F955    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. 2d ed., fifteenth thousand.   Text   Image   PDF

unimportant points. The greater number of naturalists who have taken into consideration the whole structure of man, including his mental faculties, have followed Blumenbach and Cuvier, and have placed man in a separate Order, under the title of the Bimana, and therefore on an equality with the orders of the Quadrumana, Carnivora, c. Recently many of our best naturalists have recurred to the view first propounded by Linnæus, so remarkable for his sagacity, and have placed man in the same Order with the

F1434    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1883. A posthumous essay on instinct. In Romanes, G. J., Mental evolution in animals. With a posthumous essay on instinct by Charles Darwin. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co., pp. 188-189, 196, 198-199, 355-384.   Text   Image   PDF

differences to subsequent modification through natural selection. So when we hear that the thrush of South America (T. Falklandicus), like our European species, lines her nest in the same peculiar way with mud, though, from being surrounded by wholly different plants and animals, she must be placed under somewhat different conditions; or when we hear that in North America the males of the kitty wrens,† like the male of our species, have the strange and anomalous habit of making cock-nests, not lined

F1452.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis ed. 1887. The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter. vol. 2. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Gray in the 'Atlantic.' It comes out very clearly that in the case of such publications as Dr. Gray's, my father did not rejoice over the success of his special view of Evolution, viz that modification is mainly due to Natural Selection; on the contrary, he felt strongly that the really important point was that the doctrine of Descent should be accepted. Thus he wrote to Professor Gray (May 11, 1863), with reference to Lyell's 'Antiquity of Man': You speak of Lyell as a judge; now what I complain

F1452.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis ed. 1887. The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter. vol. 2. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

nearly a convert to my views. . Let me add I fully admit that there are very many difficulties not satisfactorily explained by my theory of descent with modification, but I cannot possibly believe that a false theory would explain so many classes of facts as I think it certainly does explain. On these grounds I drop my anchor, and believe that the difficulties will slowly disappear. C. Darwin to J. S. Henslow. Down, November 11th, 1859. MY DEAR HENSLOW, I have told Murray to send a copy of my book

F1452.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis ed. 1887. The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter. vol. 2. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

really good judges have remarked to me how desirable it would be that this should be exemplified and worked out in some detail and with some single group of beings. Now every one will admit that no one in the world could do this better than you with Brachiopods. The result might turn out very unfavourable to the views which I hold; if so, so much the better for those who are opposed to me. But I am inclined to suspect that on the whole it would be favourable to the notion of descent with

F1452.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis ed. 1887. The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter. vol. 2. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

paper on the subject. I can hardly doubt that many curious points would occur to any one thoroughly instructed in the subject, who would consider a group of beings under this point of view of descent with modification. All those forms which have come down from an ancient period very slightly modified ought, I think, to be omitted, and those forms alone considered which have undergone considerable change at each successive epoch. My fear is whether brachiopods have changed enough. The absolute

F2539    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1891. [Letter to Duke of Argyll, 1878]. Darwin on the unity of the human race. Nature, (5 March): 415.   Text   PDF

, however, it be assumed that a species at each successive stage of its modification was surrounded in two distinct countries or times by exactly the same assemblage of plants and animals, and by the same physical conditions, then I can see no theoretical difficulty to such a species giving birth to the new form in the two countries. If you will look to the sixth edition of my 'Origin,' at p. 100, you will find a somewhat analogous discussion perhaps more. Yours faithfully, Charles Darwin

F1461    Book:     Darwin, Francis ed. 1892. Charles Darwin: his life told in an autobiographical chapter, and in a selected series of his published letters [abridged edition]. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

A letter from Lyell to Hooker (Mar. 9, 1863), published in Lyell's Life and Letters, vol. ii. p. 361, shows what was his feeling at the time: He [Darwin] seems much disappointed that I do not go farther with him, or do not speak out more. I can only say that I have spoken out to the full extent of my present convictions, and even beyond my state of feeling as to man's unbroken descent from the brutes, and I find I am half converting not a few who were in arms against Darwin, and are even now

F1592.2    Book:     Marchant, James ed. 1916. Alfred Russel Wallace letters and reminiscences. London: Cassell. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

really do not go so far as he did. For he maintained that there was not any proof that the several great classes or kingdoms were descended from common ancestors. I maintain, on the contrary, that all without exception are now proved to have originated by descent with modification but that there is no proof, and no necessity, that the very same causes which have been sufficient to produce all the species of a genus or Older were those which initiated and developed the greater differences. At

F1592.2    Book:     Marchant, James ed. 1916. Alfred Russel Wallace letters and reminiscences. London: Cassell. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

Forest superintendency, 302, 303; on Island Life, 305, 306; on Darwin's criticism of Island Life, 308; on Darwin's Movements of Plants, 311; on land migration of plants, 311; on Civil List pension, 314, 315; on Progress and Poverty, 317; on Darwin's Earthworms, 320 Wallace, Alfred Russel, letters to Sir Francis Darwin: on Darwin's Life and Letters, ii. 39; on descent with modification, 78; on mutation, 80 letter to Mr. W. J. Farmer, on final cause of varying colour of hairs, etc., ii. 101 2

F1497    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1958. The autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his grand-daughter Nora Barlow. London: Collins.   Text   Image   PDF

. In February, 1879, a German scientific journal called Kosmos published an article by Dr. Krause about the Life and Works of Dr. Erasmus Darwin. In May, 1879, Butler, who had not then heard of the article, published Evolution, Old and New, or The Theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck as compared with that of Mr. Charles Darwin. One of the objects of this book was to show that the idea of descent with modification did not originate with Charles Darwin; and another was to restore mind

F1598    Book:     Barlow, Nora ed. 1967. Darwin and Henslow. The growth of an idea. London: Bentham-Moxon Trust, John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

work of his first voyage with Sir J. C. Ross's Antarctic expedition, 1839-43, published 1844-60; and the Essay on the Flora of Tasmania, 1860, when he was one of the first to use Darwin's and Wallace's Natural Selection theory as a working hypothesis for descent with modification. Also Handbook of New Zealand Flora, and Flora of the British Isles, and many other publications. See also Letters 70, 71, 73 and 74. 2 The British Association met in Oxford in 1847, under the Presidency of Sir Robert

F3275    Book:     Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.   Text   PDF

extinction ('ex'), especially again amongst closely-allied forms. Perhaps a decrease or unfavourable conditions might destroy the intermediate vars . . . (483c). Selection thus leads to divergence Cdv'); distinctions between populations, sharpened by extinction of intermediates ('ig') as against increase of those organisms in favourable stations Cgds'), permit us to speak of varieties, races, species, etc. This is the meaning of 'adaptation' ('ad') and 'descent with modification' ('ds', 'ts'

F3275    Book:     Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.   Text   PDF

-40m/31-35w each form in a successive bed. 52-54m/53-54u*+ 99 Im, 20u aufIX , 19-22m/w Table of Descent 47-48u^, 49-51m/50-52u einel Hauptverbreitung 100 3-4u während l auftreten , 4-12w Looks as if periods of rapid variation then of rest, but denies. 25-27w modification goes on in same district. 32u kein , 32u innerhalblstattfindet , 33-34u Auftreten lMutationen , 33-40w a row of forms divides into 2 rows only in separate districts 41-46m/42m/45w an exception 101 wt just what I have said 3-5m

F763b    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1991. The origin of species [in Russian]. Translation of the 6th ed. by K. A. Timiryazev, M. A. Menzbir, A. P. Pavlov and P. A. Petrovskii. Corrected and revised by A. D. Nekrasov, S. L. Sobol', A. L. Zelikman, Ya. M. Gall, A. L.Takhtadzhyan, Ya. I. Starobogatov and F. I. Krichevskaya. Edited by A. L. Takhtadzhyan. Prepared for publication by Ya. M. Gall. Saint Petersburg: Nauka.   Text

): , , , , , : - , , , (grades) , ; , ; - , , , , , , ", . - , , " (sudden leaps), , , . , . , , ; , , , , . , , , . , , , . 1846 . . '0 ' ( . J. d'Omalius d'Halloy) , (Bulletins de 1'Acad. Roy. Bruxelles, t. XIII, p. 581) , , (by descent with modification), : 1831 . . (Owen) 1849 (Nature of Limbs, p. 86) : , , . , . 1858 ( . LI) . ( . ), , : , Apteryx . , " ". , , , , , , , ; , , , , . , , , , 1858 , Apteryx , , , , . , - , , . , , , . , ; (Anat. of Vertebrates, vol. Ill, p. 796), . , , , : , (type-form

A690    Periodical contribution:     Wyhe, John van. 2010. 'Almighty God! what a wonderful discovery!': Did Charles Darwin really believe life came from space? Endeavour 34, no. 3, (September): 95-103.   Text

for life to have slowly evolved to its present state of complexity according to the gradual process of descent with modification and natural selection as proposed by Darwin and Wallace and most thoroughly elaborated and widely known from Darwin's Origin of species.4 A solution to this apparent impasse was proposed but the German physician Hermann Eberhard Richter in 1865. Building on previous suggestions that life on Earth came from elsewhere Richter proposed a 'cosmozoa' concept. We regard the

A690    Periodical contribution:     Wyhe, John van. 2010. 'Almighty God! what a wonderful discovery!': Did Charles Darwin really believe life came from space? Endeavour 34, no. 3, (September): 95-103.   Text

contemporaries of organic change over time via descent with modification, and primarily through natural selection. Insisting on a purely natural origin of life as well would make the theory of evolution appear too unorthodox for many of his readers. Even to the end of his life Darwin maintained that there was no evidence to support spontaneous generation. Though no evidence worth anything has as yet, in my opinion, been advanced in favour of a living being, being developed from inorganic matter

F1881    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 2020. On the origin of species. The science classic. With an introduction by John van Wyhe. Capstone. 419pp.   Text

and change through generations. Thus the existing species in the world were related not along a 'chain of being' or separated into artificially separate species categories but were all related on a genealogical family tree through descent with modification .             Darwin also identified another means by which some individuals would have descendants and others would not. He called this sexual selection. This theory explained why the male sex in many species is larger, produces colourful