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A179
Book:
Ward, Henshaw. 1927. Charles Darwin: The man and his warfare. London: John Murray.
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If we understand, even faintly, the solitude of the man, we can appreciate how much he was sustained by the sympathy of Hooker even when Hooker was climbing to Tibet. Darwin got small encouragement from this friend, but could at least speak to him about evolution without being called demented. I will select and date some of the remarks that Darwin wrote to Hooker between 1846 and 1854. October, 1846. I am going to being some papers on the lower marine animals, which will last me some months
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A179
Book:
Ward, Henshaw. 1927. Charles Darwin: The man and his warfare. London: John Murray.
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ences to the Creator were made for effect, and that his appeal to the Bible's authority was merely a device to reduce the friction with orthodoxy. It was a highly successful device, as is proved by the effect on Gray. But it must have become tarnished and an object of suspicion by 1857. It was one of many reasons why Gray would exult in a chance to show that Agassiz was on the wrong side of a great scientific question. To Darwin it was obvious that Agassiz would oppose an evolution theory, and
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A179
Book:
Ward, Henshaw. 1927. Charles Darwin: The man and his warfare. London: John Murray.
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leaves that sprout from an orange seed? If you had been a Darwin, you would have found the pulpy, new-born things as interesting as babies, and almost as active. Not that their swinging and groping through the air is entertaining in itself, but that you are seeing one of the essential forces in the evolution of plants. You get a view of the sensitiveness in the tips of a plant, a variable, vital, all but intelligent force, which may be modified into all sorts of adaptations of stems and roots
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A179
Book:
Ward, Henshaw. 1927. Charles Darwin: The man and his warfare. London: John Murray.
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lightly ; for Buffon himself assumes them lightly and frequently throughout his volumes. Any one who was familiar with the first three volumes would be struck as by an unseemly antic when he perceived Buffon casting his eyes up to heaven and protesting that it is certain from revelation. Burnet's Sacred Theory is absolutely certain from revelation; yet Buffon had dismissed it as a romance. The other references to an evolution theory are interjected without warning, capriciously, enigmatically, at
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A179
Book:
Ward, Henshaw. 1927. Charles Darwin: The man and his warfare. London: John Murray.
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almost unanimously concluded that Lamarck's reasonings about life are pure assumptions. But a few men who have faith in pure reason are still attracted to some form of neo-Lamarckism. Even Packard, veteran entomologist though he was, thus comments on Lamarck's cogitations about how the giraffe got its long neck by continued stretchings that were inherited: We submit that Lamarck's mode of evolution of the giraffe is quite as reasonable as the very hypothetical one advanced by Mr. Wallace; that is
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A179
Book:
Ward, Henshaw. 1927. Charles Darwin: The man and his warfare. London: John Murray.
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evolutionary thought is swinging away from the narrow and restricted conception of natural selection, pure and simple, as the sole or most important factor, and venturing in the direction of Lamarckism. But the pendulum has refused to continue swinging since 1901. In 1927 it is moving steadily the other way. I doubt whether any first-rate biologist now lives who considers that evolution came about by the method of will and appetence and needs that Lamarck described. The world of biology seems to feel
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A179
Book:
Ward, Henshaw. 1927. Charles Darwin: The man and his warfare. London: John Murray.
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of nature of the most interest to us, are, so to speak, buried in these enormous lists. The study of forms should not be an acquiring of a vast nomenclature, but studying nature herself her course, her means, and the constant results that she knows how to attain. Nothing of all this classification exists in nature; she knows neither classes, orders, genera, nor species. The following quotations illustrate Lamarck's conceptions of evolution. The first one is Packard's translation of a passage
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A179
Book:
Ward, Henshaw. 1927. Charles Darwin: The man and his warfare. London: John Murray.
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than is acceptable to one who is fresh from Buffon and Erasmus Darwin . It is a little grating to read the words 'la mienne propre' and to recall no mention of Buffon . The paragraphs on this subject [the struggle for existence] are taken with very little alteration from Buffon's work. The reproach is more mild than would have occurred to me. For it is certain that Lamarck must have been familiar with Buffon, and it would be a miracle if he had arrived at his notions of evolution independently
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A179
Book:
Ward, Henshaw. 1927. Charles Darwin: The man and his warfare. London: John Murray.
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, and bird to marsupial had occurred, and from that to the intelligence of the Gyrencephala, and from the Chimpanzee to the Bushman, and at length to naked Britons, all by a law of creation ending with the development into an Anglo-Saxon. This successive evolution of sensation, instinct, intelligence, reason, which is such a popular creed with those who shrink from transmutation, is the direct way which leads to Lamarckism possibly the road of truth, but they who travel by it hardly, I think, see
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A1111
Periodical contribution:
Anon. 1927. [Recollection of Darwin by gardener Henry Wheeler]. Darwin at home: a crusty, snuff-taking recluse. Sunday Post (4 September): 3.
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 3 DARWIN AT HOME: A CRUSTY, SNUFF-TAKING RECLUSE. Stories of the Famous Scientist: Visitor Who confirmed Him in His Ape Theory. There is an old couple living on the outskirts of London who knew Darwin at the time when the famous scientist was engaged on his now well-known experiments on the evolution of man. They are Mr and Mrs Henry Wheeler, of Ronver Road, Lee, who were at one time employed by Darwin at his beautiful country home, Downe Hall
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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BY THE SAME AUTHOR Biological Series Uniformly bound. Vols. I-IV. 12mo. I. FROM THE GREEKS TO DARWIN. The development of the evolution idea through twenty-four centuries. 2.75. 3d thousand. New Edition. II. IMPRESSIONS OF GREAT NATURALISTS. Darwin, Wallace, Huxley, Leidy, Cope, Balfour, Roosevelt, and others. With portraits. 2.50. 4th thousand. New Edition. III. EVOLUTION AND RELIGION IN EDUCATION. The Fundamentalist controversy of 1922-25. 2.00. 12th thousand. IV. CREATIVE EDUCATION in School
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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father Erasmus, Charles surely inherited his vividness of imagination and his strong tendency to generalize, as well as his innate sympathy for evolution. Countless hypotheses flitted through his mind. Without speculation there is no good and original observation, he wrote to Wallace. Still more interesting is the fact that the inheritance of his grandfather's tendency toward speculation took the direction of evolution, for before the close of the eighteenth century Erasmus Darwin gave the
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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any other observer of nature, and these facts and interpretations are so far confirmed that they have become the very foundation-stones of modern biology and geology. Looking at Darwinism as the sum of his generalizations as to the processes of evolution, we again find a vast body of well-established laws which are also daily becoming more evident. As to the laws of evolution, there is no single biological principle more absolutely proved by the study of living and extinct things since Darwin's
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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this judicial principle is one of the great factors of evolution. Then he clearly set our task before us in pointing out that the unknown lies in the laws of Evolution, and a stupendous task it is. At the same time he left us in his inductive and experimental methods a torch by which we may blaze our trail. Therefore, in this anniversary year, we do not see any decline in the force of Darwinism but rather a renewed stimulus to progressive research. As Huxley says: This one thing is perfectly
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD: CHARACTERISTICS OF GREAT NATURALISTS 3 Simplicity and transparency of vision Intellectual environment of a mid-Victorian student Analysis of human nature Darwin, supreme observer and natural philosopher Wallace, observer rather than philosopher Huxley, great proponent of Evolution Roosevelt, dominant naturalist. CHAPTER I. CHARLES DARWIN 23 Apostle of freedom of truth Dominant heredity Favorable environment Observation and interpretation on the Beagle voyage Intensive
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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FOREWORD: CHARACTERISTICS OF GREAT NATURALISTS Simplicity and Transparency of Vision Intellectual Environment of a Mid-Victorian Student Analysis of Human Nature Darwin, Supreme Observer and Natural Philosopher Wallace, Observer Rather Than Philosopher Huxley, Great Proponent of Evolution Roosevelt, Dominant Naturalist. AMONG the greatest men of all time are the creative naturalists, from Aristotle to Darwin, whose enduring works and self-effacing lives are our most precious possessions. I
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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intellectual doubt between the false theism of Special Creation and the true theism of Evolution, I fortunately came under the influence of broad-minded natural philosophers. When my six American student years were drawing to a close, the question of whether I should go to Germany or to England was decided by a letter from Kitchen Parker, the distinguished English comparative anatomist and friend of Huxley, who personally advised me to go to London to study Huxley and to Cambridge to study under Francis
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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discoveries. It is told of Darwin that after meeting Gladstone he expressed surprise that such a very great man had paid him so much attention. It appears that this simplicity of life and avoidance of renown are most favorable to that creative state of mind which most frequently engenders renown. On the other hand, Huxley and Cope, as combatants in the new social and philosophical arena of Evolution, found seclusion almost impossible. DARWIN, SUPREME OBSERVER AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHER To Huxley I owe
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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entire living world and that gave on the impression of translucent truthfulness. In my address at the Darwin Centenary1 at Cambridge I endeavored to convey this profound impression of translucent truthfulness. Darwin arrived at the law of evolution not because he desired to do so, but because he was forced into it by his own observations of nature. He came of a long line of compellingly truthful ancestors, and certainly truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth is a distinctly English
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A258
Book:
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1928. Charles Darwin. In ibid., Impressions of great naturalists. New York, London: Charles Scribner.
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in which we live. They demonstrated the law of evolution through a continued line of at [page] 1
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