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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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W.Indies. 21a some most 121 19-24m\19-30w I say so merely because other reasons make me believe in it. 123 wt Do I not give it as a mere possibility when arguing against this view? 2w(a) 6-llm 130 l-5w Does he believe that a Bat Ptérodactyle was suddenly produced - such facts tell against Evolution, as well as nat. selection.- so with Whale Zeuglodon - 139 l-34w this seems false reasoning, he assumes amount of difference in progenitors from amount in existing divergent descendants. 145 22u
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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599 MOQUIN-TANDON fruit 61 effects of good soil on villosity, low elevation Q£a 68 Atrophy of organ often causes villosity of Part 73 Fleshiness of leaves caused by proximity to sea Q 113 Monstrosity of axil almost always affects the parties appendiculaires Q 115 Monstrosities more common under cultivation than in state of nature. 116 Q Monstrosities are generally normal in some other species. 121,139 organs arrested rudimentary at different ages of evolution hence more or less rudimentary. Q
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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of Plants 23-32w Various vars in same station, so not effect of evolution 24-32m 119 16-19m 120 wt growth of size chemical products direct effect of conditions- l-7m/w Light on colouring matter 121 wt Alpine forms due only to want of food not form true races 2-10m 122 25m 123 l-14m/w He argues from these facts that height no influence but these no proof - so others wb He overlooks effect of length of exposure inheritance - 125 16-26m, 29-34m/29w Summary wb Maintains that Alpine height does not
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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PUGIN, Augustus Welby Contrasts or parallels between the noble edifices of the middle ages and corresponding buildings of the present day London; Charles Dolman; 1841 [Down] P PULTENEY, Richard A general view of the writings of Linnaeus London; J. Mawman; 1805 [Botany School, pre-B, ED] PUSEY, Sidney Edward Bouverie Permanence and evolution London; Kegan Paul, Trench Co.; 1882 [Down, I] p NB All mere rubbish PUTSCHE, Carl Wilhelm Ernst Tauben-katechismus Leipzig; Baumgartner; 1830 [CUL, on B
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F3275
Book:
Gregorio, Mario A. -Di, ed. 1990. Charles Darwin's marginalia, vol. 1. Edited by Mario A. Di Gregorio, with the assistance of N.W. Gill. New York; London: Garland.
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in single Blastoderm; xvii soi pour soi ; xviii; Nothing for Descent of Man xii 16-20m, 36-37m xiii 24-26m xiv 24-27m (Milne-Edwards) xv 20-22m xvii 3-6m 18 27- 22m LOWNE, Benjamin Thompson The philosophy of evolution London; John Van Voorst; 1873 [CUL, I] beh, cs, ds, h, he, ig, in, rd, t, tm [pages] 51
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The theory of natural selection is certainly Darwin's most important contribution to knowledge. It remains, with such implications as evolution, the dominant organizing principle in biology. Natural selection is a remarkably simple idea—so simple that Huxley, for instance, wondered why he hadn't thought of it himself. Organisms differ from one another. They produce more young than the available resources can sustain. Those best suited to survive pass on the expedient properties to their
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online CONTENTS: Ghiselin, Michael T., The triumph of the Darwinian method. 2d ed. 1991. [1st edn Berkeley, 1969] ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION TO THE 2ND EDITION INTRODUCTION: CHAPTER I. GEOLOGY CHAPTER II. BIOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION CHAPTER III. NATURAL SELECTION CHAPTER IV. TAXONOMY CHAPTER V. BARNACLES CHAPTER VI. A METAPHYSICAL SATIRE CHAPTER VII. VARIATION CHAPTER VII. AN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER IX. SEXUAL SELECTION CHAPTER X. CONCLUSIONS
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BIOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION It is well known that both Darwin and Wallace came to discover the phenomenon of evolution through the study of biogeography. This fact takes on added significance when it is realized that both men made important contributions to biogeographical theory and methodology. * W. George, Biologist Philosopher: A Study of the Life and Writings of Alfred Russel Wallace (London: Abelard-Schuman, 1964), discusses Wallace's contribution in considerable depth. In The Origin of
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Darwin's great syntheses. Even Lyell, who had considered biogeographic problems along analogous lines, failed to see the evolutionary implications. * C. Lyell, Principles of Geology: Being an Inquiry How Far the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface Are Referable to Causes Now in Operation, 5th ed., 2 vols. (Philadelphia: James Kay, 1837), II, 9-98. Those who seek to deny Darwin credit as the founder of the theory of evolution, on the grounds that others had previously thought of evolution or
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establishing it as a recognized theory supported by factual evidence. Yet Darwin's originality has long been, and continues to be, a bone of contention. In the last century, the novelist Samuel Butler attempted to show, in his Evolution Old and New, that Darwin had stolen the idea of evolution from his predecessor. Darwin never gave Butler the pleasure of a reply. * Life and Letters, III, 220. Even natural selection is held not to be Darwin's original idea. Zirkle has enumerated a number of examples of
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The theory of evolution had an enormous impact upon systematics. For although it is possible to erect classification systems without assuming that there is any particular cause for the similarities and differences between the entities which are classified, an awareness of the underlying mechanisms cannot fail to affect our thinking about the goals and significance of taxonomy in general. Darwin's own views on the relationships between evolution and classification have been but imperfectly
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promoting reproductive success, would have detrimental effects on individual and species alike. One would expect the evolution of all sorts of contraptions or Rube Goldberg devices, constructed so as to further some aspect of reproduction, but put together in an impractical and, in the long run, deleterious manner. Evolution, proceeding blindly and without reason, adapts only to the needs of the moment, and not very well at that. It somewhat resembles the proverbial military school which
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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The idea of the earth's crust undergoing an endless cycle of change has a Lyellian ring. But it is also oddly prescient, presaging the ideas of the cycle of erosion of W M Davis. See, for example, P H Armstrong, The evolution of an idea: the influence of Darwin, Davis and Clements on the development of the cultural landscape concept, National Geographical Journal of India, 34(2), pages 156 -167, 1988. Chapter 7 Concluding Summary 1 See chapter 5, note 1. 2 C R Darwin, The Formation of Vegetable
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species, arguing that the idea of natural selection was implicit in Darwin's notebooks from 1837 onward, as well as in the writings of Lyell. * S. Smith, Origin of 'the Origin,' The Advancement of Science, XVI (1960), 391-401. A number of commentators—there seems almost to be a consensus—support the same general point of view. * G. Himmelfarb, Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution (New York: Doubleday, 1959); L. Eiseley, Darwin's Century: Evolution and the Men Who Discovered It (New York: Anchor
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A588
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1991. Under the blue vault of heaven: A study of Charles Darwin's sojourn in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Nedlands: Indian Ocean Centre for Peace Studies.
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Sketch of the Natural History of These Islands 1 The Sketch of 1842 and Essay of 1844, Darwin's two trial runs in his development of evolutionary theory, were unpublished during his lifetime, but are available with an introduction by Sir Francis Darwin and a foreword by Sir Gavin de Beer in Evolution by Natural Selection: Darwin and Wallace, Cambridge University Press, 1958. 2 Zoological Diary: DAR 31.2/358. 3 Chapter 1, note 29. 4D G Williams, Cocos (Keeling) Island – Plant Species Checklist
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psychology arose as a subdiscipline of philosophy. It is particularly revealing to note that many psychologists of considerable historical importance were interested in evolution; yet they were influenced not by Darwin, but by Spencer: Hughlings Jackson and Sechenov are examples. * H. W. Magoun, Evolutionary Concepts of Brain Function Following Darwin and Spencer, Evolution After Darwin, ed. S. Tax (Chicago: University Press, 1960) II, 187-218. At the time of their publication, the evolutionary
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more often than others, and that such regularity is intelligible in terms of theory. The implications of natural selection are by no means restricted to the brute fact of evolution. Indeed, natural selection does not imply that evolution will occur at all; it only implies that when evolution does occur, it will proceed according to certain rules. The same is true of laws of nature in general. Again, the law of gravity does not predict that an object will fall. For this reason, any objection to
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psychology developed out of his evolutionary thinking. His work was, among other things, a means of studying the evolution of behavior. Arguments of a behavioral nature are of great importance in The Descent of Man. A Posthumous Essay on Instinct, abstracted from the work which The Origin of Species was written to replace, shows that Darwin had long been interested in the evolution of behavior. * C. Darwin, A Posthumous Essay on Instinct, in C. G. Romanes, Mental Evolution in Animals (New York: D
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history of biology has raised its professional standards, and many able investigators have been studying the documents. On the scientific side, new developments continue to raise Darwin in the esteem of candid seekers after truth. For example, when this book was published in 1969, Darwin's theory of sexual selection was virtually ignored by evolutionary biologists. Upon realizing its significance I published that very same year a paper entitled The Evolution of Hermaphroditism among Animals, in
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hypothesis to Sydney Smith. This system was, in effect, a numerological one and therefore incompatible with the theory of evolution. It was based on the notion that all taxonomic groups may be arranged in sets of five subgroups, arranged in a circle. One might think that overthrowing this system would remove one objection to Darwin's theory. But the notion that Darwin had to refute it before his own hypothesis would be acceptable can scarcely be argued coherently. It is true that Darwin
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