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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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EATON, John Matthews A treatise on the art of breeding and managing tame, domesticated, foreign and fancy pigeons London; the Author; 1858; [CUL, bound with:] MOORE, J. Columbarinus, or the pigeon-house, being an introduction to a natural history of tame pigeons London; J. Wilford; 1735 [pre-B] beh, br, cs NB p60 Pouter; carr p44 Carrier Frontespiece Tumbler 100 Barb; Jacobin; Fantail; Turbit SB 78 Qä) 86£d Fashion goes in extremes with Fanciers- Q« 120* in Beards Qaj 145 Blue Tumbler bred
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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seems to consider them distinct: says perhaps or probably 2 species both varying. Refer to experiments of Magazine of Nat Hist V. p. 493. VIII.634 Phytologist 2.164 ÏÏ6m/ÏÏ20-6w Ask Babington- 310 Ml2-8m/w colours changing during summer 312 ÏÏ25u e 313 10-12w Blue Yellow seldom unite 19-22w curious ways colours unite. 323 wt (a) In Mongrel Maize self-impregnated seeds of two colours 6u selbst 4-8mlyo (a) 324 4-27«; in 2d generation of Hybrid Maize seeds variously coloured 325 ÎÎS-4m, wb It is
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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NB / Nothing Ap. 1857 7 19-22m 9 30-34m 10 wb describes the Blue Rock by the name of Stock dove 12 32ae 14 8-19m, 22-24m 15 2-3m, 22-23m 17 20-22m, 28-30m, 34-35m 18 l-5m, 14-16m 19 13-15m, 36-38m *14 l-3m, 7-9m *15 23-26m\w education *16 37-38m/wb Seems to consider all the Horsemen Dragoons crossed breeds Can this be so considering how true? *17 17-20m, 31-34m *18 10-19m 20 3-8m 22 20-22m, 34-36m 23 l-4m/lu with I long , 28u four I length , 31u the I Roman , 34u table 24 8-12m, 13-15m, 30-32m 31
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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arriving XX wb XX Quails from hot south country with red throats. 21 2x 22 20-25m/w Nut-hatch more blue in warmer countries 23 art X I might say according to Gloger plumage varies little according to climate wt Green seldom brighter in hot countries-x l-3m, 22x 24 5-llm/w legs beaks in difft climates vary in colour 25 19m 27 28m 28 21-29m, 7-Mw About 1/5 of Kolreuter's white-variegated in Faro!? yet these do not pair together 29 3-7m, 4u Schwandrorsel (Amsel) /l-7w This Bird in Italy has in first
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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female more beautiful gorget than male 75 » do 120 more than 20 males to 1 female - male very gorgeous.- ss 49 Males Shafts of feathers expanded in male 7 5-32w Humming birds very num. confined ranges 35- 8 30-36m 9 20-28m, 31-32m 14 37-45m 15 xot Bates Butterflies when underside displayed this is beautiful 2- 2m\m , 24-29m/24u*/25u pierce I bases '/28u Bourcier\bird 17 21-25m 18 l-10m/5u beards , 14-19m, 19-23m, 30u blue ear- tufts , 33u bearded , 43-46m/44u undertail- coverts , 49-50m/50u from
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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plants preserve them, by allowing very many impregnations, the stigma keeping its power - with respect to wheat 353 2-8m/w Note in Philosoph -Transaction, about White Blue Peas 354 9-18m (Gaertner, Wiegmann, Knight)/12u is I erroneous /13u oat /16a racemosa Scarlet 18-22m/ ... /22u, 24-28m/w This must be functionally dichogamous. 27m Calceolaria / 24-28w In Calceolaria * stigma ready before * pollen 29u/a Pelargonium]Aktroemeria / 29-33w in these * stigma ready after pollen ÏÏ6-2m/1Ï4M* 355 3-5m
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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somniferum self-fertile p66 On Causes of Variation Range of Viola lutea tricolor 11 Adonis aestivalis self-fertilised prot- androus Look over, some references for Good for crossing Book p4 What he considers evidence of specific form ! p27 causes of variability Reversion 17 on the form of Anagallis blue red arvensis cd not cross them ! 22 Range of differences of - 3 18-21m/w no - Cytisus adami 4 12m, 21-23m/22u Blosse\Nachweis /13-27w It comes to this that without direct evidence of descent from 1
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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Mr Norman not to be counted with varieties - nor any species introduced as notes 37 25w not count, in Norman 39 25-27m, 43-45m 40 24-26m 53 3-8m (De Candolle) 54 22-27m 55 26-30m, 28-30m, 31u Indeed I genera , 33-35m/34u confined \ Andes , 41u blue-flowered 56 l-2w How alpine a genus! 3-8m, 9-llm, 14-15m 57 6-11m, 41-44m 58 11-17m 61 7-8m, 10-12m, 33-35m 62 9-27m, 9-12m, 14-16m/16u 3-valved 66 37-40m 67 6-9m, ll-13m, 20-22m, 33m/w var 41-42m 73 36-43m/40u on\occur /w explain 74 l-5m, 6-11m, 12
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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Mongrels intermediate 22«; bantams 17-20w naked feet very small 20w do. 22«; feathered feet 24-28w Feet very short Belly almost touches ground- wb Feet wonderfully feathered 18 22-22« einen]Schwanz 19-22w Hens from isthmus of Panama 19 5-20«; Philippine Hen with excessively short legs, wings scrape ground 22« Hamburgische , 13-21w Belly legs like Velvet very sharp Beak, tuft of feathers over ears Legs feet blue with yellow soles. 13u/wx, 24m, 25u paduanische , 26-29w/wb is as big again as foregoing
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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429 JAEGER, Gustav Die Darwinsche Theorie und ihre Stellung zur Moral und Religion Stuttgart; Hoff mann; 1869 [Linnean Society of London, I] JAEGER, Gustav Die Darwinsche Theorie und ihre Stellung zu Moral und Religion Stuttgart; Julius Hoffmann; n.d. [CUL] ad, beh, es, no, oo, sx, v SB (following from p. 63) X old Black rat with Aegyptian parent, the colour was not originally black - Now the Hanoverian Rat occasionally produce a blue-black var it is said this var is rapidly increasing - so
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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of rocks etc) 4 Ww is this emitted from the Trap Rocks near Edinburgh 6 18w Is found in the oldest primitive rocks 10 22-27w Owes its deliquesance to the Lime Magnesia Blue Red colours are owing to the Iron 11 17w Rock salt has never been found in Scotland 17 7w Sub Sulphate of Alumina 23 7-8w Easily distinguished from Marble by yielding to the Nail wb Easily mistaken for Satin Spar but can be distinguished by its softness 28 10-llw melts like Ice Before the blowpipe 36u rare/w very 29 wt All
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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the first kind that was described was of a blue colour wb (The term Sparry is nearly synonymous to Foliated) 82 4*, 34-35u, wb * Occurs most abundantly in the upper parts of the vein 88 3w has lately been met with in Brazil 4* 89 wt * Have not I a specimen of this in my Cabinet? wb (Nearly all these Lead Spars are daily forming: thus Spades c have been found coated with Carb: of Lead) 98 17w Carb: of Copper 106 4w to shine 14w Arceniate of Copper 20u, wb * By a late Analysis appears to be
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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Chalk 20-23«; The base of pudding of stone in quartz; the concretions flint 23«; from Calcedon in Asia Minor 16x, 18u\18-21w where blue is called Sapphirine by the Jewellers wb x The dendritic variety is called Mocha Stone from a place in India or from a German word signifying moss, this appearance is owing to Iron Manganese 203 lx/wt x is mentioned by Pliny as a different mineral 4u\w owing to Nickel 27w from its colour 204 14u/14-16w The green colour is owing to Green earth 25w origin of name
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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seeds 64 4u seeds \gramineae 69 4u seeds and 70 2u by I August , 8u of \ September 71 8-llm 73 34-38m 89 14-17m 112 20-27m 114 29-32m (Temminck) I30u± 129 10-16m/12u with orange J13u bluish-white patch , 17 u plumage] blue , 20-21u plumage] black 134 23« unguis , 14u sides] orange , 15u upper]yellow 140 13u upper]yellow 199 13-16m/14-15u conical] backwards , 28-31m 205 26-30w It might be worth examining note 30-33m, wb Goosander: * M. serrator Dundiver: M. castor or M. Merganser 207 18u head]black
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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Ring Dover 54 3-12w Blue Rock Pigeons 9-22m, 32-33m/w doubtful 55 9-34w (not CD) 56 8m, 10-15m/12w (a) wb (a) Will occupy old trees when house destroyed 61 30-34m 62 23c/we 86 23-20w some she pigeons prefer stranger to own husbands 158 5m/wt/l-13w This seems to imply like coloured Pigeons prefer each other. 159 wb same coloured Pigeons pair most readily 160 22m 161 wt (a) difference is reciprocal cross of Pouter common Pigeon 22-22W Hybrids bigger 12-19m/15w (a) 22- 24w male gives form the female
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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9 NB 204 Houdans 209 33-36m/36u and] horned , fll- 210 2-5m, 26-29m part 10, 219 26-29m, 32-33m, 40-41m, 43u are non-sitters 222 9-10m/9u bright blue 224 3-7m/4u produced] had , 14-17m 231 33-40m 234 40-42m 236 2-4m part 11, 248 l-5m, ll-13m 250 19-25m part 12 NB 269 Turkey 271 277 Fertility 280, 282 eggs Peacocks Q 285* 269 24-23m (Baird) 271 20-23m (Baird) 277 28-30m, 36-38m 280 28-20m 282 3-5m 285 22w five I eggs part 13 NB G7 part 14 NB 0/ part 15 SB Qß A The Poultry Book p.47 48 Cochins
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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Under the Blue Vault of Heaven: A Study of Charles Darwin's Sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands by Patrick Armstrong Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies and Geography Dept, University of Western Australia [page break
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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Under the Blue Vault of Heaven: A Study of Charles Darwin's Sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Patrick Armstrong Foreword by Carolyn Stuart, sometime Administrator of the Territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Patrick Armstrong 1991 Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009 ISBN 0 86422 121 5 [page i
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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therefore to argue that no action need be taken to preserve and protect the few which remain. Despite the changes the lagoon still dazzles the eye with its magnificent sweeps or irridescent blue, turquoise and green, causing us to wonder, as did Darwin, what processes brought it into being in this vast sea – this monument under the blue vault of heaven . This book gives us a rare insight and a fitting record of Darwin's progress toward an answer. Carolyn Stuart Canberra, ACTDecember 1989 Administrator
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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November 1835, as the ship billowed its way through the Low or Dangerous Archipelago (Tuamotu).3 He then spent several days at Tahiti investigating the barrier reefs there and climbed a high mountain; his diary account reads as follows: From this point there was a good view of the distant island of Eimeo On the lofty broken pinnacles white massive clouds were piled, which formed an island in the blue sky as Eimeo itself in the blue ocean. The island is completely encircled by a reef, with the exception
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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and 5.) Although the weather was fine that April morning – the log shows the symbol b or bc for blue sky or blue sky with passing clouds - the winds were light an variable in direction (force 1 or 2) and progress was slow. At 10.30am the ship altered course of WNW and trimmed her sails. An hour later all scuddy sails were taken in, and sails were again trimmed. At noon the position was noted as 12 15 S, 96 58 E by dead reckoning and 12 8 S, 97 01 E from instrumental observations, and the nearest
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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coral islets under the blue vault of heaven experienced in his early manhood. [page] 10
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies. [back cover] Charles Darwin spent 12 days at the Cocos (keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean during the Voyage of HMS Beagle in 1836. He explored many parts of the archipelago, and collected a large number of geological, plant and animal specimens. He paid particular attention to the form of the islands, and the
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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convict system, the grasping outlook of some of the British colonists, the isolation. The exquisite beauty of an unspoilt tropical island with its coral lagoon, the green palm trees silhouetted against the blue vault of heaven (as he put it in one of his more lyrical moments), the brilliance of the light, the almost unimaginable beauty of some of the corals and other creatures of reef and lagoon must have formed a striking contrast with the subdued green-greys of the Australian bush. Moreover
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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surrounding colour. The shallow, clear, and still water of the lagoon, resting in its greater part on white sand, is, when illuminated by a vertical sun, of the most vivid green. This brilliant expanse, several miles in width, is on all sides divided, either by a line of snow-white breakers from the dark heaving waters of the ocean, or from the blue vault of heaven by the strips of land, crowned by the level tops of the cocoa-nut trees. As a white could here and there affords a pleasing contrast with the
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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body legs is blue, but the upper side of the legs clouded with dull red. In the 'Voyage par un Officier du Roi' to the Isle of France there is an account of a crab which lives on Cocoa Nuts on a small island North of Madagascar: probably it is the same animal, but the account is very imperfect. Darwin here typically shows his fine eye for detail, taking the utmost care over describing the colours of organisms, adopts a comparative approach, as well as assuming appropriate scientific caution
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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; trunks of the sago palm; and various kinds of seeds unknown to the Malays who settled on the islands. These are all supposed to have been driven by the NW monsoon to the coast of New Holland, and thence to the islands by the SE trade-wind. Large masses of Java teak and Yellow wood have also been found, besides immense trees of red and white cedar, and the blue gum-wood of New Holland, in a perfectly sound condition. All the hardy seeds, such as creepers, retain their germinating power, but the
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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Foreword The sea is blue , wrote Paul Colinveaux1. This is a very odd thing because the sea is also wet and spread out under the sun . To explain this oddity, we must ask the right question – the Darwininan question. When we see a coral atoll in the middle of this sea, what better way to approach this oddity than through Darwin's mind? Patrick Armstrong takes us into the mind of the great scientist on his visit to the Cocos (Keeling) Island. We are with him as his ship swept in to the Cocos
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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brilliant blue of the lagoon, and the contrast between the green palms and the white sand, just as did the nineteenth century voyagers. In walking along the coral reefs, thrashing through the dense thickets of coconut palms, and watching the fish amongst the coral of the lagoon with photocopies of Darwin's [page] 1
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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amongst the canopies of the palm trees on the island a short distance away, before he turned in to his hammock. But Charles Darwin, and probably everyone else on board the Beagle, would have been up early on 12 April. The day was fine, with some clouds amidst the light blue of the early morning tropical sky; there was a light haze. The wind was quite strong (force 5), although it weakened somewhat later in the day, and the swell seems to have been less than for some days. Once or twice in the
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. To be sure, the parallel changes depend, if they are to occur at all, upon selection. It is also true, as Darwin points out, that selection alone could produce many similarities independently in closely related lineages. * Origin, pp. 146-147. But there is no contradiction. Darwin's search for laws of variation, and his attempt to reduce such laws to embryology, were manifestly guided by theoretical insight. For instance, it was a well-known empirical rule that white cats with blue eyes are
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing. [page i] By the same Author The Changing Landscape Discovering Ecology Discovering Geology Charles Darwin in Western Australia Under the Blue Vault of Heaven: a Study of Charles Darwin's Sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands [page ii
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing. [page i] By the same Author The Changing Landscape Discovering Ecology Discovering Geology Charles Darwin in Western Australia Under the Blue Vault of Heaven: a Study of Charles Darwin's Sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands [page ii
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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little ship had been at 52 20 S, with Cape Pembroke 103 miles away, just a little east of north. As the Beagle felt her way into Berkeley Sound for the first time, the weather was fine but cold. Patches of blue sky showed through the clouds. There had been squalls and showers within the last few hours, and adjustments to the sails had been made as requisite . At 1.30pm, sails were shortened, and the Beagle came to, with her bow in 10 fathoms, in Uranie Bay, on the south side of the Sound (Fig 2
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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little ship had been at 52 20 S, with Cape Pembroke 103 miles away, just a little east of north. As the Beagle felt her way into Berkeley Sound for the first time, the weather was fine but cold. Patches of blue sky showed through the clouds. There had been squalls and showers within the last few hours, and adjustments to the sails had been made as requisite . At 1.30pm, sails were shortened, and the Beagle came to, with her bow in 10 fathoms, in Uranie Bay, on the south side of the Sound (Fig 2
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A591
Pamphlet:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Charles Darwin's last island: Terceira, Azores, 1836. Geowest no. 27.
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Notes and References Introduction 1 Armstrong, P H, Charles Darwin in Western Australia: a young scientist's perception of an environment, Nedlands, University of Western Australia Press, 1985. Armstrong, P H, Darwin in Mauritius: natural history, landscape and society, Indian Ocean Review, 3(4), 11-13, 1990. Armstrong, P H, Three weeks at the Cape of Good Hope in 1836: Charles Darwin's African interlude, Indian Ocean Review, 4(2) 8-13, 19, 1991. Armstrong, P H, Under the blue vault of heaven
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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, however extensive the footnoting and referencing, editors can only to a modest extent show relationships to the broad sweep of Darwin's work. Other workers have concentrated on a particular incident in Darwin's life such as the conversion to an evolutionary outlook,9 or the bolt from the blue (Wallace's letter of 1858), bringing a wide range of archive and published materials to bear on a particular problem. Few previous enquirers have taken the archives to the field , and made exhaustive use of
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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. On 4 April the Adventure sailed, Lieutenant Chaffers in command, and two days later the Beagle followed. At 8.30am on the 6th, with a force 4 south-west breeze, in fine weather but with a number of clouds breaking up the blue, late autumn sky, the ship was unmoored, weighed anchor and made sail to 1st reef of Top sails, jib and fore top-mast stay-sail . Some adjustments were made to the sails at 10.00am in the face of a patch of squally, rainy weather. Darwin notes in his diary that the ship
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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parallel to the planes of stratification. The included organic remains are found in seams or beds between the Sandstone strata. in some case[s] the casts form the whole mass, in others they are imbedded in Sandstone, very often in a matrix of hard blue compact rock. The shells all belong to terebratula its subgenera; there are also different species of Entrochitus [some del] vestiges of some other remains the nature of which I could not ascertain. The beds of sandstone vary in thickness from two or
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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insects , Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Historical Series), 14 (1): 1 143, 24 September 1987. 8 P H Armstrong, 1985, Charles Darwin in Western Australia: a young scientist's perception of an environment, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands. , 1991, Under the blue vault of heaven: Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies, Nedlands. 9 See F J Sulloway, 1982 (Introduction, note 2). 10 D Lowenthal, 1961, Geography
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A591
Pamphlet:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Charles Darwin's last island: Terceira, Azores, 1836. Geowest no. 27.
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all dressed in a plain jacket trowsers [sic], without shoes or stockings; their heads are barely covered by a little blue cloth cap with two ears a border of red; this they lift in the most courteous manner to each passing stranger.2 But as well as the fine detail, Darwin saw the the whole picture, and the way in which a human community impacted on a landscape. See, for example his economical account of S o Miguel, quoted on page 22, or his description of the settled landscape north of Angra
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A591
Pamphlet:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Charles Darwin's last island: Terceira, Azores, 1836. Geowest no. 27.
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N and 27 03 W by dead reckoning (ie based on the estimated distance traversed, and course steered, since noon the day before), but 38 03 N and 27 39 W by instrument readings (sextant and chronometer). This placed the ship at a point from which the little harbour of Angra on the island of Terceira lay 41 nautical miles distant, on a bearing a little east of north. The wind was from the south-east, force 2. It was fine: white clouds drifted across a vivid blue sky. At 2.00pm the sails were trimmed
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Pamphlet:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Charles Darwin's last island: Terceira, Azores, 1836. Geowest no. 27.
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many current field guides. But many books published in the earlier decades of this century, and before, use it for the pied wagtail Motacilla abla (for which the names white, and Yarrell's wagtail have also been sometimes used in the past, although some authors attempted to use the names for different races). The name yellow water wagtail is known from The ornithology of Francis Willurghby (1678) for the yellow wagtail, M. flava;4 the name blue-headed wagtail is also used for some races of this
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Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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, however extensive the footnoting and referencing, editors can only to a modest extent show relationships to the broad sweep of Darwin's work. Other workers have concentrated on a particular incident in Darwin's life such as the conversion to an evolutionary outlook,9 or the bolt from the blue (Wallace's letter of 1858), bringing a wide range of archive and published materials to bear on a particular problem. Few previous enquirers have taken the archives to the field , and made exhaustive use of
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Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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. On 4 April the Adventure sailed, Lieutenant Chaffers in command, and two days later the Beagle followed. At 8.30am on the 6th, with a force 4 south-west breeze, in fine weather but with a number of clouds breaking up the blue, late autumn sky, the ship was unmoored, weighed anchor and made sail to 1st reef of Top sails, jib and fore top-mast stay-sail . Some adjustments were made to the sails at 10.00am in the face of a patch of squally, rainy weather. Darwin notes in his diary that the ship
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Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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parallel to the planes of stratification. The included organic remains are found in seams or beds between the Sandstone strata. in some case[s] the casts form the whole mass, in others they are imbedded in Sandstone, very often in a matrix of hard blue compact rock. The shells all belong to terebratula its subgenera; there are also different species of Entrochitus [some del] vestiges of some other remains the nature of which I could not ascertain. The beds of sandstone vary in thickness from two or
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Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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insects , Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Historical Series), 14 (1): 1 143, 24 September 1987. 8 P H Armstrong, 1985, Charles Darwin in Western Australia: a young scientist's perception of an environment, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands. , 1991, Under the blue vault of heaven: Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies, Nedlands. 9 See F J Sulloway, 1982 (Introduction, note 2). 10 D Lowenthal, 1961, Geography
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F1956
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1995. From Charles Darwin's portfolio: An early essay on South American geology and species. Earth Sciences History 14, no. 1: 23-36.
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Figure 1. Alexander Caldcleugh's Map of the Country between Buenos Ayres and the Pacific Ocean, with a Specification of the different Geological Formations. The five categories of geological formations listed in the legend include Primitive [pink], a very new Stalactiform Limestone [yellow], Red Marl [green], Pebbles Sand [salmon], and Clay [blue]. This photograph is courtesy of the Oliveira Lima Library of the Catholic University of America. (See note 26.) [page] 2
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Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1995. From Charles Darwin's portfolio: An early essay on South American geology and species. Earth Sciences History 14, no. 1: 23-36.
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: In Sicily Blue clay with do without shells Lyell. Vol. III. P. 64. Crystals of selenite some shells base of Etna. P 77.39 ___________________________ Compare the certain recent Elevations of Patagonia with Mr. Lyell map. of under water parts of Europe. for extent size. 40 _____________ The gravel over R. Negro plain is one of the re-depositions after some elevations: therefore much posterior to Shingle bed gr oyster: formation. Tosca plain coeval with it. Yet St. Fe limestone with similar
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Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1995. From Charles Darwin's portfolio: An early essay on South American geology and species. Earth Sciences History 14, no. 1: 23-36.
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Ayres and the Pacific Ocean, with a Specification of the different Geological Formations. The five categories of geological formations listed in the legend and colored on the map include Primitive [pink], a very new Stalactiform Limestone [yellow], Red Marl [green], Pebbles Sand [salmon], and Clay [blue]. 27. Tosca was the local name for a formation characteristic of the Pampas. Darwin noted its existence throughout his travel. He described its appearance at Buenos Aires in DAR 32.2:75, Darwin
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Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1995. From Charles Darwin's portfolio: An early essay on South American geology and species. Earth Sciences History 14, no. 1: 23-36.
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voyage. See Correspondence1:561.) There had been some uncertainty over the physical appearance of the Pampas cat. See Cuvier, Animal Kingdom 2:486-487 + plates. 39. Lyell, Principles 3:63-64 contains a description of the formations of Val di Noto, a district which intervenes between Etna and the southern promontory of Sicily. The lowest formation in the district is said to comprise Blue clay and gypsum, c. without shells. (See diagram, p. 64) Pp. 76-77 suggest a connection between the
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A783
Periodical contribution:
Smith, K. G. V. 1996. Supplementary notes on Darwin's insects. Archives of natural history 23 (2): 279-286.
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very pale blue nineteenth century Paris Museum label); Collection of the/Lyman Entomological Museum/and Research Laboratory/Ste Anne de Bellevue/Quebec, Canada (printed in black on white label). [page] 28
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A783
Periodical contribution:
Smith, K. G. V. 1996. Supplementary notes on Darwin's insects. Archives of natural history 23 (2): 279-286.
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d'Histoire naturelle) on his death, though the [identified?] Anthicidae supposedly went to Eugene Louis Bouvier (1856 1944). One can only assume that the Darwin specimen, unrecognized as such (and probably unidentified even to family) came to be in Canada by a exchange of material with the Paris Museum. Two Parry specimens of Hypaulax ampliata Bates (F.) (Tenebrionidae), bearing typical Voyage of the Beagle blue labels and like the above without data, were reported on in my previous account (Smith
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A347
Periodical contribution:
Keynes, Milo. 1998. The Portland Vase: Sir William Hamilton, Josiah Wedgwood and the Darwins. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 52 (2) (July): 237-259.
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Figure 8. Wedgwood bas-relief portrait of Josiah Wedgwood 1,1782. Medallion modelled by William Hackwood. (Wedgwood Museum) Besides Wedgwood's dissatisfaction with the shape of the Vase, there was the difficulty of its colour. He had already developed a black jasper, but it had a brown-black tinge quite different from the blue-black of the glass of the Vase, so he had to create a new jasper colour by using cobalt blue, that would stand the necessary heat of the oven without blistering, or
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Periodical contribution:
Keynes, Milo. 1998. The Portland Vase: Sir William Hamilton, Josiah Wedgwood and the Darwins. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 52 (2) (July): 237-259.
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had already made many purchases of Wedgwood's jasper ware.20,21 The Portland Vase (figures 3,4 and 5) The Portland Vase, of height 248 mm and diameter 177 mm, formed of cobalt-blue glass that looks black unless seen by transmitted light, has a decoration carved by gem engravers out of a second layer of opaque milky-white glass fused on the blue. It is a masterpiece of cameo-cutting thought to have been made early in the reign (27 bc-ad 14) of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, probably in Rome
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A345
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1999. An 1830s view from outside Switzerland: Charles Darwin on the "Beryl Blue" glaciers of Tierra del Fuego. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 92: 339-346.
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Fig. 2. Color Chart from Patrick Syme, Werner's Nomenclature of Colours (1821). The precise phrase beryl blue does not appear on the chart but the colors numbered 46, 51, 58 and 60 are all associated with Beryl in the minerals column. Fig. 3. Conrad Martens's painting Mount Sarmiento from Warp Bay. The painting originally appeared, reproduced in black and white, in FitzRoy 1839, vol. 2, facing p. 359. A color reproduction of the painting appears in Keynes 1979, p. 113. The pencil sketch from
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A345
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1999. An 1830s view from outside Switzerland: Charles Darwin on the "Beryl Blue" glaciers of Tierra del Fuego. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 92: 339-346.
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amidst the gloom. On 29 January 1833 Darwin first saw them as one of the small surveying boats entered the north arm of Beagle Channel. (Fig. 1) Darwin wrote in his small pocket field notebook on first sighting: many glaciers beryl blue most beautiful contrasted with snow (Barlow 1945: 175). The name for the color: beryl blue would seem to have been drawn from Werner's Nomenclature of Colours by Patrick Syme (1821), a book Darwin carried with him aboard the Beagle. Syme's chart represented a
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F1821
Periodical contribution:
Banks, M. R. and D. Leaman eds. 1999. Charles Darwin's Field Notes on the geology of Hobart Town - A modern appraisal. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 133(1): 29-50.
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below (see Challenges Disinterred ). Blue Limestone in old formation X12 12A 12-15 ft above present high water Before However the low land had formed Harbor considerable fetch Yet [a symbol like a Z with a vertical middle limb] these facts inclined me to believe, trifling rise Mr F. 12B oysters have all disappeared within 2 years Mem. Ascidia in Chiloe only known [?] with edible animals Earthquakes -------------------------------------------- Centre of Island lofty Greenstone divided by valley of
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F1821
Periodical contribution:
Banks, M. R. and D. Leaman eds. 1999. Charles Darwin's Field Notes on the geology of Hobart Town - A modern appraisal. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 133(1): 29-50.
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Strata of 3 varieties and their intermediate variations a white cherty rock with grains of quartz. 7E (3457) a blue, slightly Calcareous, siliceous Clay [inserted above not laminated] Slate [erasure] (3458) a brown rather softer do [ditto?] (3459) These two latter in places are softer and thinly laminated all three are composed of impressions of Betepora other 7F Coralline (Mem. Limestone of Argyl) some few 7G Terebratulae. I saw impressions of one Univalve a large 7H Bivalve Commentary 7A: The
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A345
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1999. An 1830s view from outside Switzerland: Charles Darwin on the "Beryl Blue" glaciers of Tierra del Fuego. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 92: 339-346.
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Herbert, Sandra. 1999. An 1830s View from Outside Switzerland: Charles Darwin on the Beryl Blue Glaciers of Tierra del Fuego. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 92: 339-346. [page] 339 0012-9402/99/030339-8 $1.50 + 0.20/0 Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 1999 Eclogae geol. Helv. 92 (1999) 339-346 An 1830s View from Outside Switzerland: Charles Darwin on the Beryl Blue Glaciers of Tierra del Fuego Sandra Herbert (Paper presented at the meeting of the International Commission on the History of Geological
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A345
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1999. An 1830s view from outside Switzerland: Charles Darwin on the "Beryl Blue" glaciers of Tierra del Fuego. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 92: 339-346.
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transported matter has been due to the ordinary moving power of water, often assisted by ice, and cooperating with the alternate upheaval and depression of land. Darwin's presentation of material related to the glaciers of Tierra del Fuego took two forms in the main body of text of his Journal of Researches. In Chapter 11, he recounted much of the material drawn from his Diary. (The color of the glaciers was now described as beryl-like blue, rather than beryl blue - a minor change.) He compared
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A345
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1999. An 1830s view from outside Switzerland: Charles Darwin on the "Beryl Blue" glaciers of Tierra del Fuego. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 92: 339-346.
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came into play (Rudwick 1974). In his long article (1839b) stemming from that research Darwin touched only briefly on the subject of glaciers. But, when he did, he included his own characterization of them - glaciers, the parents of icebergs and the second view, glaciers of the Alps that he can now imagine, not descending to some former sea, but as appendages on a greater mass of snow accumulated on far loftier chains. The beryl-blue glaciers of Tierra del Fuego were no longer the only models for
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F1821
Periodical contribution:
Banks, M. R. and D. Leaman eds. 1999. Charles Darwin's Field Notes on the geology of Hobart Town - A modern appraisal. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 133(1): 29-50.
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as pleasant as some (Comment 10A) but, compared to his excursions in South America and over the Blue Mountains from Sydney, they were probably pleasant and little. It can now be shown that on Monday, 8 February, Darwin took the ferry across the river, and then walked around the shoreline as far as Howrah, inland to Knopwood Hill and back to the ferry over Mornington Hill (Comments 2D to 4A), not, as thought earlier, up Flagstaff Hill. Syms Covington, who noted that he had accompanied Darwin
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A345
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra. 1999. An 1830s view from outside Switzerland: Charles Darwin on the "Beryl Blue" glaciers of Tierra del Fuego. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 92: 339-346.
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transmission of light. In emphasizing the visual, something of the bulk and weight of glaciers went unrecognized by Darwin. In his summary remarks to his Journal of Researches (p. 606), note how he separated glaciers from those spectacles that have geological power. He listed six remarkable spectacles : the stars of the southern hemisphere, the water-spout, the glacier leading its blue stream of ice in a bold precipice overhanging the sea, a lagoon island formed by coral, an active volcano, and an
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F1821
Periodical contribution:
Banks, M. R. and D. Leaman eds. 1999. Charles Darwin's Field Notes on the geology of Hobart Town - A modern appraisal. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 133(1): 29-50.
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. Earthquakes? ------------------------- Beyond these white beds we find ordinary Sandstones with current cleavage then 3B again appears The greenstone 3C ------------------------- Ascending the hills, some hundred ft behind the coast, we met with common Greenstone but the commonest rock is a Greenstone [above this (3453)] Syenite On the 3D summit there were gently inclined Strata of altered rocks Siliceous white, 3E blue Siliceo-porcelain rocks 3F (3449: 3450) 3451 Greenstone (?) poss. belonging
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F1821
Periodical contribution:
Banks, M. R. and D. Leaman eds. 1999. Charles Darwin's Field Notes on the geology of Hobart Town - A modern appraisal. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 133(1): 29-50.
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others to the nearest ten or hundred or thousand feet. He quoted the heights of the Blue Mountains west of Sydney accurately. He may have constructed a simple staff for use with the clinometer in measuring heights but, as far as we know, made no mention of measurements made by such a device. It seems likely in the absence of mention of a level in his list of instruments, that the heights he quoted for shell beds around the Derwent were estimated heights. When Darwin quoted directions, it was
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-zagged around in a 'baffling' wind in the channel between Tenerife and Gran Canaria, he wrote: [I]n the morning a most glorious view broke upon us. The sun was rising behind the Grand Canary defined with clearest outline its rugged form. Teneriffe, grey as yet from the morning mist, lay to the West: some clouds having floated past, the snowy peak was seen in all its grandeur. As the sun rose, it illumined this massive pyramid . . . relieved against the blue sky . . .14 The young naturalist's
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, there was a good view of the distant island of Eimeo [now Moorea] . . . On the lofty broken pinnacles white massive clouds were piled, which formed an island in the blue sky, as Eimeo itself in the blue ocean. The island is completely circled by a reef, with the exception of one small gateway. At this distance a narrow but well defined line of brilliant white, where the waves first encountered the wall of coral, was alone visible. Within this line was included the smooth glassy water of the
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(the log shows the symbols 'b' and 'be', for 'blue sky' and 'blue sky with passing clouds'), the winds were fickle; progress was slow, and sails had to be trimmed from time to time. At 2.00 p.m. a signal gun was fired for a pilot, and at 3.00 p.m. a ship's boat was sent ahead. An hour later, the log records, the 'pilot came on board'. Darwin recorded that 'Mr Liesk, an English resident, came off in his boat'. The latter assisted in bringing the ship to a safe anchorage in just under five
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air-cells, their brittle and burnt condition, closely resembled those fragments of primary rocks which are occasionally ejected . . . from volcanoes. These fragments consist of glassy albite, much mackled, with very imperfect cleavage, mingled with semi-rounded grains, having tarnished glassy surfaces of a steel-blue mineral . . .15 Whether at the scale of the whole landscape, the individual land-form, the rock hand-specimen, or the individual grain or crystal, Darwin's observation is superb. He
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not exist. He wrote: On the 3d of January we were occupied in looking for the 'Eight Stones'; but nothing was seen to indicate either rocks, or shoals or even shallow water. The sun was shining brightly on a deep blue sea, of one uniform colour: no soundings could be obtained; and had there been a shoal or a rock within seven miles of us at any hour of that day, it could not have passed unnoticed. So many vessels have searched, in vain, for this alleged group of rocks, that their existence can
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'in one abrupt rise from the water's edge to 14 or 1500 feet'. The slopes were covered in dense forest. Darwin also describes the remarkably straight and abrupt transition from the forest to the rocky, snowy land above: a situation that impresses the modern observer. 'Magnificent glaciers extended from the mountains to the water's edge', Darwin continued, impressed by the 'beryl blue' of the glaciers. On one occasion, however, while the group was admiring the face of a glacier, 'a large mass fell
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explore the islands of the Pacific. He was certainly looking forward to this part of the voyage. On New Year's Day 1835, after many months of poor, gloomy weather around the southern tip of South America, he wrote: The new year is ushered in with the Ceremonies proper to it in these regions: - she lays out no false hopes; a heavy NW gale with steady rain bespeaks the rising year. Thank God we shall not here see the end of it; but rather in the Pacific, where a blue sky does tell one, there is a
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13. New Zealand: Maoris and Missionaries The log of HM Surveying Sloop Beagle shows that she was within sight of the New Zealand coast in the early afternoon of 19 December 1835; the sky was blue, with a few white clouds, but there was a force 4 westerly breeze and progress was slow for the next couple of days. At one stage the ship was blown back eastwards many miles; later the vessel was becalmed at the mouth of the Bay of Islands. By late morning on 21 December, however, the Beagle was
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party started from the inn very early, crossing the Nepean River in a small ferry-boat, and began the ascent of the Blue Mountains, the road always bordered by the 'scrubby wood of small trees of the never-failing Eucalyptus family'. At lunch-time he recorded: 'we baited our horses at a little Inn called the Weatherboard'. While the horses were resting, Darwin followed a little valley with its tiny rill to the north and came upon a stupendous vista, which he wrote about lyrically and at
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, and walked over a good many miles of country. Everywhere we found the soil sandy and very poor; it supported either a low brushwood and wiry grass, or a forest of stunted trees. The scenery resembled the high sandstone platform of the Blue Mountains; the Casuarina (a tree somewhat resembling a Scotch Fir [Pinus sylvestris]) is, however, here in rather greater number, and the Eucalyptus rather less . . . The general bright green colour of the brushwood and other plants, viewed from a distance
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The Mystique and Myth of the Galapagos - and the Reality He describes the suite of volcanic forms and his exploration of them very lucidly: To the South of the Cove [Targus Cove] I found a most beautiful Crater, elliptic in form, less than a mile in its longer axis about 500 feet deep. Its bottom was occupied by a lake, out of which a tiny Crater formed an Island ... The ... lake looked blue clear. I hurried down the cindery side, choked with dust, to my disgust on tasting the water found it
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Darwin's Other Islands Chapter 9), the Beagle re-entered the Magellan Strait on 21 May; the ship surveyed her way through, pausing once or twice to take on water and firewood. It was midwinter, and in the relatively high latitudes the days were short for active work. It snowed and they again admired the magnificent snow-covered height of Mount Sarimento and saw glaciers reaching the sea, sometimes like frozen Niagaras. Darwin wrote of 'jagged points, cones of snow, blue glaciers, strong
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guiding his ship in the face of a brisk west-sou'west force 5 breeze, as she tacked up the long inlet of Berkeley Sound. Good progress had been made on the previous couple of days. The weather was fine but cold; patches of blue sky could be glimpsed through the clouds, although there had been squalls and showers in the previous few hours and adjustments had been made to the sails 'as requisite'. At 1.30 p.m. the sails were shortened and the Beagle came to on the south side of Berkeley Sound
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. The sandstone is fine grained and soft: it is often slaty, in which case it generally contains scales of mica . . . The included organic remains are found in seams or beds between the sandstone strata. In some cases the casts form the whole mass, in others they are embedded in sandstone, and very often in a matrix of hard blue compact rock. The shells belong to Terebratula and its subgenera; there are also species of Entrochitus and vestiges of some other remains the nature of which I could not
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morning of 21 November 1834, there was a force 4 breeze; it was slightly squally, the sails had to be frequently trimmed and adjusted, and white clouds pulled across a blue sky.1 'The island wore a pleasing aspect', wrote Darwin, 'with the sun shining brightly on the patches of cleared ground dusky green woods.' Later that evening, however, he recalled: 'we were convinced that it was Chiloe, by torrents of rain a gale of wind'. The next day or two saw many of the crew repairing sails and
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splendidly clear', and the view toward the north-east and east, the Cordillera standing out against the blue sky, was magnificent. Darwin recorded: The volcano of Osorno was spouting out volumes of smokes; this most beautiful mountain, formed like a perfect cone white with snow, stands out in front of the cordillera. Another great volcano, with a saddle shaped summit, also emitted from its immense crater little jets of steam or white smoke. Subsequently we saw the lofty-peaked Corcobado
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which he had stayed in the summer of 1831 with Professor Sedgwick, just before he embarked. Very early on the morning of 18 January they covered the few miles to Govett's Leap, a view that Darwin considered 'similar . . . perhaps even more stupendous' than that at Wentworth Falls. Early in the day 'the gulf was filled with a thin blue haze . . . which added to the apparent depth'. In his geological notes Darwin wrote: 'The Geologist is immediately astonished at the enormous amount of matter
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7 am glad that we have visited these Islands': The Cocos (Keeling) Atoll a most vivid green. This brilliant expanse, which is several miles wide, is on all sides divided from the dark heaving water of the ocean by a line of breakers, or from the blue vault of Heaven by the strips of land, crowned at an equal height by the tops of Cocoa nut trees. As in the sky here there a white cloud affords a pleasing contrast, so in the lagoon dark bands of living Coral are seen through the emerald green
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blue, but the upper side of the legs clouded with dull red. In the 'Voyage par un Officier du Roi' to the Isle of France [Mauritius] there is an account of a crab which lives on Cocoa Nuts in a small island North of Madagascar: probably it is the same animal, but the account is very imperfect. . . . Mr Liesk informs me that the crabs with swimming plates to posterior claw employ this tool in excavating burrows in the fine sand and mud that he has repeatedly watched the process.16 In this account
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the estimated distance travelled, and the course steered since the previous observation), but 38°03'N, 27°39'W by instrument readings (sextant and chronometer). This placed the ship at a point from which the little port of Angra on the island of Terceira was 41 miles distant, on a bearing a little east of north. The wind was from the south-east, force 2. It was fine: white clouds drifted across a blue sky. At 2.00 p.m. the sails were trimmed; further adjustments were made an hour later and again
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... crater degradation'. The black lavas 'with crystals of glassy feldspar' he thought were similar to some on St James Island (Santiago) in the Galapagos. Here is his account of the costume of some of the country people: 'The men boys are all dressed in a plain jacket trowsers [sic], without shoes or stockings; their heads are barely covered by a little blue cap with two ears a border of red; this they lift in the most courteous manner to each passing stranger.'7 He compared the way of life of the
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A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
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); thenca [Esp.] (for Nesomimus). – TURDIDAE: thrush, Turdus (for Turdus). – EMBERIZIDAE: Fringilla [in errore] (for Ammodramus, Zonotrichia, Phrygilus, Diuca, Poospiza, Embernagra, Geospiza, Camarhynchus, Thraupis); sparrow [sensu American sparrows] (for Zonotrichia); blue sparrow (for Phrygilus alaudinus); Emberiza (for Melanodera, Sicalis); Icterus [in errore] (for Geospiza); grosbeak [in errore] (for ? Camarhynchus); Sylvia [in errore], wren [in errore] (for Certhidea); [Darwin's names not
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A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
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Nesomimus). TURDIDAE: thrush, Turdus (for Turdus). EMBERIZIDAE: Fringilla [in errore] (for Ammodramus, Zonotrichia, Phrygilus, Diuca, Poospiza, Embernagra, Geospiza, Camarhynchus, Thraupis); sparrow [sensu American sparrows] (for Zonotrichia); blue sparrow (for Phrygilus alaudinus); Emberiza (for Melanodera, Sicalis); Icterus [in errore] (for Geospiza); grosbeak [in errore] (for ? Camarhynchus); Sylvia [in errore], wren [in errore] (for Certhidea); [Darwin's names not traced for Aimophila
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A27b
Book:
Freeman, R. B. 2007. Charles Darwin: A companion. 2d online edition, compiled by Sue Asscher.
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Lyell, evidently a thoughtful man —LLii 376. May, Jonathan, 1800-? Petty Officer. Carpenter on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Boat builder, built several and maintained all Beagle's boats. Mayor, Mrs 1882 Jan. Headmistress of Greville House School, Paddington, London, where ED was for a year. Mays, J. Aldous 1862 M took shorthand notes of Huxley's six lectures to working men, delivered at the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn St, London. These were used for the six blue pamphlets, issued at 4d each. 1863
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A27b
Book:
Freeman, R. B. 2007. Charles Darwin: A companion. 2d online edition, compiled by Sue Asscher.
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now part of Biological Sciences building of University College London, which bears the London County Council blue plaque to Charles Darwin Naturalist , which was originally on the house. The present plaque with different wording was put up 1961. Garden part of Foster Court car park in 1978. Upper House, Barlaston, Staffordshire. 1847 Built as home of Francis Wedgwood. Ur-hund, see Polly. [page] 28
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A27b
Book:
Freeman, R. B. 2007. Charles Darwin: A companion. 2d online edition, compiled by Sue Asscher.
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, Galapagos Is, James I. Thraupis bonariensis darwini (Gould), Darwin's tanager, blue and yellow tanager; Tanagra darwini is a junior synonym. Turbonilla darwiniensis Laseron, small turk's head gastropod. Institutions: 1964 Darwin College, Cambridge: 1964 Jul. 28 founded for postgraduate and postdoctorate students. First buildings were conversions of Newnham Grange and the Old Granary, home of Sir George Howard D. 1931 Darwin College . Occurs with Huxley College in Marx Brothers film Monkey business
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A27b
Book:
Freeman, R. B. 2007. Charles Darwin: A companion. 2d online edition, compiled by Sue Asscher.
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. Wallace placed next to it 1915 Nov. 1. 1904, 1961 London, 110 Gower St, G.L.C., blue plaque erected 1904 Dec. 13 CHARLES DARWIN / NATURALIST / LIVED HERE / 1838-1842, first date was wrong, should be 1839. Present plaque, on Biological Sciences Building (1982 changed to Darwin Building), University College London, erected 1961 perpetuates error. 1981 Darwin, Inyo Co., Calif, bronze plaque erected 1981 Oct. 10 in memory of the naming circa 1875, and of Erasmus Darwin French. Downe Church, Kent
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A578
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra, Gibson, Sally, Norman, David, Giest, Dennis, Estes, Greg, Grant, Thalia and Miles, Andrew. 2009. Into the field again: re-examining Charles Darwin's 1835 geological work on Isla Santiago (James Island) in the Galápagos Archipelago. Earth Sciences History 28, no. 1: 1-31.
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-grey with small crystals of feldspar (zoned from potash-oligoclase to anorthoclase) visible to the naked eye (pp. 46^47). Phenocrysts of augite, blue-green and also brown hornblende (cossyrite) together with yellow fayalitic olivine. Aegirine-augite present in the groundmass. NW Highlands (860m) Cerro Pelado Grey-green colour. Mainly sodic plagioclase and alkali feldspar (Andesine-Anorthoclase, An34_i3), yellow fayalitic olivine (Fo2o), a blue-green (Ferro-edenite) and also a brown amphibole
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A578
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra, Gibson, Sally, Norman, David, Giest, Dennis, Estes, Greg, Grant, Thalia and Miles, Andrew. 2009. Into the field again: re-examining Charles Darwin's 1835 geological work on Isla Santiago (James Island) in the Galápagos Archipelago. Earth Sciences History 28, no. 1: 1-31.
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increase in the silica content of the magma. This increase in silica is often shown by the colour of fine-grained rocks, which changes from black (basalt) to blue/grey (trachybasalt or trachyandesite) to pale-green (trachyte). (Images courtesy of D. Simons.) 21 [page] 2
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A578
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra, Gibson, Sally, Norman, David, Giest, Dennis, Estes, Greg, Grant, Thalia and Miles, Andrew. 2009. Into the field again: re-examining Charles Darwin's 1835 geological work on Isla Santiago (James Island) in the Galápagos Archipelago. Earth Sciences History 28, no. 1: 1-31.
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olivine-basalt Buccaneer Cove Red oxidized vesicular olivine basalt containing large crystals of plagioclase feldspar and altered olivine in a very fine-grained groundmass. Alteration of the olivine gives rise to the red specks in hand specimen CD3278 (32581) 07DSG01? S0°10.033' W90°49.567' Brown, smally cellular Trachyte with blue iridescent patches of Olivine could not measure F. Specimen has colourless augite with yellow rims; seen as an important mineral, p. 50. Resorbed plagioclase
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A578
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra, Gibson, Sally, Norman, David, Giest, Dennis, Estes, Greg, Grant, Thalia and Miles, Andrew. 2009. Into the field again: re-examining Charles Darwin's 1835 geological work on Isla Santiago (James Island) in the Galápagos Archipelago. Earth Sciences History 28, no. 1: 1-31.
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we collected from the top of the bluff, immediately below the summit ridge. 07DSG42 contains phenocrysts of alkali and plagioclase, yellow fayalitic olivine (Fo20), clinopyroxene together with both a brown and also blue-green amphibole. The petrography and mineral chemistry of 07DSG42 are very nearly identical to CD3268 (Table 2). 8 Note that in both his field notes and Volcanic Islands Darwin referred to the 'Mineralogical composition of the rocks'. He is more precise about the compositions of
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A578
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, Sandra, Gibson, Sally, Norman, David, Giest, Dennis, Estes, Greg, Grant, Thalia and Miles, Andrew. 2009. Into the field again: re-examining Charles Darwin's 1835 geological work on Isla Santiago (James Island) in the Galápagos Archipelago. Earth Sciences History 28, no. 1: 1-31.
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structure, their freedom from air-cells, their brittle and burnt condition, closely resembled those fragments of primary rocks which are occasionally ejected, as at Ascension, from volcanoes. These fragments consist of glassy albite, much mackled, and with very imperfect cleavages, mingled with semi-rounded grains, having tarnished, glossy surfaces, of a steel-blue mineral. The crystals of albite are coated by a red oxide of iron, appearing like a residual substance; and their cleavage-planes also are
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A669
Periodical contribution:
Wyhe, John van. 2009. Darwin vs. God. BBC History Magazine 10, No. 1 (January): 26-31.
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were confronted with one of the leading men of science of the day publishing a work that purported to establish that, contrary to An engraving of the Blue and Yellow Tanager, taken from Darwin's Zoology of the Voyage of the HMS Beagle (Part 3 Birds, 1838) long-held belief, new species were not somehow created in each new geological age to fit the new conditions. Instead, they were the lineal descendants of earlier species. These had gradually changed as the environment changed around them. Thus
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A194
Periodical contribution:
Darwin in Argentina. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 64, no. 1 (February 2009): 1-180.
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(1996). Note that when the avalanche is compacted and melting starts, the pebbles are concentrated in the upper part, where they are slowly cemented by the products of the thermal spring. Compare stage 2 and 3 with the ice bridges of figure 7. As established by Rubio et al. (1993), the precipitation of carbonates and sulphates is controlled by the presence of cyanobacteria. These blue-green algae produce thin layers of carbonates coating the surface. The hot water flux is linked to the amount of
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