24   Text   Image
The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [A110] Sir E. Belcher, Voyage round the World Vol I 1843. p. 255 Clipperton Rock, Lat. 10° 17' N. 109°. 19' W. It is a high rock in connection with a lagoon — coral-island, having blue deep water in part of lagoon.— I cannot understand whether encircled isld or what.— p. 369 — Bow Isd. bored to depth of 45 ft — found nothing harder than coral-sand below 20 ft. p. 379. — after 50 fathoms—coral sand was found by sounding at depths ranging from 50 to 960
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F9.5    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
this species that they have "an orange-coloured gorge, and faint stripes of blue," also "ash-grey with dark brown marks and specks of orange and blue." DIMENSIONS. Inches. Lines. Length of the head........................ 0 5 of the body ..................... 1 5 of the tail ........................ 2 2 ———————— Total length...... 4 2 Length of anterior extremity............ 1 1 of posterior extremity ......... 0 8 This species was found by Mr. Darwin at Bahia Blanca and at Rio Negro, on the
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CUL-DAR262.23.1    Draft:    [Undated]   [Biographical sketch of Darwin Charles Robert]   Text   Image
told him it was (?) [Saccharisia] from the mine of the Blue Basin. My Father carefully put it away labelled with his other minerals did not find out his blunder for some time. I think he was six when this happened. He was fond of romancing when he was little not truthful either. *Note: He has told in his autobiography how he romanced about the fruit wh. he pretended some one had stolen had really gathered himself. [end of note]. One crime that he used to commit was lying on the top of the
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CUL-DAR262.23.1    Draft:    [Undated]   [Biographical sketch of Darwin Charles Robert]   Text   Image
I cannot remember whether he had breakfast with us when we were children. Afterwards he always had it earlier alone. We all had early dinner together often in winter in the schoolroom to save an extra fire. They had their tea in the study it was the most longed for treat to be sick and to have tea with them with the dear old blue teacups the cloth laid on the Pembroke mahogany table which is still in his study. Their life was wonderfully simple in those old days. They kept one horse, who used
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CUL-DAR262.23.1    Draft:    [Undated]   [Biographical sketch of Darwin Charles Robert]   Text   Image
Woodhouse, wh. he described always with the flavour of intense past enjoyment, about pretty Fanny Owen what a queer amusing happy go lucky household it was. She insisted on firing off his gun one day tho' it made her shoulder black blue with its kick she made no sign - it was in Stony field he told me this. Two other stories were of old Mr Owen. He suspected that there were all sorts of late goings on in the household (at one time they had a mad butler who used to go outside the house fire a gun off in
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F8.19    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 no. 2 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
-thirds the distance towards the posterior, and the latter reaches forwards to the shoulder. The ground colour of this species is gray, with numerous small black spots, some of which are bordered with white. The under parts are white, and in one specimen in Mr. Darwin's collection there are on the belly numerous distinct small black spots. His description of the colours is as follows:— Colours above singularly mottled. The small scales are coloured brown, white, yellowish red and blue, all dirty, and
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F9.5    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
to the ear. The ground colour of the back is chesnut brown or greenish brown, with a bright metallic green glance in certain lights; there are two light buff longitudinal fasciæ running the whole length of the body; the under parts are of a bright metallic blue colour. Mr. Darwin states that in one specimen there were emerald spots on the sides, which did not exist in another individual. This may possibly be a sexual peculiarity. DIMENSIONS OF A MALE SPECIMEN. Inches. Lines. Length of the head
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F9.5    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
. The under parts are white, and in one specimen in Mr. Darwin's collection there are on the belly numerous distinct small black spots. His description of the colours is as follows:—"Colours above singularly mottled. The small scales are coloured brown, white, yellowish red and blue, all dirty, and the brown forming symmetrical clouds. Beneath white, with regular spots of brown on the belly." DIMENSIONS. Inches. Lines. Length of the head
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F1662    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1843. Remarks on the preceding paper in a letter from Charles Darwin, Esq. to Mr. Maclaren. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 34 (January): 47-50.   Text   Image   PDF
sublittoral formations of the secondary æras have generally suffered, namely, denudation. Now, barrier and atoll coral reefs, though, according to my theory, of great thickness, are, in the above sense, not widely extended; and hence I conclude they will suffer, as I suspect ancient coral reefs have suffered—the same fate with sublittoral deposits. With respect to the vertical amount of subsidence, requisite by my theory to have produced the spaces coloured blue on the map, more facts regarding the
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F9.5    Book:     Darwin, C. R. ed. 1843. Reptiles Part 5 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Thomas Bell. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
, occasionally run into each other. Var. A. General colour of the upper part bronzed or coppery, having a green longitudinal line on each side of the back, at the inner margin of which is a series of very distinct black dots. The sides of the neck and body are of a similar colour to the back, with indistinct black spots; beneath this part the ground colour becomes blue with black dots. The throat is blackish, and the inferior surface generally is very pale bluish green. Var. B. This variety is
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F3390    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1916-18. [Letters to J. D. Hooker and recollections of Darwin, 1843-1881]. In Leonard Huxley ed., Life and letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. 2 vols. London: John Murray.   Text
, giving me your- valuable opinion and advice on all sorts of subjects, and more than all, your kindest sympathy. Again, when the Abstract had been set going after Wallace's paper had come like a bolt from the blue, he cries,' [9 December 1857] in how 1 It will be remembered how Wallace, on realising the vast work already done by Darwin to establish the theory on an incomparably broader basis than the observations which had suggested the same theory to himself, generously waived all claim to
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F2219    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1884. Original letters of Charles Darwin to an Australian settler. Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (9 August): 254-5.   Text   PDF
was the naturalist on board H.M.S. Beagle (commanded by Captain Robert Fitzroy), which sailed round the world in the years 1831-6, visiting Sydney amongst other places; and he made an excursion thence to the Blue Mountains, which is described in his Journal; though the notice is scarcely flattering or indicative of the prominence which the district is at present attaining. But his grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, being gifted with higher imaginative faculties, had previously predicted the future
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EH88202300    Note:    1843.05.15--1844.12   General Aspect [Account of the Down Landscape]   Text   Image
frequently afford a picturesque contrast with the overhanging yew trees, are all quarried for this purpose. The number of different kinds of bushes in the Hedge Rows, entwined by traveller's joy the two Bryonies, is conspicuous, compared with the hedges of the northern counties. March 25th. The first period of vegetation, the banks are clothed with pale blue violets to an extent I have never seen equalled with Primroses. A few days later some of the copses were beautifully enlivened by
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EH88202300    Note:    1843.05.15--1844.12   General Aspect [Account of the Down Landscape]   Text   Image
with blue bells.— The flowers are here very beautiful: the number of flowers, together with the darkness of the blue of the common little Polygala, almost equalled it to an alpine Gentian. There are large tracts of woodland, cut about once every ten years; some of these enclosures seem to be very ancient; On the s. side of Cudham wood a beech hedge has grown to Brobdignagian big size, with several of the huge branches crossing each other firmly grafted together. Larks abound here their songs
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CUL-DAR83.59    Abstract:    [1844--1871]   Müller S `Indische Archipel' 1839-1844: [tables 9-10; plate 35]   Text   Image
The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [59] Over de Zoogdieren van den Indischen Archipel, door Solomon Müller 1839-1844 Tab IX. Semnopithecus rubicundus red all over blue face - young Pl XI - very pale red Tab. X. Sem. chrysomelas ♂ nearly black very dark ♀ pale brown The males of other 5 or 6 sp. figured does beard differ in colour from rest of head or body. Pl 35. Bos sondaicus ♂ nearly black with white tip buttock - ♀ young ♂ reddish or fawn-coloured - with similar legs Müller, Salomon
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F272    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1844. Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
These fragments consist of glassy albite, much mackled, and with very imperfect cleavages, mingled with semi-rounded grains, having tarnished, glossy surfaces, of a steel-blue mineral. The crystals of albite are coated by a red oxide of iron, appearing like a residual substance; and their cleavage-planes, also, are sometimes separated by excessively fine layers of this oxide, giving to the crystals the appearance of being ruled, like a glass micrometer. There was no quartz. The steel-blue
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F272    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1844. Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
crystals of quartz, and intersected in some places by trapdikes. Near the Downs of Bathurst, I passed over much pale-brown, glossy clay-slate, with the shattered lamin running north and south: I mention this fact, because Captain King informs me, that in the country a hundred miles southward, near Lake George, the mica-slate ranges so invariably north and south, that the inhabitants take advantage of it in finding their way through the forests. The sandstone of the Blue Mountains is at least 1
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F272    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1844. Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
40 degrees: every one knows how steep such a slope would appear on the land. Banks of this nature, if uplifted, would probably have nearly the same external form as the platform of the Blue Mountains, where it abruptly terminates over the Nepean. Current cleavage. The strata of sandstone in the low coast country, and likewise on the Blue Mountains, are often divided by cross or current lamin , which dip in different directions, and frequently at an angle of forty-five degrees. Most authors
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A2    Book:     [Chambers, Robert] 1844. Vestiges of the natural history of creation. London: John Churchill.   Text
to situations not very elevated, there is a layer of stiff clay, mostly of a blue colour, mingled with fragments of rock of all sizes, travel-worn, and otherwise, and to which geologists give the name of diluvium, as being apparently the produce of some vast flood, or of the sea thrown into an unusual [page] 135 ERA OF THE SUPERFICIAL FORMATIONS
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F272    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1844. Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
case, as far as I know) was originally deposited in a layer, like the shale in the Blue Mountains, between the strata of the porphyritic gneiss, before they were metamorphosed; but there is sufficient analogy between the two cases to render such an explanation possible. Stratification of the escarpement. The strata of the Blue Mountains appear to the eye horizontal; but they probably have a similar inclination with the surface of the platform, which slopes from the west towards the escarpement
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A2    Book:     [Chambers, Robert] 1844. Vestiges of the natural history of creation. London: John Churchill.   Text
lowerbeds are, (reckoning from the lowest upwards), 1. Shankland or greensand, a triple alternation of sands and sandstones with clay; 2. Galt, a stiff blue or black clay, abounding in shells, which frequently possess a pearly lustre;'' 3. Hard chalk; 4. Chalk with flints, these two last being generally white, but in some districts red, and in others yellow. The whole are, in England, about 1200 feet thick, shewing the considerable depths of the ocean in which the deposits were made. Chalk is a
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CUL-DAR73.125-127    Abstract:    [Undated]   11 / [reference identified] `Zoologist' 1-2 1843-1844   Text   Image
. Heppenstall, J. 1843. Appearance of migratory birds near Sheffield. Zoologist 1: 13-14. Hewett, W. 1843. Anecdote of a woodcock. Zoologist 1: 362. Holme, F. 1843. Notes on the British species of Carabus. Zoologist 1: 338-339. Jordan, W. R. 1843.  Notes on the migrations of birds. Zoologist 1: 313-315. Knox, A. E.  1843. Notes on the birds of Sussex. Zoologist 1: 137-140. Saul, M. 1843. Notes on the blue titmouse or blue mope. Zoologist 1: 309-311. Smith, F.  1843. Notes on entomological
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F272    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1844. Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF
first thirty miles from the coast passes over a sandstone country, broken up in many places by trap-rocks, and separated by a bold escarpement overhanging the river Nepean, from the great sandstone platform of the Blue Mountains. This upper platform is 1000 feet high at the edge of the escarpement, and rises in a distance of 25 miles to between 3000 and 4000 feet above the level of the sea. At this distance, the road descends to a country rather less elevated, and composed in chief part of primary
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A221    Periodical contribution:     T. P. 1844. Manures and drainage. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette no. 40 (5 October): 675.   Text   Image
of this steep is the facility with which it may be prepared. A solution of blue vitriol is also occasionally used as a pickle for seed Wheat. The seed is, in the great majority of cases, sown by the hand, but the broadcast-sowing machine is also employed on many farms for the same purpose. Wheat is frequently sown in the manner styled ribbing, already adverted to. When this mode of sowing is adopted, the seed is scattered by the hand in the usual manner; but as nearly the whole of it necessarily
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CUL-DAR39.179    Abstract:    [1844.11.20]   Meyen `Reise um Erde' vol 1 ch 5   Text   Image
Dr. Meyen found true trachyte. * Reise um Erde, Th. 1. ss. 338, 341. ] p 342 Height (from Cactus) when Yezo Volcan united 4500 to 5000 p. 345 much greenstone porphyry p 346 Higher up hills of dark porphyry alpen-kualk of blue-black colour, with Belennite  cucullæa, Exogyra ammonite. p 355 Close to volcano, Zechstein, with much gypsum — hill 600 ft high of it blue grey limestone with ammonites biplex — the volcano trachytic with column of do — fragments of trachyte with porphyry fragments [179a
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
of the earth's movement. It deserves notice, that in more than one instance where single red and blue circles approach near each other, I can show that there have been oscillations of level; for in such cases the red or fringed circles consist of atolls, originally by our theory formed during subsidence, but subsequently upheaved; and on the other hand, some of the pale-blue or encircled islands are composed of coral-rock, which must have been uplifted to its present height before that
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CUL-DAR165.71    Note:    [Undated]   The Rector of Wilby is Francis B. Goodacre   Text   Image
The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [1] [In blue pencil:] G H D The Rector of Wilby is Francis B. Goodacre who seems to be a medical man as well as a clergyman; he was of St. John's College Camb: took degree of MB. in 1852. I.M in 1858 (is that Licentiate in Medicine?) M.D. in 1860. He was ordained deacon in 1858 and is author of a book called The HemeroZoology pubd. in 1875. The Patron of the living is John Goodacre Esqr See Dixon on fea
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
their occasional destruction could not have been adduced. Thus have we traced the history of these great rings of coral-rock, from their first origin through their normal changes, and through the occasional accidents of their existence, to their death and final obliteration. In my volume on 'Coral Formations' I have published a map, in which I have coloured all the atolls dark-blue, the barrier-reefs pale-blue, and the fringing-reefs red. These latter reefs have been formed whilst the land has
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CUL-DAR71.166-179    Abstract:    [1845]   41 / Yarrell W `History of British birds' 2nd edition 1845   Text   Image
difference in sexes or in young Nightjar sexes a little different, young like their parents Rock dove sexes alike young do Turtle dove sexes nearly alike, but young different Cygnus immutabilis sexes alike young white (MacG. In common Hooting owl, young very like old; not in great snowy owl very different— [illeg blue crayon] Young male pheasant just perceptibly different. 177
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
CHAPTER II. Rio de Janeiro Excursion north of Cape Frio Great Evaporation Slavery Botofogo Bay Terrestrial Planari Clouds on the Corcovado Heavy Rain Musical Frogs Phosphorescent Insects Elater, springing powers of Blue Haze Noise made by a Butterfly Entomology Ants Wasp killing a Spider Parasitical Spider Artifices of an Epeira Gregarious Spider Spider with an unsymmetrical Web. RIO DE JANEIRO. April 4th to July 5th, 1832. A few days after our arrival I became acquainted with an Englishman
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A275    Book:     Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.   Text   Image   PDF
. 144, t. 91, f. 3. Ameiva lineata, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. Blue, back black-lined, sides white-spotted; nostrils on the suture of the nasal shield; front of the fore arm with 2 complete series of dilated shields; male with a sharp spur on each side the vent; second, third and fourth shields on the outer side on the under part of the hind leg largest, transverse and subequal; preanal plates 4, in 2 series. a, b. Male, adult and half-grown, in spirits. Tropical America. The SHIELDED TARAGUIRA
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A275    Book:     Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.   Text   Image   PDF
shields. Body roundish. Scales imbricate, of the upper part keeled, of the belly smooth. Back and tail not crested. Tail long, roundish. Toes simple. Femoral and preanal pores none. Males with pores on the front edge of the cloaca. * Body without folds on the sides. Scales of the hinder part of the thigh small, subequal, the lower ones rather larger. Scales of the back elongate, rhombic, with a strong rather produced keel. The BLUE-BELLIED LEIOL MUS. Leiol mus cyanogaster. Proctotretus
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
summits nearly down to their bases. The glimpses which we caught through the dusky mass, were highly interesting; jagged points, cones of snow, blue glaciers, strong outlines, marked on a lurid sky, were seen at different distances and heights. In the midst of such scenery we anchored at Cape Turn, close to Mount Sarmiento, which was then hidden in the clouds. At the base of the lofty and almost perpendicular sides of our little cove there was one deserted wigwam, and it alone reminded us that man
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
formed an island in the blue sky, as Eimeo itself did in the blue ocean. The island, with the exception of one small gateway, is completely encircled by a reef. At this distance, a narrow but well-defined brilliantly white line was alone visible, where the waves first encountered the wall of coral. The mountains rose abruptly out of the glassy expanse of the lagoon, included within this narrow white line, outside which the heaving waters of the ocean were dark-coloured. The view was striking: it may
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
after death, and before putrefaction has commenced, should often be of so deleterious a quality, that the mere puncture from an instrument used in its dissection, should prove fatal. 17th. Early in the morning we passed the Nepean in a ferryboat. The river, although at this spot both broad and deep, had a very small body of running water. Having crossed a low piece of land on the opposite side, we reached the slope of the Blue Mountains. The ascent is not steep, the road having been out with much
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
lightning. When within the mouth of the river, I was interested by observing how slowly the waters of the sea and river mixed. The latter, muddy and discoloured, from its less specific gravity, floated on the surface of the salt water. This was curiously exhibited in the wake of the vessel, where a line of blue water was seen mingling in little eddies, with the adjoining fluid. [page] 4
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
CHAPTER XIX. AUSTRALIA. Sydney Excursion to Bathurst Aspect of the Woods Party of Natives Gradual extinction of the Aborigines Infection generated by associated men in health Blue Mountains View of the grand gulf-like Valleys Their origin and formation Bathurst, general civility of the lower orders State of society Van Diemen's Land Hobart Town Aborigines all banished Mount Wellington King George's Sound Cheerless aspect of the Country Bald Head, calcareous casts of branches of trees Party of
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A275    Book:     Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.   Text   Image   PDF
Bluish brown, with paler blue cross bands. a, b. In spirits. South America. c. In spirits. S. America. Presented by the College of Surgeons. Lacerta longicaudata, Cat. Mus. Coll. Surg. 194. MM. Quoy and Gaimard are said to have brought this species from New Guinea. 9. METAPOCEROS, Wagler. Iguana, Cuvier. Head short, convex in front, covered with shields. Muzzle with some tubercular plates. Throat lax, without any distinct pouch, with a cross fold behind. Palate toothed. Teeth 3-lobed. Nape
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A275    Book:     Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.   Text   Image   PDF
. iv. 276. Voy. Pol Sud. t. 2, f. 1. Bell, Zool. Beagle, Rept. 5, t. 2, f. 1, 2. L. bistriatus, Gray, B. M. 1836. Olive, black-varied and white-dotted, with a broad pale streak on each side of the back; beneath yellow, blue on the chin and sides, and black-dotted; the ears large, granular in front; cheek-scales in one row; eyebrow-shields 4 or 5; sides of the neck and hinder part of the thigh with small flat scales, the lower scales [page] 21
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A275    Book:     Gray, John Edward. 1845. [Specimens presented by Darwin in] Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Newman.   Text   Image   PDF
quadrilateral; the upper part of the fore arm with 2 series of shields; olive or blue, with 2 yellow streaks with a series of black spots between them on each side. a. Chili, Monte Video. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. *** Fore arm ? Ventral shields 8-rowed. DEPPE'S TARAGUIRA. Cnemidophorus Deppii, Weigm. H. Mex. 29. Ashy with 8 pale greenish streaks, sides spotless; scales of the chin small, of the middle of the throat larger, of the middle of the fold moderate, imbricate, rhombic; the front upper
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
bank of dark blue clouds. Judging from the appearance, and from similar cases in England, I supposed that the air was saturated with moisture. The fact, however, turned out quite the contrary. The hygrometer gave a difference of 29.6 degrees, between the temperature of the air, and the point at which dew was precipitated. This difference was nearly double that which I had observed on the previous mornings. This unusual degree of atmospheric dryness was accompanied by continual flashes of
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
blue water joined was distinctly defined. The weather for some days previously had been calm, and the ocean abounded, to an unusual degree, with living creatures.* In the sea around Tierra del Fuego, and at no great distance from the land, I have seen narrow lines of water of a bright red colour, from the number of crustacea, which somewhat resemble in form large prawns. The sealers call them whale-food. Whether whales feed on them I do not know; but terns, cormo- * M. Lesson (Voyage de la
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
space of half or three quarters of a mile, was perfectly lucid, but at a greater distance all colours were blended into a most beautiful haze, of a pale French grey, mingled with a little blue. The condition of the atmosphere between the morning and about noon, when the effect was most evident, had undergone little change, excepting in its dryness. In the interval, the difference between the dew point and temperature had increased from 7 .5 to 17 . On another occasion I started early and walked to
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
Pacific, prevail, every island on the broken west coast, from lat. 38 to the extreme point of Tierra del Fuego, is densely covered by impenetrable forests. On the eastern side of the Cordillera, over the same extent of latitude, where a blue sky and a fine climate prove that the atmosphere has been deprived of its moisture by passing over the mountains, the arid plains of Patagonia support a most scanty vegetation. In the more northern parts of the continent, within the limits of the constant south
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
rated these Indians into two classes; but this is certainly incorrect. Among the young women or chinas, some deserve to be called even beautiful. Their hair was coarse, but bright and black; and they wore it in two plaits hanging down to the waist. They had a high colour, and eyes that glistened with brilliancy; their legs, feet, and arms were small and elegantly formed; their ankles, and sometimes their waists, were ornamented by broad bracelets of blue beads. Nothing could be more
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
it was remarked, with surprise, that they were very little less than those of the Rhea, but of a slightly different form, and with a tinge of pale blue. This species occurs most rarely on the plains bordering the Rio Negro; but about a degree and a half further south they are tolerably abundant. When at Port Desire, in Patagonia (lat. 48 ), Mr. Martens shot an ostrich; and I looked at it, forgetting at the moment, in the most unaccountable manner, the whole subject of the Petises, and thought it
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
pool of water; not only was the little animal unable to swim, but, I think without help it would soon have been drowned. Of lizards there were many kinds, but only one (Proctotretus multimaculatus) remarkable from its habits. It lives on the bare sand near the sea coast, and from its mottled colour, the brownish scales being speckled with white, yellowish red, and dirty blue, can hardly be distinguished from the surrounding H [page] 9
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
Radiata, and with their devourers the flying-fish, and again with their devourers the bonitos and albicores; I presume that the numerous lower pelagic animals feed on the Infusoria, which are now known, from the researches of Ehrenberg, to abound in the open ocean: but on what, in the clear blue water, do these Infusoria subsist? While sailing a little south of the Plata on one very dark night, the sea presented a wonderful and most beautiful spectacle. There was a fresh breeze, and every part of the
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
. Here and there scattered tufts of brown wiry grass are supported, and, still more rarely, some low thorny bushes. The weather is dry and pleasant, and the fine blue sky is but seldom obscured. When standing in the middle of one of these desert [page] 16
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
seventeen feet deep. The rapidity of the current, which in its whole course runs at the rate of from four to six knots an hour, is perhaps its most remarkable feature. The water is of a fine blue colour, but with a slight milky tinge, and not so transparent as at first sight would have been expected. It flows over a bed of pebbles, like those which compose the beach and the surrounding plains. It runs in a winding course through a valley, which extends in a direct line westward. This N [page] 17
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F14    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF
they glided close over my head, I intently watched from an oblique position, the outlines of the separate and great terminal feathers of each wing; and these separate feathers, if there had been the least vibratory movement, would have appeared as if blended together; but they were seen distinct against the blue sky. The head and neck were moved frequently, and apparently with force; and the extended wings seemed to form the fulcrum on which the movements of the neck, body, and tail acted. If the
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