Search Results - The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

Heinroth, O., 1911, Beitrage zur Biologic, namentlich der Ethologie und Physio-logie der Anatiden. — Verh. 5. Internat. Orn. Kongr. Berlin. — » — 1930, Ueber bestimmte Bewegungsweisen der Wirbeltiere. Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde 1929, p. 333 — 342. Hinde, R. A., 1952, The behaviour of the great tit (Parus major) and other related species. — Behaviour, Suppl. 2, 201 pp. —»— andN. Tinbebgen, 1958, The comparative study of species-specific behavior. — Behavior and Evolution, Yale, p. 251

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

Fig. 4. Adult male Gorilla showing canine tooth. In the absence of a fuller description no conclusion can be drawn about possible homology with sneering in man. (From Svensk Uppslagsbok.) more regular kinds of homology which could more easily be brought into line with the orthodox theory of creation. This may be one of the reasons why rudiments were popular subjects of study in the early days of the study of evolution, whereas nowadays they are virtually ignored. Darwin's attitude towards

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A94 Pamphlet: Anon. 1960. Handlist of Darwin papers at the University Library Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Text Image PDF

Emotion The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals Photographs and notes 53 Part of 17 (i) Notice of by A. R. Wallace* 133(17) Entomology, see Insects Europe. List of alpine plants not found in Europe 46 (ii) Evolution. Notebooks B-E, dealing with evolution theory 121-4 Expression. Notebooks M and N, dealing with expression 125, 126 See also Emotion Falkland Islands, see Geology, South America Featherstonhaugh, G. W. Report of a Geological Reconnoissance* 131 Fertilization Collection of articles

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

the same individual. This makes its alleged homology questionable. A vestigial flying pattern was said to occur in an Ostrich under special test conditions. If Gltttz von Blotzheim's recent theory on the evolution of the Ratites from flightless forms is valid, the interpretation of the experiment must have been incorrect. In this connection, attention should be drawn to the criticism levelled by Wallace Craig at Darwin's conception of vestigial movements. Craig (p. 362) is probably right in

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

the effect of showing them, whereas the emancipation of the nest-demonstration from real nest-sites is, so to say, a »voluntary» step in the evolution of the organism which will cause enhancement of the display (for instance, higher frequency and independence of the locality), instead of deterioration. [page 25

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

Tinbebgen, X., 1951, The study of instinct. — Oxford, 228 pp. —»— 1952, »Derived» activities; their causation, biological significance, origin, and emancipation during evolution. — Quarterly Review of Biol. 27, p. 1-32. —»— 1953, Fighting and threat in animals. — New Biology 14, p. 9 — 24. —»— 1959, Comparative studies of the behaviour of gulls (Laridae): A progress report. — Behaviour 15, p. 1 — 70. —»— 1959, Einige Gedanken iiber »Beschwichtigungsgebarden». — Zeitschr. Tierpsychol. 16, p

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A94 Pamphlet: Anon. 1960. Handlist of Darwin papers at the University Library Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Text Image PDF

its American Reviewers* 133(7) T. H. Huxley on its reception 112 A. R. Wallace's criticism of Sir C. Lyell on it* 133(14) 'On the Tendency of Species to Form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection', by C.D. and A. R. Wallace* 135(13) C. Wright: Darwinism: An Examination of Mr St George Mivart's Genesis of Species* 133(8) See also Evolution Specimens Descriptions of Beagle specimens 133(8) List of South American geological specimens 39 (i

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A94 Pamphlet: Anon. 1960. Handlist of Darwin papers at the University Library Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Text Image PDF

Transmutation, see Evolution Transpiration. J. M. Anders: 'The Transpiration of Plants'* 136(8) Trimorphism Material on the illegitimate progeny of trimorphic plants 108-11 'On the Sexual Relations of the Three Forms of Lythrum salicaria' 27 (ii) Trouessart, E.-L. Article on worms* 64 Turbellaria, see Worms United States of America. Asa Gray: 'Statistics of Flora of the Northern United States'* 135(3) See also Geology, United States of America Universities, see Edinburgh Van Dyck, Dr W

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

In the history of biology three great personages stand out: Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Darwin. In part, their greatness consisted in versatility. As far as Darwin is concerned, his stature is only fully appreciated when we remember that, besides his major achievement, the doctrine of evolution, he wrote on such disparate subjects as volcanic islands, the origin of coral reefs, the formation of vegetable mould through the action of earth-worms, insectivorous plants, movement in plants

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

. On the other hand, his attitude towards ) Darwinism», i.e. the doctrine of evolution through natural selection of superior genes, vacillated as he aged. In »The Descent of Man» and in »The Expression of the Emotions)) he appears to some degree a Lamarckist. The relations of the Secretary Bird, the Mungo, and other snake-eating animals to their prey is, it is true, spoken of in purely »Darwinistic» terms (1872, p. Ill): »beneficial variations, supposing the characters in question to vary, would

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

MOVEMENTS It is difficult to imagine that the expression movements generally originated as signals, as this would presuppose that other individuals of the same species immediately recognized them. The problem of the evolution of signal movements would be greatly simplified if one could find evidence that they originally had another function, and that the recognition mechanism evolved secondarily. If a phenomenon without signal function (s—) regularly precedes a phenomenon (X) of biological relevance

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

recent findings of ethologists on the evolution of signal movements, in order to examine to what extent Darwin's views agree with them. 1. Displacement reactions. These are (Tinbergen 1940) seemingly irrelevant in the situation where performed, for instance preening movements occurring in courtship display or in territorial fighting, van Iersel and Bol found that a carefully studied displacement reaction was not »allochtonous» but »autochtonous»: when two drives blocked each other, their

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

neo-Darwinism, also known as the synthetic (Htjxley) or eclectic (Mayr) theory of evolution, which builds its conclusions on facts from all branches of biology. Darwin's observations on vestigial behaviour in dogs are generally known. A dog, before lying down, turns round repeatedly as if to trample down grass. This is (as far as my experience with a German retriever goes) especially true with a dog which is sleepy; in the day-time this behaviour is rarely seen. After defaecation dogs scratch

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

. Frois-Wittmann, J., 1930, The judgemnt of facial expression. — Journ. Experim. Pyschol. 13, p. 113-151. Glutz von Blotzheim, U., 1960, Zur Morphologie und Ontogenese von Schulter- giirtel, Sternum und Becken von Struthio, Rhea, und Domiceius. Ein Beitrag zur Phylogenese der Ratiten. — Proceedings XII Internat. Orn. Congress Helsinki, p. 240 — 251. v. Haartman, L., 1957, Adaptation in hole-nesting birds. — Evolution 11, p. 339-347. —»— 1958, Fluesnappere. — Nordens fugle i farver. I. Copenhagen. P

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A340 Periodical contribution: Haartman, Lars von. 1960. Charles Darwin and ethology. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae XXII. 7: 1-28. Text Image

Marler, P., 1959, Developments in the Study of Animal Communication, — Darwin's Biological Work. Cambridge, p. 150—206. Mayr, E., 1960, Symposium on adaptive evolution. Chairman's introduction. — Proceedings XHth Internat. Orn. Congr. Helsinki, p. 495 — 498. Messmer, E., 1956, Die Entwicklung der Lautausserungen und einiger Verhaltens- weisen der Amsel. — Zeitschr. Tierpsychol. 13, p. 341 — 441. Morris, D., 1954, The reproductive behaviour of the zebra finch (Poephila guttata) with special

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A94 Pamphlet: Anon. 1960. Handlist of Darwin papers at the University Library Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Text Image PDF

. Including general papers, fair copies of C.D.'s first and second letters to The Athen um which he ultimately rejected, cuttings from various journals being reviews of Butler's Evolution New and Old, and Butler's letter to The Athen um. Letters: E. A. Darwin, 13 March 1879, 8 March 1879; R. Cooke, 25 October 1879, 6 September 1879; L. Darwin, 15 November 1879; J. Murray, 3 June ?, 3 September ?; E. Krause, 35 dated letters; S. Butler, 2 January 1880, 21 January 1880, L. Stephen, 12 January 1880

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F1575 Periodical contribution: Barrett, P. H. ed. 1960. A transcription of Darwin's first notebook [B] on 'Transmutation of species'. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 122: [245]-296, for 1959-1960 (April). Text Image

Pacific existed, might have been monsoons, when they ceased, importation ceased, and changes commenced; or intermediate land existed, or they may represent some large country long separated. On this idea of propagation [i.e., evolution] of species we can see why a form peculiar to continents, all bred in from one [page] 251 BARRETT: DARWIN'S FIRST EVOLUTIONARY NOTEBOO

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A1036a Book: [Gautry, P. J.] 1961. Darwin library: list of books received in the University Library Cambridge March-May 1961. [Cambridge: unpublished typescript]. [Annotated copy in the Manuscripts Reading Room in Cambridge University Library] Text Image PDF

Butler (Dr Samuel). A sketch of modern and ancient geography London, 1818 Butler (Dr S.) Evolution...1879. (BOT 1992) Carus (J. Victor). Bibliotheca Zoologica. Verzeichniss der Schriften über Zoologie 1846-60. Bear von J.V.C. und W. Engelmann 2 Bde (D) 8o. Leipzig, 1861 Catalogue of Pamphlets (in the F.D. Coll) (BOT) Coleoptern Britannica. See Marsham (Thomas). Conversations on vegetal

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A1036 Book: [Gautry, P. J.] 1961. Darwin library: list of books received in the University Library Cambridge March-May 1961. [Cambridge: unpublished typescript]. Text Image PDF

Page 51. Link (H.F.): Die Urwelt und das Alterthum, erläutert durch die Naturkunde. ler Th. 8°. Berlin, 1821. Linnaeus (C.): Philosophia Botanica. Ed.2a. 8°. Viennæ, 1783. Page 52. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps (J.L.A.): Considérations sur les Céréales.* 8°. Paris, 1842. Low (D.): On the Domesticated Animals of the British Islands.* 8°. London, 1845. Lowne (B.T.): The anatomy and physiology of the Blow-fly. 8°. London, 1870. Lowne (B.T.): The Philosophy of Evolution. 8°. London, 1873. Lubbock

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A1036a Book: [Gautry, P. J.] 1961. Darwin library: list of books received in the University Library Cambridge March-May 1961. [Cambridge: unpublished typescript]. [Annotated copy in the Manuscripts Reading Room in Cambridge University Library] Text Image PDF

the Domesticated Animals of the British Islands. * 8o. London, 1845. Page 52. Lowne (B.T.): The anatomy and physiology of the Blow-fly. 8o. London, 1870. Page 52. Lowne (B.T.): The philosophy of Evolution. 8o. London, 1873. Page 52. Lubbock (Sir J.): Pre-Historic Times, as illustrated by ancient remains, c