F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

and myself, have in vain searched near the coast for upraised shells and corals, where if present they could not have been overlooked. Two of the Harvey Islands, namely, Aitutaki and Manouai, are formed of upraised coral rocks, and have probably been elevated within a recent period; nevertheless they are encircled by reefs extending so far from the land, that I have coloured them blue, though with much hesitation, as the space within the reef is shallow, and the encircled land is not abrupt. If

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

seen this fish during the spawningseason, when its hues are brightest, to conceive the admixture of brilliant colours with which it, in other respects so illfavoured, is at that time adorned. Both sexes of the Labrus mixtus, although very different in colour, are beautiful; the male being orange with bright blue stripes, and the female bright red with some black spots on the back. In the very distinct family of the Cyprinodontid inhabitants of the fresh waters of foreign lands the sexes sometimes

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

tertiary epoch. A part of this space in the appended map is coloured blue, indicating the presence of barrier-reefs; on which circumstance I shall presently make some remarks. R ppell1 states that the tertiary formation, of which he has examined the organic remains, forms a fringe along the shores with a uniform height of from 30 to 40 feet, from the mouth of the Gulf of Suez to about lat. 26 ; but that south of 26 , the beds attain only the height of from 12 to 15 feet. This, however, can hardly be

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

neighbouring islands, by a reef; but he must mean a distant reef.—Toubouai: in Cook's chart (Second Voyage, vol. ii. p. 2) the reef is laid down in a part at the distance of one mile, and in another part at the distance of two miles from the shore; Mr. Ellis (Polynes. Res. vol. iii. p. 381) says the low land round the base of the island is very extensive; and this gentleman informs me that the water within the reef appears deep; coloured blue.—Raivaivai, or Vivitao: Mr. Williams informs me that the reef

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

miles long in a N. and S. line, and eight wide; 'in the inside of the reef, there appears deep water;' there is a passage near the S.W. corner: this therefore seems to be a submerged atoll, and is coloured blue. Savage Island, 19 S., 170 W., has been described by Cook and Forster. The younger Forster (vol. ii. p. 163) says it is about 40 feet high: he suspects that it contains a low plain, which formerly was the lagoon. The Rev. J. Williams gives 100 feet as its height, and he informs me that the

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

structure: the Chevalier Dillon, however, informs me this is not the case with the B. de Candelaria.— Outong Java, according to the Spanish navigator, Maurelle, is thus characterized; but this is the only one, which I have ventured to colour blue. NEW IRELAND.—The shores of the S.W. point of this island and some adjoining islets, are fringed by reefs, as may be seen in the Atlases of the Voyages of the Coquille and Astrolabe. M. Lesson observes that the reefs are open in front of each streamlet

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

submarine flanks of most atolls are very steep; and if an atoll after upheaval and before the sea had eaten deeply into the land, and had formed a broad flat surface, were again to subside, the reefs which grew to the surface during the subsiding movement, would still closely skirt the coast. After some hesitation, I have thought myself justified in leaving these islands coloured blue. MARIANA ARCHIPELAGO, OR LADRONES.—Guahan: almost the whole of this island is fringed by reefs, which extend

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

charts I have seen, I have not been able to decide whether they belong to the atoll or barrier classes, or whether they merely fringe submarine banks, and gently sloping land. In the Bay of Bonin, between the two southern arms of Celebes, there are numerous coral-reefs; but none of them seem to have an atoll-like structure. I have, therefore, not coloured any of the islands in this part of the sea; I think it, however, exceedingly probable that some of them ought to be blue. I may add that there

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

coral, is of a circular form, and has a low islet on it. The reef is on a level with the water's edge, and when the sea runs high, there are breakers nearly all round; 'the water within seems pretty deep in some places; although steep in most parts outside, there appear to be several parts where a ship might find anchorage outside the breakers;' coloured blue.—The Paracells have been accurately surveyed by Captain D. Ross, and charts on a large scale published: only a few low islets have been

F275    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

to my doubts, close outside this barrier-like reef, Turneffe, Lighthouse, and Glover reefs are situated, and these have so completely the form of atolls, that if they had occurred in the Pacific, I should not have hesitated to colour them blue. Turneffe Reef seems almost entirely filled up with low mud islets; and the depth within the other two reefs is only from one to three fathoms. From this circumstance, and from their similarity in form, structure, and relative position, both to the bank

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Naked Skin. I will first give briefly all the cases known to me, of male quadrupeds differing in colour from the females. With Marsupials, as I am informed by Mr. Gould, the sexes rarely differ in this respect; but the great red kangaroo offers a striking exception, delicate blue being the prevailing tint in those parts of the female, which in the male are red. 19 In the Didelphis opossum of Cayenne 19 Osphranter rufus, Gould, 'Mammals of Australia,' 1863, vol. ii. On the Didelphis, Desmarest

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

have created the fashions of painting, as well as those of garments. In one part of Africa the eyelids are coloured black; in another the nails are coloured yellow or purple. In many places the hair is dyed of various tints. In different countries the teeth are stained black, red, blue, c., and in the Malay Archipelago it is thought shameful to have white teeth like those of a dog. Not one great country can be named, from the Polar regions in the north to New Zealand in the south, in which the

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

of Longicorns. Messrs. R. Trimen and Waterhouse, jun., inform me of two Lamellicorns, viz., a Peritrichia and Trichius, the male of the latter being more obscurely coloured than the female. In Tillus elongatus the male is black, and the female always, as it is believed, of a dark blue colour, with a red thorax. The male, also, of Orsodacna atra, as I hear from Mr. Walsh, is black, the female (the so-called O. ruficollis) having a rufous thorax. [page] 29

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

the feet and parts of the abdomen spotted with the brightest vermilion. It crawled about the bare sandy or open grassy plains of La Plata under a scorching sun, and could not fail to catch the eye of every passing creature. These colours are probably beneficial by making this animal known to all birds of prey as a nauseous mouthful. In Nicaragua there is a little frog dressed in a bright livery of red and blue which does not conceal itself like most other species, but hops about during the daytime

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

agony of passion, we are led to suppose that the females which are present are thus charmed.50 The voice of the common rook is known to alter during the breeding-season, and is therefore in some way sexual.51 But what shall we say about the harsh screams of, for instance, some kinds of macaws; have these birds as bad taste for musical sounds as they apparently have for colour, judging by the inharmonious contrast of their bright yellow and blue plumage? It is indeed possible that without any

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

erects his glittering plumage, expands his finely-zoned tail and barred wing-feathers, and altogether, with his crimson and blue wattles, makes a superb, though to our eyes, grotesque 84 On the pelican, see Sclater, in 'Proc. Zool. Soc.' 1868, p. 265. On the American finches, see Audubon, 'Ornith. Biography,' vol. i. pp. 174, 221, and Jerdon, 'Birds of India,' vol. ii. p. 383. On the Fringilla cannabina of Madeira, Mr. E. Vernon Harcourt, 'Ibis,' vol. v. 1863, p. 230. 85 See also 'Ornamental

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

. The male chaffinch also stands in front of the female, thus shewing his red breast and blue bell, as the fanciers call his head; the wings at the same time being slightly expanded, with the pure white bands on the shoulders thus rendered conspicuous. The common linnet distends his rosy breast, slightly expands his brown wings and tail, so as to make the best of them by exhibiting their white edgings. We must, however, be cautious in concluding that the wings are spread out solely for display, as

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

while to give the few cases which I have been able to collect, relating chiefly to colour, simple albinism and melanism being excluded. Mr. Gould is well known to admit the existence of few varieties, for he esteems very slight differences as specific; yet he states36 that near Bogota certain humming-birds belonging to the genus Cynanthus are divided into two or three races or varieties, which differ from each other in the colouring of the tail some having the whole of the feathers blue, while

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

after the second or third moults they differ only in their beaks having a slight greenish tinge. In the dwarf bitterns (Ardetta), according to the same authority, the male acquires his final livery at the first moult, the female not before the third or fourth moult; in the meanwhile she presents an intermediate garb, which is ultimately exchanged for the same livery as that of the male. So again the female Falco peregrinus acquires her blue plumage more slowly than the male. Mr. Swinhoe states

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

tree. Nevertheless, we must remember that many parrots are ornamented with crimson, blue, and orange tints, which can hardly be protective. Wood-peckers are eminently arboreal, but besides green species, there are many black, and black-and-white kinds all the species being apparently exposed to nearly the same dangers. It is therefore probable that with tree-haunting birds, strongly-pronounced colours have been acquired through sexual selection, but that a green tint has been acquired oftener

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

hear24 that neither the red summer-coat nor the blue winter-coat of the Virginian deer is at all affected by emasculation. With most or all of the highly-ornamented species of Tragelaphus the males are darker than the hornless females, and their crests of hair are more fully developed. In the male of that magnificent antelope, the Derbyan eland, the body is redder, the whole neck much blacker, and the white band which separates these colours, broader, than in the female. In the Cape eland also, the

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

and griseoviridis one part of the body, which is confined to the male sex, is of the most brilliant blue or green, and contrasts strikingly with the naked skin on the hinder part of the body, which is vivid red. Lastly, in the baboon family, the adult male of Cynocephalus humadryas differs from the female not only by his immense 29 Sclater, 'Proc. Zool. Soc.' 1866, p. 1. The same fact has also been fully ascertained by MM. Pollen and van Dam. See, also, Dr. Gray in 'Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Quadrumana. As the negro of Africa raises the flesh on his face into parallel ridges or cicatrices, high above the natural surface, which unsightly deformities, are considered great personal attractions; 34 as negroes and savages in many parts of the world paint their faces with red, blue, white, or black bars, so the male mandrill of Africa appears to have acquired his deeply-furrowed and gaudily-coloured face from having been thus rendered attractive to the female. No doubt it is to us a

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

the branching horns of stags, and the elegant horns of certain antelopes, though properly serving as weapons of offence or defence, have been partly modified for ornament. When the male differs in colour from the female, he generally exhibits darker and more strongly-contrasted tints. We do not in this class meet with the splendid red, blue, yellow, and green tints, so common with male birds and many other animals. The naked parts, however, of certain Quadrumana must be excepted; for such parts

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

projecting jaws of the negroes of the West Coast are exceptional types with the inhabitants of Africa. Notwithstanding the foregoing statements, Mr. Reade admits that negroes do not like the colour of our skin; they look on blue eyes with aversion, and they think our noses too long and our lips too thin. He does not think it probable that negroes would ever prefer the most beautiful European woman, on the mere grounds of physical admiration, to a good-looking negress.68 The general truth of the

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

pigeons, 418; on dyed pigeons, 418; blue dragon pigeons, 446. Tembeta, S. American ornament, 575. Temper, in dogs and horses, inherited, 69. [page] 68

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

., on the wisdom teeth, 20. Wedderburn, Mr., assembly of black game, 407. Wedgwood, Hensleigh, on the origin of language, 87. Weevils, sexual difference in length of snout in some, 208. Weir, Harrison, on the numerical proportion of the sexes in pigs and rabbits, 247; on the sexes of young pigeons, 247; on the songs of birds, 368; on pigeons, 411; on the dislike of blue pigeons to other coloured varieties, 417; on the desertion of their mates by female pigeons, 418. , J. Jenner, on the

CUL-DAR57.23    Note:    1874.05.07--1874.05.11   8h 15 a.m Dead Devils Coach Horse [application also of saliva] / Proof sheet with corrections of Expression, published, p. 231.   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [23] May 7' 1874. 8° 15 A m Dead Devils Coach Horse 4 leaves round Blue stick 3 bits of wings of elytra well moistened with saliva to make close May 8th 9° 2 closely inflected — 2 moderately inflected. M. 9' 7° 45' The Three with wings still slightly inflected; that with elytra closely inflected. May 10th 8°. Am. 3 leaves fully exposed still well closed over elytra — I can see no difference in bits of wings (angles as sharp as ever) as in spec. in

CUL-DAR59.1.34-44    Note:    1874.05.31--1874.06.08   Pinguicula / from N Wales [application of albumen, fibrin, caseine, milk,   Text   Image

p 7B (10° 7° 45' a very little under 2 old seed. 10th 7°. 30 I feel sure about incipient resecretion old on 2 old leaf, the one which was marked blue with indigo other old leaf (see how many days, slower than Drosera) (p. 3 Jun 1' 2d.) Resecretion (over 7

CUL-DAR59.1.34-44    Note:    1874.05.31--1874.06.08   Pinguicula / from N Wales [application of albumen, fibrin, caseine, milk,   Text   Image

secretion feebly acid from 3 Ranunculus seeds Carex (?) these green seeds no secretion from blue glass— (8th, 8° 15' Ranunculus still secreting Carex (?) much less at any time now dry) Jun 6th 5° P m Linum causes secretion [7v

CUL-DAR57.92-93    Note:    [1874].06.22--[1874].07.01   7h 56 Cobra Poison Dr Fayrer 1 gr to 1 oz 30 minims to each of 3 leaves   Text   Image

.) 8 touched [illeg] gland —Blue head will drop a pin. 8.06 1 tip has incurred a little — (8.15 close inflection of several tentacles) (10.30, 8 true marginal closely or sub-inflected) 23d 7.30 7 t. still inflected glands white red, yet all 8 glands were touched only with 2 drops each of 1/21 of m. of col. 1 gr to 1 oz 24th the inflected glands almost straight, some quite straight, 3 glands still almost white 25th 8 fully expanded, but glands white not secreting 92

CUL-DAR59.1.89-103    Note:    [1874].06.23   4h 45 p.m / Pinguicula / On an upright young leaf & on old reflexed leaf   Text   Image

Pinguicula Drop of C. of Amm Scratching 26' 8° 13' (leaf by Blue head —) on left side, put 3 drops of C. of amm (2 gr to 1 oz) scratched with needle on upper lower line on opposite side 9° 35' C. of amm certainly increases secretion, drops from have all move together — no inflection from this or scratching 10° 30' no inflection 2° 15' no inflection 4° 40' ― 0 7° — 0 35 [-] 13 [=] 1° 22 27' 8° A.m no effect On leaf opposite to blue Head, scratched opposite 1 large upper drop ( a minute drop

CUL-DAR59.1.89-103    Note:    [1874].06.23   4h 45 p.m / Pinguicula / On an upright young leaf & on old reflexed leaf   Text   Image

Phosphate of Amm 1 gr. to 10 oz of [water] July 1' 8° 55' — say Blue stick chain of good sized drops on right hand side — (the opposite margin already rather mor involuted) (12° no inflection) (1°. 0) (4° 40' 0' added more phosphate say 45' 2d 8° not the least effect — This is very odd seeing how powerfully this salt acts on Drosera 43.75 [12v

CUL-DAR59.1.89-103    Note:    [1874].06.23   4h 45 p.m / Pinguicula / On an upright young leaf & on old reflexed leaf   Text   Image

(Pinguicula) June 29' 10° 40' — Put bit of meat with juice — on exact line of margin of leaf which was inflected from fly put on June 24th in middle of margin before— The edge of this leaf now partially flat or not at all involuted (2° 45' 0) (7°, 0) (Torpid from fly) 30' 8° instead of being inflexed— considerably reflexed. — July 1' 8° 30' do reflexed (July 2d 8° do) (3d do) (C. of Ammonia) Jun 30' 8° 18 Leaf with Blue line on top chain of dots on left side of sol of C. of ammonia 1 gr to 1

CUL-DAR59.1.64-65    Note:    1874.07.01--1874.07.02   Sugar / 8h 58 / Bit of sugar on leaf (beyond blue Head) & bit of same / Proof sheet of Expression   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 22 Sugar July 1' 8˚ 58' Bit of sugar on leaf (beyond blue Head) bit of same size of glass moistened — (under Bell-glass— absorption very moist) to see about absorption of sugar (12˚ se very great secretion) (1˚ has run down 2/3 of leaf 4˚ 40' whole concavity of leaf filled with very viscid secretion, not in the least acid 2d 8˚ leaf still full of non-acid secretion July 2 74— No marked difference in aggregation in the parts that have had sugar. Many

CUL-DAR59.1.80    Note:    1874.07.08   Pinguicula lusitanica / Put several pieces of the flower stalk into a   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [80] Pinguicula lusitanica July 8. 74 (7) Put several pieces of the flower stalk into a solution of Carb: Ammia. {gr 2 to [symbol] i} for nearly an hour — The glands have changed in colour from a transparent or bright pinky-purple to a dull blue-purple— No marked aggregation— Raid circuln of very minute spheres in the footstalks of the glands— After 8hrs 1/2 immersion in same solution the colour is discharged from the glands— In structure the glands

CUL-DAR59.1.150-156    Note:    1874.07.14   Utricularia / Put 2 atoms of blue glass on 2 valves. In a few hours one   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [1] Utricularia July 15 14 1874 Put 2 atoms of blue glass on 2 valves. In a few hours one was in the bladder, the other was firmly fixed, standing upright (for it was a long splinter) half in the bladder. Late in the evg. I put a 3rd small particle on a valve, next mg it was within. This mg (15th) examined upright splinter, which had entered at one corner, leaving a little triangular open space at one corner of the glass. Many of the tentacles seemed

CUL-DAR59.1.150-156    Note:    1874.07.14   Utricularia / Put 2 atoms of blue glass on 2 valves. In a few hours one   Text   Image

   remained on surface; then 1 disappeared later the other, both found within bladders. : the specimen had not been handled— so certainly slow action, I now do not doubt about splinters of blue-glass slowly entering bladders— Grains of sand in another bladder— May I have touched spines on valves when I touched bits of glass. (

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

chequered; and Mr. Esquilant has seen a chequered Runt. I bred from two pure blue Tumblers a chequered bird. The facts hitherto given refer to the occasional appearance in pure races of blue birds with black wing-bars, and likewise blue Barb; and Mr. H. Weir, as I am informed by Mr. Tegetmeier, once bred a silver (which means very pale blue) Barb from two yellow birds. 25 Mr. Blyth informs me that all the domestic races in India have the croup blue; but this is not invariable, for I possess a

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

wild Columba livia. With respect to crossed breeds frequently producing blue birds chequered with black, and resembling in all respects both the dovecot-pigeon and the chequered wild variety of the rock-pigeon, the statement before referred to by MM. Boitard and Corbié would almost suffice; but I will give three instances of the appearance of such birds from crosses in which one alone of the parents or great-grandparents was blue, but not chequered. I crossed a male blue Turbit with a snow-white

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

of these cases, that the tail first shows a tendency to become by reversion blue; and this fact of the persistency of colour in the tail and tail-coverts29 will surprise no one who has attended to the crossing of pigeons. The last case which I will give is the most curious. I paired a mongrel female Barb-fantail with a mongrel male Barb-spot; neither of which mongrels had the least blue about them. Let it be remembered that blue Barbs are excessively rare; that Spots, as has been already stated

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

course of only three or four years, a considerable number of young birds, more or less plainly coloured blue, and with most of the characteristic marks. When black and white, or black and red birds, are crossed, it would appear that a slight tendency exists in both parents to produce blue offspring, and that this, when combined, overpowers the separate tendency in either parent to produce black, or white, or red offspring. If we reject the belief that all the races of the pigeon are the modified

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

eye, as I have several times observed, be not blue, the cat hears. On the other hand, I have never seen a white cat with eyes of the common colour that was deaf. In France Dr. Sichel25 has observed during twenty years similar facts; he adds the remarkable case of the iris beginning, at the end of four months, to grow dark-coloured, and then the cat first began to hear. This case of correlation in cats has struck many persons as marvellous. There is nothing unusual in the relation between blue

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

in many places chequered with black, and having either a white or blue croup or loins; it varies also slightly in the size of the beak and body. Dovecot-pigeons, which no one disputes are descended from one or more of the above wild forms, present a similar but greater range of variation in plumage, in the size of body, and in the length and thickness of the beak. There seems to be some relation between the croup being blue or white, and the temperature of the country inhabited by both wild

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

, vigour, or affinity of its gemmules. In some cases, however, certain characters are present in the one form and latent in the other; for instance, there is a latent tendency in all pigeons to become blue, and, when a blue pigeon is crossed with one of any other colour, the blue tint is generally prepotent. The explanation of this form of prepotency will be obvious when we come to the consideration of Reversion. When two distinct species are crossed, it is notorious that they do not yield the

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

almost invariably produced. The breeds which I crossed, and the remarkable results attained, have been fully described in the sixth chapter. I selected pigeons belonging to true and ancient breeds, which had not a trace of blue or any of the above specified marks; but when crossed, and their mongrels recrossed, young birds were often produced, more or less plainly coloured slaty-blue, with some or all of the proper characteristic marks. I may recall to the reader's memory one case, namely, that

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

produce on the same plant both blue and white, and striped blue and white flowers.34 Chrysanthemum.—This plant frequently sports, both by its lateral branches and occasionally by suckers. A seedling raised by Mr. Salter has produced by bud-variation six distinct sorts, five different in colour and one in foliage, all of which are now fixed.35 A variety called cedo nulli bears small yellow flowers, but habitually produces branches with white flowers; and a specimen was exhibited, which Prof. T

F1217    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Insectivorous plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

experiments to ascertain how this was effected. The free margin of the valve bends so easily that no resistance is felt when a needle or thin bristle is inserted. A thin human hair, fixed to a handle, and cut off so as to project barely 1/4 of an inch, entered with some difficulty; a longer piece yielded instead of entering. On three occasions minute particles of blue glass (so as to be easily distinguished) were placed on valves whilst under water; and on trying gently to move them with a needle, they

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

, with short ears and light-blue eyes. In St. Domingo, Col. Ham. Smith says38 that the feral dogs are very large, like greyhounds, of a uniform pale blue-ash, with small ears, and large light-brown eyes. Even the wild Dingo, though so anciently naturalised in Australia, varies considerably in colour, as I am informed by Mr. P. P. King: a half-bred Dingo reared in England39 showed signs of wishing to burrow. From the several foregoing facts we see that reversion in the feral state gives no

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

rock-pigeon is of a slaty-blue colour; the wings are crossed by two bars; the croup varies in colour, being generally white in the pigeon of Europe, and blue in that of India; the tail has a black bar close to the end, and the outer webs of the outer tail-feathers are edged with white, except near the tips. These combined [page] 20