A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

splintery, and whose specif. gravity is the same, as that of water. Indeed Spallanzani asserts, that visible pores are not essential to Pumice. The colors of Pumice are grayish white, or gray, sometimes with a shade of yellow or blue, also brown, reddish brown, or red, greenish, and sometimes grayish black, or black. Spallanzani supposes Pumice to be always black, when ejected from a volcano. In the mass it is opaque, or translucent at the edges, but in minute fragments is often strongly translucent

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

rious directions. It is hence very brittle, sometimes almost friable. Its fracture is uneven or granular, or sometimes imperfectly conchoidal, shining and pearly. It is opaque, or translucent at the edges. Its color is usually some shade of gray, sometimes tinged with blue, green, red, or yellow, or is red, reddish brown, c. It scratches glass, even when too brittle to give fire with steel. Its spec. grav. varies from 2.25 to 2.54. When moistened by the breath, it frequently exhales an

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

often translucent, or even transparent. Its most common color is black, but it also occurs green, brown, blue, yellowish, and red of different shades, and sometimes white. (Chemical characters.) Before the blowpipe it easily melts, and is converted, with ebullition, into a grayish white or brownish enamel, sometimes nearly compact and sometimes vesicular. The red Schorl or rubellite is infusible. A specimen from Eibenstock yielded Klaproth silex 36.75, alumine 34.50, potash 6.0, magnesia 0.25

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

the touch, and, when polished, has an oily aspect. Its fracture is splintery and dull, unless rendered glimmering by foreign intermixture. It is sometimes very strongly translucent, and sometimes only at the edges. Its color varies from leek green to greenish white, or almost white, and has sometimes a slight tinge of blue, or yellow. Brochant says its fresh fracture presents a paler green, than that of the surface. Its spec. grav. varies from 2.95 to 3.04. It occurs amorphous, or in rolled masses

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

grayish green, c. but always pale; it also passes through bluish green to sky blue, and through yellowish green to a pale or honey yellow; it is sometimes greenish white, grayish, whitish, or even limpid. It has also been found rose red. Different colors sometimes appear on the same crystal. Its crystals are usually longer and larger, than those of the precious Emerald. Their size, however, is extremely variable; sometimes they are very long and even acicular, while at other times they are one

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

previously plunged in water for a few minutes. It is very light, and swells a little in water. The Nacrite is easily fusible by the blowpipe. Water, in which this mineral has been digested for some time, changes the vegetable blue to green; and even precipitates metallic solutions. (LUCAS.) A specimen, analyzed by Vauquelin, yielded silex 56, alumine 18, potash 8, water 6, lime 3, iron 4;=95. Its chemical characters sufficiently distinguish it from talc. It seldom, if ever, presents the green

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

, more or less distinct, with layers either straight or curved. Their hardness is somewhat variable; but they may always be scratched by iron, and frequently by copper. Some varieties are dull, while others possess considerable lustre. Their color is gray, often with shades of blue, yellow, green, red, brown, purple, or black. These colors, always dull, are sometimes uniform, and sometimes in spots, stripes, c. They are composed chiefly of silex and alumine; but lime, magnesia, and iron are

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

knife. It adheres but slightly to the tongue, and yields an argillaceous odor, when moistened. In water it gradually crumbles, but never forms a ductile paste. It is opaque; and its color is gray, often tinged with yellow or blue; also rose or pale red, brown or brownish red, and sometimes greenish. It very often presents white, brown, or greenish spots nearly round, and is sometimes striped. It hardens by exposure to heat, but is generally infusible by the blowpipe; some varieties melt at their

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

Saxony, it occurs in beds, which rest on coal; it presents various colors, among which a violet blue predominates, and has been called terra miraculosa, or wonderful earth. In the U. States, it has been found in Maryland, at the Bare Hills, near Baltimore; and in Pennsylvania, Montgomery Co. and in both instances in serpentine. MOUNTAIN SOAP.* KIRWAN. It is smooth and soapy to the touch, and adheres strongly to the tongue. Its streak has a shining, resinous lustre. It writes on paper; and has a

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

vegetables are decomposing; it is found also in caverns in volcanic countries; also in mines, particularly of coal, and is by miners called Fire damp. SUBSPECIES 2. SULPHURETTED HIDROGEN GAS. This gas is a little heavier than air, and has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling that of rotten eggs. It burns with a bluish or reddish blue flame, and deposites sulphur on the sides of the vessel. Mixed with about an equal bulk of oxigen gas, it burns with explosion, producing water and sulphurous acid

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

SPECIES 6. ANTHRACITE.* HAUY. BRONGNIART. This combustible, at first view, strongly resembles coal, from which, however, it materially differs. Its color is black, or rather grayish or iron black, sometimes tinged with blue or brown, and sometimes passing to blackish or steel gray. It perhaps never possesses the pure, deep black of coal. It is perfectly opaque. The Anthracite is harder than the common slaty coal, but is at the same time very easily frangible. It usually soils the fingers more

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

nitric acid it becomes covered with a white oxide of antimony, and is reduced to a kind of pap. (BRONGNIART.) (Distinctive characters.) Its foliated structure and want of malleability distinguish it from native silver. The same structure also distinguishes it from arsenical iron and arsenical cobalt, the former of which is also harder and yields an odor of garlic, when struck with steel, and the latter communicates to borax a blue tinge. (Geological sit. and Localities.) This species occurs in

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

black, with a shade of blue or gray; but its streak is shining and metallic. It is sometimes more or less solid, but is easily broken, and presents a dull, earthy fracture, and sometimes it is friable, or even loose. It occurs in crusts or in masses, which are frequently cellular or corroded. It often slightly soils the fingers. (Chemical characters.) Before the blowpipe it easily melts, and globules of silver may be obtained. It has not been analyzed, but the silver is evidently in variable

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

quantity to be explored by itself. It sometimes occurs in loose, insulated masses of considerable size. (Localities.) Some of its more important localities are the mines of Tourinski on the eastern side of the Uralian mountains, and of Schlangenberg in Siberia; of Fahlun in Sweden; of Cornwall and Anglesea in England, c. In the United States. In Virginia, it occurs in Orange Co. (CONRAD.) In Maryland, on the Blue Ridge, Washington Co. (HAYDEN.) In Pennsylvania, in Hamilton Ban, Adams Co. (CONRAD

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

yellow; but it quickly tarnishes and presents various and intermingled shades of blue, violet, purple, red, brown, reddish yellow, and green. Its streak and powder are usually reddish. It is less hard, than the common Pyritous copper, and is sometimes so brittle, that it yields to the finger nail. Its fracture is conchoidal with small cavities, or uneven, with a shining metallic lustre, which diminishes with the tarnishing. Its spec. grav. is usually between 4.95 and 5.46. It occurs amorphous

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

resembles the fibrous oxide of tin. SUBSPECIES 1. FERRUGINOUS ARSENIATE OF COPPER. The color of this mineral is pale blue, or light brownish yellow with sometimes a shade of green. It occurs in reniform masses, whose surface presents groups of small, shining crystals. Their form is a very oblique four-sided prism, terminated at each extremity by four triangular faces, placed obliquely on the sides of the prism, whose lateral edges are sometimes truncated. Its spec. gravity is 3.40. It contains

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

such Pyrites decompose, the gold, being incapable of oxidation, is left naked. (Distinctive characters.) It sometimes resembles pyritous copper; but the latter has a more lively yellow, and very often exhibits irised colors, which but seldom appear on sulphuret of iron; pyritous copper is less hard, and rarely and with difficulty gives fire with steel; in fine, the scoria, obtained by the blowpipe from pyritous copper, renders ammonia blue. When sulphuret of iron is free from arsenic, it may be

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

varieties are very often accompanied by the ochrey brown oxide of iron. In the United States; in Maryland, on the Blue Ridge, at Mount Alto, Hughe's mine, it occurs in stalagmites, or very beautifully dendritic, resembling, in large masses, a grove of trees. (HAYDEN.) This variety is much explored; but it yields a little less iron than the preceding. 4. OCHREY BROWN OXIDE OF IRON. (Yellow ochre.) Its color is yellowish brown of different shades, sometimes inclining to ochre yellow, and sometimes

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

efflorescences, or in tuberose or stalactical concretions, or in crusts, composed of fibres or capillary crystals, or in a state of powder. Its colors are commonly some variety of white, gray, green, or yellow, as greenish or yellowish white, c. When artificially crystallized, its color is a lively green. Its primitive form is an acute rhomb, which is liable to truncation on its angles and edges. (Pl. V, fig. 14.) (Chemical characters.) Its solution in water gives a blue precipitate with the prussiate of

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

streak is reddish brown; and its spec. grav. about 3.63. It is usually in reniform or tuberose masses. Its structure is fibrous; and its fracture, which is dull, or has only a feeble lustre, presents very delicate, diverging fibres or stri . Its cross fracture is conchoidal. By friction it yields the odor of sulphuretted hidrogen. Before the blowpipe it decrepitates, burns with a blue flame, and yields the odor of sulphur. It is a rare variety. At Geroldseck in Brisgaw, it occurs in clay, in a

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

in small masses sometimes reniform, c. (Chemical characters.) Before the blowpipe it is neither melted nor volatilized; but its acid is in part disengaged, exhaling the odor of arsenic, and a dark gray or blackish oxide remains. To borax it communicates a fine blue. In many cases, it appears to result from the decomposition of arsenical cobalt; indeed this latter mineral, when exposed to air and moisture, often exhibits a reddish efflorescence. Var. 1. ACICULAR ARSENIATE OF COBALT. Its peculiar

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

ture is concheidal or uneven. Its lustre is feeble, and scarcely metalic; but its streak is shining. It is considerably hard, but does not strike fire with steel. Its spec. grav. is 4.07. It melts easily, gives a violet blue glass with borax, and yields good iron, but acts strongly on the sides of the furnace. (JAMESON.) It occurs both in primitive and secondary rocks, and is usually associated with sparry iron, and the brown oxide of iron. SPECIES 2. SULPHURET OF MANGANESE.* Its color is

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

. Its fracture, which of course is either foliated or fibrous, has a metallic lustre more or less shining. It occurs massive, or in acicular crystals. M. Ha y has observed natural joints, parallel to the sides of a rhombic prism. (Chemical characters.) It is easily fusible even by the flame of a candle. Before the blowpipe it melts, yielding a blue flame and the odor of sulphur. It is with great difficulty reduced; but, by continuing the heat, much of it is volatilized. It does not effervesce in

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

hales a white smoke, which has a strong odor of garlic. The arsenic is sometimes in the proportion of 16 per cent. It has been found at Allemont, near Grenoble. SPECIES 2. SULPHURET OF ANTIMONY.* The more common aspect of this ore is that of shining, metallic needles, collected into masses. Its color is lead gray, approaching more or less to steel gray. It is liable to a tarnish, which may be azure blue, pavonine, irised, c. It is opaque, easily scraped by a knife, and so brittle, that small

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

ingredients. In some Granites, quartz, or feldspar, or sometimes mica forms tabular masses of considerable extent, or even veins. The predominant color of Granite usually depends on that of the feldspar, which may be white or gray, sometimes with a shade of red, yellow, blue, or green, and sometimes it is flesh red. The quartz may be white, grayish white, or gray, sometimes very dark; but it is usually vitreous and translucent. The mica may be black, brown, gray, silver white, yellowish, violet

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

contains hornblende, quartz, zeolite, c. as well as feldspar. Its color is gray, often tinged with green, yellow, or blue, and sometimes it is blackish green, reddish brown, c. (Geological remarks.) Some Porphyries are decidedly primi * Clay Porphyry. KIRWAN. Porphir-schiefer. WERNER. Porphyry-slate or Clinkstone Porphyry JAMESON. [page] 61

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

about twelve miles east from Poughkeepsie; it then bends to the southwest, crosses the Hudson, passes ten or fifteen miles eastward from Easton on the Delaware, a few miles eastward of Reading on the Schuylkill and of Middletown on the Susquehannah, where it joins the Blue Ridge, along which it continues to Magothy Gap; and thence passes in a southwesterly direction, till it meets the alluvial deposite near the river Tombigbee. The strata of this primitive region vary in direction from north and

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

black; and the fins and scales appear to be converted into coal. The same Shale contains impressions of vegetables, sometimes converted into pyrites. At this place, where an exploration is now making for coal, the strata, hitherto perforated, are thus described by the proprietor of the mine; viz. a soft, black slate with impressions of fish a gray slate with vegetable impressions a reddish slate sandstone a hard black and blue slate white sand soft, black, bituminous slate with particles of coal

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

iron, however, is sometimes red short. SPECIES 5. SPECULAR OXIDE OF IRON.* Its usual color is steel gray, light or dark, sometimes passing into iron black, and sometimes with a tinge of red. Its surface is often beautifully tarnished with azure blue, or is pavonine, irised, or like tempered steel. But however dark its external color, its streak and powder are a dark cherry red, or blackish red; and its powder, rubbed on paper, leaves a brownish red trace. Its surface has a metallic lustre, which is

A707    Beagle Library:     Cleaveland, Parker. 1816. An elementary treatise on mineralogy and geology: being an introduction to the study of these sciences, and designed for the use of pupils,-for persons attending lectures on these subjects,-and as a companion for travellers in the United States of America. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard; Cambridge: University Press.   Text

the upper branches of the Great Pedee in N. Carolina, forming a narrow deposite of uncommon length, and varying in breadth from two to fifteen miles. Secondary rocks (pale blue) extend from Newhaven to Northampton, lying principally on the western side of Connecticut river. They appear again southwest of the Hudson; at the Delaware their breadth is much diminished; they pass a few miles west of York in Pennsylvania, and, crossing the transition rocks already mentioned near Fredericktown in

A845    Beagle Library:     Abel, Clarke. 1818. Narrative of a journey in the interior of China, and of a voyage to and from that country in the years 1816 and 1817, containing an account of the most interesting transactions of Lord Amherst's embassy to the Court of Pekin, and observations on the countries which it visited. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.   Text

green, through green of every degree of intensity; and also occurs, according to the Chinese, of a clear blue, sky-blue, an indigo-blue, and of a citron-yellow and orange-yellow colour. But I suspect that they confound several species of stone under the name Yu. Their blue stone may be lapis lazuli, and their yellow, varieties of chalcedony and carnelian, all which I have frequently met with in China. The Missionaries tell us, and I received precisely the same account of its green varieties

A845    Beagle Library:     Abel, Clarke. 1818. Narrative of a journey in the interior of China, and of a voyage to and from that country in the years 1816 and 1817, containing an account of the most interesting transactions of Lord Amherst's embassy to the Court of Pekin, and observations on the countries which it visited. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.   Text

27th February, when in lat. 10 38' N., and 25 47' W. long.; and I do this the more readily, as its characters did not entirely accord with the description of any other species. The colour of its back was a deep blue, which passed on its sides into a yellowish green, terminating in a silvery white, which, near its tail, had a pinkish hue. Several small patches of white reached from above its eye, to the pectoral fin. Its fins were six in number; two pectoral, two ventral, one caudal, and one dorsal

A845    Beagle Library:     Abel, Clarke. 1818. Narrative of a journey in the interior of China, and of a voyage to and from that country in the years 1816 and 1817, containing an account of the most interesting transactions of Lord Amherst's embassy to the Court of Pekin, and observations on the countries which it visited. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.   Text

sound formed by some small islands, by which it was land-locked in every direction, and of which Hong-kong is the principal. As seen from the ship, this island was chiefly remarkable for its high conical mountains, rising in the centre, and for a beautiful cascade which rolled over a fine blue rock into the sea. I took advantage of the first watering boat to visit the shore, and made one of these mountains and the waterfall the principal objects of my visit. This mountain, the highest on the

A845    Beagle Library:     Abel, Clarke. 1818. Narrative of a journey in the interior of China, and of a voyage to and from that country in the years 1816 and 1817, containing an account of the most interesting transactions of Lord Amherst's embassy to the Court of Pekin, and observations on the countries which it visited. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.   Text

usually of a square form, and built of sun-dried brick of a blue colour, and covered with a shining roof. Around it was a wall, in front of which stood a high upright pole bearing a flag, inscribed with large Chinese characters. Over the enclosure I often observed a row of female heads, which looked as if separated from their bodies, and planted upon it: they always disappeared, however, when attentively gazed on. Amongst the objects which attracted our attention during the day, the large

A845    Beagle Library:     Abel, Clarke. 1818. Narrative of a journey in the interior of China, and of a voyage to and from that country in the years 1816 and 1817, containing an account of the most interesting transactions of Lord Amherst's embassy to the Court of Pekin, and observations on the countries which it visited. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.   Text

was closed by our baggage. Every point of the procession was surrounded by mandarins and soldiers in chairs and carts, on horseback and on foot: the whole moved at a foot-pace. We soon reached the gates of Tung-Chow, through which we expected to pass; but the ways proving too narrow for His Lordship's carriage, we took a road under its walls. These are of an oblong square, as stated by Du Halde, and are built of an ill-burnt brick of a blue colour. No masonry could be less expressive of strength

A845    Beagle Library:     Abel, Clarke. 1818. Narrative of a journey in the interior of China, and of a voyage to and from that country in the years 1816 and 1817, containing an account of the most interesting transactions of Lord Amherst's embassy to the Court of Pekin, and observations on the countries which it visited. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.   Text

, offering an increased surface of great buoyancy to the water when the canoe heels over, prevents its upsetting. These canoes are often shaped like a fish, having the head and stern carved to represent its head and tail, and the body rounded to the shape of its belly. They are rowed by four paddles, and make great way even against a strong current. On approaching the lake, we found the country low and marshy, cut by innumerable rivulets, and in many places flooded. Herds of buffaloes, of a pale blue

A845    Beagle Library:     Abel, Clarke. 1818. Narrative of a journey in the interior of China, and of a voyage to and from that country in the years 1816 and 1817, containing an account of the most interesting transactions of Lord Amherst's embassy to the Court of Pekin, and observations on the countries which it visited. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.   Text

The Legate sat on the right-hand end of the couch, leaving the chief place empty for his absent colleague. At the upper end of the left row of chairs, the commander of the district, with a red button in his cap, sat Next to him, Yin, a military officer (H -t e), with a red button, and Chang, a civil officer (Tuon-tu ), of T en-tsin, with a blue button. These two persons were to attend upon the accommodation and safe conduct of the Embassy, under the Legate and Viceroy. These two gentlemen

A597.3    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.   Text

28. 20h 12 2 52 0 21 12 5 55 7 foggy. 22 15 0 54 9 a little blue. 11 16 2 49 2 1 17 5 45 5 3 17 7 42 7 4 18 0 42 0 blue. 9 14 2 51 0 starlight. 11 16 0 53 2 cloudy. 29. 20 14 0 52 2 azure sky. 21 14 8 53 2 22 16 0 51 0 23 17 2 48 2 1 17 5 47 2 azure sky. 10 14 6 54 9 cloudy. 30. 20 15 0 50 2 blue. 22 17 2 47 2 23 17 5 45 0 0 18 5 44 5 1 18 5 43 6 3 18 0 39 7 blue. 4 18 1 44 4 10 15 2 49 2 cloudy. 31. 20 15 0 50 2 blue. 22 17 0 47 3 [page] 56

A597.3    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.   Text

NOVEMBER. 1799. THERM. Reaumur. Whalebone HYGROM. OBSERVATIONS. 28. 0h 18 2 48 2 clear (C.23 2 ). 8 15 0 53 2 fog. 11 14 2 54 2 clear. 29. 20 14 0 54 0 clear (C.21 7 ). 21 15 2 53 2 23 18 1 50 0 1 19 2 47 3 (C.24 1 ). 9 15 6 54 0 11 15 0 53 2 30. 20 14 0 54 2 blue (C.21 3 ). 1 18 2 49 7 3 18 0 48 2 (C.24 ). 4 18 0 47 3 blue. 5 17 1 48 0 8 14 5 53 2 blue (C. 22 2 ). 9 15 0 52 0 11 14 7 53 2 clouds very low. December 1. 19 13 0 51 3 blue (C. 21 2 ). 21 15 0 51 3 22 16 5 49 5 23 17 2 47 7 blue. 0

A597.3    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.   Text

10. 3h 19 0 40 7 blue (C. 23 0 ). 4 18 2 41 6 10 14 5 49 2 1 14 0 49 0 starlight (C.21 4 ). 11. 1 19 2 41 7 blue (C. 22 6 ). 4 19 0 39 6 5 17 5 41 7 cloudy. 7 15 0 46 3 starlight. 12. 1 18 8 37 6 blue (C. 22 7 ). 4 19 0 35 9 9 14 5 46 0 13 13 0 44 5 starlight (C, 21 3 ). 13. 21 13 2 44 1 some clouds. 0 17 1 40 7 1 18 0 40 1 blue (C. 22 6 ). 3 17 2 41 7 4 17 0 42 6 12 12 5 43 8 starlight (C. 20 4 ). 14. 20 15 0 44 5 blue, (C. 18 6 ). 11 17 2 41 3 1 17 5 40 1 (C. 22 2 ). 3 18 3 38 3 blue. 5 15 7

A597.3    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.   Text

21. 22 h 13 5 56 8 rain. 23 16 0 55 7 0 15 5 55 7 rain. 1 15 3 54 9 (C. 22 6 ). 4 14 9 53 2 5 14 5 53 3 9 14 0 54 4 cloudy. 11 14 3 54 9 (C. 21 3 ). 22. 23 16 0 48 7 cloudy. 0 17 2 46 3 1 17 7 45 4 (C. 23 1 ). 5 17 1 45 8 8 15 0 53 7 cloudy, 11 14 2 54 9 (C. 21 3 ). 23. 22 16 0 50 2 cloudy. 23 16 2 49 7 0 16 7 49 0 0 17 5 48 2 1 17 8 47 9 3 18 2 45 4 some clouds. 4 17 3 45 9 blue. 5 17 0 46 2 8 15 1 50 1 10 14 2 51 8 11 13 4 54 9 blue. 24. 22 17 2 47 6 blue. 2 O 2 [page] 56

A597.3    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.   Text

2. 23h 17 5 48 2 cloudy. 0 18 0 47 9 (C, 23 5 ). 5 16 5 48 7 cloudy. 11 15 5 52 2 rain. 3. 20 14 9 50 7 blue. 21 16 0 49 9 wind violent, east. 0 17 5 47 8 2 18 0 47 2 (C. 23 6 ). 1 18 2 46 8 7 15 5 49 7 blue. 11 14 0 53 2 (C. 21 7 ). 4. 20 15 0 51 0 azure (C. 20 2 ). 21 15 3 50 4 22 16 2 48 1 4 18 4 43 8 (C. 23 5 ). 7 14 8 46 3 9 13 5 47 9 fine moon-light. 11 13 2 47 3 blue (C. 21 3 ). 5. 21 15 0 48 7 azure sky with clouds. 22 15 5 47 5 cloudy. 22 16 3 46 5 23 17 3 45 9 0 18 2 45 3 azure sky

A597.1    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. Into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol.s 1 and 2.   Text   Image

almost as few blue rays as the dense atmosphere of the plains enlightened by the feeble light of the Moon. From these considerations it follows, that we ought not to say, with Mr. de Saussure and other naturalists, who have recently treated on this subject, that the intensity of the blue is greater on the summit of the Alps than in the plains; the color of the sky is only deeper, less mixed with white.If we direct the cyanometer toward the parts of the sky very near the Sun, the instrument

A597.3    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.   Text

into the blue* of the air. This intensity, measured with the cyanometer of Saussure, was found from November to January generally 18 , never above 20 . On the coasts it was from 22 to 25 . I remarked in the village of Caraccas, that the wind of Petare sometimes contributes singularly to give a pale tint to the celestial vault. On the 22d of January, the blue of the sky was at noon in the zenith feebler than I ever saw it in the torrid zone . It corresponded only to 12 of the cyanometer. The

A597.6b    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.   Text   Image

Sept. Th. R. Hygr. 1 8h m. 20.8 82 Saussure. 10 n. 20.7 86 2 9 m. 21.3 78 3 e. 22.2 82 mid. 20.7 84 3 10 m. 22.5 76 1 aftn. 20.9 83 4 7 m. 20.7 82 3 e. 22.5 87 11 n. 22 78 5 1 e. 22.8 37 Deluc. 3 23.0 36 11 n. 22.5 37 6 3 e. 22.5 33.5 11 n. 20.7 36 7 5 m. 19 43 2 e. 23.5 35 1 n. 19.5 49 8 9 m. 23.3 33 3 e. 26.0 31 1 n. 20.2 37 9 9 m. 23.5 27 blue. 10 n. 22.5 45 rain. mid. 18.3 50 blue. 10 1 e. 24.0 29 3 19.7 37 rain. mid. 18.8 50 3 m. 18.3 50 11 9h m. 20.2 41 noon. 22.9 30 mid. 19.3 40 12 8 m

A597.1    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. Into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol.s 1 and 2.   Text   Image

west. Temperature of the sea, 16 3 (at a depth of fifteen metres, 15 7 ); temperature of the air, 19 7 ; thermometer exposed to the Sun, 20 3 ; Sun's force, 0 5deg;; temperature of the air at eleven at night, 13 7 . Hygrometer, 54 5 Deluc (87 5 Saussure). Cyanometer, 16 ; blue color of the sea 34 . The sky has a reddish blue tint, almost violet, a singular phenomenon, which I have also sometimes observed in the Pacific Ocean, especially in the southern hemisphere, and without the sea being green

A597.4    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 4.   Text

cordant stratification a blackish blue slate*, very fissile, and traversed by small veins of quartz. The green slates include some strata of gruenstein, and they even contain balls of this substance. I nowhere saw the green slates alternate with the black slates of the ravine of Piedras Azules; at the line of junction, these two slates appear rather to pass one into the other, the green slates becoming of a pearl-gray in proportion as they lose their hornblende. Farther South, toward Parapara

A597.6b    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.   Text   Image

, which is a considerable drought for that country, but that (without any change of temperature) it retrogrades one to two degrees towards drought, in proportion as the sky becomes obscure, and takes that intensity of dark blue which precedes the electric explosions. At Cumana, the words thunder, winter, and rain(trueno, invierno, aguasero,) are synonimous. The thermometer, while it rains, goes down from 24 R., at the utmost to 19 . The sky, in darkening, remains uniformly blue, displays no vapors

A779    Beagle Library:     Greenough, George Bellas. 1819. A critical examination of the first principles of geology, in a series of essays. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.   Text   PDF

unstratified rocks, which may not, equally, be found among rocks that are stratified? On the other hand, the connection which subsists between beds of granite and gneiss, greenstone and compact feldspar, trap-tufa and clay, toadstone and cornstone, is too intimate to be considered only accidental. At le Gros Cattel, near Cherbourg, a large-grained granite, consisting of fleshcoloured feldspar, greyish-blue quartz, and black mica, with some tourmalin, cor 1 [page] 26

A597.3    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.   Text

The convent is founded on a spot, which was anciently called Areocuar. It's height above the level of the sea is nearly the same as that of the town of Caraccas, or of the inhabited part of the Blue Mountains of Jamaica*. Thus the mean temperatures of these three points, all situate between the tropics, are nearly the same. The necessity of being covered during the night is felt at Caripe, especially at sunrise. We saw the centigrade thermometer, at midnight, between 16 and 17 5 ; in the