CUL-DAR.LIB.653    Printed:    1870   Contributions to the theory of natural selection. London: Macmillan & Co.  London   Text

their under surfaces. This property places them somewhat in the position of those curious wingless birds of oceanic islands, the dodo, the apteryx, and the moas, which are with great reason supposed to have lost the power of flight on account of the absence of carnivorous quadrupeds. Our butterflies have been protected in a different way, but quite as effectually; and the result has been that as there has been nothing to escape from, there has been no weeding out of slow flyers, and as there

F2006    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. et al. 1875. [Memorial to A. H. Gordon, Governor of Mauritius, requesting for the protection of the Giant Tortoise on Aldabra]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius n.s. 8: 106-9.   Text   Image   PDF

Sciences of Mauritius will find the means of saving the last examples of a contemporary of the Dodo and Solitaire. London, April 1874. (Signed by) Jos. D. HOOKER, P. R. S. H. B. FRERE, P. R. G. S. R. A. S. Charles DARWIN, T. R. S. Richard OWEN. John KIRK, F. L. S., H. M. Political Agent and Consul General. Alfred NEWTON, M.A., F. R, S, V. P. Z. S. Zoological Department. April 25th 1874. Dear Sir, I beg to transmit to you as the President of the R. Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius a

F181    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Voyage d'un naturaliste autour du monde fait a bord du navire le Beagle de 1831 a 1836. Translated by E. Barbier. Paris: C. Reinwald.   Text   Image   PDF

détroit de Berkeley. Dans quelques années, quand ces îles seront habitées, on pourra sans doute classer ce renard avec le dodo, comme un animal qui a disparu de la surface de la terre. Nous passons la nuit du 17 sur la langue de terre qui forme la pointe du détroit de Choiseul ou péninsule du sud-ouest. Nous nous trouvions dans une vallée assez bien défendue contre les vents froids, mais nous ne pûmes trouver de bois pour faire du feu. Les Gauchos, à ma grande surprise, se procurèrent bientôt

A1014.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 2.   Text

. Old voyagers mention a Dodo also in Bourbon, and a rude figure of it exists; but no remains of this bird have been found. Almost complete skeletons of the Dodo and Solitaire have, however, been recovered from the swamps of Mauritius and the caves of Rodriguez, proving that they were both extremely modified forms of pigeon. These large birds were formerly very abundant, and being excellent eating and readily captured, the early voyagers to these islands used them largely for food. As they could

A1014.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 1.   Text

perhaps birds directly or indirectly dependent on them. Swine, which ran wild in Mauritius, exterminated the Dodo. The same animals are known to be the greatest enemies of venomous serpents. Cattle will, in many districts, wholly prevent the growth of trees; and with the trees the numerous insects dependent on those trees, and the birds which fed upon the insects, must disappear, as well as the small mammalia which feed on the fruits, seeds, leaves, or roots. Insects again have the most wonderful

A1014.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 1.   Text

Historic Period. In tracing back the history of the organic world we find, even within the limits of the historical period, that some animals have become extinct, while the distribution of others has been materially changed. The Rytina of the North Pacific, the dodo of Mauritius, and the great auk of the North Atlantic coasts, have been exterminated almost in our own times. The kitchen-middens of Denmark contain remains of the capercailzie, the Bos primigenius, and the beaver. The first still

A1014.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 1.   Text

reached the country; and it was in consequence of this total exemption from danger, that several groups of birds altogether incapable of flight became developed here, culminating in the huge and unwieldy Dodo, and the more active Aphanapteryx. To the same cause may be attributed the development, in these islands, of gigantic land-tortoises, far surpassing any others now living on the globe. They appear to have formerly inhabited Mauritius, Bourbon, and Rodriguez, and perhaps all the other

A1014.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. vol. 2.   Text

affecting the, i. 49 of animals, problems in, i. 51 of plants, as affected by the glacial epoch i. 42 Distrigus, ii. 490 Diuca, ii. 284 Diucopis, ii. 99 Diva, ii. 98 Divers, ii. 366 Docimastes, ii. 108 Dodo of Mauritius, i. 282 ii. 334 Dodona, ii. 475 Dolerisca, ii. 107 Dolichodon, ii. 208 Dolichonyx, ii. 282 Dolichopterus, European Miocene, i. 162 Dolichotis, ii. 241 Doliophis, ii. 383 Dolium, ii. 507 Dommina, N. American Tertiary, i. 134 Donacobius, ii. 264 Donacola, ii. 287 Donacospiza, ii. 284 Doras

A701    Book:     Günther, Albert. 1877. The gigantic land-tortoises (living and extinct) in the collection of the British Museum. London: British Museum, iv + 96 p., pls. I-LIV.   Text   Image   PDF

the few remnants of a curious group of animals once existing on a large submerged continent, of which the Mascarenes formed the highest points. It flourished with the Dodo and Solitaire; and whilst it is a matter of lasting regret that not even a few individuals of these curious birds should have had a chance of surviving the lawless and disturbed condition of past centuries, it is confidently hoped that the present Government and people, who support the 'Natural-History Society of Mauritius

A1016    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

their actual form and structure, it is perfectly certain that their existence and development depended on complete isolation and on freedom from the attacks of enemies. We have no single example of such defenceless birds having ever existed on a continent at any geological period, whereas analogous 1 That the dodo is really an abortion from a more perfect type, and not a direct development from some lower form of wingless bird, is shown by its possessing a keeled sternum, though the keel is

A1016    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

unlike anything found elsewhere on the globe; and which, though once very abundant, have become totally extinct within the last two hundred years. The best known of these birds is the dodo, which inhabited Mauritius; while allied species certainly lived in Bourbon and Rodriguez, abundant remains of the species of the latter island the solitaire, having been discovered, corresponding with the figure and description given of it by Legouat, who resided in Rodriguez in 1692. These birds constitute

A1016    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

low form of winged birds, analogous to that which has produced the dodo and the solitaire from the more highly-developed pigeon-type. Professor Marsh has proved, that so far back as 1 See fig. in Trane. of N. Z. Institute, Vol. III., plate 12b, fig. 2. G G 2 [page] 45

CUL-DAR.LIB.654    Printed:    1880   Island life. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

record of its existence on Mauritius, it may very well have inhabited the lowland forests without being met with by the early settlers; and the introduction of swine, which soon ran wild and effected the final destruction of the dodo, may also have been fatal to this snake. It is, however, now almost certainly confined to the one small islet, and is probably the land-vertebrate of most restricted distribution on the globe. On the same island there is a small lizard, Thyrus boyeri, also a peculiar

A1016    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

, changes of shown by extinct animals, 100 how to explain anomalies of, 392 Drontheim mountains, peculiar mosses of, 343 Dobson, Mr., on bats of Japan, 366 on the affinities of Mystacina tubercukita, 445 Dodo, the, 407 aborted wings of, 408 Dryiophidæ, 27 Dumeril, Professor, on lizards of Bourbon, 406 Duncan, Professor P. M., on ancient sea of central Australia, 465 E. Early history of New Zealand, 455 Earth's age, 203 East Asian birds, range of, 38 East and West Australian floras, geological

CUL-DAR112.B9-B23    Note:    1882.05.00   I George Darwin am going to try to write down my recollections of my   Text   Image

, '51, '52 of which I think. I fancy our unconscious education must have been going on from the very first for I have an entry in a diary I wrote in 1852 Dodos are out of the world. He used to show us picture books, especially one delightful one full of engravings of S. American life (I have not seen it for many years) and tell us what the pictures meant. I think my entry about Dodos must have had reference to a picture I drew of a Dodo, copied out of a book of animals. B1

A336    Book:     Gray, Asa. 1888. Darwiniana: Essays and reviews pertaining to Darwinism. New York: D. Appleton.   Text   Image   PDF

the same account. Mammoths, mastodons, and Irish elks, now extinct, must have lived down to human, if not almost to historic times. Perhaps the last dodo did not long outlive his huge New Zealand kindred. The auroch, once the companion of mammoths, still survives, but owes his present and precarious existence to man's care. Now, nothing that we know of forbids the hypothesis that some new species have been independently and supernaturally created within the period which other species have

A1015    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1889. Darwinism: an exposition of the theory of natural selection with some of its applications. London & New York: Macmillan & Co.   Text

much greater effect in a bird inhabiting an oceanic island than in a domestic bird, where the disuse has been in action for an indefinitely shorter period. In the case of many other birds, however as some of the New Zealand rails and the extinct dodo of Mauritius the wings have been reduced to a much more rudimentary condition, though it is still obvious that they were once organs of flight; and in these cases we certainly require some other causes than those which have reduced the wings of our

F59    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1890. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle etc. London: John Murray. (First Murray illustrated edition.)   Text   Image   PDF

XVII any other place an aboriginal. The bones of a tortoise at Mauritius, associated with those of the extinct Dodo, have generally been considered as belonging to this tortoise: if this had been so, undoubtedly it must have been there indigenous; but M. Bibron informs me that he believes that it was distinct, as the species now living there certainly is. The Amblyrhynchus, a remarkable genus of lizards, is confined to this archipelago; there are two species, resembling each other in general

F6    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. [Letters to W. Preyer] in Preyer, William Thierry. 1891. Briefe von Darwin. mit Erinnerungen und Erlaeuterungen. Deutsche Rundschau 17, No. 9 (June): 356-390.   Text   Image

welche Plautus impennis anderen nahe vermandten Voegeln gegenueber hatte, unb welchen er schliesslich erlag. In Bezug auf die vergleichsweise mangelhafte Organisation stehen sich der Brillenalk, ber Dodo und die Riesenvoegel von Reuseeland biologisch ziemlich gleich. Ein Vogel, der weder fliegen noch laufen kann, gewissermassen das Zerrbild eines Vogels, scheint don vornherein in einer periode wie die jessige, dem Untergang geweiht. Haette Plautus fliegen koennen, so wuerbe es tross der

A238    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1895. Natural selection and tropical nature: Essays on descriptive and theoretical biology. London: Macmillan.   Text   Image

often pounce on other butterflies. If, therefore, we accept it as highly probable (if not proved) that the Heliconid are very greatly protected from attack by their peculiar odour and taste, we find it much more easy to understand their chief characteristics their great abundance, their slow flight, their gaudy colours, and the entire absence of protective tints on their under surfaces. This property places them somewhat in the position of those curious wingless birds of oceanic islands, the dodo

F1575    Periodical contribution:     Barrett, P. H. ed. 1960. A transcription of Darwin's first notebook [B] on 'Transmutation of species'. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 122: [245]-296, for 1959-1960 (April).   Text   Image

Get Hope147 to give me an account of parasitic animals of beasts varying in different climates. Those will not object to my theory, those the philosophy who soar above the pride of the savage, they perceive the superiority of man over animals, without such resorts.148 M. Jarred and Dumeril149 great work on Reptiles. M. J. says some reptiles same from Maurice [Mauritius] and Madagascar, and of Good Hope. His book probably worth studying. Wingless birds [of] S. Continents, Ostriches, Dodo

F3275    Book:     Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.   Text   Image   PDF

favourable of all chiefly rising, but att -. -» Small outgrowing island may be most favourable, yet make but * few species difficulty of immigration of forms to become modified 29-31m, 33-35m/34u± 1293 wt In quadrupeds, no Batrachians: - Aptéryx Curious Parrot - Extraordinary Parrot of Pacific Dodo other birds of Mauritius, -where for from not flying have become insulated. Can insulation be more related to peculiar conditions than to mere crossing.-17-23m/14r-21w One sees not only created so different

A161    Periodical contribution:     Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).   Text   Image   PDF

zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle under the Command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836, part 1: fossil mammalia. Smith, Elder, London Peters JL et al (1934 1987) Check-List of birds of the world, vols 1 16. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. Porter DM (1985) The Beagle collector and his collections. In Kohn D (ed) The Darwinian heritage. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 973 1019 Quammen D (1997) The song of the dodo island biogeography in an age of