F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

12. SILK FOWLS.—Feathers silky, with the primary wing and tail-feathers imperfect; skin and periosteum of bones black; comb and wattles dark leaden-blue; ear-lappets tinged with blue; legs thin, often furnished with an additional toe. Size rather small. 13. SOOTY FOWLS.—An Indian breed, having the peculiar appearance of a white bird smeared with soot, with black skin and periosteum. The hens alone are thus characterised. From this synopsis we see that the several breeds differ considerably

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

purely-bred animals or plants reassume long-lost characters,—when the common ass, for instance, is born with striped legs, when a pure race of black or white pigeons throws a slaty-blue bird, or when a cultivated heartsease with large and rounded flowers produces a seedling with small and elongated flowers,—we are quite unable to assign any proximate cause. When animals run wild, the tendency to reversion, which, though it has been greatly exaggerated, no doubt exists, is sometimes to a

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

, supported on a hemispherical protuberance Fig. 31. Hamburgh Fowl. of the frontal bones, which includes the anterior part of the brain. The ascending branches of premaxillary bones and the inner nasal processes are much shortened. The orifice of the nostrils raised and crescentic. Beak short. Comb absent, or small and of crescentic shape; wattles either present or replaced by a beard-like tuft of feathers. Legs leaden-blue. Sexual differences appear late in life. Do not incubate. There are several

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

, the common dovecot-pigeon is not chequered. In India they often become chequered, and sometimes pied with white; the croup also, as I am informed by Mr. Blyth, becomes nearly white. I have received from Sir. J. Brooke some dovecot-pigeons, which originally came from the S. Natunas Islands in the Malay Archipelago, and which had been crossed with the Singapore dovecots: they were small and the darkest variety was extremely like the dark chequered variety with a blue croup from Madeira; but the

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

and colour,113 and many of the plants thus raised were intermediate in the tubers as well as in the haulms. He describes the more striking cases. In 1871 I received a letter from Mr. Merrick, of Boston, U.S.A., who states that, Mr. Fearing Burr, a very careful experimenter and author of a much valued book, 'The Garden Vegetables of America,' has succeeded in producing distinctly mottled and most curious potatoes—evidently graft-hybrids, by inserting eyes from blue or red potatoes into the

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

to assume that character which in the third generation all the grains acquired. As we do not know the aboriginal parent of the maize, we cannot tell whether these changes are in any way connected with reversion. In the two following cases, reversion comes into play and is determined by the position of the seed in the capsule. The Blue Imperial pea is the offspring of the Blue Prussian, and has larger seed and ————————————————— 21 Hugo von Mohl, 'The Vegetable Cell,' Eng. tr., 1852, p. 76. 22 The

F1217    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Insectivorous plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

many of the other tentacles. We here see clearly that such bodies as particles of cinder or little balls of paper, after being carried by the tentacles to the central glands, act very differently from fragments of flies, in causing the movement of the surrounding tentacles. I made, without carefully recording the times of movement, many similar trials with other substances, such as splinters of white and blue glass, particles of cork, minute bits of gold-leaf, c.; and the proportional number

F1220    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Insectivorous plants. New York: D. Appleton.   Text   Image   PDF

many of the other tentacles. We here see clearly that such bodies as particles of cinder or little balls of paper, after being carried by the tentacles to the central glands, act very differently from fragments of flies, in causing the movement of the surrounding tentacles. I made, without carefully recording the times of movement, many similar trials with other substances, such as splinters of white and blue glass, particles of cork, minute bits of gold-leaf, c.; and the proportional number

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

, according to Moorcroft,70 ten varieties of the apricot, very different from each other, are cultivated, and all are raised from seed, excepting one, which is budded. Plums (Prunus insititia).—Formerly the sloe, P. spinosa, was thought to be the parent of all our plums; but now this honour is Fig. 43. Plum Stones, of natural size, viewed laterally. 1. Bullace Plum. 2. Shropshire Damson. 3. Blue Gage. 4. Orieans. 5. Elvas. 6. Denyer's Victoria. 7. Diamond. very commonly accorded to P. insititia

CUL-DAR228.1-6    Draft:    [1875]   Breeding is the art of raising different kinds of animals for the use or pleasure of man. / Draft of Insectivorous plants   Text

Ch XII Some [Loose] green-water was dropped in some several leaves, but this without producing no any produced no effect I then placed but when a a fragment of a leaf was inwards in a few days of a solution of blue grain of the one part of carbonate of ammonia to to an ounce of 146 of water, the glands were all instantly blackened, a Clouds of aggregating matter protoplasm could be seen rapidly travelling over down to cells of the tentacle, then clouds soon formed united into spheres variously

F1050.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Menneskets Afstamning og Parringsvalget. Translated by J. P. Jacobsen. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

Brystet frem, saa mange flere af de r de Fjer sees paa engang, end det ellers er Tilf ldet. Sam-, tidig dermed vrider og vrikker den sin sorte Hale fra den ene Side til den anden paa en kostelig Maade. Bogfinkehannen staaer ogsaa Ansigt til Ansigt med Hunnen, saa-ledes at den viser sit r de Bryst og sin »Blaaklokke« (blue bell, et Sportnavn for dens Hoved); Vingerne ere samtidig lidt udbredte, hvorved de rene hvide Baand paa [page] 9

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

Usborn, about half the animals in some of the herds were lead- or mouse-coloured, which elsewhere is an unusual tint. These latter cattle, though generally inhabiting high land, breed about a month earlier than the other cattle; and this circumstance would aid in keeping them distinct and in perpetuating a peculiar colour. It is worth recalling to mind that blue or lead-coloured marks have occasionally appeared on the white cattle of Chillingham. So plainly different were the colours of the

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

Man' (6th edit. p. 466) some curious cases, on the authority of Mr. Tegetmeier, of silver-coloured (i.e. very pale blue) birds being generally females, and of the ease with which a race thus characterised could be produced. Bonizzi (see 'Variazioni dei Columbi domestici:' Padova, 1873) states that certain coloured spots are often different in the two sexes, and the certain tints are commoner in females than in male pigeons. [page] 17

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

.03 Spot .. 1.90 0.02 .. ,, 1.90 0.07 .. Swallow, red .. 1.85 0.18 .. ,, blue .. 2.00 .. 0.03 Pouter .. 2.42 .. 0.11 ,, German .. 2.30 .. 0.09 Bussorah Carrier .. 2.17 .. 0.09 Number of specimens .. 28 22 5 [page] 18

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

pencilled or spangled feathers; and this fact is intelligible on the law of analogous variation, as neither the wild rock pigeon nor any closely allied species has such feathers. The frequent appearance of pencilling in crossed birds probably accounts for the existence of cuckoo sub-breeds in the Game, Polish, Dorking, Cochin, Andalusian, and Bantam breeds. The plumage of these birds is slaty-blue or grey, with each feather transversely barred with darker lines, so as to resemble in some degree the

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

this first class of cases were given in the sixth chapter, namely, of the occasional reappearance, in variously-coloured breeds of the pigeon, of blue birds with all the marks characteristic of the wild Columba livia. Similar [page]

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

between two non-sitting breeds invariably recover their lost instinct, any more than that crossed fowls or pigeons invariably recover the red or blue plumage of their prototypes. Thus I raised several chickens from a Polish hen by a Spanish cock,—breeds which do not incubate,—and none of the young hens at first showed any tendency to sit; but one of them—the only one which was preserved—in the third year sat well on her eggs and reared a brood of chickens. So that here we have the reappearance

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

of sterility could be detected, such varieties would at once be raised by almost every naturalist to the rank of distinct species. If, for instance, Gärtner's statement were fully confirmed, that the blue and red flowered forms of the pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis) are sterile when crossed, I presume that all the botanists who now maintain on various grounds that these two forms are merely fleeting varieties, would at once admit that they were specifically distinct. The real difficulty in our

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

various accounts it is clear that the cloth-of-gold variety will not withstand a degree of exposure to sunshine which other varieties enjoy. Another amateur asserts that not only all dark-coloured verbenas, but likewise scarlets, suffer from the sun: the paler kinds stand better, and pale blue is perhaps the best of all. So again with the heartsease (Viola tricolor); hot 14 'Gardener's Chronicle,' 1852, pp. 435, 691. 15 Bechstein, 'Naturgesch. Deutschlands,' 1801, B. i. s. 310. 16 Prichard

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

broader pods than its parent. Now Mr. Masters, of Canterbury, a careful observer and a raiser of new varieties of the pea, states25 that the Blue Imperial always has a strong tendency to revert to its parent-stock, and the reversion occurs in this manner: the last (or uppermost) pea in the pod is frequently much smaller than the rest; and if these small peas are carefully collected and sown separately, very many more, in proportion, will revert to their origin, than those taken from the other

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

do not readily blend,—blue plumage in the one case, evidently derived from the rock-pigeon, and red plumage in the other case, derived from the wild jungle-cock, occasionally reappear. With uncrossed breeds the same result follows, under conditions which favour the multiplication and development of certain dormant gemmules, as when animals become feral and revert to their pristine character. A certain number of gemmules being requisite for the development of each character, as is known to be

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

only two exceptions to this rule, namely, in a spaniel and terrier. Dogs of a light-brown colour often have a lighter, yellowish-brown spot over the eyes; sometimes the spot is white, and in a mongrel terrier the spot was black. Mr. Waring kindly examined for me a stud of fifteen greyhounds in Suffolk: eleven of them were black, or black and white, or brindled, and these had no eye-spots; but three were red and one slaty-blue, and these four had dark-coloured spots over their eyes. Although the

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

-pigeon, and which naturalists believe to be the parent of all the domesticated breeds. This bird agrees in every essential character with the breeds which have been only slightly modified. It differs from all other species in being of a slaty-blue colour, with two black bars on the wings, and with the croup (or loins) white. Occasionally birds are seen in Faroe and the Hebrides with the black bars replaced by two or three black spots; this form has been named by Brehm9 C. amaliæ, but this species

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

fowls from Borneo, and across the tail of one of these, as Mr. Tegetmeier observed, there were transverse blue bands like those which he had seen on the tail-feathers of hybrids from G. varius, reared in the Zoological Gardens. This fact apparently indicates that some of the fowls of Borneo have been slightly affected by crosses with G. varius, but the case may possibly be one of analogous variation. I may just allude to the G. giganteus, so often referred to in works on poultry as a wild

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

-spangled Polish chickens are grey, sometimes (Dixon) with dashes of ochre on the head, wings, and breast. Cuckoo and blue-dun fowls (Dixon) are grey in the down. The chickens of Sebright Bantams (Dixon) are uniformly dark brown, whilst those of the brown-breasted red Game Bantam are black, with some white on the throat and breast. From these facts we see that young chickens of the different breeds, and even of the same main breed, differ much in their downy plumage; and, although longitudinal stripes

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

, almost white, blue, purple, or red. There are some curious varieties, such as the double or Siamese, and the Stoneless plum: in the latter the ———————————————— 73 'De l'Espèce,' tom. ii. p. 94. On the parentage of our plums, see also Alph. De Candolle, 'Géograph. Bot.,' p. 878. Also Targioni-Tozzetti, 'Journal Hort. Soc.,' vol. ix. p. 164. Also Babington, 'Manual of Brit. Botany,' 1851, p. 87. 74 'Fruits of America,' pp. 276, 278, 284, 310, 314. Mr. Rivers raised ('Gard. Chron.,' 1863, p. 27

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

extensive knowledge, but of his truthfulness: he says that bulbs of blue and red hyacinths may be cut in two, and that they will grow together and throw up a united stem (and this I have myself seen) with flowers of the two colours on the opposite sides. But the remarkable point is, that flowers are sometimes produced with the two colours blended together, which makes the case closely analogous with that of the blended colours of the grapes on the united vine branches. In the case of roses it is

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

barred pigeons, and pigeons with blue and white loins, from Sierra Leone, Madeira, England, and India. New varieties of flowers are continually raised in different parts of Great Britain, but many of these are found by the judges at our exhibitions to be almost identical with old varieties. A vast number of new fruit-trees and culinary vegetables have been produced in North America: these differ from European varieties in the same general manner as the several varieties raised in Europe differ

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

. Casuarius bennettii, ii. 140. CAT, domestic, i. 45-50; early domestication and probable origin of the, i. 45, 46; intercrossing of, with wild species, i. 46, 47; variations of, i. 47-49; feral, i. 49, ii. 6; anomalous, i. 50; polydactylism in, i. 458; black, indications of stripes in young, ii. 30; tortoiseshell, ii. 49; effects of crossing in, ii. 63; fertility of, ii. 89; difficulty of selection in, ii. 220, 222; length of intestines in, ii. 292; white with blue eyes, deafness of, ii. 322; with

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

GARROD-GEOFFROY. ————————————————— GARROD, Dr., on hereditary gout, i. 451. GÄRTNER, on the sterility of hybrids, i. 201, ii. 79, 169; acquired sterility of varieties of plants when crossed, i. 381; sterility in transplanted plants, and in the lilac in Germany, ii. 148; mutual sterility of blue and red flowers of the pimpernel, ii. 173; supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, ii. 42; on crossing plants, ii. 76, 107, 111, 112; on repeated crossing, ii. 255; absorption of one species

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

characters of Columba livia in cross-bred pigeons, i. 210; production of a white head in almond tumblers, ii. 183. WICKSTED, Mr., on cases of individual sterility, ii. 146. WIEGMANN, spontaneous crossing of blue and white peas, i. 428; crossing of varieties of cabbage, ii. 110; on contabescence, ii. 149. WIGHT, Dr., sexual sterility of plants propagated by buds, c., ii. 153. WILCKENS, Dr., effect of previous impregnation, i. 436; alpine breeds, ii. 290; drooping ears, ii. 291; correlation of hair and

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

He gathered in Switzerland 100 flower-stems of the common blue variety of the monkshood (Aconitum napellus), and not a single flower was perforated; he then gathered 100 stems of a white variety growing close by, and every one of the open flowers had been perforated. This surprising difference in the state of the flowers may be attributed with much probability to the blue variety being distasteful to bees, from the presence of the acrid matter which is so general in the Ranunculaceae, and to

A1014.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 1.   Text

; the small wine-coloured Taxila; the fine blue Amblypodia; the beautiful Thyca, elegantly marked underneath with red and yellow, which represent our common white butterflies and are almost equally abundant; the pale blue Eronia, and the large red-tipped Iphias. The genus Papilio is represented by a variety of fine groups; the large Ornithoptera, with satiny yellow under-wings; the superb green-marked brookeana; the paradoxa group, often closely resembling the Euplæas that abound in the same

CUL-DAR76.B114    Abstract:    [Undated]   Müller H.L.H `Bienen-Zeitung' 1876: 119, 182-183   Text   Image

flowers in almost exactly the same manner as I have done. p. 183 Humble-bees stick less constantly to the same flower than do Hive-bees. p. 183 Has seen the Honey-bee going for flower of Ranunculus, bulbosus repens Trifolium fragiferum repens. — from blue Hyacinth to blue violets!! p. 184 Guided more by colour size of flower than shape. [Cross and self fertilisation, p. 415: * See, on this subject H. Müller, 'Befruchtung' etc. page 427; and Sir J. Lubbock's 'British Wild Flowers' etc. page 20. Müller

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

took after their mother, and were red-coloured. But on two of the plants the flowers were plainly stained with blue, and to such a degree in one case as to be almost intermediate in tint. The crossed seeds of the two foregoing kinds and the self-fertilised were sown on the opposite sides of two large pots, and the seedlings were measured when fully grown, as shown in the two following tables: Table XCII. Anagallis collina. Red variety crossed by a distinct Plant of the Red Variety, and Red

F276    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. Geological observations on the volcanic islands and parts of South America visited during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle'. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

with very imperfect cleavages, mingled with semi-rounded grains, having tarnished, glossy surfaces, of a steel-blue mineral. The crystals of albite are coated by a red oxide of iron, appearing like a residual substance; and their cleavage-planes also are sometimes separated by excessively fine layers of this oxide, giving to the crystals the appearance of being ruled like a glass micrometer. There was no quartz. The steel-blue mineral, which is abundant in the pinnacle, but which disappears in

F401    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed., with additions and corrections. [First issue of final definitive text]   Text   Image   PDF

pigeons well deserve consideration. The rock-pigeon is of a slaty-blue, with white loins; but the Indian sub-species, C. intermedia of Strickland, has this part bluish. The tail has a terminal dark bar, with the outer feathers externally edged at the base with white. The wings have two black bars. Some semi-domestic breeds, and some truly wild breeds, have, besides the two black bars, the wings chequered with black. These several marks do not occur together in any other species of the whole family

A1014.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 2.   Text

fleshy tube clothed with broad feathers. The bird is as large as a crow, of a glossy blue-black colour, and belongs to the same family as the exquisitely tinted blue-and-purple chatterers. Flying towards us are a pair of curl-crested toucans (Pteroglossus beauharnaisii), distinguished among all other toucans by a crest composed of small black and shining barbless plumes, resembling curled whalebone. The general plumage is green above, yellow and red beneath, like many of its allies. To the right

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

-stems on the self-fertilised plants 7.37 inches; or as 100 to 74. The self-fertilised plants were miserable specimens, whilst the crossed ones looked very vigorous. ANAGALLIS. Anagallis collina, var. grandiflora (pale red and blue-flowered sub-varieties). Firstly, twenty-five flowers on some plants of the red variety were crossed with pollen from a distinct plant of the same variety, and produced ten capsules; thirty-one flowers were fertilised with their own pollen, and produced eighteen capsules

F401    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed., with additions and corrections. [First issue of final definitive text]   Text   Image   PDF

analogous characters. If, for instance, we did not know that the parent rock-pigeon was not feather-footed or turn-crowned, we could not have told, whether such characters in our domestic breeds were reversions or only analogous variations; but we might have inferred that the blue colour was a case of reversion from the number of the markings, which are correlated with this tint, and which would not probably have all appeared together from simple variation. More especially we might have inferred this

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

with plants of the 4th self-fertilised generation,grown in open ground, in height 20 48 74 20 35 20 as 100 to 72 Nicotiana tabacum offspring of plants self-fertilised for three generations and then crossed by a slightly different variety, compared with plants of the 4th self-fertilised generation,grown in open ground, in weight as 100 to 63 Anagallis collina offspring from a red variety crossed by a blue variety, compared with the self- fertilised offspring of the red variety 3 27 62 3 18 21 as

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

plant of the same variety were in height to the self-fertilised plants from the red variety as 100 to 73. When the flowers on the red variety were fertilised with pollen from a closely similar blue-flowered variety, they yielded double the number of seeds to what they did when crossed by pollen from another individual of the same red variety, and the seeds were much finer. The plants raised from this cross between the two varieties were to the self-fertilised seedlings from the red variety, in

F276    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. Geological observations on the volcanic islands and parts of South America visited during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle'. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

slightly cellular, and blending into the surrounding matrix, some of the grains of the steel-blue augite also have their surfaces becoming very finely vesicular, and passing into the nature of the surrounding paste; other grains are throughout, in an intermediate condition. The paste seems to consist of the augite more perfectly fused, or, more probably, merely disturbed in its softened state by the movement of the mass, and mingled with the oxide of iron and with finely comminuted, glassy

F276    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. Geological observations on the volcanic islands and parts of South America visited during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle'. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

depth between 60 and 70 feet, has been observed1 to be broadly rippled. One may, therefore, be allowed to suspect, from the appearances just mentioned in the New Red sandstone, that at greater depths, the bed of the ocean is heaped up during gales into great ripple-like furrows and depressions, which are afterwards cut off by the currents during more tranquil weather, and again furrowed during gales. Valleys in the sandstone platforms. The grand valleys, by which the Blue Mountains and the

F276    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. Geological observations on the volcanic islands and parts of South America visited during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle'. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

section of the Artesian Well at Barracas. Thickness in m tres a. Sand . . . . . . . . . 4 33 b. Very arenaceous clay . . . . . . 8 02 c. Fine clay . . . . . . . . 1 05 Blue plastic clay . . . . . . 2 90 d. Tosca, with calcareous nodules . . . . 2 30 e. Yellow sand, very fine and fluid, with quartz pebbles and fluviatile shells . . . . 28 60 f. Green clay, more or less plastic and calcareous, with iron pyrites, marine shells, and nodules of lithographic stone . . . . . 20 30 g. Green sand with shells

F276    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. Geological observations on the volcanic islands and parts of South America visited during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle'. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

much in nature in short distances: the commonest variety is a white, much indurated tuff, sometimes slightly calcareous, with ferruginous spots and waterlines, often passing into whitish or purplish compact, fine-grained grit or sandstones; other varieties become semi-porcellanic, and tinted faint green or blue; others pass into an indurated shale: most of these varieties are easily fusible. Fourthly: a bed, about 100 feet thick, of a compact, partially columnar, pale-gray, feldspathic lava

A6248    Periodical contribution:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. Address. Report of the forty-sixth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Glasgow in September 1876, Notices and abstracts, pp. 100-110. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection]   Text   PDF

birds.In another series of genera (Catagramma, Callithea, and Agrias), all belonging to the Nymphalidæ, we have the most vivid blue ground, with broad bands of orange-crimson or a different tint of blue or purple, exactly reproduced in corresponding, yet unrelated species, occurring in the same locality; yet, as none of these groups are protected, this can hardly be true mimicry. A few species of two other genera * Romaleosoma and Euryphene (Nymphalidæ), Papilio zalmoxis and several species of the

A1014.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 1.   Text

markable forms; among the bee-eaters we have the exquisite Nyctiornis with its pendent neck-plumes of blue or scarlet; brilliant kingfishers and strangely formed hornbills abound everywhere; while brown-backed trogons with red and orange breasts, though far less frequent, are equally a feature of the Ornithology. Next we have the frog-mouthed goatsuckers (Battrachostomus), and the whiskered swifts (Dendrochelidon), both wide-spread, remarkable, and characteristic groups of the Oriental region

A1014.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 1.   Text

spectator in front, and, contrary to what usually obtains among pheasants, the head is entirely unadorned, having neither crest nor a particle of vivid colour, a remarkable confirmation of Mr. Darwin's views, that gayly coloured plumes are developed in the male bird for the purpose of attractive display in the breeding season. The long-tailed bird on the right is one of the Drongo-shrikes (Bhringa remifer), whose long bare tail-feathers, with an oar-like web at the end, and blue-black glossy

A1014.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 1.   Text

of life, and with a perfection of colouring that leaves little to be desired. Below the Seleucides is one of the elegant racquet-tailed king-hunters (Tanysiptera galatea) whose plumage of vivid blue and white, and coral-red bill, combined with the long spatulate tail, renders this bird one of the most attractive of the interesting family of kingfishers. On a high branch is seated the little Papuan parroquet (Charmosyna papuensis), one of the Trichoglossidæ, or brush-tongued parrots, richly