A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

, on the Falls turnpike; its crystals, sometimes 5 inches in length, are usually pale green, rarely blue, and imbedded in a micaceous rock; sometimes in loose masses, composed chiefly of Cyanite, connected by quartz; it is sometimes associated with staurotide, garnets, and magnetic iron; also on the same road 7 miles from Baltimore both crystallized and massive. (GILMOR. HAYDEN.) In Pennsylvania, in Chester Co. sometimes in masses of united crystals a foot in length, of a pale blue color

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

added to its solution in nitric acid, a pale blue precipitate is produced; but, unless copper be present, this blue changes in a few hours to violet, and, on the addition of an acid, the violet gives place to apple green. It usually occurs as a crust or efflorescence on arsenical nickel, or on the ores of cobalt, or is disseminated in certain earths. It will be recollected, that this oxide colors the chrysoprase, and exists in the green earth, which envelopes that mineral. This oxide, in many cases

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

with whitish spots or veins. But, when held in certain positions, in regard both to the eye and the incident light, it reflects a very lively and beautiful play of colors, embracing almost every shade of green and blue, and several shades of yellow, red, gray, and brown. These colors, or their intermediate shades, are usually confined to certain spots, and even the same spot changes its colors in different positions, as from blue to green. These reflections appear to arise from some alteration

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

IV. The Colouring or Soiling. Minerals colour either strongly, as in scaly red and brown iron-ores, and porcelain earth; or slightly, as in black cobalt-ochre. V. The Adhesion to the Tongue. This character occurs only in those friable minerals which are cohering. It varies in intensity, being either feeble or strong. VI. The Friability. Friable minerals are either loose, that is, when the particles have no perceptible coherence, as in blue iron-earth; or cohering, in which the particles are

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

Blockish lead-grey. Is common lead-grey mixed with a little black. Examples, silver-glance or sulphurated silver, and copper-glance or vitreous copper-ore. b. Bluish-grey is ash-grey mixed with a little blue, or is lead-grey without metallic lustre. Examples, hornstone and limestone. c. Pearl-grey is pale bluish-grey intermixed with a little red. It passes into lavender-blue. Examples, quartz, porcelain jasper, crystallised horn-stone, and a very pale variety of pearl. d. Smoke-grey is dark

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

ing variety, but in possessing a metallic lustre. Examples, native copper and. copper-nickel. h. Carmine-red is the characteristic colour. Example, spinel, articularly in thin splinters. i. Cochineal-red is carmine-red mixed with bluish-grey. Examples, dark-red cinnabar and red copper-ore. k. Crimson-red is carmine-red mixed with a considerable portion of blue. Example, oriental ruby. l. Columbine-red is carmine-red, with more blue than the preceding variety, and, what is characteristic for

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

is an obliquo four-sided prism, truncated on the obtuse lateral edges: Peri-octahedral blue vitriol or sulphat of copper, Pl lxxii. Fig 105. HAUY, which is the oblique four sided prism truncated on all the lateral edges: Peri-decahedral blue vitriol or sulphat of copper, Pl lxxii. Fig. 106. HAUY; the prism truncated on the obtuse lateral edges, and bevelled on the acute lateral edges: And peri dodecahedral emerald, Fig. 35. Syst. Min. which is a six-sided prism truncated on all the lateral

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

a. Phosphorescence, There are two kinds of this phenomenon: in the one there is but a single colour, which is either white or red; in the other, there are many different colours, with a very bright light, as we observe in fluor-spar and apatite. b. The colour of the flame. Thus, Celestine, or sulphate of strontian, colours the blue part of the flame of the lamp pale red. ii. Appearances which are associated with permanent changes of the mineral, A. Changes which do not affect the form of the

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

phosphoresce; and certain dark blue fluates of lime from Cumberland, England, yield no light whatever. (BOURNON.) The color of the light is variable, being green, blue, yellow, reddish, c. and may even change during the experiment according to the degree of heat or some other circumstance.* * In a paper, communicated to the National Institute of France in 1810, by M. Dessaignes, it is asserted, that, when bodies phosphoresce by an increase of temperature, the color of the light is always blue

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

This mineral has also been found in the stream of Expailly, near Puy, in France; and near Bilin in Bohemia. (Uses and Remarks.) Beside its well known use, as an article of ornament, it is employed for jewelling the pallets of escapements, and the holes of wheel pivots in astronomical clocks and watches. The red sapphire is most highly esteemed, its value being sometimes equal to that of a diamond of the same size, and estimated at above 1000 guineas. The blue has the second, and the yellow

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

remarkably well characterized. Appendix to compact Feldspar. BLUE FELDSPAR OF STIRIA. It is very doubtful whether this mineral belongs to Feldspar, from which it differs in specific gravity, fusibility, and composition. Its texture is usually compact with an uneven or splintery fracture, but sometimes a little foliated. Its lustre is feeble. It scratches glass, but is less hard than quartz; and is commonly translucent at the edges only. Its color is sky blue, often pale, or even bluish white. Its

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

brown oxide of iron, and sometimes with the ores of other metals. The azure and green Carbonates of copper are sometimes intimately mixed in the same specimen. Indeed certain crystals, originally blue, have in some instances become green, in consequence of some chemical change. (HAUY.) (Remarks.) The Turkois or Turquoise, a substance originally brought from Turkey, has a blue, greenish blue, or pale green color, and has generally been supposed to be the teeth or bones of animals, impregnated with

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

this species, and which are composed chiefly of oxide of copper and arsenic acid, do in fact belong to the same species. A permanent difference in the degree of oxidation of the copper, or the presence or absence of water may yet show, that this species ought to be divided into two or more distinct species. Its predominant colors are green and blue of different shades, either pale or deep, and sometimes intermixed; sometimes also the green is more or less contaminated with shades of brown or

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

nearly silver white, brittle, and very hard; and to have a spec. grav. of about 8.6. The action of sulphuric acid converts this metal into an indigo blue or greenish blue oxide; and this blue oxide is by nitric add converted into a yellowish white powder, which is Molybdic acid. The metallic molybdates display various colors, some of which are lively and permanent, and will probably become useful in the art of dying. This genus contains but one species. SPECIES 1. SULPHURET OF MOLYBDENA.* Its color

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

been hitherto described by naturalists. 1. Massive, as in porcelain-earth, and scaly red and brown iron-ores. 2. Disseminated, as in earthy azure copper-ore, and blue iron-earth. 3. Thinly coating or incrusting. It is analogous to the form in membranes. Examples, Copper-black, or black oxide of copper. [page] 26

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

characteristic colour: thus snow-white is the characteristic colour of white; ash-grey, of grey; velvet-black, of black; Berlin-blue, of blue; emerald-green, of green; lemon-yellow, of yellow; carmine-red, of red; and chesnut-brown, of brown. Having thus established eight characteristic colours, he next defined and arranged the most striking subordinate varieties. The definitions were obtained principally by ocular examination, which enables us speedily to detect the different colours of which the

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

by the blowpipe towards the mineral, assumes the form of a cone, whose sides, however, are not very well defined. But within this flame appears a second conical flame, well defined, and of a blue color; and it is at the vertex of this second cone, that the greatest heat exists. In many cases it is expedient to heat the mineral at the vertex of the outer cone, before it is exposed to the intense heat of the blue flame. 151. Much depends on the size of the fragment to be melted, and on that of

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

Newhaven marble. The texture of this very beautiful marble is granular, but very fine. Its predominant colors are gray or blue, richly variegated by veins or clouds of white, black, or green; indeed the green often pervades a large mass. It takes a high polish, and endures the action of fire remarkably well. This marble contains chromate of iron, magnetic oxide of iron, and serpentine; hence it resembles the vert antique, and is perhaps the only marble of the kind hitherto discovered in

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

transparent, sometimes translucent, and the milk white variety is opaque. It is sometimes limpid as quartz; but its prevailing color is yellow, often pale, sometimes tinged with red, orange, or green, and thence passing to red or a pale green, greenish blue, or greenish white and even to gray and white. (Chemical characters.) Before the blowpipe it is infusible. By the compound blowpipe, in which the flame of burning hidrogen is urged by a stream of oxigen gas, the Saxon Topaz melts with ebullition into

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

milk white, often slightly tinged with blue, like milk much diluted with water, or yellowish white; but, when viewed by transmitted light, it usually appears reddish or yellowish, sometimes presenting the appearance of flame. It also presents a very lively and irised play of colors, consisting of green, red, blue, yellow, and purple of various shades, and differently assorted, according to the varying position of the mineral. Sometimes only one color is reflected. This Opal is traversed in all

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

is employed in polishing metals, stones, and glass. The Venetian Tripoli comes from the isle of Corfu, is slaty, yellowish red, and of a very good quality. That of Derbyshire is highly esteemed. It may be artificially prepared by calcining some argillites. SPECIES 15. PORCELLANITE.* KIRWAN. It presents various shades of gray, red, yellow, and blue, as pearl or bluish gray, brick red, c. and is sometimes brown, greenish, or nearly black. These colors, or their different shades, are sometimes in

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

of a flower. It is more or less translucent, sometimes nearly or quite opaque, and presents a great variety of colors. Among these are white, tinged with gray, yellow, green, or red; gray, often with a shade of blue, several shades of red, as flesh or blood red; to which must be added green, yellow, brown, or even black. This variety is very abundant, and constitutes an essential ingredient of granite, gneiss, syenite, and greenstone. Of granite and syenite it sometimes forms two thirds of the

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

it; and even the nitro-muriatic has but a very feeble action. It, however, becomes oxidated by fusion with potash or soda; and this oxide is soluble in the sulphuric, muriatic, or nitric acid. The first two acids give green solutions, which become blue by dilution with water; but the nitric solution, when concentrated, is red. All these solutions give, by the addition of an alkali, a precipitate of the same color as the solution. Its name was suggested by the variety of colors, it exhibits

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

exhibits. This Carbonate resembles the azure phosphate of iron; but the latter becomes darker or brownish in oil, and by the blowpipe is converted into a scoria, obedient to the magnet. Var. 1. EARTHY AZURE CARBONATE OF COPPER.* Its Color is pale, or nearly smalt blue. It occurs in thin coats, or small friable masses, composed of dull earthy particles. It appears to be rendered impure by earthy substances. (Geological sit. and Localities.) This species occurs only in small quantities, either

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

blue prussiate of iron. A fragment, supposed to be an ore of iron, may be examined by gradually roasting it in a platina spoon, and then exposing it, mixed with some fatty substance, on charcoal to the greatest heat of the blowpipe; if the globule, thus obtained, embraces iron even in small quantity, it will be magnetic. But, as both cobalt and nickel are also magnetic, this globule may be dissolved in muriatic acid, and, if it contain iron, the prussiate of potash and iron will produce a blue

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

abundant, and the odor more striking. It often melts with ease, and always colors borax blue. When immersed in nitric acid, it almost instantly produces a considerable effervescence. It has not been accurately analyzed; but, in addition to cobalt and arsenic, it is said, that iron, silver, nickel, c. are sometimes present. (Distinctive characters.) Its granular or nearly compact texture, and the odor of garlic, which it exhales by exposure to the flame of a candle only, distinguish it from gray

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

sides of the pyramid and sometimes by eight triangular faces. The crystals are small; their surface has a strong lustre, nearly metallic, and is marked with feeble transverse stri . Its colors are indigo or blackish blue, brown or blackish brown, and sometimes pass to dark reddish or yellowish brown. Those varieties, which appear dark brown in certain positions, exhibit a metallic gray, when favorably situated to reflect the light. It is opaque, or translucent, and sometimes nearly transparent

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

preceding example, unless the same base be capable of furnishing two acids. When this is the case, the two acids differ from each other by containing different proportions of oxigen; and the name of that acid, which contains the smaller proportion of oxigen, terminates with the syllable ous, as sulphurous acid. Hence the sulphurous acid, by the addition of oxigen, passes to the sulphuric. Some acids exist in the state of a gas; some are liquid; and others are solid. They change a vegetable blue

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

-calcareous Oxide of Titanium. 39. Octaedral Oxide of Titanium. PLATE VI. Geological map of the United States. In this map, geological boundaries are applied to the geographical map, recently published by Cummings and Hilliard. Alluvial Deposites are painted gamboge yellow. Primitive Rocks vermillion red. Transition Rocks rose red. Secondary Rocks pale blue. Where no color is applied, the limits are uncertain, or rather the rocks, belonging to the two contiguous classes, are more or less intermixed. 82

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

, ten or twelve sided prisms. Crystals in which the primitive form is a regular six-sided prism, are also named peri dodecahedral, when the six lateral planes are truncated. Examples, Peri-hexahedral blue vitriol or sulphat of copper, Pl. lxxii. Fig. 104. HAUY*, which B b * The Figures here referred to are those in HAUY's System of Mineralogy. [page] 19

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

alum and rock-butter. 3. Styptic, blue and green vitriol. 4. Saltly bitter, natural Epsom salt. 5. Saltly cooling, nitre. 6. Alkaline, natural soda. 7. Urinous, natural sal-ammoniac L l [page] 26

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

Emerald precious 274 Emeraude 274 Emeril 196 Emery 196 Enamel volcanic 631 English red 381 Epidote 297 manganesian 299 Epsom salt 182 Erbsenstein 165 Erd ;l 390 392 Erdpech 393 Etain oxid 525 pyriteux 528 sulfur 528 Euclase 278 F. Faces lateral and terminal 24 Fahlerz 455 Feder erz 562 Feldspar 265 aventurine 269 blue 270 common 266 compact 270 granular 269 green 267 opalescent 268 Felsite 270 Fer arseniat 506 arsenical 475 chromat 506 magnetique 582 micac 488 natif 473 oligiste 485, 488 oxid

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

208 arenaceous 214 aventurine 213 blue 212 common 210 ferruginous 217 fetid 218 granular 214 greasy 213 irised 212 limpid 211 milky 213 pseudomorphous 214 radiated 213 rose red 212 smoky 212 tabular 213 yellow 212 Quartz-agathe arboris 236 ag. calc dome 219 ag. cornaline 221 ag. grossier 230 ag. molaire 232 ag. onyx 234 ag. panach 236 ag. ponctu 236 ag. prase 223 ag pyromaque 227 ag. sardoine 222 ag. xylo de 237 Quartz ferrugineux 217 Quartz-hyalin aventurin 213 hy. chatoyant 219 hy. concr tionn

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

381 Unctuosity 47 Urane micac 581 noir 580 oxid 581 oxidul 580 Uran glimmer 581 Uran mica 581 ochre 582 Uranium 580 V. Vake 287 Variegated copper 454 Variolie 619 Veins 594 Verde antico 154 Vert antique 349 Vert de cuivre 463 Vesuvian 255, 301 Vitreous copper 450 Vitriol blue 461 white 535 Volcanic productions 627 Vulcanian theory 591 Vulcanists 591 W. Wacke 287 Wad black 547 Walker erde 378 Wasserblei 568 Wavellite 197 Weisserz 476 Weissg ltigerz 512 Weigskupfererz 457 Wernerian theory 591

A911    Beagle Library:     Jameson, Robert. 1816. A treatise on the external, chemical and physical characters of minerals. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co.   Text

of botany which are termed natural. This character may also be advantageously used in giving correct ideas of the changes of colour which plants experience by cultivation, or when removed from their natural soil and climate. These changes have probably determinate ranges in each species; thus, some run through certain red and blue varieties, others through red and yellow, and some through white, red and grey; and in others, the change does not extend beyond varieties of one colour. Some colours

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

in general strongly translucent, and sometimes even transparent and limpid. Its color is commonly gray or white, often tinged with other colors; but it also presents certain shades of red, blue, violet, brown, green, or yellow, all arising from impurities. Its spec. gravity is 2.14. In the fire it decrepitates. In the air it is not deliquescent, unless it contain muriate of magnesia or some other deliquescent salt. Pure Muriate of soda is composed of soda 53.00, muriatic acid 38.88, water 8.12

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

characters of this well known salt in its purified state. It has an alkaline or soapy taste, and changes the vegetable blue to green; it is of course a sub-borate. It does not effervesce with acids. A specimen of tincal, analyzed by Klaproth, yielded soda 14.5, boracic acid 37.0, water 47.0; 98.5. (Geological remarks and Localities.) This salt appears to be found at the bottom of certain lakes, or to exist in their waters, having probably been extracted by the water from contiguous earths. In some parts

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

, on the western bank of the Missisippi, in tabular crystals. (MEADE.) In North Carolina, in Buncomb Co. in argillaceous slate. In Virginia, at Austin's lead mine, on the great Kanhaway; at Fincastle, c. In Maryland, at Liberty, in Frederick Co. with gray copper; also in Washington Co. In Pennsylvania, at the Perkiomen lead mine, 25 m. west from Philadelphia; also in large quantities in secondary rocks at the west foot of the Blue Ridge, Bedford Co. (WISTER.) In New Jersey, near Newton, Sussex Co

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

, produced by truncation, are often longitudinally striated, and the terminal edges are sometimes very deeply truncated. The prisms are generally short, and sometimes even tabular. Its fracture, parallel to the base, is foliated, but, in the direction of the sides, it is uneven, or imperfectly conchoidal. It is translucent, sometimes almost opaque, and sometimes nearly or quite transparent and limpid. This mineral exhibits a great variety of colors, belonging to white, green, blue, yellow, red

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

, has found it, both limpid and violet, apparently in rolled pieces, on the banks of the Missouri. (SILLIMAN.) In Virginia, near Woodstock or Miller's town, Shenandoah Co. in small, loose masses in the fissures of a limestone, containing shells. (BARTON.) In Maryland, on the west side of the Blue Ridge, with sulphate of * Chaux fluat e compacte. HAUY. BRONGNIART. Dichter Fluss. WERNER. Compact Fluor. JAMESON. Chaux fluat e terreuse. HAUY BRONGNIART. Fluss crde WERNER. Chaux fluat e aluminif re HAUY

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

lies between 2.71 and 2.84. It is more or less translucent, but, in the dark colored varieties, at the edges only. Its color is most commonly white or gray, often snow white, and sometimes grayish black. It also presents certain shades of blue, green, red, or yellow. Most frequently the colors are uniform, but sometimes variegated in spots, veins, or clouds, arising from the intermixture of foreign substances. * K ;rniger kalkstein. WERNER. Chaux carbonat e saccaro de. HAUY. BRONGNIART. Foliated

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

or brownish; but it contains fragments of shells, having a pearly lustre, sometimes irised, and sometimes reflecting an orange red, or green, or blue light. Another interesting variety of marble is sometimes called Florence marble, from having been found near that city. Its color is usually yellowish gray, marked with various figures of a brownish or darker yellow, which exhibit a representation of houses, towers, and in fact of a city in ruins, with clouds and sky in the back ground. (Marbre

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

side of the Blue Ridge, and Wier's cave, about 15 miles from Staunton, Augusta Co. both in Virginia; also Hughes' cave, in Washington Co. Maryland. (Uses.) When any of these concretions, but more particularly the stalagmite, becomes large and is susceptible of a good polish, it is employed in the arts under the name of alabaster or calcareous alabaster. And, although this alabaster and marble are composed of the same ingredients, it is not, in general, difficult to recognise the former by its

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

; the Brazilian a deeper yellow, sometimes tinged with red, or is entirely red; and the Siberian Topaz is usually colorless, white, pale greenish blue, or greenish white, the last of which is the predominant color of the Topaz of Scotland.* SUBSPECIES 1. PYCNITE. HAUY. BRONGNIART. This mineral, though sometimes in hexaedral prisms, nearly regular, most frequently appears in long, irregular prisms or cylinders, longitudinally striated, and united, parallel to each other, in bundles. It slightly

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

chromic acid or the oxide of iron, as coloring matters. SUBSPECIES 1. RUBY.* It is almost always crystallized in octaedrons, sometimes a little modified. Its color usually presents some shade of red, as scarlet, cochineal, rose, violet, cherry, or yellowish red, but is sometimes dark blue or blackish. Its fracture, parallel to the sides of the octaedron, is foliated, but its cross fracture is more or less conchoidal; its lustre is vitreous and splendent. It is often translucent, but may be

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

or epidote. But the uniform diffusion of its color distinguishes it from that quartz, which is colored by chlorite; for the chlorite either adheres, as a crust, or appears to be suspended in the interior. In Saxony it is found in a metallic bed, accompanied by actynolite, c. (Localities.) In the United States. In Maryland, near Baltimore also in Washington Co. west side of the Blue Ridge, in masses scattered on the surface. (HAYDEN.) In Massachusetts, at Brighton and West-Cambridge, and appears

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

Though sometimes nearly white, its more common color is gray, more or less shaded with blue, yellow, green, brown, red, c. Sometimes its colors appear in stripes, veins, circles, clouds, spots, c. and those, which are very dark, often become blood red, when viewed by transmitted light. It occurs in amorphous masses, sometimes rolled, but more frequently under some imitative form, as globular, reniform, botryoidal, stalactical, c. The surface is often rough or uneven. Its fracture is usually

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

. Its color is white, either pure, or tinged with yellow, gray, or blue. It is sometimes opaque, and has a pearly or milky aspect; at other times it is nearly semitransparent. Its spec. gravity, sometimes 2.11, varies with its structure. (Localities.) These concretions frequently occur in volcanic countries, abounding with hot springs, as in Iceland, the isle of Ischia, * Quartz agathe sardoine. HAUY. Silex sardoine. BRONGNIART. Silex plasme. BRONGNIART. Le Plasma. BROCHANT. Hyalit. WERNER

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

crystals of quartz. Its fracture is nearly even, sometimes dull, and sometimes smooth, like that of flint. Its color is gray or whitish, sometimes with a tinge of blue, and sometimes yellowish, or reddish. (Geolog. sit. and Localities.) Near Paris, the Buhrstone occurs in beds, usually horizontal, and seldom more than 9 or 10 feet thick. It contains no organic remains. Its cavities are often crossed by threads, and filled with argillaceous marl or sand; but are very seldom lined by crystals of

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

, like those of argillite. The cross fracture is most commonly splintery, sometimes conchoidal or even. It has only a glimmering lustre. This mineral is easily broken; and, when struck by a hammer, is sonorous, like a metal, especially if in thin tables. Hence its name. Its hardness, which is never less than that of basalt, and often greater, usually enables it to give sparks with steel. Its color is usually gray, often shaded with dark green, or with yellow, or blue; and, according to Emmerling, it