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F3704
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1985. Charles Darwin in Western Australia: A young scientist's perception of an environment. Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press.
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seems that even by the time he reached Australia, he was still, in part of his mind at least, a creationist,64 although he was trying to reconcile the facts that he had been accumulating for the previous four years with conventional doctrine. [January 19 1836, Near Walerawang, New South Wales] I had been lying on a sunny bank, and was reflecting on the strange character of the animals of this country as compared to the rest of the world. An unbeliever in everything beyond his own reason might
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A587
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1985. Charles Darwin in Western Australia: A young scientist's perception of an environment. Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press.
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63. For a full exposition of these ideas and their relevance to Darwin's thinking, see Dov Ospovat. The Development of Darwin's Theory: Natural History, Natural Theology, Natural Selection, 1838-1859, Cambridge University Press, 1981, and more briefly, Howard Gruber and Paul Barrett, Darwin on Man, London, Wildwood House, 1974. 64. Albeit a creationist of an unusual kind, for he had by then absorbed the doctrines of uniformitarian geology see page 52. 65. Darwin and Henslow (footnote 2
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F3704
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1985. Charles Darwin in Western Australia: A young scientist's perception of an environment. Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press.
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63. For a full exposition of these ideas and their relevance to Darwin's thinking, see Dov Ospovat. The Development of Darwin's Theory: Natural History, Natural Theology, Natural Selection, 1838-1859, Cambridge University Press, 1981, and more briefly, Howard Gruber and Paul Barrett, Darwin on Man, London, Wildwood House, 1974. 64. Albeit a creationist of an unusual kind, for he had by then absorbed the doctrines of uniformitarian geology see page 52. 65. Darwin and Henslow (footnote 2
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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Germany, must be replaced by other species of the same families in France. Again France has 1700 or 1800 more species than the German list, yet their additional number must be proportioned in same manner as whole. (calculations follow) » All this ought to be advanced as creationist facts (over) New species not having been created in Aegypt since Mummies Pyramids is less result of physical conditions having remained unaltered, than of other organic beings having remained the same.-4 p.23. Taking
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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ought to answer * whether my primordial forms were created as eggs or full-grown c- Admits that vegetable-cell wd come first. (over) I think Schmidt says the eyes not so completely grown, at least form more related to those of external world * near extreme of case - * I shd never suppose with respect to his supposed changes in 2 Rats, that first longer or shorter tail larger ears were acquired, but that all were modified together.-» Might I not ask Creationist why tail longer or ear shorter? I
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biogeography as illustrative of reason on the part of the Creator. * L. Agassiz, Essay on Classification (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1962), pp. 46, 49. The rich diversity of forms—involving an enormous redundancy in that the different species or even orders often occupied analogous positions in the economy of nature—could support a creationist interpretation through the concept of plenitude. * A. O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1936
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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particularly novel idea. It is stressed in Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology3, a copy of each of the three volumes of which Darwin had with him in the poop cabin of HMS Beagle. (Ironically one of these was gifted and signed by FitzRoy, who in later years was to make himself appear ridiculous by adhering to fundamentalist and extreme creationist views long after they had largely been discarded by others.) A little surprisingly Lyell writes particularly fluently about the relationship that exists
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Naturalist's Voyage, is important both because it shows that Darwin was still thinking like a creationist rather than an evolutionist, and because it links together his thinking on both geological and biological history. At this stage, distribution was explained as the result of the pattern of localized special creation, and Darwin sought to answer such question as when and where creation and extinction had occurred. The same outlook was still fundamental to his thinking at the Galapagos Islands, for he
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sapiens on the other. The existence of populations with the attributes necessary and sufficient to make them species by definition is an empirical fact. Part of the reason why Darwin's views on the species have so often been misinterpreted, is that he bent over backward to emphasize both borderline cases and the mutability of species. For purposes of dialectic, he laid great stress on our inability to draw a clear line at the stage at which a variety becomes a species. The special-creationist
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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saw East Falkland influenced his thinking on the environment. Psychological or quasi-psychological studies of how individuals, especially notable artists and scientists saw the world are not unusual. Indeed Howard Gruber developed a model11 of how Darwin's view of the world changed over time from traditional creationist to evolutionist; Dov Ospovat's brilliant analysis of 198112 had similar objectives. From a content analysis (an examination of the frequency of certain words and ideas), of
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F3705
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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saw East Falkland influenced his thinking on the environment. Psychological or quasi-psychological studies of how individuals, especially notable artists and scientists saw the world are not unusual. Indeed Howard Gruber developed a model11 of how Darwin's view of the world changed over time from traditional creationist to evolutionist; Dov Ospovat's brilliant analysis of 198112 had similar objectives. From a content analysis (an examination of the frequency of certain words and ideas), of
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A339
Periodical contribution:
Armstrong, Patrick. 2002. Antlions: A link between Charles Darwin and an early Suffolk naturalist. Transactions of the Suffolk Natural History Society 38: 81-86.
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William Kirby (1759-1850) Suffolk Rector, entomologist and botanist. From the frontispiece of volume III of Introduction to Entomology. signify a Creationist, Deistic approach, reflecting Genesis chapter 1; the final words the Creator rested in his labor echoing the words of Genesis, 2, vv. 2-3. Darwin used capitals for many nouns. Nicholas and Nicholas (1989) hint at the possibility that all this was a religious disguise, as the Diary was partly written for his family (especially his sisters
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speculated, partly using this analogy but partly also clinging to creationist ideas: Whence have these people come? Have they remained in the same state since the creation of the world? What could have tempted a tribe of men leaving the fine regions of the North to travel down the Cordilleras, the backbone of America, to invent build canoes, then to enter one of the most inhospitable countries of the world?31 The biological analogy perhaps continues, when he saw the 'primitiveness' of the
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a land-bridge (changes in sea level making a direct land connection) or carriage by some bird of prey, or we might add, rafting on a mat of vegetation. A 'creationist' would be less concerned by these island-to-island differences, arguing, perhaps, that a Creator was free to create whatever assemblage of organisms on an island he pleased. After the voyage George Waterhouse examined the creatures, describing Mus brachiotis as having soft, very long and dense fur, 135 [page
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the one from the other; that the Creator rested from his labor [sic].9 It could be argued that the use of the words 'Creator' and 'Creation' (and the use of capitals), the idea of more than one episode of creation and the sentence: 'The one hand has surely worked throughout the universe', signify a Creationist, deistic approach, reflecting Genesis 1; the final words, 'the Creator rested in his labor', echoing the words of Genesis 2:2-3. But Darwin uses capitals for many nouns in his diary. On
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Conclusion: Islands, Inspiration and Ideas formed by earthquakes. Sometimes even creationist ideas emerge: for example, in his reference to St Helena as a 'centre of creation', and perhaps in some of his annotations on the antlion incident in New South Wales. But well before the end of the voyage, having had all three volumes of the Principles of Geology4 by his side for several years, he was a convinced Lyellian (although, as we have noted above on the crater-lip idea on the origin of atolls
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A622
Periodical contribution:
Ghiselin, Michael T. 2009. Darwin: A reader's guide. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences (155 [12 February]), 185 pp, 3 figs.
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course, a creationist and continued to oppose evolution throughout his life. References: Tort in DD, Fletcher 1893. Magendie, Fran oisOctober 6, 1783 October 7, 1855 Bordeaux, France Sannois, France French physiologist. Darwin mentions his cruel experiments in a letter on vivisection to the Times. References: Grmek in DSB Malthus, [Thomas] Robert (The Reverend)February 13, 1766 December 23, 1834 Near Guilford Surry, England Bath, England English economist, the first professor of that subject. As
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A622
Periodical contribution:
Ghiselin, Michael T. 2009. Darwin: A reader's guide. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences (155 [12 February]), 185 pp, 3 figs.
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, the island might gradually disappear and nothing but coral would be left. Later on in the voyage Darwin was able to test this theory by observations on coral formations at Tahiti and, more importantly, at Keeling Atoll in the Indian Ocean. By his own accounts published much later, Darwin did not become an evolutionist during the voyage, though he began to think seriously about such matters. He was still a creationist both before and for some time after his famous visit to the Galapagos
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A622
Periodical contribution:
Ghiselin, Michael T. 2009. Darwin: A reader's guide. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences (155 [12 February]), 185 pp, 3 figs.
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: Princeton University Press, p. 683-729. Cosans, Chris, 2005. Was Darwin a creationist? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, v. 48, p. 362-371. Coulter, John M., 1909. The theory of natural selection from the standpoint of botany, in Anonymous, ed., Fifty Years of Darwinism: Modern Aspects of Evolution, Centennial Addresses in Honor of Charles Darwin before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Baltimore, Friday, January 1, 1909. New York: Henry Holt and Company, p. 57-71
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A690
Periodical contribution:
Wyhe, John van. 2010. 'Almighty God! what a wonderful discovery!': Did Charles Darwin really believe life came from space? Endeavour 34, no. 3, (September): 95-103.
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famous scientist60 it was published in a respectable popular science magazine and repeated internationally in more than a score of periodicals and books. It spread somewhat, but without a more substantial number of extraterrestrial life advocates, or others whose views would stand to gain from such a revelation at the time, this legend did not enjoy the conditions needed to sustain and further propagate it. Whereas the Darwin deathbed conversion legend met a creationist audience whose beliefs
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A3308
Periodical contribution:
Wyhe, John van. 2010. Commemorating Charles Darwin. The Evolutionary Review 1, no. 1 (February): 42-47.
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looking forward to creationist challenges since I have a collection of arguments other than the usual ones that circulate in such discussions. But, alas, creationists seemed either not to turn up to lectures on the life of Charles Darwin or they asked no questions. During my tour I tried to talk to as many real people as possible, that is, away from the universities and museums that had invited me. A bartender at my hotel in Cleveland asked me what I was doing there. I said I was there to give a
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