CUL-DAR89.144    Abstract:    [1873--1874]   Zouteveen H.H van `Man': [much of]   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [144] p. 381 infants of Negros brown with blue eyes not curly Hair gives colour of infants I may say negros not aboriginally black p. 381 (French) [length] of shoulders p 384 Larynx of Negro White p. 39. vol I Brehm on music of Hylobates} p. 387 Feet of China women - Frank Doctor in Pekin no effect Zouteveen Man [144v

CUL-DAR133.3.1    Printed:    1873--1882   [Letter to F. W. Hutton, 20 April 1861]. In Hutton, Darwinism a lecture by F. W. Hutton   Text   Image

pigeons are undoubtedly descended from the wild Blue Rock, which is chiefly characterised by its blue colour, and by having two black bands on each wing and one on the tail. Everyone knows that some of the races of fancy pigeons have none of these characters. Some are pure white, some pure black, and several [page]  2

CUL-DAR133.3.1    Printed:    1873--1882   [Letter to F. W. Hutton, 20 April 1861]. In Hutton, Darwinism a lecture by F. W. Hutton   Text   Image

races are known to have bred true for more than a century. Yet Mr. Darwin has shown that, if any two breeds of pigeons are crossed, no matter what their colour may be, the young almost always, and in the second cross always, show a tendency to become blue and to have two black bars on the wings and one on the tail, in fact, to revert to their ancestral characters, which must, in many cases, have lain dormant for an unknown number of generations. Now, if these characters result from the

CUL-DAR60.1.157-163    Note:    1873.01.23--1873.05.25   [Drosophyllum continued] / & think mass of very delicate cells   Text   Image

time some animalised matter. — The secretion certainly does not disappear by flowing down the pedicels of tentacles. That there us absorption is shown by atoms of blue glass cinders not causing any incr increase of secretion in 2, 4 or 18 hours. The very minute Diptera which are habitually caught in my hot-house get greatly softened collapsed sink down [6v

CUL-DAR205.1.5    Printed:    1873.05.15   Notes from the Challenger II `Nature' 8: 51-52(53) (breaks off)   Text   Image

brilliancy of colouring, and many of them strangely interesting for the way in which their glassy transparency exposed the working of the most subtle parts of their internal machinery ; and these gave employment to the microscopists in the dearth of returns from the dredge. Our position was now lat. 190 57' N., long. 530 26'; Sombrero distant 558 miles. Sunday was a lovely day. The breeze had fallen off- somewhat, and the force was now only from 2 to 3. The sky and sea were gloriously blue, with

CUL-DAR55.33-68    Note:    1873.06.00--1873.07.00   [Drosera continued] [application of olive oil, atropine, valerianate of   Text   Image

July 26th 10˚30 Bromide of Potash 1 gr. to 1 oz. 6 Blue sticks. 1/2 minim drops. (July 27th 8˚ 30' 5 leaves in no way affected; the 6th with laminæ most many tentacles inflected — Put on meat on 3 of these.) July 28th 9˚ 30' the 3 with meat with laminæ tentacle well inflected— the other three seem quite uninjured — no evidence of poison. [57v

CUL-DAR55.88-100    Note:    [1873].06.00--[1873].07.00   [Drosera, experiments with meat continued; some specimens thrown away   Text   Image

Jun 23 73 11˚30' (6 Blue sticks) atoms of meat put at distal end of young old leaves; some on discal some on sub-marginal-discal glands to see if will act on basal tentacles — (24th 8˚ 15 adjoining shorter tentacles alone inflected but lamina of some leaves inflected. (25th 8˚ 20 on 3 of leaves the tentacles on disk at opposite pol, even near base of pedicel are partially inflected. On 2 leaves no increased effect. On the sixth leaf the tentacles over meat are now straight again so cut off

CUL-DAR55.33-68    Note:    1873.06.00--1873.07.00   [Drosera continued] [application of olive oil, atropine, valerianate of   Text   Image

; yet fluids of exactly the same strength. (44 July 14 11˚16' Citrate of Potassium (6 Blue sticks.) (15th 9˚, no trace of effect on any f the 6 leaves.) (16th 8˚ 50' do do do. do 4

CUL-DAR55.5-32    Note:    1873.06.00--1873.07.00   Drosera / 3 nearly upright leaves (Red sticks) with tentacles reflexed   Text   Image

June 24 /73/ Selected a very pale leaf put atom of cinder on, it very soon became inflected after 22' could see no difference in segregation. — Selected another pale leaf put on 2 atoms of blue glass; after they soon became inflected; after 28' 38' could see no difference, compared with adjoining glands, in their segregation — The red-matter in all was rather mulberry like. Try again with redder leaf at the same time when I try whether hair above or below act (I saw one such case with one

CUL-DAR55.33-68    Note:    1873.06.00--1873.07.00   [Drosera continued] [application of olive oil, atropine, valerianate of   Text   Image

July 23d. 11˚10' Daturine, concent. sol. but less than a grain to 1 oz (apparently) (6 Blue sticks very good leaves) (July 24' 11 20' no effect, except perhaps glands on disc look rather dry perhaps outer tentacles unnaturally reflexed — Put on meat with a little saliva on 4 3 glands.) (A grain grain does not all dissolve in 1 oz of water) (July 25th, the 3 with meat, have a good many sub-marginals well inflected on it; 2 of other seem injured, but then a good many leaves in this plate are

CUL-DAR55.5-32    Note:    1873.06.00--1873.07.00   Drosera / 3 nearly upright leaves (Red sticks) with tentacles reflexed   Text   Image

1873 Down Jun 15. 11˚ 5. (Blue Red stick) 1 atom of raw meat on 1 gland— as soon as much curved cut off gland— t. went on moving inwards. (another was cut off in the same manner, but I touched others) (5˚ P.m. none other have moved inwards.) (Jun 16th 8 Am All the tentacles now nearly straight again; showing that can become straight again without possessing glands, after moving from meat.— No other tentacles had become inflected.) Jun 17th 8˚ 30 Put raw meat on to see if tents. with cut off

CUL-DAR55.88-100    Note:    [1873].06.00--[1873].07.00   [Drosera, experiments with meat continued; some specimens thrown away   Text   Image

Jun 21. 8˚ 30'. Blue red stick. 2 leaves with very little secretion but acted quickly with meat on one side — to see about secretion (I can see no difference in secretion on the opposite sides) (22d 8˚ 30' only one side of leaf lamina tentacles has closed) (23d 8˚ 45' now the opposite side, lamina tentacles, some of them, have closed over meat; so action sent, but very slowly to opposite side.) 24th, 8˚ the extreme marginal tent. on opposite side not yet inflected.) (25 8˚ 15' beginning to

CUL-DAR76.B107-B108    Note:    1873.06.05   Saaft-maal (what is maal?) Nectar-guide or nectar spots nectar-marks   Text   Image

Many symmetrical flowers have central tube marked by ring of colour, as [illeg] vinca— Viscaria oculata — Myosotis The diversity of position of number of petals so marked, either on upper or lower side of corolla seem strong arguments in favour of view that they are developed for special purpose In the climbing act Linaria Cymbelaria— at mouth of entrance yellow marks on lower petal blue streak on upper petal — so both above below, but different On Geranium, though symmetrical on Cranberry

CUL-DAR55.101-112    Note:    1873.07.09--1873.07.25   Dionaea / Leaf with white thread [application of albumen, gelatine,   Text   Image

July 20th /73/ I had a leaf out of which I cut out a square square piece (X). aft after leaf had [sketch] X opened again I put on with needle some minute spot of indigo blue, I sa close to the mid-rib, where the surface appeared quite flat measured their distances, under 1 inch object (tube drawn out 2 inches) 1/200 micrometer. —[sketch] I then touched filament leaf closed — the surface near midrib still seemed flat, though the marginal part of blade had become greatly incurved. I measured the

CUL-DAR209.11.109-112    Draft:    [ny].07.22--[ny].07.26   Trifolium subterraneum [figs 221-223] / Draft of Cross and self fertilisation (fragment).   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [109-112] (p 4) July 22d T. subterraneum (Fig 221) Tracing V. same scale 4 sets of Lettering marked with blue lines. [112v

CUL-DAR55.121-122    Note:    1873.08.02   Facts bearing on the Morphia experiments [application also of citrate of   Text   Image

Aug 2d put leaf for 5' in Citrate of Strychnia (2 gr. to 1 oz) then took out dusted with blue glass at 10˚ 48' (put in watch-glass 15.) at 10˚ 55' dusted with blue-glass. 11˚ 5' I think some inflection. 11˚ 13' great inflection far more than plain water spec. (perhaps the water spec. was not so vigorous.)— Has it made given leaf greater tendency to inflect?? I placed leaf immersed in pure water for 22' took it out after 2' to allow of some draining dusted it with splinter of blue glass— in 14'

CUL-DAR55.121-122    Note:    1873.08.02   Facts bearing on the Morphia experiments [application also of citrate of   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (D Aug 2d. 73 Facts bearing on the Morphia experiments Infusion of raw roast meat acts apparently as instantly so quickly as saliva on single glands— so that bits of meat ought to act to act after morphia if the viscid secretion can quickly absorb.— Or will they not act whilst the fluid morphia is on gland — Keep Put 2 leaves in pure water for 22' then took them out, all slimy dusted them after 2' with dust splinters of blue glass. When I looked at

CUL-DAR56.121-128    Note:    [1873].10.19--[1873].11.03   [Drosera rotundifolia, continued] [application of carbonate of ammonia,   Text   Image

Oct 22d. Blade of Poa kept for several Hours in Sol. of C. of Am 3 gr to 1 oz. no great change — the cells still kept full of green matter — possibly some spheres formed In leaf of Ho St Johns wort Wort (a bush), in leaf of small Euphorbia no certain change. Perhaps trace of change in root of small Veronica — none clear in root of Poa Perhaps trace of action in Hairs of Poppy none clear G in hairs of Horn Poppy or Blue Glass.— In Lemna— I suspect change in root almost certain in the leaf— In

EH88202321    Note:    1874--1879   Notebook 1.1: "Ch. Darwin 6 Queen Street Cavendish Square"   Text   Image

Cassia 9 leaflets 6 plainly [injured] 2 [highly] [2 words illeg] 1 not- page in pencil cancelled in blue ink. [14 excised pages] [inside back cover

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

land, we saw several canoes crossing the lagoons;' as this island is in the close vicinity of other low islands, and as it is said that the natives make reservoirs of water in old cocoa-nut trees (which shows the nature of the land), I have no doubt it is an atoll, and have coloured it blue.—York Island (8 S., 172 W.) is described by Commodore Byron (chap. x. of his Voyage) as an atoll; blue.—Sydney Island (4 S., 172 W.) is about three miles in diameter, with its interior occupied by a lagoon

CUL-DAR60.1.115r    Draft:    [1874]   Draft of Coral reefs 2d ed., p. 182   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (24 the above details it is impossible truck with the number of cases in i e, remains, apparently belonging to the period, have been found on the shores by reefs which are coloured red on one may, however, be thought that similar elevation would be formed on the coloured blue, which we have good believe have recently subsided. Bu

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

spots, each of which consists of two or three black dots with a surrounding dark zone. But the chief ornament is a space parallel to the dark-blue shaft, which in outline forms a perfect second feather lying within the true feather. This inner part is coloured of a lighter chesnut, and is thickly dotted with minute Fig. 52. Side view of male Argus pheasant, whilst displaying before the female. Observed and sketched from nature by Mr. T. W. Wood. [page] 40

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

these being in all essential respects closely related. Fringing-reefs, on the other hand, have been coloured dull red, for there is an important distinction between them and barrier-reefs and atolls with respect to the depth beneath the surface, at which, as we must believe, their foundations lie. The two distinct colours, therefore, mark two great types of structure. The dark blue colour represents atolls and submerged annular reefs with deep water in their centres. I have coloured a few low

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

which are annular, or like a horse-shoe. Bearing in mind the smallness of the scale of our map (the lines of latitude being 900 miles apart), we see that none of the larger groups of reefs and islands which are coloured blue, and which are supposed to have been produced by long-continued subsidence, lie near extensive lines of coast coloured red; these latter having either long remained stationary, or having been upraised with new reefs re-formed on them. Where red and blue circles do occur near

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

does not appear to me satisfactory; the deepest part of the lagoon is said to be only ten feet; nevertheless, I have coloured it blue.—Fanning Island (4 N., 158 W.), according to Captain Tromelin, (Ann. Maritim. 1829, p. 283), is an atoll: his account, as observed by Krusenstern, differs from that given in Fanning's Voyage (p. 224), which, however, is far from clear; coloured blue.—Washington Island (4 N., 159 W.) is engraved as a low island in D'Urville's chart, but is described by Fanning (p

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

the bank wants only a few little islets to make it exactly like one of the half-drowned isles so often mentioned,'—namely, atolls. South of Batoa lies the high island of Ono, which appears in Bellinghausen's Atlas to be encircled; as do some other small islands to the south; coloured pale blue: near Ono, there is an annular reef, quite similar to the one just described in the words of Captain Cook; coloured dark blue. Rotoumah, 13 S., 179 E.—From the chart in Duperrey's Atlas, I thought that

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

edit.), speaking of the islands in Dampier Strait, says, 'sharp coral-rocks line their shores;' coloured red.—In the sea north of these islands, we have Guedes (or Freewill, or St. David's), which from the chart given in the 4to. edit. of Carteret's Voyage must be an atoll. Krusenstern says the islets are very low; coloured blue.—Carteret's Shoals, in 2 53 N., are described as circular, with stony points showing all round, with deeper water in the middle; coloured blue.—Aiou: the plan of this

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

be successfully carried out. The chief obstacle would be the early and complete loss of the pale-blue tint, from the necessity of reiterated crosses with the slaty female, the latter not having at first any latent tendency to produce pale-blue offspring. On the other hand, if one or two males were to vary ever so slightly in paleness, and the variations were from the first limited in their transmission to the male sex, the task of making a new breed of the desired kind would be easy, for such

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

COOK OR HARVEY AND AUSTRAL ISLANDS.—Palmerston Island is minutely described as an atoll by Captain Cook during his voyage in 1774; it is coloured blue. Aitutaki was partially surveyed by the Beagle (see map accompanying Voyages of Adventure and Beagle); the land is hilly, sloping gently to the beach; the highest point is 360 feet; on the southern side, the reef projects five miles from the land: off this point the Beagle found no bottom with 270 fathoms: the reef is surmounted by many low

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

the latter has represented one continuous reef 90 miles long, parallel to the shore, and in places as much as 10 miles from it; coloured pale blue. A little distance northward, we have the Laughlan Islands, the reefs round which are engraved in the Atlas of the Voyage of the Astrolabe, in the same manner as round the encircled islands of the Caroline Archipelago: the reef is, in parts, a mile and a half from the shore, to which it does not appear to be attached; coloured blue. At some little

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

.—Discovery Shoal, also, is of an oval form, with a lagoon-like space within, and three openings leading into it, in which there is a depth from 2 to 20 fathoms. Outside, at the distance (Horsburgh, vol. ii. p. 333) of only 20 yards from the reef, soundings could not be obtained. The Paracells are coloured blue.—Macclesfield Bank is a coral bank of great size, lying east of the Paracells; some parts are level, with a sandy bottom, but generally the depth is very irregular, and intersected by deep

A12    Book:     Tyndall, John. 1874. Address Delivered Before the British Association Assembled at Belfast, With Additions. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.   Text

, And the round ocean, and the living air, And the blue sky, and in the mind of man: A motion and a spirit, that impels All thinking things, all objects of all thought, And rolls through all things.'25 25. Tintern Abbey

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

differently coloured in the several species, yet certain spots, marks, or stripes are retained by all. Analogous cases occur with the breeds of the pigeon, which usually retain the two wing-bars, though they may be coloured red, yellow, white, black, or blue, the rest of the plumage being of some wholly different tint. Here is a more curious case, in which certain marks are retained, though coloured in a manner almost exactly the opposite of what is natural; the aboriginal pigeon has a blue tail, with the

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

will now consider how far the distribution of the different kinds of coral-islands and reefs corroborates our theory. A glance at the map shows that the reefs which are coloured blue and red, and which are believed to owe their origin either to widely different movements, or in the case of the red to a stationary condition, are not indiscriminately mingled together. Atolls and barrier-reefs, as may be seen by the two blue tints, generally lie near each other; and this would be the natural

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

Indian and Pacific Oceans, are mostly subsiding; between them, north of Australia, lies the most broken land on the globe, and there the rising parts are surrounded and penetrated by areas of subsidence;1 so that the prevailing movements now in progress, seem to accord with the present state of the great terrestrial and oceanic divisions of the world. The blue spaces on the map are nearly all elongated; such as the great north and south line of atolls in the Indian Ocean, the space between the

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

, that these drive away all other coloured varieties, such as white, red, and yellow; and from another observer, that a female dun carrier could not, after repeated trials, be matched with a black male, but immediately paired with a dun. Again, Mr. Tegetmeier had a female blue turbit that obstinately refused to pair with two males of the same breed, which were successively shut up with her for weeks; but on being let out she would have immediately accepted the first blue dragon that offered. As

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

although numerous pieces of coral are thrown up on the beach; the sea close to its shore is very deep (see Zool. of Beechey's Voyage, p. 164); left uncoloured. Gambier Islands (see Plate I. fig. 8) are encircled by a barrier-reef: the greatest depth within is 38 fathoms; coloured pale blue. Metia or Aurora Island lies N.E. of Tahiti, close to the large space coloured dark blue in the map; it has been already described as an upraised atoll; as it is said by Captain Wilkes (Narrative of U. S

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

, ought to be red. SANTA-CRUZ GROUP.—Vanikoro (Fig. 1, Plate I.) offers a striking example of a barrier-reef: it was first described by the Chevalier Dillon, in his Voyage, and was surveyed in the Astrolabe; coloured pale blue.—Tikopia and Fataka Islands appear, from the descriptions of Dillon and D'Urville, to have no reefs: Anouda is a low, flat island, surrounded by cliffs, (Astrolabe. Hydrog. and Krusenstern Mem. vol. ii. p. 432); these are uncoloured.—Toupoua (Otooboa of Dillon) is stated by

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

entirely submerged' (Lyell, Principles of Geolog, book iii. chap. xviii.); coloured blue.—Scott's Reefs, lying north of Rowley Shoals, are briefly described by Captain Wickham (Naut. Mag., 1841, p. 440) as of great size, of a circular form, and 'with smooth water within, forming probably a lagoon of great extent.' There is a break on the western side, where there probably is an entrance: the water is very deep off these reefs; coloured blue. Proceeding westward along the great volcanic chain of

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

we have seen, may be due simply to the growth of corals on an irregular abraded foundation. But between lat. 18 and 20 there are so many linear, elliptic and extremely small reefs, rising abruptly out of profound depths, that the same reasons which led me to colour a portion of the west coast blue, have induced me here to do the same. There are some small outlying reefs on the east coast, north of lat. 20 (the northern limit coloured blue), which rise from deep water; but as they are not

CUL-DAR59.1.138r    Draft:    [1874]   Draft of Coral reefs 2d ed. [p] 138A   Text   Image

been overlooked. Two of the Harvey Islands, namely, Aitutaki and Manouai, are formed of upraised coral rocks, and have probably been elevated within a recent period; nevertheless they are encircled by reefs extending so far from the land, that I have coloured them blue, though with much hesitation, as the space within the reef is shallow, and the encircled land is not abrupt

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

, small as the adjoined one is, it is the result of many months' labour. I have consulted, as far as I was able, every original voyage and map; and the colours were first laid down on charts on a large scale. The same blue colour, with merely a difference in the tint, is used for atolls or lagoon-islands, and for barrier-reefs; [page] 15

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

mane, but slightly in the colour of the hair and of the naked callosities. In the drill (C. leucoph us) the females and young are much paler-coloured, with less green, than the adult males. No other member in the whole class of mammals is coloured in so extraordinary a manner as the adult male mandrill (C. mormon). The face at this age becomes of a fine blue, with the ridge and tip of the nose of the most brilliant red. According to some authors, the face is also marked with whitish stripes

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

hand, as if aware of the danger incurred from the bright blue of the upper surface of his wings, rests with them closed; and this shews that the blue colour cannot be in any way protective. Nevertheless, it is probable that conspicuous colours are indirectly beneficial to many species, as a warning that they are unpalatable. For in certain other cases, beauty has been gained through the imitation of other beautiful species, which inhabit the same district and enjoy an immunity from attack by being

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

-comer was not noticed by any bird, except by a bullfinch, which is likewise black-headed. This bullfinch was a very quiet bird, and had never before quarrelled with any of its comrades, including another reed-bunting, which had not as yet become black-headed: but the reed-bunting with a black head was so unmercifully treated, that it had to be removed. Spiza cyanea, during the breeding-season, is of a bright blue colour; and though generally peaceable, it attacked S. ciris, which has only the

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

wing-feathers, which are ornamented with numerous ocelli. I request the reader to turn back to the drawing (fig. 51, p. 397) of a Polyplectron. In P. napoleonis the ocelli are confined to the tail and the back is of a rich metallic blue; in which respects this species approaches the Java peacock. P. hardwickii possesses a peculiar top-knot, which is also somewhat like that of the Java peacock. In all the species the ocelli on the wings and tail are either circular or oval, and consist of a

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Australian species the colours of the females are rather less vivid than those of the male; and in one splendidly-coloured species, the sexes differ so much that they were at first thought to be specifically distinct.22 Mr. R. B. Sharpe, who has especially studied this group, has shewn me some American species (Ceryle) in which the breast of the male is belted with black. Again, in Carcineutes, the difference between the sexes is conspicuous: in the male the upper surface is dull-blue banded

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

in Audubon's 'Ornith. Biography.' The redstart of America, (Muscapica ruticilla, vol. i. p. 203). The Ibis tantalus takes four years to come to full maturity, but sometimes breeds in the second year (vol. iii. p. 133). The Grus americanus takes the same time, but breeds before acquiring its full plumage (vol. iii. p. 211). The adults of Ardea c rulea are blue, and the young white; and white, mottled, and mature blue birds may all be seen breeding together (vol. iv. p. 58): but Mr. Blyth informs

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

from being obvious, and from including most of the coral-reefs existing in the open sea, it admits of a more fundamental division into barrier and atoll-formed reefs on the one hand, where there is a great apparent difficulty with respect to the foundation on which they must first have grown; and into fringing reefs on the other, where, owing to the nature of the slope of the adjoining land, there is no such difficulty. The two blue tints and the red colour on the map (Plate III.) represent

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

sea. This appears actually to have been the case in some parts of the West Indian Sea. But in the form and disposition of the groups of atolls, there is nothing to countenance this notion; and the assumption that a number of immense piles of sediment have been heaped on the floor of the great Pacific and Indian Oceans in their central parts, far remote from land, where the dark blue colour of the limpid water bespeaks its purity, cannot for one moment be admitted. The many widely scattered