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A783
Periodical contribution:
Smith, K. G. V. 1996. Supplementary notes on Darwin's insects. Archives of natural history 23 (2): 279-286.
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. An important item omitted from the Collin bibliography and of some interest to historians of evolution is Note. Drosophila sub obscura sp. n. , Journal of Genetics 33(1): 60 . This 1936 item appears at the end of a paper by C. Gordon and D. melanogaster and D. subobscura and was overlooked. The species described became one of the mostly widely used in genetic speciation studies! [page] 28
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A860
Periodical contribution:
Pearson, Paul N. 1996. Charles Darwin on the origin and diversity of igneous rocks. Earth Sciences History 15, no. 1: 49-67.
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of reasoning that led him, almost concurrently, to develop the theory of evolution by natural selection, a theme which is discussed futher in the final section of this paper. SOURCES Darwin's igneous theories were outlined in his Volcanic Islands volume of 1844 and provide the focus of what is otherwise an obscure book. They were never expanded on at any length, probably because Dawin appreciated that they were speculative and at the time only poorly supported by experimental and field data
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A860
Periodical contribution:
Pearson, Paul N. 1996. Charles Darwin on the origin and diversity of igneous rocks. Earth Sciences History 15, no. 1: 49-67.
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observations provide a new twist to Sulloway's71-72 debunking of the legend that Darwin was immediately converted to evolution on encountering the Gal pagos fauna he was clearly preoccupied with volcanic geology at the time. In describing volcanic landscapes, he was keen to trace a continuity from newly-formed and pristine lava cones through to eroded sheets and plugs (Figure 3). His geological writings are full of such instances of inter-gradation between classes of objects. If anything, this was
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A860
Periodical contribution:
Pearson, Paul N. 1996. Charles Darwin on the origin and diversity of igneous rocks. Earth Sciences History 15, no. 1: 49-67.
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. Cambridge University Library, Manuscripts department, DAR 32.1:34. 70. Charles Darwin. Journal and Remarks, 1832-1836, Vol. 3. of R. Fitzroy (ed.), Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships 'Adventure' and 'Beagle'; Between the Years 1826 and 1836, (London, 1839), p. 291. 71. Frank J. Sulloway, Darwin and his finches: the evolution of a legend, Journal of the History of Biology, 1982, 15:1-53. 72. Frank J. Sulloway, Darwin's conversion: the Beagle voyage and its aftermath, Journal
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F1821
Periodical contribution:
Banks, M. R. and D. Leaman eds. 1999. Charles Darwin's Field Notes on the geology of Hobart Town - A modern appraisal. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 133(1): 29-50.
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immediate publication of his ideas on the origin of coral reefs with which he was comfortable and for which he had considerable evidence. The glaciation situation is more comparable with his hesitation in publishing his thoughts on evolution. There are still debates on ancient glaciation and on evolution. In the field notes he recorded the observation that the mudstone on Knopwood Hill was altered (3E) but did not explicitly say that the greenstone had caused the alteration. He shortly thereafter (top
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A339
Periodical contribution:
Armstrong, Patrick. 2002. Antlions: A link between Charles Darwin and an early Suffolk naturalist. Transactions of the Suffolk Natural History Society 38: 81-86.
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integrative. Alas we cannot be absolutely certain of the exact species that Darwin found - there are dozens of species in Australia. Despite having collected thousands of insect specimens at the places visited in the course of his voyage, he does not seem to have taken the antlion specimen (Smith, 1987). A sunny bank in New South Wales and a Suffolk parish; Charles Robert Darwin originator of the theory of evolution through natural selection and the Rev. William Kirby, parson-naturalist. A tiny
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, 18 November 1835, p. 352. 9. These manuscripts were republished in G. de Beer (ed.), Evolution through Natural Selection (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958). 25
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A888
Periodical contribution:
Wyhe, John van. 2004. Alfred Russel Wallace: in a court of his own. Evolution 58, No. 12 (December): 2840-2841.
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Wyhe, John van. 2004. Alfred Russel Wallace: in a court of his own. Evolution 58, No. 12 (December): 2840-2841. [page] 2840 Evolution, 58(12), 2004, pp. 2840 2841 ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE: IN A COURT OF HIS OWN1 JOHN VAN WYHE Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3RH, United Kingdom E-mail: jmv21@cam.ac.uk Received September 27, 2004. Admirers of Alfred Russel Wallace (1823 1913) often bemoan his obscurity compared to Charles Darwin. If Wallace is
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incipient roots present in trees in any part of England? I have noticed that the Applies [sic] not one in a hundred will have any seeds in its core.26 Besides the economic interest of this passage, it marks one of the first detailed references in Darwin's notes to the propagation of cultivated plants. Later he became extremely interested in the matter of the inheritance of the characteristics of domestic plants and animals, and the topic represented one of the ways in which he approached evolution
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- the conceptual framework that provided the basis for his work on evolution through natural selection, some of his ideas on children's psychological development, the fractionation of igneous rocks and much else. He noted evidence of the poverty of island biotas and thus the importance of long-distance dispersal, the handmaid of evolution. He adopted the integrated approach to 'whole environments' that he has previously implied elsewhere (e.g. in the Falklands). Enjoying the tameness of some of
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A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
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Wehner R, Gehring W (1990): Zoologie. 22. Auflage. Thieme, Stuttgart Weiner J (1994) The beak of the finch: evolution in real time—an extraordinary scientific adventure story about birds, biology and the origin of species. Cape, London White G (1789) The natural history and antiquities of Selborne in the county of Southampton: with engravings and an appendix. White, London Wied-Neuwied M von (1820) Travels in Brazil in the years 1815, 1816, 1817. Colburn, London Willson MF, Armesto JJ (1996) The
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A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
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, Gehring W (1990): Zoologie. 22. Auflage. Thieme, Stuttgart Weiner J (1994) The beak of the finch: evolution in real time an extraordinary scientific adventure story about birds, biology and the origin of species. Cape, London White G (1789) The natural history and antiquities of Selborne in the county of Southampton: with engravings and an appendix. White, London Wied-Neuwied M von (1820) Travels in Brazil in the years 1815, 1816, 1817. Colburn, London Willson MF, Armesto JJ (1996) The natural
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A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
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of different species of finch, and the variety of their beaks, that so amazed Darwin. The general public still sees birds as Darwin's major clue to evolution. Rediscoveries in museum collections of original 'finches' from Darwin's collection made headline news 160 years after the voyage (Anonymous 1996; Clausen 1996; Field 2003), while Darwin's own Gal pagos finches were the biggest visitor attraction at a recent touring exhibition (1999 2002) on the early voyages of discovery (Rice 1999
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A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
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and die Evolution. Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main Stresemann E (1951) Die Entwicklung der Ornithologie von Aristoteles bis zur Gegenwart. Peters, Berlin Sulloway FJ (1979) Geographic isolation in Darwin's thinking: the vicissitudes of a crucial idea. Stud Hist Biol 3:23–65 Sulloway FJ (1982a) The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bull Br Mus Nat Hist, Zool Ser 43:49–94 Sulloway FJ (1982b) Darwin and his finches: the evolution of a legend. J Hist Biol 15:1–53 Sulloway
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A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
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Evolution. Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main Stresemann E (1951) Die Entwicklung der Ornithologie von Aristoteles bis zur Gegenwart. Peters, Berlin Sulloway FJ (1979) Geographic isolation in Darwin's thinking: the vicissitudes of a crucial idea. Stud Hist Biol 3:23 65 Sulloway FJ (1982a) The Beagle collections of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae). Bull Br Mus Nat Hist, Zool Ser 43:49 94 Sulloway FJ (1982b) Darwin and his finches: the evolution of a legend. J Hist Biol 15:1 53 Sulloway FJ (1982c
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stratification of captain, officers, petty officers, midshipmen and common seamen. Some of his comments were astute. He noted that different tribes had different dialects. Nevertheless, he was sometimes in error; he thought they had little notion of spirituality, while in fact they had a shamanistic religion of some complexity and a wealth of tales and myths concerning the origins of things.30 In view of his later ideas on evolution of all life, including those expressed in the Descent of Man, it is
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and his seeing Conception wrecked by an earthquake. But by 1834 Darwin had read Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology, which set forth with great erudition uniformitarian ideas - theories that the evolution of the earth was to be understood by assuming that change had for the most part, been gradual, and that the changes that had occurred, substantial though they might have been, were the result of processes that could be seen at work in the modern world. Certainly by the time of his second
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, noted that no bottom was found at 270 fathoms (1620 feet, about 490 m). Darwin used the term 'drowned' for the coral island group (attributing the term to Captain Cook), and described the archipelago as the union of 'two prevailing kinds of structure'; by this he presumably meant a volcanic island with a fringing reef attached and a barrier reef. He was writing in this way exactly at the time that that he was also drafting his first account of the gradual evolution of coral reefs from fringing
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'annihilated' and 'overrun'. The metaphors of struggle, competition and conflict recur throughout Darwin's work. He thought of the development of coral reefs as a struggle between land and sea, and the notion of competition is deeply implanted in his theory of evolution through natural selection. In the Origin of Species he uses the New Zealand example, stating that far more European plants had become naturalized in New Zealand than vice versa. 'Under this point of view, the productions of Great
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possibility of one form changing over time into another, and finally. . . 4. He appreciated that the trigger for this change might be the colonization of a new environment. All these components later appeared in his evolution through natural selection hypothesis. Thus the comparison of a couple of dead rats from Ascension Island may have had a greater impact than has been recognized. The importance that Darwin attached to the behaviour of animals, as well as their appearance, has been mentioned before
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